CN1212360A - Blasting method reaming technique of raise raising by longhole method - Google Patents

Abstract

The hole-enlarging process of blasting method in the raise driving by using deephole method is characterized by that on the designed empty hole position,drilling and cutting the blast hole whose hole diameter is identical to that of other cut hole and peripheral hole, then adopting the stepeed blasting method to enlarge said hole to the required hole diameter. Said invention greatly simplifies the hole-enlarging process, overcomes the defects of mechanical hole-enlarging process, reduces the cost for enlarging hole and further reduces the well-forming cost, and can promote the popularization and application of said safe and high-effective raise driving method-deephole method.

Description

Blasting procedure chambering process in the courtyard deep hole method driving

The present invention relates to the blasting method class, particularly the blasting procedure chambering process in the courtyard deep hole method driving.

As everyone knows, courtyard deep hole blasting drivage method is a kind of safe, upraise method efficiently, since 1961, this advanced upraise method has been adopted in domestic many mines, external many countries are also all promoting the use of the deep hole method, use more country that states such as Sweden, the former Soviet Union, Finland and Japan are arranged; By the difference of slotting form, it is the deep hole method of parallel-hole cut on the scope of freedom and the deep hole method of spheric cartridge funnel slotting that the deep hole method can be divided into the emptying aperture; Two kinds of methods are compared, because the funnel slotting does not need the major diameter emptying aperture, required big gun hole count is less, thereby not only its cost is corresponding lower, but also shortened the aperture time widely, in addition owing to be the funnel slotting, so the accuracy to the big gun hole requires also not as the parallel-hole cut height, therefore, parallel-hole cut has the possibility that is replaced by the funnel slotting very much, but, because the funnel slotting must be with emulsified oil explosive, bulk explosive or the dynamite of high density, high-power, and at present both at home and abroad the mine generally use be still ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture and AN-TNT containing explosive.Because the use of emulsified oil explosive, bulk explosive is very limited, nitroglycerine is too expensive again, and poor stability, the difficult preservation, in addition because the courtyard section that the funnel slotting requires is bigger, so by contrast, the home and abroad uses the deep hole method to become the mine of well at present, and major part is still used parallel-hole cut, so the deep hole method of further improving parallel-hole cut is very necessary; Fact proved, the deep hole method of parallel-hole cut is if adopt the major diameter emptying aperture, can reduce the via hole number, reduce explosive consumption, increase the permission deflection ranges in big gun hole, prevent adjacent hole destruction, increase the segment blast height, improve demolition effect, therefore, the aperture that should under the prerequisite that economy allows, as far as possible increase emptying aperture, at present, when using the deep hole method of parallel-hole cut, the major diameter emptying aperture all is to form with mechanical means both at home and abroad, its formation method has reaming and trepanning, adopts the Mechanical Method reaming to have following insoluble problem:

1, reaming or trepanning cost height, efficient are low;

2, reaming or trepanning need be equipped with special reaming bit or utensil;

3, the service life of reaming bit low, and sharply reduce along with the increase of emptying aperture diameter, for example, if with the hidden hole drilling perforation, when the emptying aperture diameter was 120mm, the life-span was 20-30m, and when the emptying aperture diameter was 150mm, the life-span was then reduced to 15-20m.

4, if with guider trepanning in parallel, as shown in Figure 1, owing to exist frictional force between guide post (1) and the drill bit (2), therefore, drill bit (2) relatively guide post (1) will produce all the time one with the identical moment of drill bit (2) direction of rotation, owing to the effect of moment, the emptying aperture of extracting (4) is twisted shape with the space correlation of original emptying aperture (3), as shown in Figure 2, this makes some hole section of emptying aperture in fact not play the major diameter emptying aperture, as shown in Figure 3; The life-span of adopting gear wheel to bore its broad of reaming is up to about 70m, and the low 22m that is less than, the reaming cost is up to more than 50-90 unit/m, and reaming speed is 0.78m/h～1.03m/h, this explanation is used gear wheel to bore reaming to exist cost height, efficient low too, the problem that cutter life is low.The problem of these existence has greatly limited the application of major diameter emptying aperture, so at present, the domestic mine of using the deep hole method driving courtyard of parallel-hole cut, it is Cut Blasting and few to use the major diameter emptying aperture to carry out, and urgent need solves the problem of above-mentioned existence.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly the problem that exists at chambering process in the deep hole method driving of above-mentioned parallel-hole cut, a kind of blasting procedure chambering process is provided, so-called blasting procedure chambering process, Drilling goes out and other keyhole and the same big gun hole directly of periphery hole, the aperture of with the method for segment blast this hole being expanded to requirement then on the emptying aperture position of design exactly

Technical conceive of the present invention:

According to purpose of the present invention, a kind of blasting procedure chambering process is provided, its principle is to find the test of being engaged in the research of rock blasting mechanism from people, rock mass is under the blast action of cartridge bag, comminuted fragmentation will take place in the part rock mass near cartridge bag, form explosion and pulverize district (5), claim the compressional zone again, pulverizing the district is crack district (6) in addition, and as shown in Figure 4, this is after detonating because of cartridge bag (7), several ten thousand atmospheric pressure that detonation gas forms surpass the rock dynamic compression strength out and away, and most of rocks show as fragility under impact loading, so be pressed into powder at the rock of compressional zone more, form explosion and pulverize the district; The minority elastoplastic rock is under the high pressure effect of detonation gas, be pressed into powder in the compressional zone and the plasticity compression takes place, therefore use the blasting procedure reaming, comminuted fragmentation or comminuted fragmentation and plasticity compression will certainly take place near the rock mass the hole wall, thereby reach the purpose of reaming.

Particular content of the present invention:

When adopting deep hole method driving courtyard, its big gun hole is made up of periphery hole, keyhole and emptying aperture, and the quantity in big gun hole is determined by the factors such as specification, shape, blasthole diameter and emptying aperture diameter of the courtyard that needs form; The aperture of periphery hole and keyhole is identical, and the length in big gun hole is the length of courtyard.The blasting procedure reaming is exactly a method of utilizing explosion, to be expanded into the major diameter emptying aperture with the emptying aperture in footpath with keyhole, periphery hole, its concrete grammar is: at first Drilling goes out and keyhole, the periphery hole hole in footpath together on the emptying aperture position of design, then according to the integrated degree of country rock, the hole is divided into the plurality of sections that length is 5-10m from bottom to top along hole depth (gets big value when country rock is complete, otherwise get the small value), blasting in groups reaming in every section; When waterfall breaks reaming, one section of each explosion, after each explosion, should measure the aperture after the explosion, if do not meet the requirements of the aperture, a chambering can be carried out again, so repeatedly in the section of same hole, until meeting the requirements of the emptying aperture diameter, after one of chambering section emptying aperture has reached requirement, can upwards carry out the explosion reaming of adjacent one section emptying aperture successively, until the reaming work of finishing whole emptying aperture, during chambering, by the emptying aperture about the 2m of courtyard top need not (can not) reaming, that is to say that reaming only need proceed to below the 2m of courtyard top, after the blasting procedure reaming is finished, can carry out explosion afterwards and become well work by design other keyholes of Drilling and periphery hole.

Embodiments of the invention:

1, intend the parameter of the courtyard of driving: specifications section is 2 * 2m ², 90 ° of the long 42.5m of courtyard, inclination angle; This courtyard adopts deep hole method driving, design big gun hole is arranged as shown in Figure 5, wherein (8) are that emptying aperture, (9), (10) are periphery hole for keyhole, (11), (12), (13), (14), and emptying aperture (8) diameter is 250～300mm, and keyhole (9), (10) diameter are 120mm;

2, explosion reaming step:

Earlier with the emptying aperture (8) of cheating interior rotary drill Drilling aperture 120mm on the emptying aperture position of design, after having bored the hole rig is moved on to the safe place, from bottom to top press the height of lift explosion reaming piecemeal of 5～7m then, when each hole section is carried out the explosion reaming, identical method is stopped up the lower end of intending the blast hole section when adopting with the explosion of one-tenth well, detritus slag about filling 300mm, load explosive and detonator then, detonator adopts electric cap or nonel tube, adorn medicine and all clogged water bag high about 1m or landwaste plug-hole on the explosive at last, the reaming of can detonating afterwards; Each hole section explosion for the first time, can adopt the powder stick that adapts with the explosion aperture, above for the second time explosion can longitudinally break the employing coupling charging with powder stick, after each explosion reaming, needs are measured the aperture after the explosion, if the end meets the requirements of the aperture, then need to carry out chambering in same hole section, until meeting the requirements of the emptying aperture diameter, after finishing the explosion reaming of a hole section, carry out the chambering work of the hole section in top more in the same way, so circulation, until proceeding to till below the well head 2m of top, promptly finish the explosion reaming work of whole emptying aperture; After explosion reaming work is finished, use big gun hole (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14) of rotary drill Drilling remainder to carry out explosion at last again and become well work.

3, chambering monomer test:

(1) country rock of test site is a gneiss, in hard, f=10-12, the rock globality is better;

(2) the used explosive of test is 2 ^#The ammonium nitrate rock explosive;

(3) result of the test sees Table 1

Table 1

Hole number	Former aperture (mm)	Explosion back aperture (mm)		Explosive payload (kg/m)
						Explosion for the first time	Explosion for the second time	Explosion for the first time	Explosion for the second time
		?1	????84	????122	????185					????5.18	????5.86
?2	????84					????120	?????—	????4.4	?????—
		?3	????84	????201	?????—					????4.14	?????—

As shown in table 1, carry out the chambering test in three holes altogether, former aperture is 84mm, hole number 1 ^#The back aperture of chambering for the first time is 122mm, consumes explosive 5.18kg/m; The metapore of chambering is for the second time expanded as 185mm via 122mm, explosive consumption 5.86kg/m; Hole numbers 2 ^#The back aperture of chambering for the first time is 120mm, consumes explosive 4.4kg/m; Hole numbers 3 ^#The back aperture of chambering for the first time is 201, consumes explosive 4.14kg/m.

Effect of the present invention:

The present invention and hidden hole drilling reaming and rotary drill reaming are carried out respectively economy relatively, and it the results are shown in Table 2 and table 3:

Hidden hole drilling reaming and the economic comparison sheet of blasting procedure reaming table 2

Sequence number	Project	Unit price unit	Mechanical Method (hidden hole drilling) reaming		The blasting procedure reaming
							Every meter consumption	Unit/m	Every meter consumption	Unit/m
			1	Fee of material
	Explosive (kg)	1.6							3～6	4.8～9.6
				Blasting cap (individual)	0.1							0.267	0.03
	Detonator (m)	0.1							5.33	0.53
				Blasting fuse (m)	0.15							0.53	0.08
	On-electric detonator (individual)	0.4							0.53	0.21
			2	Broad							5.6
3	Equipment depreciation							0.77
			4	Maintenance cost							0.38
5	Spare part takes							3.00
			6	Expenditure on power							10.98
7	Water rate							1.78
				Add up to							22.51		5.65～10.45

As shown in Table 2, when adopting the blasting procedure reaming, unit reaming expense adopts the hidden hole drilling reaming low: $\[1-(\frac{10.45}{22.51}~\frac{5.65}{22.51})\]\×100\%=53.6\%~75.8\%$

Rotary drill reaming and the economic comparison sheet of blasting procedure reaming table 3

Sequence number	Project	Unit price unit	Mechanical Method (rotary drill) reaming		The blasting procedure reaming
							Every meter consumption	Unit/m	Every meter consumption	Unit/m
			1	Fee of material
	Explosive (kg)	1.60							5～12	8～19.2
				Blasting cap (individual)	0.10							0.53	0.05
	Detonator (m)	0.15							10.07	1.01
				Blasting fuse (m)	0.15							1.07	0.16
	On-electric detonator (individual)	0.40							1.07	0.43
			2	Broad (individual)	1500	0.014～0.045					21.43～68.18
3	Equipment depreciation							5.55
			4	Maintenance cost							2.15
5	Wage							8.159		2.87
			6	Expenditure on power							2.01
7	Water rate							1.95
				Add up to							47.01～93.56		12.43～23.63

As shown in Table 3, when adopting the blasting procedure reaming, it is low that the comparable employing gear wheel of unit reaming expense bores reaming: $\[1-(\frac{23.63}{47.01}~\frac{12.43}{93.56})\]\×100\%=49.7\%~86.7\%$

The present invention simplifies chambering process greatly, solved the shortcoming that the Mechanical Method reaming exists, and the reaming expense can reduce greatly, make emptying aperture rock on every side produce many crackles during in addition owing to the blasting procedure reaming, weakened the intensity of this part rock greatly, so also can therefore reduce the consumption of explosive during Cut Blasting, thereby this technology will play certain impetus to safety, promoting the use of of upraise method efficiently-deep hole method.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is guider schematic diagram in parallel for Mechanical Method expands.

Fig. 2 is a correlation schematic diagram between Mechanical Method trepanning and former emptying aperture.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that concerns of trepanning orientation and former emptying aperture.

Fig. 4 is the breakoff phenomenon schematic diagram of rock mass under the cartridge bag effect.

Fig. 5 is deep hole method driving big gun hole design diagram.

(1) be that guide post, (2) are that drill bit, (3) are that trepanning, (5) are distinguished for pulverizing, (6) are that cartridge bag, (8) are periphery hole for emptying aperture, (9), (10) for keyhole, (11), (12), (13), (14) for crack district, (7) for original emptying aperture, (4).

Claims (1)

1, the blasting procedure chambering process in a kind of courtyard deep hole method driving, the big gun hole that courtyard deep hole method is dug well is made up of periphery hole, keyhole and emptying aperture, and the quantity in big gun hole is determined by the factors such as specification, shape, blasthole diameter and emptying aperture diameter of the courtyard that needs form; The aperture of periphery hole and keyhole is identical, and the length in big gun hole is the length of courtyard, it is characterized in that, utilize the method for explosion, on the emptying aperture position of design, Drilling goes out the big gun hole with other keyhole and the same footpath of periphery hole, the aperture of with the method for segment blast this hole being expanded to requirement then; Promptly be that Drilling goes out and keyhole, the periphery hole hole in footpath together on the emptying aperture position of design, then according to the integrated degree of country rock, the hole is divided into the plurality of sections that length is 5-10m (otherwise country rock integrality get big value get the small value), blasting in groups reaming in every section from bottom to top along hole depth; During the explosion reaming, one section of each explosion, should measure the aperture after the explosion after each explosion, if do not meet the requirements of the aperture, can in the section of same hole, carry out a chambering again, so repeatedly, until meeting the requirements of the emptying aperture diameter, after one of chambering section emptying aperture has reached requirement, can upwards carry out the explosion reaming of adjacent one section emptying aperture successively, until the reaming work of finishing whole emptying aperture, but during chambering, can not reaming by the emptying aperture about the 2m of courtyard top, after chambering is finished, can carry out explosion afterwards and become well operations by design other keyholes of Drilling and periphery hole.

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