CN115468463B - Blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining - Google Patents
Blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining Download PDFInfo
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- CN115468463B CN115468463B CN202210700187.0A CN202210700187A CN115468463B CN 115468463 B CN115468463 B CN 115468463B CN 202210700187 A CN202210700187 A CN 202210700187A CN 115468463 B CN115468463 B CN 115468463B
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- blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and discloses a blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining, which comprises the following steps: s1, judging geological conditions, and determining the explosive usage amount according to a judging result; s2, measuring and paying off; determining the position of the blast hole and marking; s3, drilling a blasting hole; the blasting holes are a peripheral hole, an auxiliary hole and a slitting hole in sequence from the contour line of the tunnel to the center; the peripheral hole is drilled with a plurality of footage lengths, and the cutting hole and the auxiliary hole are respectively drilled with a footage length; s4, charging; arranging a water bag with a footage length at the peripheral hole, pushing the water bag to the position with a second footage length, and arranging explosive, electric detonator and stemming in the first footage length; explosive, electric detonator and stemming are arranged in the slitting hole and the auxiliary hole; s5, connecting a detonation network; detonating; and (5) deslagging. The invention uses the water sac to control the propagation of blasting wave and control the super-underexcavation; meanwhile, the method plays a certain pre-cracking role on surrounding rock of the next blasting cycle, and reduces the usage amount of the next circulating explosive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining.
Background
With the intensive of railway and highway networks and the development of remote areas, the tunnel construction environment continuously brings new challenges, and poor geology such as weak surrounding rock, joint stratum and the like also show greatly. The poor construction mode can bring the problems of over-excavation and the like, and the under-excavation needs to be supplemented with gun, and the over-excavation needs to be supplemented with gun, so that the economic construction cost is improved, and the optimization is carried out, so that the method is one of the problems; secondly, a large number of tunnel projects also bring a large number of high cost, the project is tedious, a large amount of labor force is needed, and the construction method is needed to be optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a blasting construction method for controlling the over-under excavation, which is used for controlling the over-under excavation, reducing the complicated degree of construction, saving resources and controlling the production cost.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining comprises the following steps:
s1, judging geological conditions, and determining the explosive usage amount according to a judging result;
s2, measuring and paying off; determining and marking the positions of the blasting holes, and determining to perform a plurality of blasting cycles;
s3, drilling a blasting hole; the blasting holes are a peripheral hole, an auxiliary hole and a slitting hole in sequence from the contour line of the tunnel to the center; the peripheral hole is drilled with a plurality of footage lengths, and the cutting hole and the auxiliary hole are respectively drilled with a footage length;
s4, charging in the blast hole; arranging a water bag with a footage length on the peripheral hole, pushing the water bag to a second footage length after arranging, and arranging explosive, electric detonator, blasting line and stemming in the first footage length; arranging explosive, electric detonator, blasting line and stemming in the cutting hole and the auxiliary hole; the blasting line is connected with the electric detonator and extends to the outside of the eye, and stemming seals the eye;
s5, connecting a detonation network; detonating; and (5) deslagging.
Further, after step S5, the method further includes: s6, measuring the loose degree of the super-underexcavated surrounding rock and the surrounding rock of the next cycle, and optimizing the blasting water sac consumption and the explosive consumption.
Further, the method for measuring and paying-off comprises the following steps: and arranging laser directors on the vault and the side walls at the two sides within 50m from the tunnel face respectively, controlling the tunneling direction of the tunnel, arranging wire control points in the tunnel, and paying off the contour line of the tunnel on the tunnel face by using the total station.
Preferably, in step S3, three footage lengths are drilled for the peripheral eye.
Preferably, in step S4, the water bladder is embedded in the fixed tube.
Further, the blasting lines outside the eyes are connected in series, and are charged once and detonated once.
Further, in step S6, if the water bags are not dug, increasing the water bag amount in the next cycle; if the water bags are overdrawn, the water bag amount in the next circulation is reduced.
Further, in step S6, if the surrounding rock is too loose, the water sac amount and the explosive amount are reduced in the next cycle; if the surrounding rock is too hard, the water sac quantity and the explosive quantity are increased in the next circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the blasting construction method for controlling the super-undermining, the water bags are arranged on the peripheral holes, so that the blasting effect of the explosive for the cutting holes is not affected, and meanwhile, the propagation of blasting waves can be controlled, and the super-undermining is controlled; the water bag is utilized to play a certain presplitting role on surrounding rock of the next blasting cycle to a certain extent, so that the use amount of the next circulating explosive is reduced;
2. according to the blasting construction method for controlling the super-undermining, the peripheral eyes tunnel a plurality of footage lengths at a time, so that advanced judgment of geological conditions is facilitated, and planning is planned in an overall mode; the use efficiency of the machine is improved, the number of mechanical and personnel in and out is controlled, the repeated times of mechanical and personnel in and out are reduced, and the fund is saved; the cutting hole still keeps a length of one footage per cycle, and the whole blasting effect can be well restrained;
3. according to the blasting construction method for controlling the super-undermining, after blasting, if the water bag is broken, water flows out along with the water bag, so that the treatment is convenient, and the environment is not polluted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary illustration of a face blast hole arrangement of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a charge construction diagram and a detonation flow diagram of the peripheral eye of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-length of footage; 2-stemming; 3-explosive; 4, water bag; 5-electric detonator; 6-a peripheral eye; 7-an auxiliary eye; 8-cutting the hole; 9-blasting line.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The blasting construction method for controlling the super-underexcavation is suitable for the blasting construction of the tunnel excavated by the full section; the flow is shown in fig. 1, specifically, the steps include:
s1, judging geological conditions;
after each cycle of excavation is completed, the excavation is followed to observe and describe the surrounding rock, the joint crack state of the surrounding rock is judged, and then the explosive usage amount is determined according to the judging result.
S2, measuring and paying off; determining and marking the positions of the blasting holes, and determining to perform a plurality of blasting cycles;
and a vault and two side walls within 50m from the tunnel face are respectively provided with a laser director for controlling the tunneling direction of the tunnel, and meanwhile, conducting wire control points are distributed in the tunnel, and the total station is utilized to accurately pay off the contour line of the tunnel on the tunnel face.
S3, drilling a blasting hole;
the blasting holes are sequentially provided with a peripheral hole 6, an auxiliary hole 7 and a slitting hole 8 from the contour line of the tunnel to the center; the arrangement of the blastholes is shown in fig. 2, and the number of blastholes and the distance between blastholes can be encrypted or sparse according to the specific condition of the tunnel; wherein the peripheral eye 6 is provided with a plurality of footage lengths 1, the auxiliary eye 7 and the slitting eye 8 are respectively provided with one footage length 1, and the footage length can be adjusted according to the requirement.
S4, charging in the blast hole;
wherein, arranging a water bag 4 with a length of footage at the peripheral eye 6, specifically, embedding the water bag 4 with a required amount into a fixed pipe, pushing the water bag 4 to a position with a second length of footage after arranging, and arranging explosive 3, electric detonator 5, blasting line 9 and stemming 2 in the first length of footage; the charging structure and the detonation flow of the peripheral eye are shown in figure 3; explosive 3, electric detonator 5, blasting line 9 and stemming 2 are arranged in the cutting hole and the auxiliary hole; the blasting wire 9 is connected with the electric detonator 5 and extends to the outside of the eye opening, and the stemming 2 seals the eye opening; the water sac consumption is determined according to the surrounding rock grade, geological condition judgment, measurement paying-off, last cycle super-undermining amount and the like, and the charging consumption is determined according to the water sac consumption, the surrounding rock grade, geological condition judgment, measurement paying-off, last cycle super-undermining amount and the like; the explosive 3 may be selectively charged with or without coupling as desired.
S5, connecting a detonation network; detonating; waiting for water in the water sac to naturally flow out, cleaning dangerous stones and deslagging.
The blasting lines 9 outside the eyes are connected in series, and are charged for one time and detonated for one time; before detonation, non-blasting personnel withdraw to a safety zone, and after the warning setting is completed and the safety regulation is met, the detonation can be performed; if the gun is dead, special treatment is needed.
S6, measuring the degree of loose of the surrounding rock in the over-and-under excavation and the next cycle, and if the surrounding rock is in the under excavation, distributing more water bags in the next cycle; if the water bags are overdrawn, arranging fewer water bags in the next cycle; if the explosive is loosened, the water sac quantity and the explosive quantity can be reduced in a proper amount; if the water bags are too hard, the water bags and the explosive amount can be properly increased.
S7, drilling a cutting hole and an auxiliary hole with the length of the next footage.
S8, repeating the steps S4-S7 until the undercut eye and the auxiliary eye are drilled to the peripheral fundus part; explosive, electric detonator and stemming are distributed in all the blasting holes, and the explosive loading quantity is determined according to surrounding rock grade, geological condition judgment, measurement paying-off, previous cycle super-underexcavation quantity and the like; detonating; and (5) cleaning dangerous stones and deslagging.
S9, repeating the steps S3 to S8 until the construction is finished.
According to the blasting construction method for controlling the super-undermining, the peripheral hole is drilled with a plurality of length of the entering ruler once, the water bags are arranged in the peripheral hole, when the explosive in the peripheral hole explodes, the explosion waves propagate in the axial direction by taking the water bags as mediums and super-explosive, so that axial blasting is formed, and the next blasting area is loosened; the length of a ruler is drilled for each time by the cutting hole and the auxiliary hole, so that the construction stability is ensured; controlling explosive quantity through geological condition judgment, realizing control over underexcavation, arranging fewer water bags for weaker rock mass, and arranging more water bags for hard rock mass to control; by utilizing the former cycle, the peripheral hole only needs to pass through one drilling operation, and the next cycle adopts less explosive, so that the safety and the mining blasting efficiency are high; after the explosion, if the water bag is broken, water flows out along with the water bag, so that the treatment is convenient, and the environment is not polluted.
Of course, the present invention is capable of other various embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and variation in light of the present invention by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, judging geological conditions, and determining the explosive usage amount according to a judging result;
s2, measuring and paying off; determining and marking the positions of the blasting holes, and determining to perform a plurality of blasting cycles;
s3, drilling a blasting hole; the blasting holes are sequentially provided with a peripheral eye (6), an auxiliary eye (7) and a slitting eye (8) from the contour line of the tunnel to the center; the peripheral eye (6) is drilled with a plurality of footage lengths (1), and the auxiliary eye (7) and the slitting eye (8) are respectively drilled with one footage length (1);
s4, charging in the blast hole; the method comprises the steps that a water bag (4) with a footage length is arranged on a peripheral hole (6), after the arrangement, the water bag (4) is pushed to a position with a second footage length, and an explosive (3), an electric detonator (5), a blasting line (9) and stemming (2) are arranged in the first footage length; explosive (3), electric detonator (5), blasting line (9) and stemming (2) are arranged in the cutting hole and the auxiliary hole; the blasting wire (9) is connected with the electric detonator (5) and extends to the outside of the eye opening, and the stemming (2) seals the eye opening;
s5, connecting a detonation network; detonating; and (5) deslagging.
2. The blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining according to claim 1, wherein: after step S5, further comprising:
s6, measuring the loose degree of the super-underexcavated surrounding rock and the surrounding rock of the next cycle, and optimizing the blasting water sac consumption and the explosive consumption.
3. The blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining according to claim 1, wherein: the method for measuring and paying-off comprises the following steps: and arranging laser directors on the vault and the side walls at the two sides within 50m from the tunnel face respectively, controlling the tunneling direction of the tunnel, arranging wire control points in the tunnel, and paying off the contour line of the tunnel on the tunnel face by using the total station.
4. The blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, three footage lengths are drilled by the peripheral eye (6).
5. The blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the water bag (4) is buried in the fixed pipe.
6. The blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining according to claim 1, wherein: the blasting lines (9) outside the eyes are connected in series, and are charged once and detonated once.
7. The blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining according to claim 2, wherein:
in the step S6, if the water bags are underdug, increasing the water bag quantity in the next circulation; if the water bags are overdrawn, the water bag amount in the next circulation is reduced.
8. The blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining according to claim 2, wherein: in the step S6, if the surrounding rock is too loose, the water sac quantity and the explosive quantity are reduced in the next cycle; if the surrounding rock is too hard, the water sac quantity and the explosive quantity are increased in the next circulation.
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| CN202210700187.0A CN115468463B (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | Blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining |
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| CN202210700187.0A CN115468463B (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | Blasting construction method for controlling super-undermining |
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