CN105270292B - 控制对车辆内人机界面的访问的系统和方法 - Google Patents

控制对车辆内人机界面的访问的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN105270292B
CN105270292B CN201510415636.7A CN201510415636A CN105270292B CN 105270292 B CN105270292 B CN 105270292B CN 201510415636 A CN201510415636 A CN 201510415636A CN 105270292 B CN105270292 B CN 105270292B
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vehicle
driver
human
sensor
computer
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CN105270292A (zh
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亚当·伦纳德·范·维米尔斯
约翰·罗伯特·范·维米尔斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
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Abstract

一种车辆内计算机编程为确定驾驶员的手在车辆内的至少一个预定位置，所述至少一个预定位置包括方向盘上的位置，确定车辆乘客在相对人机界面的安全位置；以及向乘客提供对人机界面的访问，这样所述乘客可以访问驾驶员不可访问的计算机操作。

Description

控制对车辆内人机界面的访问的系统和方法
背景技术
例如汽车的车辆通常以车辆内计算机为特点，该车辆内计算机包括至少一个允许车辆驾驶员或其他乘员以各种方式与车辆内计算机交互的人机界面(HMI)。例如，车辆内计算机可以允许使用者拨打并接听电话，接收例如无线电台或其他音频的串流媒体，控制例如气候控制系统、媒体播放器等的各种车辆系统，与智能手机或类似装置上的应用程序交互，和/或使用例如导航应用程序的其他应用程序。然而，出于安全考虑，当车辆在运动时，对车辆内显示器或其他HMI的访问可能受到限制，例如，有限操作或没有操作可以使用，以最小化驾驶员分心的机会。然而，车辆驾驶员及他们的乘客可能由于对HMI及车辆计算机的访问的限制而沮丧，这些限制阻止没有忙于驾驶车辆的乘客通过HMI访问和/或执行特定操作。
附图说明
图1是用于控制对车辆HMI的访问的示例性系统的框图；
图2示出了用于控制对车辆HMI的访问的车辆内的示例性元件；
图3示出了包括用于检测乘客位置的传感器的车辆座椅的示例；
图4是用于控制对车辆HMI的访问的示例性过程的图。
具体实施方式
系统概述
图1是用于控制为用户与车辆101内的计算机105的交互提供的一个或多个HMI(人机界面)110的访问的示例性系统100的框图。计算机105可以例如通过车辆101内的通信总线接收指示车辆101的状态——例如车辆101是否正在运动、车辆101的速度等——的例如来自车辆101的传感器、控制器等的各种数据115。另外，数据115可以包括指示车辆101的驾驶员和/或乘客的位置的传感器数据。例如，参照图2，例如车辆101的方向盘205和/或变速杆手柄240的一个或多个接近车辆101的驾驶员的预先确定的位置可以包括例如心电图(EKG)传感器210的传感器210以提供驾驶员的手是否在方向盘205上的指示。另外或可选地，参照图2和3，车辆101的乘客座椅225可以包括传感器235以便确定乘客位置是否适于车辆101和/或HMI 110的安全操作。
基于前述和/或其他数据115，计算机105编程为确定一个或多个HMI 110是否应该置于限制驾驶员和乘客访问、限制驾驶员访问但是允许乘客访问、或者允许驾驶员和乘客访问的状态，因此确定驾驶员和/或乘客可以向计算机105提供什么样的输入116。另外，HMI110可以用于访问由服务器125和/或用户装置150通过网络120提供的应用程序，例如导航应用程序、通信应用程序、媒体应用程序等，可能地根据车辆101的状态、乘客位置和/或驾驶员的手相对车辆方向盘的状态控制这些访问。另外，在允许在例如智能手机150的用户装置上运行的应用程序控制前排座椅的HMI 110显示器或第二或第三排座椅的HMI 110显示器(例如后部DVD系统的屏幕或类似物)的车辆101内，如果装置150的应用程序检测到车辆101正要运动，这些装置150的应用程序控制功能通常是禁用的，和/或如果车辆101正在运动所述车辆HMI可以忽略来自智能手机装置150的命令。通过例如方向盘205内的传感器210的使用，如果传感器210检测到双手都在方向盘上或在例如车辆101的变速杆手柄或类似物的其他位置上，这些远程应用程序功能可以被允许，因此允许车辆101的乘客完全控制装置150的应用程序功能，即使车辆在运动中。
系统元件
车辆101计算机105总体上包括处理器和存储器，存储器包括一种或多种形式的计算机可读介质，并且存储可以由所述处理器可执行的指令以便执行包括在此公开的各种操作。计算机105的存储器另外总体上存储由车辆101控制器、传感器等收集的数据115。计算机105配置为用于在控制器局域网(CAN)总线或类似物和/或其他有线或例如蓝牙等的无线协议上通信，即，计算机105可以通过可以在车辆101内提供的和/或例如用户装置150的其他装置提供的的各种机构通信。计算机105还可以具有例如根据J1962标准的至车载诊断连接器(OBD II)的连接部。通过CAN总线、OBD-II控制器端口和/或其他有线的或无线的机构，计算机105可以向车辆内的各种装置发送消息和/或接收来自例如控制器、驱动器、传感器等的各种装置的消息。另外，计算机105可以配置为例如通过网络120与一个或多个远程服务器125通信，如下面描述的，网络120可以包括各种有线的和/或无线的网络技术，例如蜂窝、蓝牙、有线的和/或无线的分组网络等。
包括在计算机105内或与计算机105相关联的HMI 110可以包括各种公知的机构以便允许用户与计算机105交互。例如，HMI 110可以包括麦克风、扬声器、文转声、语音识别处理功能等以便允许与计算机105进行文字和/或语音交互，例如，以公知的交互式语音应答(IVR)系统的形式。另外，HMI 110可以包括视觉显示器、触摸屏或类似装置，例如下面参照图2讨论的显示器215，和/或其他输入/输出机构。
可以从各种装置获得数据115，例如摄像头、雷达、激光雷达、超声波传感器、加速计、重量传感器、位置传感器等。在一具体示例中，如下面参照图2所讨论的，可以从心电图(EKG)传感器210和/或位置传感器230获得数据115。又例如，车辆中的各种控制器可以作为数据收集器110运行以通过CAN总线提供数据115，例如，除了如上面提到的环境状况，与车辆速度、加速度、位置等有关的数据115。另外，传感器或类似物、全球定位系统(GPS)装置等可以包括在车辆中并且配置为例如通过有线的或无线的连接直接向计算机105提供数据115。
网络120代表一种或多种机制，通过该机制车辆计算机105可以与远程服务器125进行包括获得远程数据的通信。相应地，网络120可以是各种有线的或无线的通信机制中的一种或多种，其中包括有线的(例如电缆及光纤)和/或无线的(例如蜂窝、无线、卫星、微波和无线电频率)通信机制和任何期望的网络拓扑结构(或者当使用多个通信机制时的多个拓扑结构)的任何期望的结合。示例性通信网络包括提供数据通信服务的无线通信网络(例如，使用蓝牙，IEEE 802.11等)、局域网络(LAN)和/或包括互联网的广域网络(WAN)。
服务器125可以是一个或多个计算机服务器，每一个通常包括至少一个处理器及至少一个存储器，存储器存储由处理器可执行的指令，这些指令包括用于执行在此描述的各种步骤和过程的指令。服务器125可以包括或者可以可通信地连接到用于存储远程数据115的数据存储器130。
用户装置150可以是包括处理器及存储器以及通信功能的各种计算机装置中的任意一个。例如，所述用户装置155可以是包括使用IEEE 802.11、蓝牙和/或蜂窝通信协议的无线通信功能的便携式计算机、平板电脑、智能手机等。另外，所述用户装置150可以使用这些通信功能以通过网络120与车辆计算机105通信，和例如使用例如蓝牙的车辆内通信机制直接与车辆计算机105通信。相应地，计算机105可以控制对通过计算机105的HMI 110访问的装置150上的一个或多个应用程序的访问。
图2示出了用于控制对车辆HMI的访问的车辆101内的乘客舱200的一部分的示例性元件。图3示出了包括用于检测乘客位置的传感器235的车辆座椅225的示例。由图2可以看出，车辆101的方向盘205具有嵌入其中的传感器210。例如，传感器210可以是例如公知的用于训练设备的EKG传感器或类似物的那些。传感器210可以以公知的方式装配在方向盘205的表面上或其下面用于检测来自与人体部分——在该示例中，是车辆101的驾驶员的双手——接触的EKG信号。另外，一个或多个传感器210可以装配在在车辆101的安全运行过程中驾驶员的一只手或双手可以放在其上的另一个或几个位置，例如变速杆手柄240。
相应地，当传感器210检测到人的心跳时，心跳的指示可以例如通过如上所讨论的通信机制提供给计算机105。另外，传感器210可以指示在其上检测到人的心跳的方向盘205上的传感器210的具体位置。相应地，传感器210可以共同向计算机105提供信息以便确定是否没有、有一只或两只驾驶员的手稳固地握紧方向盘和/或变速杆手柄240等。
图2所示的传感器210可以与其他传感器结合或由其他传感器代替。例如，公知的电容式传感器或类似物可以包括在方向盘205、变速杆手柄240等上。在一个具体实施例中，电容式传感器可以装配在方向盘205的背面以补充EKG传感器210，由此，除了EKG数据115以外，计算机105可以使用来自电容式传感器的数据115以确定驾驶员的手是否稳固地在方向盘205上，或者驾驶员的手是否只是松散地或部分地在方向盘205上。例如，如果驾驶员在传感器210上放置其手掌，方向盘205背面上的电容式传感器可以向计算机105提供除了EKG数据115以外的指示驾驶员的手没有稳固地在方向盘205上的数据115。同样地，在方向盘205的前面及背面和/或周围的EKG传感器210和/或其他传感器的这些布置可以检测由驾驶员使用的用以消除HMI 110上的限制的机构，例如，从驾驶员的手到EKG传感器210的连接带等。
在另一附加或可替换实施例中，一组传感器210可以包括在HMI 110的屏幕及乘客车门把手中，这样车辆101的驾驶员的测量甚至不被涉及。例如，如果乘客将右手放在乘客内部车门把手上(即用于拉动而关上车门的把手)而左手被检测到在HMI 110的触摸屏上，然后来自这两个传感器210的EKG图谱可以作为参考点以允许从HMI 110触摸屏上执行否则被限制的特征。
如上所述，乘客座椅225可以包括例如嵌入座椅表面230的一个或多个传感器235以便确定座椅225中的乘客的位置。例如，传感器235可以是重量传感器或类似物，和/或可以包括为例如公知的用于为车辆安全系统——例如部署安全气囊或类似物的系统——确定乘客大小和/或重量的乘员分类系统(OCS)的一部分。另外，关于乘客存在和/或位置的数据115可以由其他机构提供，例如摄像头可以包括在车辆控制台220中，车辆控制台220总体上还包括显示器215。相应地，如图3所示，传感器235和/或例如一个或多个摄像头的其他机构可以用于确定乘客是否向前朝向车辆101的仪表、控制台220和/或显示器215不安全地倾斜。
示例性过程流程
图4是用于控制对车辆101的HMI的访问的示例性过程的图。过程400在框405开始，其中计算机105确定车辆101是否在运动。例如，通过CAN总线或类似物，计算机105可以接收指示车辆速度、方向等的信息。如果车辆101正在运动，则接下来执行框410。否则，过程400在框405继续(或者，尽管图4中未示出，应该理解的是如果计算机105和/或车辆101关闭则过程400可以结束)。
接下来，在框410，计算机105使用来自EKG传感器210的数据115确定是否可以在辨识为与车辆101的安全操作一致的预定位置检测到驾驶员的手，例如驾驶员的双手都在方向盘205上，第一只手在方向盘上而第二只手在变速杆手柄240上。另外，在一些实施例中，传感器210和/或其他传感器可以如上所述地布置以提供数据115，通过该数据计算机105可以确定驾驶员的手是否稳固地在方向盘205上和/或是否驾驶员手的全部，即手掌和手指均在方向盘205、变速杆手柄240等上，因此，如果没有，即使驾驶员的手部分地或松弛地在方向盘205、变速杆240等上，也可以在框410做出否定的判定。无论如何，框410的否定判定使过程400返回至框405。肯定的判定导致过程400前进至框415。
注意，当传感器210包括在变速杆手柄240中时，具有车辆101的驾驶员可以尝试回避系统100的风险，例如，通过将手或手腕放在变速杆240上，然而伸长手指以操作HMI 100的显示器215，或使用导电的带或类似物来将驾驶员的手连接到变速杆手柄240上同时允许驾驶员的手移动以操作显示器215。考虑到这一可能性，例如电容式触摸屏或类似物的显示器215可以包括传感器210或作为传感器210运行。从变速杆手柄240检测到的EKG传感器210信号可以与来自显示器215的EKG信号进行比较。如果这些信号实质上相匹配，则框410的判定总体上应该是否定的。
另外，在框410，计算机105可以编程为执行传感器210信号的验证。例如，计算机105可以编程为比较接收的EKG传感器210信号与存储的表示由人类预期的包括波动、不规律等的EKG信号的一个或多个图谱，人类产生的信号可能将包括这些波动、不规律，这与来自信号发生器的信号截然相反。另外，计算机105的存储器可以存储与具体驾驶员相关的一个或多个图谱，例如，基于随时间接收的和/或从外部来源存储的传感器210数据，并且比较这些存储的数据与从传感器210接收的数据。无论如何，如果计算机205确定接收到的传感器210数据与预定的图谱或图谱范围不相匹配，框410的判定可以是否定的。
在框415，计算机105确定前排乘客是否在安全位置上。例如，传感器235和/或例如上面所述的一个或多个摄像头的其他传感器可以用于确定在座椅225上的前排乘客是否距离车辆仪表板和/或中央控制台220足够的距离用于车辆101的安全操作和/或例如显示器215的HMI 100的操作。如果乘客在安全位置上，则接下来执行框420。否则，过程400返回至框405。
在框420，计算机105激活车辆101中的至少一个HMI 110的仅乘客部分。如上所述，计算机105可以编程为提供对一个或多个HMI 110的不同水平的访问。例如，当如上所述在框405检测到车辆运动，计算机105向车辆101的驾驶员及任意乘客提供限制水平的访问。也就是说，计算机105和/或HMI 110的第一组操作可能被允许，例如调整音频媒体的音量、接听电话等。然而，在驾驶员和乘客限制模式中，第二组操作可能被阻止，例如，访问导航系统、访问网页、发送或接收文字消息等。在框420，计算机105可以激活HMI 110的仅乘客部分，因此仍然可以允许车辆101的驾驶员通过HMI的限制的第一组操作，但是可以允许车辆101的乘客除了限制的第一组操作之外的通过HMI的第二组操作。另外，如上所述，计算机105可以允许在例如乘客的智能手机的装置150上运行的应用程序以执行否则将被禁止的操作。
紧随框420，在框425，计算机105确定驾驶员的手是否放在、围绕和/或稳固地放在方向盘205、变速杆手柄240等上。总体上以关于框410讨论的方式来执行框425。在过程400的一些实施例中，定期执行框425，例如每5秒钟、每10秒钟、每30秒钟等。也就是说，计算机105可以编程为将驾驶员的手为什么在非常短的时期内离开方向盘205的合理理由考虑在内。例如，驾驶员可能需要激活车辆101控制，例如方向灯、气候控制、灯、变速杆等。框425中的肯定判定导致过程400前进至框430，否定判定导致过程400前进至框440。
在框430，计算机105确定乘客是否在使用HMI 110的安全位置。总体上以关于框415讨论的方式执行框430。框430中的肯定判定导致过程400前进至框435，否定判定导致过程400前进至框440。
在框435，计算机105确定操作在框420提供对其的访问或扩展访问的HMI的乘客是否正在接收来自车辆101的驾驶员的过度指导。也就是说，驾驶员可能正在观看显示器215、收听来自HMI 110的语音输出等，并且正在向乘客提供用于HMI 110操作的命令和/或指令。这些驾驶员活动可能对车辆101的安全带来危险，例如，可能指示与在驾驶时实际操作HMI110导致的分心类似的驾驶员分心。可以由装配为速度识别的HMI 110检测驾驶员指导。例如，与用于HMI 110的命令或类似物相关的驾驶员声音的语调、讲话的音量、所说的若干词语和/或所说的与通过例如触摸屏的显示器215被呈现的选择相关联的特殊词语，可以指示过度的驾驶员指导。另外或可选地，可以使用摄像头或类似物确定驾驶员指导以辨识驾驶员长时间——例如3秒钟、5秒钟、10秒钟等——对显示器215或其他HMI元件的凝视。如果检测到过度的驾驶员指导，则接下来执行具有向乘员提供由于指导该功能已经被暂停的显示器通知或声音通知的选择的框440。否则，过程400前进至框445。
在可能紧随框425、430、435中的任意一个的框440，计算机105停用在框420激活的HMI 110的仅乘客的操作。紧随框440，过程400前进至框445。
在框445，计算机105确定过程400是否应该继续。例如，如果车辆不在运动中，例如车辆101的变速箱的“驻车”设置是啮合的，则过程400可以结束。在结束过程400的基础上，计算机105可以为车辆101的驾驶员和/或任意乘客重新恢复对一个或多个HMI 110的所有水平的访问，然而当车辆101正在运动时，计算机105可以根据乘客的位置和/或如上讨论的其他因素对车辆101的驾驶员以及乘客限制访问。
结论
例如在此讨论的那些计算装置总体上每一个都包括可由一个或多个例如上面列出的计算装置执行的并且用于执行上面讨论的过程的框或步骤的指令。例如，上面讨论的过程框可以实施为计算机可执行指令。
计算机可执行指令可以从使用多种编程语言和/或技术建立的计算机程序中编辑或翻译，这些编程语言和/或技术包括但是不限于单独的或组合的JavaTM、C、C++、VisualBasic、Java Script、Perl、HTML等。通常，处理器(例如，微处理器)接收例如来自存储器、计算机可读介质等的指令并且执行这些指令，因此完成包括一个或多个在此描述的过程的一个或多个过程。可以使用各种计算机可读介质存储并传输这些指令及其他数据。计算装置中的文件总体上是存储在例如存储介质、随机访问存储器等的计算机可读介质上的数据的集合。
计算机可读介质包括任何参与提供可以由计算机读取的数据(例如指令)的介质。这样的介质可以采取多种形式，包括但是不限于非易失性介质、易失性介质等。非易失性介质包括，例如光盘或磁盘以及其它永久存储器。易失性介质包括通常形成主存储器的动态随机访问存储器(DRAM)。计算机可读介质的常见形式包括，例如软盘(floppy disk)，可折叠磁盘(flexible disk)，硬盘，磁带，任何其它磁性介质，CD-ROM(光盘只读存储器)，DVD(数字化视频光盘)，任何其它光学介质，穿孔卡片，纸带，任何其它具有孔排列模式的物理介质，RAM(随机存取存储器)，PROM(可编程只读存储器)，EPROM(可擦除可编程只读存储器)，FLASH-EEPROM(闪速电可擦除可编程只读存储器)，任何其它存储芯片或内存盒，或任何其它计算机可读的介质。
在附图中，相同的附图标记指示相同的元件。另外，一些或所有这些元件可以改变。对于在此描述的介质、过程、系统、方法等，应该理解的是，尽管这样的过程的步骤等已经描述为按照特定的顺序发生，但这样的过程可以实践为以不同于在此描述的顺序来执行的所述的步骤。还应该理解的是，可以同时执行特定步骤，可以增加其它步骤，或者可以省略在此描述的特定步骤。换句话说，此处过程的描述用于说明特定实施例的目的，并且绝不应该被理解为限定所要求的本发明。
相应地，应该理解的是以上说明书旨在说明性的而非限定性的。在阅读以上说明书的基础上，除了提供的示例以外的许多实施例和应用对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。本发明的范围不应该参照以上说明书确定，而是应该参照权利要求连同这些权利要求享有的全部等同范围确定。可以领会并预期的是，未来的发展将出现在在此讨论的技术中，以及所描述的系统和方法将合并入这样的未来的实施例中。总之，应该理解的是本申请能够修改及变型并且仅仅由以下权利要求限定。
权利要求中使用的所有术语旨在被给予由所属领域的技术人员理解的它们最广义的合理解释和它们的普通含义，除非在此做出明确相反的指示。具体地，像“一个”、“这个”、“所述的”等单一冠词的使用应该解读为列举一个或多个指示的元件，除非权利要求列举了明确相反的限定。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于控制对车辆内人机界面的访问的系统，其包含车辆内计算机，所述车辆内计算机包含处理器及存储器，其中，所述车辆内计算机编程为：
确定驾驶员的手在车辆内的至少一个预定位置上，所述至少一个预定位置包括方向盘上的位置；
确定车辆乘客在相对人机界面的安全位置；
向所述乘客提供对人机界面的访问，这样所述乘客可以访问所述驾驶员不可访问的计算机操作；
根据语音识别处理来检测人的语音以确定所述驾驶员正在教导乘客有关人机界面的操作；以及
取消所述乘客对所述驾驶员不可访问的所述计算机操作的访问。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述至少一个预定位置还包括车辆变速杆手柄。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，还包括提供用于确定所述驾驶员的手是否在所述至少一个预定位置上的输入的多个传感器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统，其中，所述传感器包括多个心电图传感器以及至少一个电容式传感器中的至少一个。
5.根据权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述传感器包括所述人机界面的显示器内的传感器。
6.根据权利要求3所述的系统，其中所述计算机还编程为执行检验以确定来自所述传感器的信号是否代表人的心跳。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统，还包含提供用于确定乘客是否在安全位置的输入的多个传感器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述传感器包括重量传感器、摄像头及包括在乘员分类系统(OCS)中的传感器中的至少一个。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中确定所述驾驶员的手在所述至少一个预定位置上包括确定驾驶员双手的手掌和手指均在所述方向盘上。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述人机界面包括视觉显示器、触摸屏、扬声器及麦克风中的至少一个。
11.一种用于控制对车辆内人机界面的访问的方法，包含：
确定驾驶员的手在车辆中的至少一个预定位置上，所述至少一个预定位置包括方向盘上的位置；
确定车辆乘客在相对人机界面的安全位置；
向乘客提供对人机界面的访问，这样所述乘客可以访问所述驾驶员不可访问的计算机的操作；
根据语音识别处理来检测人的语音以确定所述驾驶员正在教导乘客有关人机界面的操作；以及
取消所述乘客对所述驾驶员不可访问的所述计算机操作的访问。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述至少一个预定位置还包括车辆变速杆手柄。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中多个传感器提供用于确定驾驶员的手是否在所述至少一个预定位置上的输入。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述传感器包括多个心电图传感器及至少一个电容式传感器中的至少一个。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述传感器包括所述人机界面的显示器内的传感器。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，还包含执行检验以确定来自所述传感器的信号是否表示人的心跳。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中多个传感器提供用于确定乘客是否在安全位置的输入。
18.跟剧权利要求17所述的方法，其中所述传感器包括重量传感器、摄像头及包括在乘员分类系统(OCS)中的传感器中的至少一个。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中确定驾驶员的手在所述至少一个预定位置包括确定所述驾驶员双手的手掌和手指都在所述方向盘上。
20.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述人机界面包括视觉显示器、触摸屏、扬声器及麦克风中的至少一个。
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RU2015128621A (ru) 2017-01-25
DE102015110941A1 (de) 2016-01-21
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US20160016473A1 (en) 2016-01-21
US9457816B2 (en) 2016-10-04

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