CN112945036B - Drilling and blasting method for long-entering ruler of small-section tunnel - Google Patents
Drilling and blasting method for long-entering ruler of small-section tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112945036B CN112945036B CN202110390447.4A CN202110390447A CN112945036B CN 112945036 B CN112945036 B CN 112945036B CN 202110390447 A CN202110390447 A CN 202110390447A CN 112945036 B CN112945036 B CN 112945036B
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a drilling and blasting method for a long-entering ruler of a small-section tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering. A drilling and blasting method for a small-section tunnel long-entering ruler comprises the following steps: drilling holes on the whole section at one time, and sequentially excavating a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral light explosion hole and a bottom plate hole from the center to the periphery of the tunnel excavation surface; charging the inside of the cut hole, and detonating; charging and detonating in the auxiliary hole; charging and detonating in the peripheral light detonation holes; and (5) charging and detonating the holes of the bottom plate. The invention prolongs the excavation circulation footage, promotes the construction progress, improves the blast hole utilization rate, reduces the construction cost, reduces the disturbance damage of blasting vibration to the rock wall of the grotto, and improves the blasting excavation quality of the grotto.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, in particular to a drilling and blasting method for a long-entering ruler of a small-section tunnel.
Background
The small-section tunnel is widely applied to hydropower engineering with small flow and high water head, water conservancy diversion engineering, grouting flat holes in large hydropower engineering, drainage holes of underground plants and the like. At present, when a small-section tunnel is excavated by adopting a drilling and blasting method, an excavation construction technology of 'hollow straight line cutting and full section one-step blasting forming method' is generally adopted.
Because the tunnel excavation section is small, only the hole and the tunnel face are used as the blasting free face during blasting, the rock clamping force is relatively large, the primary blasting excavation circulation length is relatively short, and the hole diameter or span is generally 0.4-0.6 times; meanwhile, the utilization rate of the blast holes is low, generally about 80%, and the construction progress is not easy to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drilling and blasting method for a long-length ruler of a small-section tunnel, which prolongs the excavation circulation ruler, improves the utilization rate of blast holes, promotes the construction progress and reduces the construction cost; solves the problems existing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a drilling and blasting method for a small-section tunnel long-entering ruler comprises the following steps:
s1: drilling holes on the whole section at one time, and sequentially excavating a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral light explosion hole and a bottom plate hole from the center to the periphery of the tunnel excavation surface;
s2: charging the inside of the cut hole, and detonating;
s3: charging and detonating in the auxiliary hole;
s4: charging and detonating in the peripheral light detonation holes;
s5: and (5) charging and detonating the holes of the bottom plate.
Preferably, the cut hole is composed of an inner cut hole and an outer cut hole, and the outer cut hole is circumferentially arranged at the periphery of the inner cut hole; in step S2, the inner ring cut hole is not filled with the powder, and the outer ring cut hole is filled with the powder.
Preferably, the auxiliary holes are arranged around the periphery of the cut hole, the arrangement of the auxiliary holes is matched with the shape of the tunnel, the peripheral light explosion holes are arranged on two side wall surfaces and the upper wall surface of the tunnel, and the bottom plate holes are arranged on the bottom plate surface of the tunnel.
Preferably, the cut hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole are respectively detonated by slight differences in the millisecond delay detonating tube holes.
Preferably, the peripheral light explosion hole adopts detonating fuse detonation and smooth blasting technology to control the contour.
Preferably, the drilling diameters of the cut holes, the auxiliary holes, the peripheral light explosion holes and the bottom plate holes are 42 mm;
the depth of the cut hole is 3.50 meters, and the pitch of the hole is 0.10-0.25 meter;
the auxiliary holes are arranged with a hole depth of 3.30 m and a hole pitch of 0.50-0.80 m;
the peripheral light explosion holes are arranged with a hole depth of 3.30 meters and a hole distance of 0.40-0.55 meters;
the holes of the bottom plate are arranged with a hole depth of 3.30 m and a hole distance of 0.50-0.60 m.
Preferably, the peripheral light explosion holes adopt 25 mm×150g type 2# rock emulsion explosive, the interval uncoupled charge is filled, and the uncoupled coefficient is 1.68; the undercut hole, the auxiliary hole and the bottom plate hole adopt 32 mm multiplied by 200g type 2# rock emulsion explosive, and are continuously coupled for charging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a drilling and blasting method for a long-entering ruler of a small-section tunnel, which has the following beneficial effects:
the invention obviously prolongs the excavation circulation footage and promotes the construction progress. The full-section one-time drilling and blasting and the sub-blasting excavation drilling and blasting technology is simple in construction method; although the chamber is blasted in times, the single circulation footage can reach 2.8-3.1 meters; compared with the conventional full-section one-shot blasting forming method, the single-time circulating footage is 0.4-0.6 times of the hole diameter or span (about 1.1-1.8 m), the circulating footage of each stubble is improved by more than 170%, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved.
The invention effectively improves the utilization rate of the blast holes and reduces the construction cost. After the primary explosion of the cut hole 1, a good explosion free surface is created for the auxiliary hole 2 and the peripheral light explosion hole 3, and the average blast hole utilization rate can reach more than 90%; compared with the average blast hole utilization rate of about 80 percent of the conventional full-section one-step blasting forming method, the blast hole utilization rate is improved by more than 110 percent, and the construction cost is reduced while the construction progress is promoted.
According to the invention, the primary blasting creates a free surface for secondary blasting, so that disturbance damage of blasting vibration to the rock wall of the cavity is reduced during the subsequent blasting, and the blasting excavation quality of the cavity is improved.
The device has the advantages that the non-related parts are the same as or can be realized by adopting the prior art, the excavation circulation footage is obviously prolonged, and the construction progress is promoted. The full-section one-time drilling and blasting and the sub-blasting excavation drilling and blasting technology is simple in construction method; although the chamber is blasted in times, the single circulation footage can reach 2.8-3.1 meters; compared with the conventional full-section one-shot blasting forming method, the single-time circulating footage is 0.4-0.6 times of the hole diameter or span (about 1.1-1.8 m), the circulating footage of each stubble is improved by more than 170%, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved; the utilization rate of blast holes is effectively improved, and the construction cost is reduced. After the primary explosion of the cut hole 1, a good explosion free surface is created for the auxiliary hole 2 and the peripheral light explosion hole 3, and the average blast hole utilization rate can reach more than 90%; compared with the average blast hole utilization rate of about 80% of the conventional full-section one-step blasting forming method, the blast hole utilization rate is improved by more than 110%, and the construction cost is reduced while the construction progress is promoted; the primary blasting creates a free surface for the secondary blasting, so that disturbance damage of blasting vibration to the wall of the chamber is reduced during the subsequent blasting, and the blasting excavation quality of the chamber is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a borehole layout;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state after the detonation of the undercut hole;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the state after the auxiliary hole is detonated.
In the figure: 1. cutting the slot; 2. an auxiliary hole; 3. peripheral light blasts; 4. a floor hole; 101. the inner ring is notched; 102. the outer ring is cut into the slot.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a drilling and blasting method for a small-section tunnel long-entering ruler comprises the following steps: and (3) full-section primary drilling, charging and detonating in the cut hole 1, charging and detonating in the auxiliary hole 2, charging and detonating in the peripheral light explosion hole 3, and charging and detonating in the bottom plate hole 4.
When each cycle is excavated, the whole-section blast hole is drilled at one time; when blasting, the blasting is completed in batches; the cut hole 1 is detonated first, and then the auxiliary hole 2, the peripheral light explosion hole 3 and the bottom plate hole 4 are filled and exploded.
Wherein the specific steps are as follows.
S1: and (3) drilling holes on the whole section once, and sequentially excavating a cut hole 1, an auxiliary hole 2, a peripheral light explosion hole 3 and a bottom plate hole 4 from the center to the periphery of the tunnel excavation surface.
The cut holes 1 are arranged in a rectangular or circular arrangement mode by taking the central position of a tunnel excavation section as a midpoint. The cut hole 1 is composed of an inner cut hole 101 and an outer cut hole 102, and the outer cut hole 102 is arranged around the periphery of the inner cut hole 101 to form a central double-ring winding structure.
The auxiliary holes 2 are arranged around the periphery of the cut hole 1, the arrangement of the auxiliary holes 2 is matched with the shape of the tunnel, and the overall arrangement appearance is concentric and the shape of the tunnel is reduced. In the upper arched position area, the arrangement of auxiliary holes 2 is suitably reduced; the number of the integral auxiliary holes 2 is calculated according to the area of the tunnel excavation section. The small-section tunnel is generally provided with a circle, and in construction, the small-section tunnel is adaptively matched and adjusted according to an operation environment.
The peripheral light explosion holes 3 are arranged on two side wall surfaces and an upper wall surface of the tunnel and distributed on the contour line of the excavation section of the tunnel. The bottom plate hole 4 is arranged on the bottom plate surface of the tunnel.
Based on the characteristic that the general width of the small-section tunnel is within 4 meters and the cross section is smaller, a conventional pore-forming data scheme is designed:
the pore diameters of the pore-forming pores are uniformly set to be 42 mm; the hole depth of the cut hole 1 is 3.50 meters, and the hole pitch is 0.10-0.25 meter; the auxiliary holes 2 are arranged with a hole depth of 3.30 m and a hole pitch of 0.50-0.80 m; the peripheral light explosion holes 3 are arranged with a hole depth of 3.30 m and a hole distance of 0.40-0.55 m; the holes of the bottom plate holes 4 are arranged with the hole depth of 3.30 meters and the hole pitch of 0.50-0.60 meters. And carrying out matching setting on the number of the holes according to specific environments.
All the blasting holes are set to be uniform in specification aperture, and when one-time hole forming is performed, operation can be completed by using one hole forming device. Meanwhile, the aperture of 42 mm can meet the requirement of blasting in most small-section tunnels.
S2: charging and detonating in the cut hole 1; wherein, the inner ring cut hole 101 is not filled with medicine and is arranged as a hollow hole; the outer race cut hole 102 is charged therein.
Adopting 32 mm multiplied by 200g type 2# rock emulsion explosive to continuously couple and charge by combining with a pore diameter of 42 mm; and adopting differential detonation in the millisecond delay detonating tube detonator hole.
After the initiation of the cut hole 1, a groove hole is formed in the center of the tunnel surface, and a good free surface is created for the auxiliary hole 2 and the peripheral light explosion hole 3.
S3: and the auxiliary hole 2 is filled with the explosive and detonated.
Adopting a 2# rock emulsion explosive with the diameter of 42 mm multiplied by 200g to continuously couple and charge; and adopting differential detonation in the millisecond delay detonating tube detonator hole.
S4: and the peripheral light explosion hole 3 is filled with the explosive and detonated.
Combining with a pore diameter of 42 mm, adopting 25 mm multiplied by 150g type 2# rock emulsion explosive, and filling the explosive at intervals in a non-coupling way, wherein the non-coupling coefficient is 1.68; and the detonating fuse detonating and smooth blasting technology is adopted to perform contour control detonating.
The free surface formed after the initiation of the cut hole 1 is utilized, and the single blasting excavation circulation footage of the auxiliary hole 2 and the peripheral light explosion hole 3 can reach 2.8-3.1 meters; meanwhile, the average blast hole utilization rate can also reach more than 90 percent; and the construction progress is promoted, and meanwhile, the construction cost is reduced.
S5: the bottom plate hole 4 is filled with the explosive and detonated.
Adopting a 2# rock emulsion explosive with the diameter of 42 mm multiplied by 200g to continuously couple and charge; and adopting differential detonation in the millisecond delay detonating tube detonator hole.
And (5) detonating for multiple times to finish single drilling and blasting of the small-section tunnel.
In the detonation of the auxiliary hole 2, the peripheral light explosion hole 3 and the bottom plate hole 4, the formed free surface of the groove hole reduces the disturbance and damage of explosion vibration to the rock wall of the cavity, and improves the explosion excavation quality of the cavity.
In a hydropower station project, the total length of underground caverns reaches 9.51 km, and mainly small-section caverns. The full length 195.26 meters of the branch hole is constructed by the diversion system No. 5, the excavation section is in the shape of a gate hole with the length of 3.0 meters multiplied by 3.0 meters, and the excavation area is 8.244 square; the construction branch hole is responsible for the full length 336.284 m of the main hole section of the pressure pipeline, the main hole has an urban portal shape with the digging section of 2.7 m multiplied by 2.7 m, and the digging area is 6.506 square, and the main hole belongs to ultra-small section flat hole digging. The cavity mainly takes gneiss as main material, and the integrity of rock mass is better. In order to accelerate engineering construction progress, resource equipment occupies pressure after avoiding later-stage comprehensive construction, improves the construction efficiency, simultaneously controls the excavation quality of a cave body, reduces the backfill engineering quantity of later-stage concrete, and adopts the full-section primary drilling and the sub-blasting excavation drilling and blasting construction technology provided by the scheme in the cave excavation.
Before the excavation construction of the grotto, auxiliary facilities such as equipment, wind and water pipelines and the like used for construction on site are organized to work in place, and good running states of construction equipment and tools are ensured. And (3) measuring and lofting by adopting a total station, accurately discharging the feature points such as the excavation contour line, the center point of the top arch, the arch shoulder and the trend of the grotto and the like, and marking the excavation section contour in the face of the tunnel. And rechecking the excavated section in time in the process, so as to ensure that the excavation size of the cavern meets the design requirement. And according to the measuring lofting point, the blaster and the field technician can refer to blasting design parameters according to the geological conditions of the field surrounding rock, mark the hole position and the direction of the blast hole on the face, and determine the drilling depth.
The design parameters are that the drilling holes are set to be uniform with the diameter of 42 mm; the depth of the 1-hole of the cut hole is 3.50 meters, and the pitch of the hole is 0.10-0.25 meter; the depth of the auxiliary holes 2 is 3.30 m, and the pitch of the holes is 0.50-0.80 m; the hole depth of the peripheral light explosion hole 3 is 3.30 meters, and the hole distance is 0.40-0.55 meters; the depth of the holes 4 of the bottom plate is 3.30 meters, and the hole distance is 0.50-0.60 meter.
And after parameter design, excavating.
In the process of excavation, the 1 part of the cut hole is firstly constructed. The double-ring structure of the cut hole 1 takes the central point of the cavity as the center of a circle, and respectively constructs inscribed squares with the radius of 0.10 meter and 0.25 meter. Wherein, the inner ring cut hole 101 is provided with four holes which are arranged at four corners of an inscribed square with a diameter circle of 0.10 m; eight outer ring cut holes 102 are circumferentially arranged on the periphery of the inner ring cut hole 101; the outer ring of the undercut holes 102 are arranged at the four corner positions of the inscribed square of the 0.25 m circle and at the side length center point of the square.
An auxiliary hole 2 is arranged around the cut hole 1; the auxiliary hole 2 is matched with the operation surface and is arranged in a gate shape. 4 rows are horizontally arranged, and the row spacing is 0.50 meter. The top end is arranged in a row and matched with the arch, so that the hole distribution is reduced; the center position coincides with the center of the cut hole 1, and one is reduced. Each row is sequentially provided with 2 holes, 3 holes, 2 holes and 3 holes from top to bottom. The horizontal center positions of the rows are positioned on the same vertical plane with the center of the cut hole 1. Adjacent holes are horizontally spaced by 0.80 m; wherein the layer horizontally coincides with the center of the cut hole 1, and the hole spacing between the two holes is 1.60 meters; the three lower rows of holes are vertically corresponding. A total of 10 auxiliary holes 2 are provided.
The peripheral light explosion holes 3 are formed along the two side wall surfaces and the upper wall surface of the tunnel; according to the tunnel size, 16 peripheral light explosion holes 3 are arranged. Wherein, the upper cambered surface is provided with intervals of 0.40 m, and 12 peripheral light explosion holes 3 are arranged in total; the two side wall surfaces are provided with intervals of 0.55 m, and 4 peripheral light explosion holes 3 are arranged in total.
A bottom plate hole 4 is arranged along the bottom plate surface of the tunnel; the number of the substrate holes 4 is 5. The central bottom plate hole 4 is positioned at the central point of the bottom plate surface, the interval between the central bottom plate hole 4 and the bottom plate holes 4 on two adjacent sides is set to be 0.50 m, and the interval between the outermost bottom plate hole 4 and the adjacent bottom plate holes 4 is set to be 0.60 m.
The drilling quality directly influences the blasting excavation effect of the grotto, and the drilling is carried out in the construction strictly according to the hole site, the direction and the depth of blasting design; so as to ensure that the smooth blasting residual porosity and the evenness of the cavity meet the standard requirements after blasting excavation.
After the full section drilling is completed, the blast hole is cleaned by the high-pressure air gun. After acceptance inspection, the blaster charges and networks the inside of the cut hole 1 according to the blasting design parameters, and after inspection, primary detonation blasting is performed.
The blasting parameters are that the inside of the outer ring cut hole 102 adopts 32 mm multiplied by 200g type 2# rock emulsion explosive, and the explosive is continuously loaded in a coupling way; and adopting differential detonation in the millisecond delay detonating tube detonator hole.
After blasting, after ventilation and smoke discharge, the blasting effect is checked, and blasting repair treatment is carried out if necessary until the expected slitting effect is achieved, so that one blasting operation is completed.
After the primary blasting is completed, the blasting stone slag in the cut area is cleaned by manual cleaning, so that a good blasting free surface is formed. And then cleaning the blast holes by using a high-pressure air gun, checking and accepting the blast holes to be qualified, charging and networking the auxiliary holes 2, the peripheral light explosion holes 3 and the bottom plate holes 4 by a blaster according to blasting design parameters, and blasting sequentially after checking without errors.
The blasting parameters are that the inside of the auxiliary hole 2 adopts 32 mm multiplied by 200g type 2# rock emulsion explosive, continuous coupling charging and differential detonation inside the millisecond delay detonating tube detonator hole; in the peripheral light explosion hole 3, adopting 25 mm multiplied by 150g type 2# rock emulsion explosive, filling at intervals in a non-coupling way, wherein the non-coupling coefficient is 1.68, and adopting detonating cord detonation and smooth blasting technology to perform contour control detonation; in the bottom plate hole 4, a 32 mm multiplied by 200g type 2# rock emulsion explosive is adopted, continuous coupling charging is adopted, and differential detonation in the millisecond delay detonating tube detonator hole is adopted.
After blasting, a ventilation system is started to discharge smoke and remove dust, the ventilation time is not less than 15 minutes, the tail end of the ventilation pipe is kept about 30 meters away from the face, and water mist dust fall is added according to the actual situation on site when necessary, so that the ventilation effect is ensured. Meanwhile, the harmful gas and inflammable and explosive gas in the hole are detected regularly. After ventilation and smoke discharge are finished, a safety person can check the blasting effect with a blaster, and meanwhile, the blasting operation surface and the nearby area are checked, and the discovered safety hidden dangers such as blind cannons, dangerous stones and the like are treated in time. After blasting is completed, the excavated slag is transported to a slag disposal site outside the hole by adopting a slag skimming machine or an underground scraper in combination with a small mining dump truck. And (3) timely completing primary support according to design construction drawings and surrounding rock geological conditions, carrying out support follow-up on IV and V surrounding rock sections, and timely completing support on II and III surrounding rock sections after completing one unit engineering.
The invention obviously prolongs the excavation circulation footage and promotes the construction progress. The full-section one-time drilling and blasting and the sub-blasting excavation drilling and blasting technology is simple in construction method; although the chamber is blasted in times, the single circulation footage can reach 2.8-3.1 meters; compared with the conventional full-section one-shot blasting forming method, the single-time circulating footage is 0.4-0.6 times of the hole diameter or span (about 1.1-1.8 m), the circulating footage of each stubble is improved by more than 170%, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved. The utilization rate of blast holes is effectively improved, and the construction cost is reduced. After the primary explosion of the cut hole 1, a good explosion free surface is created for the auxiliary hole 2 and the peripheral light explosion hole 3, and the average blast hole utilization rate can reach more than 90%; compared with the average blast hole utilization rate of about 80 percent of the conventional full-section one-step blasting forming method, the blast hole utilization rate is improved by more than 110 percent, and the construction cost is reduced while the construction progress is promoted. The primary blasting creates a free surface for the secondary blasting, so that disturbance damage of blasting vibration to the wall of the chamber is reduced during the subsequent blasting, and the blasting excavation quality of the chamber is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The drilling and blasting method for the long-entering ruler of the small-section tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the method comprises the steps of (1) drilling a full section once, and sequentially excavating a cut hole (1), an auxiliary hole (2), a peripheral light explosion hole (3) and a bottom plate hole (4) from the center to the periphery of a tunnel excavation surface;
all the blasting holes are set to be uniform specification apertures;
when the hole is drilled at one time, the operation can be completed by using a hole-making device;
s2: charging the inside of the cut hole (1) and detonating;
s3: charging and detonating the auxiliary hole (2);
s4: charging and detonating the periphery light explosion hole (3);
s5: charging and detonating in the bottom plate holes (4);
wherein:
the cut holes (1) are arranged in a rectangular or circular arrangement mode by taking the central position of the tunnel excavation section as a midpoint;
the cut hole (1) is composed of an inner ring cut hole (101) and an outer ring cut hole (102), and the outer ring cut hole (102) is arranged around the periphery of the inner ring cut hole (101) to form a central double-ring winding structure;
specific:
the double-ring structure of the cut hole (1) takes the central point of the cavity as the center of a circle to respectively construct inscribed squares with the radius of 0.10 meter and 0.25 meter;
wherein the inner ring notched hole (101) is provided with four holes, and the four holes are arranged at four corners of an inscribed square with a diameter circle of 0.10 m; eight outer ring cut holes (102) are circumferentially formed in the periphery of the inner ring cut hole (101); the outer ring cut hole (102) is arranged at four corner positions of an inscribed square of a 0.25 m circle and at the center point of the side length of the square;
the auxiliary holes (2) are circumferentially arranged on the periphery of the cut hole (1), the arrangement of the auxiliary holes (2) is matched with the shape of the tunnel, and the overall arrangement appearance is the shape of the tunnel with concentric points and reduced version;
the peripheral light explosion holes (3) are arranged on two side wall surfaces and an upper wall surface of the tunnel, and the bottom plate holes (4) are arranged on the bottom plate surface of the tunnel;
in the step S2, the inner ring cut hole (101) is not filled with the powder, and the outer ring cut hole (102) is filled with the powder;
the undercut hole (1), the auxiliary hole (2) and the bottom plate hole (4) are respectively detonated by adopting micro-differential in the millisecond delay detonating tube hole;
the peripheral light explosion hole (3) adopts detonating fuse detonating and smooth blasting technology to control the outline;
the drilling diameters of the cut holes (1), the auxiliary holes (2), the peripheral light explosion holes (3) and the bottom plate holes (4) are 42 mm;
the depth of the cut hole (1) is 3.50 meters, and the pitch of the hole is 0.10-0.25 meter;
the auxiliary holes (2) are arranged with a hole depth of 3.30 m and a hole distance of 0.50-0.80 m;
the peripheral light explosion holes (3) are arranged with the hole depth of 3.30 meters and the hole distance of 0.40-0.55 meter;
the bottom plate holes (4) are arranged with a hole depth of 3.30 m and a hole distance of 0.50-0.60 m;
the peripheral light explosion hole (3) adopts a 2# rock emulsion explosive of 25 mm multiplied by 150g, the spacing is not coupled with the charge, and the uncoupling coefficient is 1.68; the undercut hole (1), the auxiliary hole (2) and the bottom plate hole (4) adopt 32 mm multiplied by 200g type 2# rock emulsion explosive, and are continuously coupled for charging.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110390447.4A CN112945036B (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | Drilling and blasting method for long-entering ruler of small-section tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110390447.4A CN112945036B (en) | 2021-04-12 | 2021-04-12 | Drilling and blasting method for long-entering ruler of small-section tunnel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112945036A CN112945036A (en) | 2021-06-11 |
| CN112945036B true CN112945036B (en) | 2024-03-12 |
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