CN101846484A - Blasting method of driving, mining and cutting drift under ultrahard fault - Google Patents
Blasting method of driving, mining and cutting drift under ultrahard fault Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting method of a driving, mining and cutting drift under an ultrahard fault and is characterized in that the method can be used to increase the blasting effect. The blasting method comprises the following steps: 1) drilling detonating cave blastholes on both sides of a fault plane 2) placing detonators and explosive in the detonating cave blastholes; 3) shooting the detonators and explosive in the detonating cave blastholes to obtain detonating caves; 4) drilling auxiliary blastholes around the detonating caves, drilling peripheral blastholes around the auxiliary blastholes; 5) placing detonators and explosive in the auxiliary blastholes and the peripheral blastholes; and 6) shooting the detonators and explosive in the auxiliary blastholes and the peripheral blastholes. During the blasting process of the mining and cutting drift, primary blasting is firstly performed to obtain free space for secondary blasting so that the mechanical property of country rocks can be changed and the mining and cutting drift with better smooth surface effect can be obtained after the next blasting; and the method is especially suitable to be used in the projects such as drift driving and mining approach road driving under special geological conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blasting method, be specifically related to tunnel under a kind of extremely hard tomography condition and adopt the blasting method of cutting the tunnel.
Background technology
At present, in the mining process, stope drift active workings, cutting tunnel, long and medium hole drilling are three important prior steps of avalanche method mining.Wherein adopt the formation quality of cutting the tunnel and will influence the rock drilling work of medium-length hole chassis and the ore caving quality in later stage to a great extent.Therefore have relatively high expectations to adopting the cross section quality of cutting the tunnel.Stope drift active workings are delivered for use how fast, efficient, safely on schedule and have just become an important problem.Particularly under specific condition, the construction of drill jumbo will be subjected to very big influence, no matter be that safety management, quality management and progress control all exist big difficulty.Here the specific condition of mentioning is meant that mainly the geological conditions of the rock in the tunnel is special, as tomography, joint bedding grow, rock is hard especially or condition such as drillability of rock difference, under such condition, if still adopt adopting of one to cut driving method construction, will cause that progress is slow, of poor quality, safety is difficult to problems such as control.
One adopts common smooth Surface Blasting Technology existing blasting method, common photoface exploision is when running into extremely hard tomography, explosion does not have expected effect, main cause is: have bigger stress between the former tomography, this stress has reached balance in the long process of geological movement, in protolith, form stress equilibrium without disturbance, when adopting common photoface exploision, disposablely be drilled with a plurality of boreholes and arrange detonator, explosive, each borehole adopts different other detonators of section, and detonator blasting is the sequential difference successively, when explosion, the borehole elder generation explosion that has, and explosion behind the borehole that has.After the part of elder generation's explosion formed free space, protolith was by disturbance, and the concentrated stress of tomography will be discharged rapidly, formed new balance, made snubber not have good slotting effect at once.The big stress of this burst even the powder charge hole of back explosion " is killed ", the part cap explosive miss-fires, and makes demolition effect not good.So still, need secondary blasting, not only waste raw material, waste man-hour, and the section that explosion forms is extremely rough, does not reach the quick-fried effect of light.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides under a kind of extremely hard tomography condition that improves demolition effect driving and adopts the blasting method of cutting the tunnel.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: driving is adopted the blasting method of cutting the tunnel under the extremely hard tomography condition, may further comprise the steps:
A, be drilled with and be arranged in the quick-fried cave borehole of leading of fault plane both sides;
B, in leading quick-fried cave borehole, arrange detonator, explosive;
C, ignition are led detonator, the explosive arranged in the quick-fried cave borehole and are obtained leading quick-fried cave;
D, be drilled with easer around the quick-fried cave leading, around easer, be drilled with periphery hole;
E, in easer and periphery hole, arrange detonator, explosive;
Detonator, the explosive arranged in f, ignition easer and the periphery hole.
Further be in the zone of leading quick-fried cave borehole formation, to be provided with and to lead quick-fried emptying aperture.
Further be, lead quick-fried cave borehole and have even number that two rear flank that are arranged symmetrically in fault plane form rectangle.
Further be that the distance between the sumper of periphery hole is less than the distance between the tophole.
Further be that the eyeground of described periphery hole tilts toward adopting the contour direction of cutting the tunnel.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: because in adopting the blasting process of cutting the tunnel, at first obtain leading quick-fried cave by the explosion of a to c step, obtained a bigger explosion free space, make that also the country rock mechanical property is changed, thereby for explosion next time provides blasting mechanics basis preferably, can reduce the explosion resistance in follow-up d to the f step, improve demolition effect, can obtain having adopting of higher smooth effect and cut the tunnel, be particluarly suitable for using in the engineerings such as the tunnelling under the special geologic condition and the route driving of digging up mine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the side view of Fig. 1.
Be labeled as among the figure: lead quick-fried cave borehole 1, easer 2, periphery hole 3, fault plane 4, lead quick-fried emptying aperture 5.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 2, driving is adopted the blasting method of cutting the tunnel under the extremely hard tomography condition of the present invention, may further comprise the steps:
A, be drilled with and be arranged in the quick-fried cave borehole 1 of leading of fault plane 4 both sides; Easer 2, the periphery hole 3 of leading in quick-fried cave borehole 1 and the steps d among this step a all adopt single armed chassis Rock Bomer281 rock drilling to be drilled with.
B, in leading quick-fried cave borehole, arrange detonator, explosive;
C, ignition are led detonator, the explosive arranged in the quick-fried cave borehole and are obtained leading quick-fried cave; After explosion obtains leading quick-fried cave, dispose the recrement of leading in the quick-fried cave, make through after the step a to c, obtain a free explosion space (promptly form lead quick-fried cave), thereby for explosion next time provides blasting mechanics basis preferably, promptly have after this free explosion space, can reduce the explosion resistance in follow-up d to the f step, improve demolition effect.
D, be drilled with easer 2 around the quick-fried cave leading, around easer, be drilled with periphery hole 3;
E, in easer and periphery hole, arrange detonator, explosive;
Detonator, the explosive arranged in f, ignition easer and the periphery hole.Owing to lead the free explosion of quick-fried cave space, can obtain having adopting of higher smooth effect after making d to f step finish and cut the tunnel by what step a to c obtained.
In the above-described embodiment, can be only arrange and lead quick-fried cave borehole 1 in fault plane 4 both sides, but form to lead the free explosion Space of quick-fried cave not good, for improving the demolition effect that this leads quick-fried cave, in the zone of leading quick-fried cave borehole formation, be provided with and lead quick-fried emptying aperture 5.This purpose of leading quick-fried emptying aperture 5 is to provide explosion space freely for leading quick-fried cave, reduces to lead the explosion resistance of quick-fried cave when explosion, makes to lead the free explosion of quick-fried cave space for what explosion next time (being the blasting process in d to the f step) improved better quality.
In the above embodiment, leading quick-fried cave borehole 1 can be provided with arbitrarily, and is to improve to lead the demolition effect of quick-fried cave, describedly leads quick-fried cave borehole 1 and has even number, and two rear flank that are arranged symmetrically in fault plane 4 form rectangle.As shown in Figure 1, lead quick-fried cave borehole 1 and have six, be provided with three respectively in the both sides of fault plane 4, by this arrangement form, after leading quick-fried cave explosion, can fine cut-out fault plane 4, form new stress equilibrium leading quick-fried cave periphery, be beneficial to form to adopt after the borehole blasting of d to f step and cut the tunnel.Leading the size and Orientation of quick-fried cave can determine according to tomography size and direction.
In the above embodiment, the diameter of leading quick-fried cave borehole 1 is 45mm, and the degree of depth is 3500mm, and leading quick-fried emptying aperture 5 diameters is 100mm, and the degree of depth is 3500mm, and can make and obtain the degree of depth behind two separate explosions is that adopting about 3m to 3.5m cut the tunnel.After leading quick-fried cave borehole 1 formation, carry out the preceding preparation of powder charge, quick-fried cave borehole 1 position is led in measurement, whether the degree of depth meets the requirements; Then the borehole that bores is carried out scarfing cinder and draining, available long handle is drawn spoon and is drawn out the rock quarrel that intraocular leaves, and is entangled in cloth and draws on the spoon, and the water of intraocular is blotted; Or feed the eyeground with air pipe, utilize the rock quarrel and the moisture of calming the anger to blow out with intraocular.Preparation is finished laggard luggage medicine, must be according to calculating each good blashole charge amount filling in advance during powder charge.Charge constitution adopts continuous charging, total loaded length should not surpass eye dark 2/3.Need put into igniting primer in the powder charge process: the one, igniting primer often is placed on the second cartridge bag position on eyeground near the eyeground, and the detonator sockets for collecting energy is carried out indirect initiation towards the eye mouth; The 2nd, igniting primer is near first or second a cartridge bag position of eye mouthful, and the detonator sockets for collecting energy is carried out direct initiation towards the eyeground; The 3rd, igniting primer is placed on the blashole charge medium position carries out two-way detonating.At the heel tamping, stemming formed with sand and sticking scholar's mixed preparing after powder charge was finished, and its proportion is 3: 1, add 20% water, rub into diameter after mixing again and be slightly smaller than the stemming section of borehole diameter, then the stemming section is sent into borehole, with the tamper tamping of suitably pressurizeing.
In the above embodiment, periphery hole 3 preferably is arranged in apart from about excavated section edge 0.2m and locates; Easer 2 is arranged in the scope of leading between quick-fried cave and the periphery hole 3 equably according to the spacing and the suitable layout of number of periphery hole 3, and the jewel hole direction is then perpendicular to the roadway excavation face.Easer 2 carries out the preceding preparation of powder charge after forming with periphery hole 3, and quick-fried cave borehole 1 position is led in measurement, whether the degree of depth meets the requirements; Then the borehole that bores is carried out scarfing cinder and draining, available long handle is drawn spoon and is drawn out the rock quarrel that intraocular leaves, and is entangled in cloth and draws on the spoon, the water of intraocular is blotted, or feed the eyeground with air pipe, utilizes the rock quarrel and the moisture of calming the anger intraocular to blow out.After treating that preparation finishes and confirming that borehole is qualified, can carry out charging work, must be during powder charge according to calculating each good blashole charge amount filling in advance.Charge constitution is that avalanche eye, end eye, reliever are continuous charging, and periphery hole is spaced loading.In the easer 2 of drying and periphery hole 3, during powder charge, the foreskin of powder stick can be scratched a little crack with pocket knife, behind the borehole of packing into, before putting into igniting primer, compress, with the degree of packing of increase borehole with wooden big gun rod; In the borehole that water or humidity are arranged, can not adopt this method, in order to avoid the cartridge bag that breaks makes moist; Should take waterproof measure when water is very big or use emulsion instead.The riding position of igniting primer: the one, igniting primer often is placed on the second cartridge bag position on eyeground near the eyeground, and the detonator sockets for collecting energy is carried out indirect initiation towards the eye mouth; The 2nd, igniting primer is near first or second a cartridge bag position of eye mouthful, and the detonator sockets for collecting energy is carried out direct initiation towards the eyeground; The 3rd, igniting primer is placed on the blashole charge medium position carries out two-way detonating.In powder charge process, after putting into igniting primer in the borehole, then put into one, two common cartridge bag, compress gently with excellent rod again, the unavailable tamping igniting primer that goes with sudden force prevents from explosion accident early or the detonator payment to a porter is broken to cause to miss-fire; When adopting medicine in bulk, should put into igniting primer later on again, help quick-fried accident morning that prevents that factors such as static from causing at the 80-85% of the dose of packing into.At the heel tamping, stemming formed with sand and sticking scholar's mixed preparing after powder charge was finished, and its proportion is 3: 1, add 20% water, rub into diameter after mixing again and be slightly smaller than the stemming section of borehole diameter, then the stemming section is sent into borehole, with the tamper tamping of suitably pressurizeing.
In the above embodiment, for avoiding owing to dig, eliminate end bank, the distance between the sumper of periphery hole 3 is less than the distance between the tophole.As shown in Figure 1, sumper refers to the borehole of the base layout of arch among the figure, and tophole refers to other periphery hole 3 except that sumper.Be set to less than the distance between the tophole by the distance between the sumper of periphery hole 3, can improve and adopt the Forming Quality of cutting roadway floor, form the gradient consistent with design.
In the above embodiment, the axis of periphery hole 3 can be perpendicular to the excavation face, but under the situation that runs into utmost point hard formation, in order to improve the demolition effect to utmost point hard rock body, the eyeground of described periphery hole 3 tilts toward adopting the contour direction of cutting the tunnel.Its incline direction can improve and adopt the demolition effect of cutting the tunnel as shown in Figure 2, effectively controls backbreaking and owe and digging of drift section.
Claims (5)
1. driving is adopted the blasting method of cutting the tunnel under the extremely hard tomography condition, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, be drilled be arranged in fault plane (4) both sides lead quick-fried cave borehole (1);
B, in leading quick-fried cave borehole, arrange detonator, explosive;
C, ignition are led detonator, the explosive arranged in the quick-fried cave borehole and are obtained leading quick-fried cave;
D, be drilled with easer (2) around the quick-fried cave leading, around easer, be drilled with periphery hole (3);
E, in easer and periphery hole, arrange detonator, explosive;
Detonator, the explosive arranged in f, ignition easer and the periphery hole.
2. driving is adopted the blasting method of cutting the tunnel under the extremely hard tomography condition as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with in the zone of leading quick-fried cave borehole formation and lead quick-fried emptying aperture (5).
3. driving is adopted the blasting method of cutting the tunnel under the extremely hard tomography condition as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: lead quick-fried cave borehole (1) and have even number, two rear flank that are arranged symmetrically in fault plane (4) form rectangle.
4. driving is adopted the blasting method of cutting the tunnel under the extremely hard tomography condition as claimed in claim 3, and it is characterized in that: the distance between the sumper of periphery hole (3) is less than the distance between the tophole.
5. adopt the blasting method of cutting the tunnel according to driving under the described extremely hard tomography condition of any claim in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: the eyeground of described periphery hole (3) tilts toward adopting the contour direction of cutting the tunnel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201010137750 CN101846484A (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2010-04-02 | Blasting method of driving, mining and cutting drift under ultrahard fault |
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| CN 201010137750 CN101846484A (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2010-04-02 | Blasting method of driving, mining and cutting drift under ultrahard fault |
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| CN 201010137750 Pending CN101846484A (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2010-04-02 | Blasting method of driving, mining and cutting drift under ultrahard fault |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102445117A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-05-09 | 兰州大学 | V-notch blasting and smooth blasting combination control blasting procedure |
| CN102494572A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-13 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Blasting method for undermining and tunnelling in mode of distributing hollow holes at periphery and solid hole in center |
| CN102538601A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-07-04 | 云南文山斗南锰业股份有限公司 | Method for blasting marine sedimentary deposit |
| CN102607342A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Blasting method controlling damage of damage rings of tunnel |
| CN102607343A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Tunnel blasting excavation method |
| CN102758633A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-31 | 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 | Construction method for large- cross section tunnel with better condition of surrounding rock |
| CN104132592A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-11-05 | 山东华联矿业股份有限公司 | Heading pit secondary pressing top exploding method |
| CN105333777A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-02-17 | 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 | Ditching blasting method for deep open pit mine |
| CN105333779A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽理工大学 | Different-level millisecond underholing blasting technology for hard rock tunnel |
| CN105387775A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-09 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method and device for treating crossing fault of fully mechanized mining work face |
| CN109900175A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-18 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | The low damage blasting method of underground mine tunnelling |
| CN110514080A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-11-29 | 中建八局第三建设有限公司 | A kind of tunnel Zhang face blasting method |
| CN111692931A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-09-22 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | Intelligent hole distribution method for tunnel blasting |
| CN112945036A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-11 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Long-length-advancing drilling and blasting method for small-section tunnel |
| CN115406319A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-29 | 核工业南京建设集团有限公司 | Bottom air spaced charging structure and charging method |
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| CN102758633A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-31 | 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 | Construction method for large- cross section tunnel with better condition of surrounding rock |
| CN102758633B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2015-08-19 | 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 | The construction method of the good large cross-section tunnel of a kind of country rock situation |
| CN102445117B (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-10-08 | 兰州大学 | V-notch blasting and smooth blasting combination control blasting procedure |
| CN102445117A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-05-09 | 兰州大学 | V-notch blasting and smooth blasting combination control blasting procedure |
| CN102494572A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-13 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Blasting method for undermining and tunnelling in mode of distributing hollow holes at periphery and solid hole in center |
| CN102538601A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2012-07-04 | 云南文山斗南锰业股份有限公司 | Method for blasting marine sedimentary deposit |
| CN102607342B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2016-06-22 | 薛世忠 | A kind of tunnel damage circle destroys controlled blasting method |
| CN102607342A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Blasting method controlling damage of damage rings of tunnel |
| CN102607343A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Tunnel blasting excavation method |
| CN102607343B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2015-12-16 | 薛世忠 | Tunnel blasting excavation method |
| CN104132592A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-11-05 | 山东华联矿业股份有限公司 | Heading pit secondary pressing top exploding method |
| CN105333779A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽理工大学 | Different-level millisecond underholing blasting technology for hard rock tunnel |
| CN105333777A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-02-17 | 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 | Ditching blasting method for deep open pit mine |
| CN105387775A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-09 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method and device for treating crossing fault of fully mechanized mining work face |
| CN109900175A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-18 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | The low damage blasting method of underground mine tunnelling |
| CN109900175B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2021-12-17 | 南京宝地梅山产城发展有限公司 | Low-damage blasting method for underground mine roadway tunneling |
| CN110514080A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-11-29 | 中建八局第三建设有限公司 | A kind of tunnel Zhang face blasting method |
| CN111692931A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-09-22 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | Intelligent hole distribution method for tunnel blasting |
| CN111692931B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-07-05 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | Intelligent hole distribution method for tunnel blasting |
| CN112945036A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-11 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Long-length-advancing drilling and blasting method for small-section tunnel |
| CN112945036B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2024-03-12 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Drilling and blasting method for long-entering ruler of small-section tunnel |
| CN115406319A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-29 | 核工业南京建设集团有限公司 | Bottom air spaced charging structure and charging method |
| CN115406319B (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2023-11-24 | 核工业南京建设集团有限公司 | Bottom air spaced charging structure and charging method |
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Address after: Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, 617000 East Road two south of Pangang Group Engineering Technology Co Ltd Applicant after: Pan'gang Group Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. Co-applicant after: Pangang Group Steel Vanadium & Titanium Co., Ltd. Address before: 617000 No. 28, East Panzhihua Road, Sichuan, Panzhihua Applicant before: Pangang Group Metallugical Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. Co-applicant before: Pangang Group Steel Vanadium & Titanium Co., Ltd. |
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| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: PANGANG GROUP METALLUGICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. TO: PAN GANG GROUP ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |
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| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20100929 |