CN105282138B - 兴趣返回控制消息 - Google Patents

兴趣返回控制消息 Download PDF

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CN105282138B
CN105282138B CN201510380059.2A CN201510380059A CN105282138B CN 105282138 B CN105282138 B CN 105282138B CN 201510380059 A CN201510380059 A CN 201510380059A CN 105282138 B CN105282138 B CN 105282138B
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M·E·莫斯科
I·索利斯
E·尤祖
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    • H04L45/28—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
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    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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Abstract

一个实施例提供促进与在网络上传输的内容中心网络(CCN)消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理的系统。操作期间，所述系统通过第一节点接收对应于CCN消息的包，其中用于所述CCN消息的名称是分层结构化的可变长度识别符(HSVLI)，所述识别符包括从最一股层级到最特定层级排序的连续名称组分。响应于确定所述CCN消息触发错误状况，所述系统通过将数据结构预先搁置到所述CCN消息生成兴趣返回消息，其中所述数据结构指示所述错误状况。所述系统将所述兴趣返回消息传输到第二节点。

Description

兴趣返回控制消息
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及数字内容的分配。更确切地说，本发明涉及将CCN兴趣返回到先前跃点以促进与所述兴趣相关联的错误状况信息的处理。
背景技术
互联网和电子商务的扩增持续形成大量的数字内容。内容中心网络(CCN)架构已经设计为促进存取及处理此类数字内容。CCN包含实体或节点，例如网络客户端、转发器(例如，路由器)及内容产生者，其通过发送对于各种内容项目的“兴趣”包及接收返回的“内容对象”包而彼此通信。CCN兴趣和内容对象通过它们的唯一名称识别，所述名称通常是阶层结构可变长度识别符(HSVLI)。HVLI可包含从最常用层级到最特定层级排序的连续名称组分。
接收兴趣的CCN节点可能在处理兴趣时遇到错误。此类错误可包含不存在基于HSVLI或管理禁止的转发兴趣的可供使用的路由。转发器等遇到此类错误的网络实体通常不能够通知发送CCN节点所述错误。这形成网络中的低效率，因为接收CCN节点可以丢弃兴趣而无需告知发送节点或兴趣的反向路由路径中的任何其它节点。
发明内容
一个实施例提供促进与在网络上传输的内容中心网络(CCN)消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理的系统。操作期间，系统通过第一节点接收对应于CCN消息的包，其中用于CCN消息的名称是分层结构化的可变长度识别符(HSVLI)，所述识别符包括从最一般层级到最特定层级排序的连续名称组分。响应于确定CCN消息触发错误状况，系统通过将数据结构预先搁置到CCN消息生成兴趣返回消息，其中数据结构指示错误状况。系统将兴趣返回消息传输到第二节点。
在一些实施例中，CCN消息是兴趣消息。
在一些实施例中，系统通过第二节点接收兴趣返回消息并且确定待定兴趣表(PIT)是否含有对应于作为兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的兴趣消息的项。响应于确定含有对应的项的PIT，系统从PIT中移除对应的项并且在兴趣的反向路径上转发兴趣返回消息。
在一些实施例中，确定PIT是否含有对应于作为兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的兴趣消息的项是基于兴趣消息的HSVLI。
在一些实施例中，系统通过第二节点接收兴趣返回消息并且确定待定兴趣表(PIT)是否含有对应于作为兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的兴趣消息的项。响应于确定PIT含有对应的项，系统确定兴趣的替代转发路径是否存在。响应于确定替代转发路径存在，系统基于替代转发路径将兴趣消息转发到下一跃点节点并且丢弃兴趣返回消息。
在一些实施例中，错误状况与以下各项中的一者或一者以上相关联：没有对应于CCN消息的名称的可供使用的转发路由；对应于作为兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的CCN消息的待定兴趣表(PIT)项的存在时间的过期；拒绝的未指定原因；以及其最大传输单元(MTU)大于规定的最小MTU的CCN消息。
在一些实施例中，数据结构包括：新固定标头，其指示消息与兴趣返回消息相关联，其中所述新固定标头包含来自CCN消息的有效负载字段的长度；兴趣返回标头，其指示兴趣返回消息的原因；以及封装标头，其指示初始固定标头和来自CCN消息的一或多个可选标头，其中封装标头包含来自CCN消息的标头字段的长度。
在一些实施例中，系统生成用于兴趣返回消息的鉴别码，其中鉴别码是基于兴趣返回消息的一或多个字段以及由第一节点和第二节点预先协定的共享密钥。当将兴趣返回消息传输到第二节点时系统包含鉴别码作为预先搁置的数据结构的一部分。
附图说明
图1说明根据本发明的实施例促进与在网络上传输的兴趣消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理的示例性网络。
图2呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的用于处理兴趣包的方法的流程图，所述兴趣包通过生成和传输兴趣返回消息触发错误状况。
图3呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的用于接收和处理兴趣返回消息的方法的流程图。
图4呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的用于生成、认证和传输兴趣返回消息的方法的流程图。
图5呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的用于接收和认证兴趣返回消息的方法的流程图。
图6A说明根据本发明的实施例的CCN兴趣消息和对应的CCN兴趣返回消息的示例性格式。
图6B说明根据本发明的实施例的示例性CCN兴趣消息和对应的CCN兴趣返回消息返回消息。
图7说明根据本发明的实施例的用于包含兴趣返回鉴别码的CCN兴趣返回消息的示例性格式。
图8说明根据本发明的实施例的示例性计算机及通信系统，其促进与在网络上传输的兴趣消息相关联的错误状况的处理。
在图式中，相同参考数字指代相同图式元件。
具体实施方式
呈现以下描述以使所属领域的技术人员能够制备并且使用实施例，并且在特定应用以及其要求的背景下提供以下描述。所属领域的技术人员将易于了解对所揭示的实施例的各种修改，并且在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，本文中所定义的一般原理可以应用于其它实施例以及应用。因此，本发明不限于所示出的实施例，而是应被赋予与本文所揭示的原理以及特征一致的最广范围。
概述
本发明的实施例提供促进与在网络上传输的兴趣消息等内容中心网络连接(CCN)消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理的系统。在操作期间，第一CCN节点接收兴趣消息并且在处理兴趣时检测错误状况。错误状况可包含：不存在兴趣的名称的可供使用的路由；待定兴趣表(PIT)中的项的过期；兴趣的最大传输单元(MTU)并不符合所需的最小值；以及可以基于例如，内部能力限制、策略设置和管理禁止等的其它拒绝。出现错误状况处的CCN节点形成兴趣返回消息(也通常被称为控制消息)，方法是将数据结构预先搁置到初始兴趣消息中、完整的离开所述初始兴趣消息。预先搁置数据结构包含错误状况和额外标头。在一些实施例中，数据结构包含兴趣返回鉴别码，所述鉴别码由形成或转发兴趣返回消息的每个节点所产生。CCN节点随后在兴趣预先已经行进的反向路径上转发兴趣返回消息，所述消息包含预先搁置的数据结构和初始兴趣消息。
上游CCN节点接收兴趣返回消息并且基于包含在预先搁置数据结构中的错误状况处理兴趣返回消息。举例来说，如果错误状况指示不存在用于兴趣的路由，那么上游CCN节点可以确定对应的项存在于PIT中，并且，如果存在替代转发路径，那么上游CCN节点可以在替代转发路径上转发兴趣并且丢弃兴趣返回消息。如果不存在替代转发路径，那么上游CCN节点可以移除PIT项并且在用于兴趣的反向数据路径中将兴趣返回消息转发到先前跃点。如果兴趣返回消息包含鉴别码，那么上游CCN节点可以在处理兴趣返回消息之前验证所述包。
以下术语用于CCN架构：
内容对象：单个命名数据段，其绑定到唯一名称。内容对象为“持久性的”，这意味着内容对象可以在计算装置内或跨越不同计算装置四处移动，但是并不改变。如果内容对象的任何组成部分改变，那么造成所述改变的实体创建包含经更新内容的新内容对象，且将所述新内容对象绑定到新的唯一名称。
唯一名称：CCN中的名称通常是位置独立的并且唯一地识别内容对象。数据转发装置可使用名称或名称前缀以朝向生成或储存内容对象的网络节点转发包，而无论所述内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何。在一些实施例中，名称可为阶层结构可变长度识别符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以划分成若干阶层组成部分，其可以各种方式构造。举例来说，个体名称组成部分parc、home、ccn以及test.txt可以以左向前缀为主方式(1eft-oriented prefix-major fashion)构造以形成名称“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ccn”可为“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“亲代(parent)”或“前缀”。额外组成部分可用于区分内容项目的不同版本，例如协作文档。
在一些实施例中，名称可包含非阶层式识别符，例如从内容对象的数据(例如，校验和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的元素导出的杂凑值。基于杂凑的名称的说明描述于第13/847,814号美国专利申请案中。
名称还可以为平面标记(flat label)。下文中，“名称”用于指名称数据网络中的数据段的任何名称，例如阶层名称或名称前缀、平面名称、固定长度名称、任意长度名称或标记(例如，多协议标记交换(MPLS)标记)。
兴趣：包，其指示对于数据段的请求，且包含所述数据段的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可跨越信息中心网络散布请求或兴趣，CCN路由器可朝向可提供所请求数据以满足所述请求或兴趣的存储装置(例如，缓存服务器)或数据产生者传播所述请求或兴趣。
本文中所揭示的方法不限于CCN网络并且同样适用于其它架构。CCN架构的说明描述于第12/338,175号美国专利申请案中。
图1说明根据本发明的实施例促进与在网络上传输的兴趣消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理的示例性网络100。网络100可包含客户端装置116、内容产生装置118和路由器或节点102、104、106、108、110、112和114处的其它转发装置。节点可以是计算机系统、表示用户的端点和/或可以生成兴趣或产生内容的装置。举例来说，CCN节点102可以生成一条内容中的兴趣消息120，其中兴趣消息120包含固定标头A 122、可选标头A 124和CCN消息有效负载126。兴趣消息120被传输到中间CCN路由器104，继续传输到中间CCN路由器106，并且随后传输到CCN路由器110。CCN路由器110接收兴趣消息120并且确定兴趣消息120触发错误状况。路由器110生成兴趣返回消息130，方法是将数据结构140预先搁置到兴趣消息120。数据结构140包含固定标头B 132、兴趣返回标头134和封装标头136。数据结构140还可以包含兴趣返回鉴别码，所述鉴别码由形成或转发兴趣返回消息的每个路由器生成。CCN路由器110随后在兴趣的反向路径上传输兴趣返回消息130，例如，到CCN路由器106。
在接收兴趣返回消息130之后，CCN路由器106可以基于包含在预先搁置的数据结构140中的错误状况处理兴趣返回消息130。CCN路由器106可以确定用于兴趣的项是否存在于其待定兴趣表(PIT)中。如果确实如此，那么路由器106可以确定用于兴趣消息120的替代转发路径(例如，CCN路由器108可以作为PIT中的替代转发路径列出)或将兴趣返回消息130转发到CCN路由路径中的先前跃点(例如，CCN路由器104)。
图2呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的用于处理兴趣包的方法的流程图200，所述兴趣包通过生成和传输兴趣返回消息触发错误状况。操作期间，系统通过第一节点(例如，中间CCN路由器)接收对应于一条内容中的兴趣的包(操作202)。第一节点确定错误状况是否由所述兴趣触发(决策204)。如果没有触发错误状况，那么系统正常处理所述兴趣(例如，如第12/338,175号美国专利申请案中所描述)(操作206)。如果错误状况被触发(决策204)，那么系统确定错误状况被触发(操作208)。错误状况可包含：对于兴趣的名称没有可供使用的路由(“没有用于名称的路由”)；待定兴趣表(PIT)中的项的过期(“PIT超时”)；兴趣的最大传输单元(MTU)并不符合所需的最小值(“MTU不充足”)；以及其它未指定的拒绝(“其它拒绝”)。
如果触发的错误状况是没有用于名称的路由(操作210)、PIT超时(操作212)，或其它拒绝(操作214)，那么系统通过将数据结构预先搁置到兴趣消息生成兴趣返回消息，其中数据结构指示触发的错误状况(操作218)。在一些实施例中，PIT超时的错误状况仅用于测试网络并且在处理兴趣消息时不用作通过CCN转发器的错误状况。第一节点随后将兴趣返回消息传输到反向路由路径中的先前跃点(例如，先前中间CCN路由器或起始CCN节点)。
如果触发的错误状况是MTU不充足(操作216)，那么系统确定是否生成兴趣返回消息或丢弃包(决策222)。在一些实施例中，此错误状况指示兴趣需要分段。端到端CCN分段描述于第14/065,691号美国专利申请案和第14/067,587号美国专利申请案中。
如果系统确定生成兴趣返回消息，那么第一节点将指示错误状况的数据结构预先搁置到兴趣消息(操作218)并且随后将兴趣返回消息传输到反向CCN路由路径中的先前跃点节点(操作220)。如果系统确定丢掉兴趣，那么第一节点安静地丢弃兴趣(操作224)。
图3呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的用于接收和处理兴趣返回消息的方法的流程图300。操作期间，系统通过第二节点(例如，在用于兴趣的反向数据路径中的上游CCN转发器)接收对应于兴趣返回消息的包(操作302)。第二节点确定项是否存在于对应于在兴趣消息中指示的名称或HSVLI的其待定兴趣表(PIT)中(决策304)。如果PIT项并不存在，那么第二节点忽略兴趣返回消息(操作306)。如果PIT项确实存在，那么第二节点确定哪个错误状况指示在兴趣返回消息中(操作308)。如果所指示的错误状况不是用于名称的路由(操作310)、PIT超时(操作312)，或其它拒绝(操作314)，那么系统确定是否存在用于兴趣的替代转发路由(决策318)。PIT可以含有涉及兴趣可以在其上转发的一或多个路径的信息。如果存在替代转发路径，那么第二节点将基于替代转发路径转发兴趣(操作322)并且丢弃兴趣返回消息(操作322)。如果不存在替代转发路径(决策318)或如果指示的错误状况是MTU不充足的(操作316)，那么第二节点移除对应的PIT项(操作324)。如果第二节点(也称为接收节点)是起始兴趣的节点(决策326)，那么方法终止。如果第二节点不是起始节点，那么第二节点将兴趣返回消息传输到先前跃点CCN节点(操作328)。
图4呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的用于生成、认证和传输兴趣返回消息的方法的流程图400。操作期间，系统通过第一节点接收对应于兴趣消息的包(操作402)、确定触发哪个错误状况(操作404)并且通过将数据结构预先搁置到兴趣消息中生成兴趣返回消息，其中数据结构指示错误状况(操作406)。第一节点基于兴趣返回消息的一或多个字段和在第一节点与第二对等节点之间的秘密密钥交换中预先协定的共享密钥生成鉴别码(操作408)。包含鉴别码作为兴趣返回消息的预先搁置数据结构的一部分(参见下文的图7和相关讨论)(操作410)。此外，第一节点更新预先搁置数据结构的固定标头中的标头长度字段(参见图6A、6B和7)(操作412)。随后，第一节点传输包含第一鉴别码的兴趣返回消息到先前跃点CCN节点(操作414)。
图5呈现图示根据本发明的实施例的用于接收和认证兴趣返回消息的方法的流程图500。操作期间，第二节点(例如，CCN转发器)接收来自第一节点(例如，发送CCN节点)的对应于兴趣返回消息的包，其中兴趣返回消息包含第一鉴别码(操作502)。第二节点验证兴趣返回消息，方法是基于兴趣返回消息的一或多个字段和通过第二节点与发送节点预先协定的共享密钥生成第二鉴别码(操作504)。第二节点确定第二鉴别码是否与第一鉴别码匹配(决策506)。如果它们并不匹配，那么第二节点丢弃包，指示验证失败(操作508)。如果第二鉴别码确实与第一鉴别码匹配，那么系统进行关于图3描绘和描述的操作(未在图5中示出)(操作304-324)。更确切地说，第二节点确定对于兴趣是否存在对应的PIT项(决策304)、确定在兴趣返回消息中指示哪个错误状况(操作308)，并且基于错误状况(操作310、312、314和316)以及是否存在替代转发路径(决策318)，要么转发兴趣和丢弃兴趣返回消息(操作320和322)要么移除PIT项(操作316和324)。
返回到图5，第二节点(也称为接收节点)确定所述节点是否起始所述兴趣(决策510)。如果接收节点是起始节点，那么方法终止。如果接收节点不是起始节点，那么第二节点基于兴趣返回消息的一或多个字段和通过第二节点与另一对等节点预先协定的共享密钥生成第三鉴别码(操作512)。包含第三鉴别码作为兴趣返回消息的预先搁置的数据结构的一部分(参见下文的图7和相关讨论)(操作514)。此外，第二节点更新预先搁置的数据结构的固定标头中的标头长度字段(参见图6A、6B和7)(操作516)。随后，第二节点传输包含第三鉴别码的兴趣返回消息到先前跃点CCN节点(操作518)。
图6A说明根据本发明的实施例的CCN兴趣消息600和对应的CCN兴趣返回消息630的示例性格式。在一些实施例中，CCN兴趣消息600和CCN兴趣返回消息630是通过类型长度值(TLV)字段的串行化组格式化的。CCN兴趣消息(INT)600可包含固定标头A(FHA)660、可选标头A(OHA)662和CCN有效负载(PL)664。FHA660可包含：版本602字段，其指示相关协议的版本；包类型604字段，其指示CCN包的类型(例如，兴趣、内容对象或兴趣返回)；初始有效负载长度606字段，其指示PL 664的长度；跃点限制608字段，其指示剩余的跃点的数目并且可以在每个跃点处递减直至它达到零；保留610字段；以及初始标头长度612字段，其指示OHA662的长度。OHA662可包含涉及初始兴趣的TLV字段的可选设置，例如，优先级、服务质量或其它标记。PL 664可包含：字段类型616字段，其指示CCN消息的类型(例如，兴趣或内容对象)；消息长度618字段，其指示CCN消息的长度；以及CCN消息有效负载620字段，其含有CCN消息的有效负载。
CCN兴趣返回消息630可包含预先搁置的数据结构680和兴趣消息(INT)600。数据结构680可包含固定标头B(FHB)666、兴趣返回标头(IRH)668和封装标头(EH)670。FHB 666含有与FHA 660类似的字段：版本632字段，其指示相关协议的版本；包类型634字段，其指示CCN包的类型(例如，兴趣返回)；初始有效负载长度636字段，其指示PL 664的长度；跃点限制638字段，其指示剩余的跃点的数目并且可以在每个跃点处递减直至它达到零；以及保留630字段。FHB 666还含有标头长度642字段，其指示OHA 662的长度加上额外的20字节用于FHA 660(8字节)、EH 670(4字节)和IRH 668(8字节)的长度的总和。IRH 668可包含：字段类型644字段，其指示兴趣返回；长度646字段，其指示随后字段的长度；原因648字段，其指示兴趣返回的原因；以及保留650字段。EH 670可包含：字段类型652字段，其指示封装标头；以及标头长度654字段，其指示OHA 662的长度加上用于FHA 660的长度的额外的8字节。EH670因此包封FHA 660和OHA 662。
CCN兴趣返回消息630维持与固定标头A 660、可选标头A 662和CCN消息主体有效负载664的TLV格式的兼容性。举例来说，CCN兴趣返回消息630可以被描绘为包含FHB 666、可选标头(OHB)690和PL 664。OHB 690包含：预先搁置的数据结构680的IRH 668和EH 670；以及兴趣消息(INT)600的FHA 660和662。因为数据结构680是简单地预先搁置到INT 600的，所以兴趣返回消息630的FHB 666中的初始有效负载长度636保持与INT 600的FHA660中的初始有效负载长度606相同。此外，系统并不需要重写初始兴趣，因此当在网络上传输兴趣时促进错误状况信息的处理。
图6B说明根据本发明的实施例的示例性CCN兴趣消息和对应的CCN兴趣返回消息返回消息。图6B中的值对应于上文中关于图6A描述的字段。举例来说，FHA 660可包含：指示对应于“0”的协议的版本；类型“T_INTEREST”的包；“16”的有效负载长度；“27”的跃点限制；“0”的保留字段；以及“6”的初始标头长度。OHA 662可包含具有“2”的长度和“1000”的值的类型“T_PRIORITY”。PL 664可包含具有“12”的长度的“T_INTEREST”的字段类型，其包含长度“8”的类型“T_NAME”以及{长度“4”的类型“T_NAME_COMP”和“abcd”的值}的值。
FHB 666可包含：指示对应于“0”的与来自FHA 660的相同的协议的版本字段；类型“MSG_INTRTN”的包以指示兴趣返回消息；“16”的有效负载长度；已经递减到“26”的跃点限制；“0”的保留字段；以及包含OHA 662(6字节)加上额外的固定20字节的用于“26”的值的标头长度。IRH 668可包含：类型“T_INTEREST_RETURN”的包，其具有“4”的长度和对应于未指定的拒绝原因的“3”的值；以及值“0”的保留字段。EH 670可包含：类型“T_INTEREST_ENCAP”的字段，其具有包含OHA 662(6字节)加上额外的8字节的用于“14”的值的长度的标头长度。
图7说明根据本发明的实施例的用于包含兴趣返回鉴别码的CCN兴趣返回消息的预先搁置数据结构700的示例性格式。数据结构710包含固定标头B(FHB)666、鉴别码(AUTH)704、兴趣返回标头(IRH)668和封装标头(EH)670。在一些实施例中，CCN转发器使用对等密匙互换协议通过协商秘密密钥与其对等节点中的每一个验证兴趣返回消息。每个对等节点因此拥有作为密匙互换协议的一部分协商的唯一32位密钥标识。密钥标识识别特定的对等和秘密密钥。在一些实施例中，CCN节点通过基于兴趣返回消息的一或多个字段和秘密密钥生成鉴别码来验证兴趣返回消息。鉴别码可以基于消息认证码(MAC)，所述消息认证码是被用作输入共享密钥和以下兴趣返回消息的字段的加密杂凑：兴趣返回标头(IRH 668)；封装标头(EH 670)；以及来自初始兴趣消息的有效负载(PL 664)。
上文关于图6A描述了作为数据结构700的一部分示出的FHB 666、IRH 668和EH670。应注意数据结构700的标头长度702字段包含初始标头的长度、AUTH 704的长度和额外的20字节。AUTH 704可包含：值“T_INTEREST_AUTH”的类型720字段；包含消息认证码(MAC)的长度加上额外8字节的用于4字节密钥标识726字段和4字节序号728字段的总和的长度722字段；含有MAC的值724字段；密钥标识726字段；以及序号728字段。
图8说明根据本发明的实施例的示例性计算机及通信系统802，其促进与在网络上传输的兴趣消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理。计算机及通信系统802包含处理器804、存储器806和存储装置808。存储器806可包含易失性存储器(例如，RAM)，所述易失性存储器充当管理存储器并且可用于储存一或多个内存池。此外，计算机及通信系统802可以耦接到显示装置810、键盘812和指向装置814。存储装置808可以储存操作系统816、内容处理系统818和数据832。
内容处理系统818可包含指令，当通过计算机及通信系统802执行所述指令时可以使得计算机及通信系统802执行本发明中描述的方法和/或过程。具体来说，内容处理系统818可以包含用于接收对应于内容中心网络(CCN)消息的包的指令，其中用于CCN消息的名称是分层结构化的可变长度识别符(HSVLI)，其包括从最一般层级到最特定层级(通信机构820)排序的连续名称组分。内容处理系统818还可以包含用于确定CCN消息是否触发错误状况的指令(错误检测机构822)。内容处理系统818可包含用于通过将数据结构预先搁置到CCN消息生成兴趣返回消息的指令，其中数据结构指示错误状况(兴趣返回产生机构824)。
内容处理系统818可以进一步包含用于接收兴趣返回消息的指令，其中CCN消息是兴趣消息(通信机构820)，并且确定待定兴趣表(PIT)是否含有对应于兴趣消息的项并且从PIT中移除所述项(待定兴趣表机构828)。内容处理系统818可包含用于在兴趣的反向路径上转发兴趣返回消息的指令(通信826)。内容处理系统818可包含用于确定用于所述项的替代转发路径是否存在的指令(待定兴趣表机构828)并且还基于替代转发路径将兴趣消息转发到下一跃点节点(通信机构820)。内容处理系统818还可以包含用于丢弃兴趣返回消息的指令(兴趣返回处理机构826)。
内容处理系统818还可以包含用于生成用于兴趣返回消息的鉴别码的指令，其中鉴别码是基于兴趣返回消息的一或多个字段和通过网络中的两个节点预先协定的共享密钥的(鉴别码机构830)。内容处理系统818可包含指令以用于当将兴趣返回消息传输到另一节点时包含鉴别码作为兴趣返回消息的一部分(兴趣返回产生机构830)。
数据832可包含通过本发明中描述的方法和/或过程作为输入需要的或作为输出生成的任何数据。具体来说，数据832可以至少储存：对应于内容中心网络(CCN)消息的包；用于是分层结构化的可变长度识别符(HSVLI)的CCN消息的名称，其包括从最一般层级到最特定层级排序的连续名称组分；作为兴趣消息的CCN消息；对应于兴趣返回消息的包；对应于不可供使用的转发路由的错误状况的指示，所述不可供使用的转发路由对应于CCN消息或兴趣消息的名称；对应于待定兴趣表(PIT)项存在的时间的过期的错误状况的指示，所述待定兴趣表项对应于作为兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的CCN消息；对应于拒绝的未指定原因的错误状况的指示；以及对应于CCN消息的错误状况的指示，所述消息的最大传输单元(MTU)大于规定的最小MTU；待定兴趣表(PIT)；对应于兴趣消息或兴趣返回消息的PIT中的项；用于兴趣的替代转发路径；包含一个或多个固定标头、兴趣返回标头、鉴别码和封装标头的数据结构；指示消息与兴趣返回消息相关联的固定标头，其中固定标头包含来自CCN消息的有效负载字段的长度；兴趣返回标头，其指示兴趣返回消息的原因；封装标头，其指示初始固定标头和来自CCN消息的一或多个可选标头，其中封装标头包含来自CCN消息的标头字段的长度；秘密密钥；消息认证码(MAC)或用于兴趣返回消息的其它鉴别码，所述其它鉴别码是基于兴趣返回消息的一或多个字段和秘密密钥的。
此具体实施方式中所描述的数据结构及代码通常存储在计算机可读存储媒体上，所述计算机可读存储媒体可以是能存储由计算机系统使用的代码及/或数据的任何装置或媒体。计算机可读存储媒体包含但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁性以及光学存储装置，例如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用光盘或数字视频光盘)、或能够存储目前已知或稍后开发的计算机可读媒体的其它媒体。
在具体实施方式部分中所描述的方法和制程可以编码和/或数据形式实施，该编码和/或数据可以存储于如如上文所描述的计算机可读存储媒体中。当计算机系统读取并且执行存储于计算机可读存储媒体上的编码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行以数据结构以及编码形式实施且存储在计算机可读存储媒体内的方法以及程序。
此外，上文所描述的方法和过程可以包含在硬件模块或设备中。所述硬件模块或设备可包含但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、在特定时间执行特定软件模块或一段代码的专用处理器或共享处理器及现在已知或稍后开发的其它可编程逻辑装置。当硬体模块或设备启动时，这些硬体模块或设备执行其内部所包含的方法和程序。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于转发包的计算机实施的方法，所述方法包括：
通过第一节点接收对应于内容中心网络CCN消息的包，其中用于所述CCN消息的名称是分层结构化的可变长度识别符HSVLI，所述识别符包括从最一般层级到最特定层级排序的连续名称组分；
响应于确定所述CCN消息触发错误状况，通过将数据结构预先搁置到所述CCN消息生成兴趣返回消息，其中所述数据结构指示所述错误状况；以及
将所述兴趣返回消息传输到第二节点，
由此促进与在网络上传输的CCN消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理，
其中所述数据结构包括：
新固定标头，其指示所述消息与兴趣返回消息相关联，其中所述新固定标头包含来自所述CCN消息的有效负载字段的长度；
兴趣返回标头，其指示所述兴趣返回消息的原因；以及
封装标头，其指示初始固定标头和来自所述CCN消息的一或多个可选标头，其中所述封装标头包含来自所述CCN消息的标头字段的长度。
2.一种用于促进包的转发的计算机系统，所述系统包括：
处理器；以及
存储指令的存储装置，所述指令在通过所述处理器执行时使得所述处理器执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
通过第一节点接收对应于内容中心网络CCN消息的包，其中用于所述CCN消息的名称是分层结构化的可变长度识别符HSVLI，所述识别符包括从最一般层级到最特定层级排序的连续名称组分；
响应于确定所述CCN消息触发错误状况，通过将数据结构预先搁置到所述CCN消息生成兴趣返回消息，其中所述数据结构指示所述错误状况并且包括：
新固定标头，其指示所述消息与兴趣返回消息相关联，其中所述新固定标头包含来自所述CCN消息的有效负载字段的长度；
兴趣返回标头，其指示所述兴趣返回消息的原因；以及
封装标头，其指示初始固定标头和来自所述CCN消息的一或多个可选标头，其中所述封装标头包含来自所述CCN消息的标头字段的长度；以及
将所述兴趣返回消息传输到第二节点，
由此促进与在网络上传输的CCN消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的计算机系统，其中所述CCN消息是兴趣消息。
4.根据权利要求3所述的计算机系统，其中所述方法进一步包括：
通过所述第二节点接收所述兴趣返回消息；
确定待定兴趣表PIT是否含有对应于作为所述兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的所述兴趣消息的项；以及
响应于确定所述PIT含有所述对应的项：
从所述PIT中移除所述对应的项；以及
在所述兴趣的反向路径上转发所述兴趣返回消息。
5.根据权利要求4所述的计算机系统，其中确定PIT是否含有对应于作为所述兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的所述兴趣消息的项是基于所述兴趣消息的所述HSVLI。
6.根据权利要求3所述的计算机系统，其中所述方法进一步包括：
通过所述第二节点接收所述兴趣返回消息；
确定待定兴趣表PIT是否含有对应于作为所述兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的所述兴趣消息的项；
响应于确定所述PIT含有所述对应的项，确定所述兴趣的替代转发路径是否存在；
响应于确定替代转发路径存在：
基于所述替代转发路径转发所述兴趣消息到下一跃点节点；以及
丢弃所述兴趣返回消息。
7.根据权利要求2所述的计算机系统，其中所述错误状况与以下各项中的一者或一者以上相关联：
没有对应于所述CCN消息的所述名称的可供使用的转发路由；
对应于作为所述兴趣返回消息的一部分接收到的所述CCN消息的待定兴趣表PIT项的存在时间的过期；
拒绝的未指定原因；以及
其最大传输单元MTU大于规定的最小MTU的CCN消息。
8.根据权利要求2所述的计算机系统，其中所述方法进一步包括：
生成用于所述兴趣返回消息的鉴别码，其中所述鉴别码是基于所述兴趣返回消息的一或多个字段以及由所述第一节点和所述第二节点预先协定的共享密钥；以及
当将所述兴趣返回消息传输到所述第二节点时包含所述鉴别码作为预先搁置的数据结构的一部分。
9.一种储存指令的非暂时性计算机可读存储媒体，所述指令在由计算机执行时使得所述计算机执行方法，所述方法包括：
通过第一节点接收对应于内容中心网络CCN消息的包，其中用于所述CCN消息的名称是分层结构化的可变长度识别符HSVLI，所述识别符包括从最一般层级到最特定层级排序的连续名称组分；
响应于确定所述CCN消息触发错误状况，通过将数据结构预先搁置到所述CCN消息生成兴趣返回消息，其中所述数据结构指示所述错误状况；以及
将所述兴趣返回消息传输到第二节点，
由此促进与在网络上传输的CCN消息相关联的错误状况信息的处理，
其中所述数据结构包括：
新固定标头，其指示所述消息与兴趣返回消息相关联，其中所述新固定标头包含来自所述CCN消息的有效负载字段的长度；
兴趣返回标头，其指示所述兴趣返回消息的原因；以及
封装标头，其指示初始固定标头和来自所述CCN消息的一或多个可选标头，其中所述封装标头包含来自所述CCN消息的标头字段的长度。
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