CN105332035A - 一种轮毂涂装的方法 - Google Patents

一种轮毂涂装的方法 Download PDF

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CN105332035A
CN105332035A CN201510418481.2A CN201510418481A CN105332035A CN 105332035 A CN105332035 A CN 105332035A CN 201510418481 A CN201510418481 A CN 201510418481A CN 105332035 A CN105332035 A CN 105332035A
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paint
electrophoresis
electrocoating paint
wheel hub
temperature
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张乐
张胜超
王永宁
朱志华
李昌海
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CITIC Dicastal Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/189,129 priority patent/US10010907B2/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/04Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/002Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials the substrate being rotated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50Multilayers
    • B05D7/52Two layers
    • B05D7/53Base coat plus clear coat type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B21/00Rims
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/0026Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface
    • B60B7/0033Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface the dominant aspect being the surface appearance
    • B60B7/0046Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface the dominant aspect being the surface appearance the surface being plated or coated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/0026Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface
    • B60B7/0033Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface the dominant aspect being the surface appearance
    • B60B7/0053Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins characterised by the surface the dominant aspect being the surface appearance the surface being decorated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18After-treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2202/00Metallic substrate
    • B05D2202/20Metallic substrate based on light metals
    • B05D2202/25Metallic substrate based on light metals based on Al
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2900/00Purpose of invention
    • B60B2900/50Improvement of
    • B60B2900/572Visual appearance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/06Fastening arrangements therefor
    • B60B7/061Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted
    • B60B7/063Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted to the rim
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/06Fastening arrangements therefor
    • B60B7/061Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted
    • B60B7/065Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted to the disc
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/06Fastening arrangements therefor
    • B60B7/061Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted
    • B60B7/066Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted to the hub

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种轮毂涂装的方法,所述的方法包括以下的步骤:(1)将轮毂进行精车;(2)调配电泳漆,将电泳漆混合均匀;(3)将轮辐浸入到电泳漆液面下,并且将螺栓孔和中心孔保持在电泳漆外;以及(4)打开电源进行电泳,使得轮辐的精车位置全部覆盖电泳漆并且窗口颜色保持原有色漆颜色。在以上参数优化的情况下,使得电泳后产品外观好,无缩孔或漆膜粗糙等缺陷,能够满足汽车厂商对于电泳轮毂的外观要求。

Description

一种轮毂涂装的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及轮毂制造技术,具体地涉及一种轮毂涂装的方法。
背景技术
随着汽车制造业的发展和人民群众对物质文明和精神文明要求的日益提高,汽车制造商希望对汽车的外观进行更富有艺术感的设计和加工。轮毂作为汽车外观件之一,成为汽车制造商希望进行艺术感的设计和加工的重点部件之一。目前,对铝合金轮毂的艺术加工包括窗口的设计和轮毂轮盘面加工及上色。汽车设计工程师希望在铝合金轮毂表面的不同区域施加不同的颜色,从而造成独特的图案效果。
在轮毂表面施加不同的颜色时,可以采用精车(制造出金属原色表面)和喷涂(制造出各种颜色的表面)等方法来进行。然而,当轮毂制造工程师试图在铝合金表面的不同区域施加不同颜色时,遇到了一系列的问题。
铝合金轮毂的制造中,对表面色漆的耐热性能要求较高,多采用高温固化方式对色漆进行固化。这导致很难使用贴附遮盖方法来实现轮毂表面不同部位施加不同颜色。由于不同色漆对底粉层的附着力不同,较难将不同的色漆在不同步骤中连续喷涂到轮毂的表面。不同的色漆在施加到轮毂的轮盘表面时,可能由于先施加的色漆与后施加的色漆溶剂互溶,而导致色漆边缘出现不希望的过界和互溶现象。
电泳工艺在汽车车身、底盘件等领域早已成熟应用,但就轮毂而言,大家的思维主要还是集中在传统的高压空气喷涂或静电喷涂,因此没有想到将电泳与轮毂生产相结合,其技术参数也有待摸索。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种在精车后的轮毂表面上通过电泳来形成具有颜色的表面的方法。为了实现以上的发明目的,本发明提供了以下的技术方案:
在本发明的一个方面,提供了一种轮毂涂装的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法包括以下的步骤:(1)将轮毂进行精车;(2)调配电泳漆,将电泳漆混合均匀;(3)将轮辐浸入到电泳漆液面下,并且将螺栓孔和中心孔保持在电泳漆外;以及(4)打开电源进行电泳,使得轮辐的精车位置全部覆盖电泳漆并且窗口颜色保持原有色漆颜色。
在本发明优选的方面,在步骤(4)中,电泳电压为75-85V。
在本发明优选的方面,在步骤(4)中,电泳电压为80V。
在本发明优选的方面,在步骤(4)中,电泳时间为80~130s。
在本发明优选的方面,在步骤(4)中,电泳时间为120s。
在本发明优选的方面,在步骤(4)中,电泳漆的温度为20~30℃。
在本发明优选的方面,在步骤(4)中,电泳漆的温度为25℃。
在本发明优选的方面,在步骤(1)之前,还包括预处理、喷底粉、烘干、喷色漆和烘干的步骤。
在本发明优选的方面,步骤(4)按照电泳电压为80V,电泳时间为120s,电泳漆的温度为25℃的条件来进行。
电泳工艺原理,导电位置可泳上电泳漆,不导电位置无法泳上电泳漆,根据此特性,将轮毂喷涂底粉、色漆后,在进行精车,此时有漆位置不导电,精车后的区域因无漆而导电。电泳漆调配成期望的颜色后,将精车后轮毂倒置电泳槽内(注意安装面不要浸入电泳槽),通电后进行电泳,电泳完成后在清洗槽进行清洗并烘干,此时产品完成套色。
在以上参数优化的情况下,使得电泳后产品外观好,无缩孔或漆膜粗糙等缺陷,能够满足汽车厂商对于电泳轮毂的外观要求。
附图说明
以下,结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施方案,其中:
图1是按照实施例1的方法制备得到的轮毂正面照片;
图2是按照实施例2的方法制备得到的轮毂正面照片;
图3是按照实施例3的方法制备得到的轮毂正面照片;
图4是按照实施例4的方法制备得到的轮毂正面照片;
图5是按照实施例5的方法制备得到的轮毂正面照片;
图6是本发明中所使用的电泳槽的照片;
图7是本发明中所使用的清洗槽的照片;
图8是本发明中实施例2电泳后表面的整体照片;
图9是本发明中实施例2电泳后表面的局部照片;以及
图10是本发明中实施例2电泳后表面烘干后的局部表面照片。
具体实施方式
使用中信戴卡股份有限公司研发车间所生产的低压铸造铝合金车轮件进行本实施例的试验。将车轮进行预处理、喷底粉、烘干、喷色漆并且烘干。随后将烘干后的车轮进行精车加工,得到待电泳套色的轮毂。具体地,各个处理步骤的条件如下:
预处理:共14个槽体,其中:
1#为热水洗:温度40-50℃;
2#为预脱脂:温度55-65℃,喷淋压力0.1-0.15MPa,碱点:6-8;
3#为主脱脂:温度55-65℃,碱点:6-8;3#为主脱脂:
4#为水洗:温度室温,电导率<700μs/cm,pH:>7.0;
5#为水洗:温度室温,电导率<400μs/cm;
6#为水洗:温度室温,电导率<400μs/cm;
7#为酸洗:温度室温,浓度:5-7(酸点),铝点小于3g/L;
8#为水洗:温度室温,电导率<600μs/cm;
9#为纯水洗:温度室温,电导率<50μs/cm;
10#为钝化:电导率150-350μs/cm,pH:3.8-4.2活化点:1.5-2.5
11#为纯水洗:温度室温,电导率<30μs/cm;
12#为纯水洗:温度室温,电导率<15μs/cm;
13#为SAM:电导率:140-250μs/cmpH值:3.3-4.3,PO4-P:25-35mg/l;
14#为纯水洗:温度室温,电导率<10μs/cm。
喷底粉:使用8把枪,喷涂范围包括正、侧、背,厚度控制在100-120μm,每把枪的喷涂参数如表1所示:
表1:喷底粉的喷涂参数
枪号 电压 吐粉量 百分比
1 40-50 3.5-4.25 45-55%
2 40-50 3.5-4.25 45-55%
3 30-45 3.5-4.25 45-55%
4 40-50 4-4.5 45-55%
5 40-55 4.2-4.7 60-70%
6 30-45 4.5-5.0 50-60%
7 30-45 3.2-4.2 50-60%
8 50-65 4.5-5.5 70-80%
烘干1:采用天然气加热,工件烘烤温度为180℃×20min。
喷色漆:使用4把枪,喷涂范围包括正、侧上,厚度控制在8-12μm,每把枪的喷涂参数如表2所示:
表2:喷色漆步骤中的喷涂参数
空气枪 物料压力 雾化压力 扇形压力
1# 2.6-3.0 5-5.4 1.6-2
2# 2.8-3.4 4.4-5 2.0-2.8
3# 2.8-3.5 4.8-5.2 2.5-3
4# 2.5-3.0 4.8-5.3 2.5-3
实施例1
取前文所述的轮毂。选用的电泳漆为绿色电泳漆,购自PPG涂料有限公司。调配电泳漆,将电泳漆混合均匀。将轮辐浸入到电泳漆液面下,并且将螺栓孔和中心孔保持在电泳漆外。使用的电泳槽如图6所示。电泳电压为75V,电泳时间为100s,电泳漆的温度为23℃的条件来进行电泳。将得到的电泳后的轮毂进行烘烤处理,得到成品,其照片如图1所示。
实施例2
取前文所述的轮毂。选用的电泳漆为红色电泳漆,购自PPG涂料有限公司。调配电泳漆,将电泳漆混合均匀。将轮辐浸入到电泳漆液面下,并且将螺栓孔和中心孔保持在电泳漆外。使用的电泳槽如图6所示。电泳电压为80V,电泳时间为110s,电泳漆的温度为25℃的条件来进行电泳。将得到的电泳后的轮毂进行烘烤处理,得到成品,其照片如图2所示。
电泳后得到的轮毂的表面状态如图8-9所示。从表现局部细节的图9可以看到,电镀产品表面基本平整。在进一步烘烤得到成品后,从表现局部细节的图10可以看到,电镀产品表面颜色鲜艳,表面光滑,并且没有对不希望进行电镀的金属和色漆表面带来影响。
实施例3
取前文所述的轮毂。选用的电泳漆为橘黄色电泳漆,购自PPG涂料有限公司。调配电泳漆,将电泳漆混合均匀。将轮辐浸入到电泳漆液面下,并且将螺栓孔和中心孔保持在电泳漆外。使用的电泳槽如图6所示。电泳电压为80V,电泳时间为120s,电泳漆的温度为25℃的条件来进行电泳。将得到的电泳后的轮毂进行烘烤处理,得到成品,其照片如图3所示。
实施例4
取前文所述的轮毂。选用的电泳漆为蓝色电泳漆,购自PPG涂料有限公司。调配电泳漆,将电泳漆混合均匀。将轮辐浸入到电泳漆液面下,并且将螺栓孔和中心孔保持在电泳漆外。使用的电泳槽如图6所示。电泳电压为90V,电泳时间为125s,电泳漆的温度为28℃的条件来进行电泳。将得到的电泳后的轮毂进行烘烤处理,得到成品,其照片如图4所示。
实施例5
取前文所述的轮毂。选用的电泳漆为绿色电泳漆,购自PPG涂料。调配电泳漆,将电泳漆混合均匀。将轮辐浸入到电泳漆液面下,并且将螺栓孔和中心孔保持在电泳漆外。使用的电泳槽如图6所示。电泳电压为85V,电泳时间为120,电泳漆的温度为30℃的条件来进行电泳。将得到的电泳后的轮毂进行烘烤处理,得到成品,其照片如图5所示。
以上实施例1-5的产品表明,电源电压在80V,电泳时间为120s,电泳漆温度为25℃最好,主要表现在:
1)电压越高,电泳漆膜越厚,对于难以涂装的部位可相应提高涂装能力,缩短施工时间。但电压过高,会引起漆膜表面粗糙,烘干后易产生“橘皮”现象。电压过低,电解反应慢,漆膜薄而均匀,泳透力差。电压的选择由涂料种类和施工要求等确定。通过对不同电压进行验证,对比外观效果,最终确定适合戴卡的电压80v。
2)电泳时间:漆膜厚度随着电泳时间的延长而增加,但当漆膜达到一定厚度时,继续延长时间,也不能增加厚度,反而会加剧副反应;反之,电泳时间过短,涂层过薄。电泳时间应根据所用的电压,在保证涂层质量的条件下,越短越好。一般工件电泳时间为80s至130s,大型工件为3至4分钟。如果被涂物件表面几何形状复杂,可适当提高电压和延长时间。由于轮毂造型相对简单,同时只电泳正面,因此通过试验确定电泳120s即可。
3)涂料温度:涂料温度高,成膜速率快,但漆膜外观粗糙,还会引起涂料变质;温度低,电沉积量少,成膜慢,涂膜薄而致密。施工过程中,由于电沉积时部分电能转化成热能,循环系统内机械摩擦产生热量,将导致涂料温度上升。最终工艺确定在25℃。

Claims (9)

1.一种轮毂涂装的方法,其特征在于,所述的方法包括以下的步骤:(1)将轮毂进行精车;(2)调配电泳漆,将电泳漆混合均匀;(3)将轮辐浸入到电泳漆液面下,并且将螺栓孔和中心孔保持在电泳漆外;以及(4)打开电源进行电泳,使得轮辐的精车位置全部覆盖电泳漆并且窗口颜色保持原有色漆颜色。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,电泳电压为75-85V。
3.权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,电泳电压为80V。
4.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,电泳时间为80~130s。
5.权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,电泳时间为120s。
6.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,电泳漆的温度为20~30℃。
7.权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,电泳漆的温度为25℃。
8.权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)之前,还包括预处理、喷底粉、烘干、喷色漆和烘干的步骤。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)按照电泳电压为80V,电泳时间为120s,电泳漆的温度为25℃的条件来进行。
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