CN105265261A - Test cross parent field arranging and transplanting method - Google Patents
Test cross parent field arranging and transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105265261A CN105265261A CN201510670521.2A CN201510670521A CN105265261A CN 105265261 A CN105265261 A CN 105265261A CN 201510670521 A CN201510670521 A CN 201510670521A CN 105265261 A CN105265261 A CN 105265261A
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- parent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a test cross parent field arranging and transplanting method. In a test cross experimental field, different male parents are sequentially arranged at one end of a plot at an interval of 150-250cm, the same male parent is linearly transplanted along the east-west direction, two rows are transplanted in each seeding time period, the inter-row spacing is 20-25cm, and the spacing in each row of male parents is 10-15cm; and different female parents are sequentially arranged at the side of the male parents in dot at the other end of the plot, the line spacing of the male and female parents is not less than 20cm, the spacing of different female parents in the same seeding time period is 50-70cm, and the line spacing and the row spacing of the same female parent in the same seeding time period are respectively 20-25cm and 10-15cm. By adopting the method, the growth period of a test cross parent can be observed better, the agronomic trait of a parent to be tested can be identified, the scientific nature and accuracy of combination are ensured, the efficiency of combination is improved, and utmost possibility is provided for preparing strong-superiority combinations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field arrangement and the transplanting method of paddy rice.More particularly, the present invention relates to the field arrangement that can significantly improve parent's test cross combo efficiency and transplanting method.
Background technology
Rice heterosis utilization is one of Major Technology realizing increasing production of rice, is the important technical strategy ensureing China's grain security.Utilize in process Three-line rice is heterotic, three is supporting the use and assessing of (male sterile line, maintainer, restorer) material, be comparatively complicated, loaded down with trivial details and professional compared with a tool sport technique segment, selecting with test cross combination selection of parent is very important to the seed selection of influential point set.New male sterile line and a restorer, or both occupy the first group gas-mixing hybridization of one, cultivate the first generation of hybrid seed of small amount, and for breeding man qualification yielding ability, resistance and its use value of assessment, original cross process is wherein referred to as test cross.
As shown in Figure 1, in traditional test cross method, there is certain blindness in the plantation of tester, male parent needed for test cross combination and the arrangement of parent do not have rule, general is all sporadicly plant with the form of zonule, be scattered in different regions or field, identification is poor, this brings inconvenience to test cross work, and the inequality of zones of different or the distribution of field fertility also may affect considering of parent's economical character, cause the reduction of combo effect science, again, under field conditions (factors), the vigor of paddy pollen can only maintain about 5 minutes, the pollen plucking male parent back and forth also can because of dehydration in various degree, Pollen Activity decreases, affect Pollination Effect.
Summary of the invention
By the Breeding Practice of Three-line system Combination nova for many years, the present inventor has been found that, in the test cross error process of Combination nova, by carrying out scientific and reasonable field arrangement to tester and transplanting, the breeding time of tester can be observed better, the economical character of identification parent to be measured, ensure science and the accuracy of combo, improve combo efficiency, for strong advantage three is that the preparation of assorted round-grained rice Combination nova and screening provide possibility.Based on this discovery, complete the present invention.
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems referred to above and/or defect, and the advantage will illustrated at least is below provided.
A further object of the invention is field arrangement and transplanting method by providing a kind of tester, improves the Efficiency and accuracy of combo, more on purpose can carry out the combo of the combination with stronger advantage.
In order to realize according to these objects of the present invention and other advantage, provide field arrangement and the transplanting method of a kind of tester, it comprises the steps:
1) parent's seedling cultivation: will male parent R1, R2, R3 of the different cultivars of test cross be treated ... maternal A1, A2, A3 of Rn and different cultivars ... An carries out sowing work in seedling field simultaneously, and the male parent of same kind and female parent all set up two sowing time separately;
2) parent's shoot transplanting equipment: when parent's length of time rice seedlings grow in the first sowing time is 28 ~ 30 days, the equal robust growth of father and mother parent, balanced development, by two sowing time parent strengthen seedling and transplant to test cross field simultaneously, improve farming efficiency;
3) the field arrangement of tester: in described test cross field, different cultivars male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn is by the morning and evening order of expection heading, successively arrange apart from 150 ~ 250cm to each other along field one end, wherein, the male parent of same kind along east-west in linear transplanting, each sowing time transplants two row, and the spacing between row and row is 20 ~ 25cm, and the spacing in the rows often between row male parent is 10 ~ 15cm;
Maternal A1, A2, A3 of different cultivars ... An is by the morning and evening order of expection heading, edge and described different cultivars male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn arranges perpendicular trend, successively be arranged in the side of each male parent varieties in point-like from the field other end, so that the test cross between the male parent of same kind and different cultivars female parent, wherein the same kind female parent in two sowing time is arranged in male parent south and north flanks respectively
Wherein, the line space of Parent is not less than 20cm, and the different cultivars female parent in same sowing time is to each other apart from 50 ~ 70cm, and the spacing between the same kind female parent row in same sowing time and row is 20 ~ 25cm, and the spacing in the rows that often row is maternal is 10 ~ 15cm.
Preferably, wherein, described male parent is restorer, described female parent is male sterile line, in the male parent arrangement of same kind, the male parent in the second sowing time transplant first sowing time male parent in the south, the first sowing time and the second sowing time female parent transplant in the north side of same kind male parent and southern side respectively, to ensure that the parent in the second sowing time has good competitive growth environment after transplanting.
Preferably, wherein, step 1) described in the seeding quantity of Parent be 15kg/ mu, be beneficial to nurturing staff, ensure the growth quality of parental rice entirety in test cross field.
Preferably, wherein, step 1) described in two sowing time be spaced apart 8 ~ 12 days, to ensure that there be good meeting at the florescence of Parent greatly, the arrangement of time of described first phase sowing before normal activity 4 ~ 6 days, the arrangement of time of described second phase sowing after normal activity 4 ~ 6 days, produces not affect normal farming, thus is also convenient to effective arrangement of labour.
Preferably, wherein, in step 2) in, first transplant male parent, then transplant peripheral female parent, with the accuracy of the transplanting quality and parent's arrangement that ensure Parent.
Preferably, wherein, step 3) in the Transplanting Density of Parent be 20,000 caves/mu, to ensure parent's test cross efficiency and suitable density.
Preferably, wherein, step 3) in the transplanting amout of Parent be individual plant/cave, fully to ensure the growing ability that parent self is good and purity.
Preferably, wherein, step 3) in each sowing time each female parent transplant 3 caves, in del or rounded projections arranged, utilize the mathematical principles in 3 one-tenth faces, be beneficial to the fixing of hybridization bagging and wind resistance folding ability, the grouting being conducive to first-filial generation seed is substantial and ripe.
Preferably, wherein, step 3) described in male parent respectively stay 80 ~ 150cm along thing orientation two ends, walk in field when operating to facilitate test cross.
Preferably, wherein, when Parent flower synchronization, female parent not yet to be bloomed and after the clever shell being about to bloom cuts off 1/3 of top, the long 30cm that adapted 70 grams of brown paper are made, the hybridization special bagging of wide 8cm, plucks paternal pollen nearby and carry out pollination combo.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention is by carrying out scientific and reasonable field arrangement and transplanting to test cross male parent and female parent, enhance the identification of male parent, maternal economical character, growing environment and the ventilation effect of institute's combo Heshui rice plants can be improved, reducing the going mouldy of seed in hybridization bagging, establishing efficiently compared with the screening of influential point set for having, economy, accurately test cross technical system;
(2) the present invention can distinguish test cross combination and parent fast, thus can avoid that the leakage that may exist in traditional test cross procedure is joined preferably, reprovision, mispairing, improve science and the efficiency of test cross work;
(3) field of the present invention arrangement design is reasonable, is convenient to carry out pollination combo to the good different test cross combination of flower synchronization simultaneously, can increase combo quantity by a relatively large margin, and combo effect can improve more than 50%.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the field arrangement schematic diagram of parent in traditional test cross;
Fig. 2 is the field arrangement schematic diagram of tester in the present invention's example;
Fig. 3 is the field arrangement rough schematic of tester in another example of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Should be appreciated that used hereinly such as " to have ", other element one or more do not allotted in " comprising " and " comprising " term or the existence of its combination or interpolation.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shows according to a kind of way of realization of the present invention, and it comprises the steps:
1) parent's seedling cultivation: will male parent R1, R2, R3 of the different cultivars of test cross be treated ... maternal A1, A2, A3 of Rn and different cultivars ... An carries out sowing work in seedling field simultaneously, and the male parent of same kind and female parent all set up two sowing time separately;
Namely male parent R1 comprises male parent r2 and the male parent r2 ' in the second sowing time that the male parent r1 in the first sowing time and the male parent r1 ' in the second sowing time, male parent R2 comprised for the first sowing time, by that analogy, male parent Rn comprises male parent rn and the male parent rn ' in the second sowing time in the first sowing time;
Maternal A1 comprises the maternal a1 in the first sowing time and the maternal a1 ' in the second sowing time, maternal A2 comprise the maternal a2 in the first sowing time and the maternal a2 ' in the second sowing time, by that analogy, maternal An comprises the maternal an in the first sowing time and the maternal an ' in the second sowing time;
2) parent's shoot transplanting equipment: when parent's length of time rice seedlings grow in the first sowing time is 28 ~ 30 days, by two sowing time parent transplant to test cross field simultaneously;
3) the field arrangement of tester: more than the test cross field middle fertility of selection, better, other that may be subject to during to reduce parent's test cross disturbs, and ensures the good growth of tester for the row of filling and natural isolation condition.
With reference to Fig. 3, in described test cross field, according to experience in former years, by the morning and evening order of expection heading, the male parent R1 of different cultivars, R2, R3 ... Rn, successively transplants apart from 150 ~ 250cm to each other by reaching north in the south, maternal A1, A2, A3 of different cultivars ... An, successively transplant apart from 50 ~ 70cm to each other by the east of western adjacent male parent, wherein, the same female parent of Different Sowing Dates is transplanted in the both sides of same male parent in point-like respectively;
With reference to male parent R1, male parent R1 two sowing time r1 and r1 ' transplant 2 row along east-west respectively in linear, the male parent r1 ' in the second sowing time transplant first sowing time male parent r1 southern side, in same male parent R1, spacing between row and row is 20 ~ 25cm, and the spacing in the rows often between row male parent is 10 ~ 15cm;
In north side and the southern side of male parent R1, all 20cm is not less than with the line-spacing of described male parent, from maternal a1, a2, a3 of being arranged in sequence with for the first sowing time to the east of west respectively ... maternal a1 ', a2 ', the a3 ' in an and the second sowing time ... an ', so that same male parent R1 and different cultivars maternal A1, A2, A3 ... test cross between An;
Wherein, in the field arrangement of maternal a1, spacing between row and row is 20 ~ 25cm, and often the spacing in the rows of capable maternal a1 is 10 ~ 15cm, all the other maternal a2, the a3 in the first sowing time ... maternal a1 ', a2 ', the a3 ' in an and the second sowing time ... the arrangement mode of an ' self is with maternal a1;
All the other male parent R2, R3 ... the arrangement mode of Rn and arrangement mode maternal around thereof with male parent R1, wherein by reach in the south the Northern Dynasties to, the female parent of same kind is distributed on same straight line.
In such scheme, described male parent is restorer, and described female parent is male sterile line, wherein, step 1) described in the seeding quantity of Parent be 15kg/ mu, be beneficial to nurturing staff, ensure the growth quality of test cross field parental rice entirety.
In such scheme, step 1) described in two sowing time be spaced apart 8 ~ 12 days, to ensure that there be good meeting at the florescence of Parent greatly, the arrangement of time of described first phase sowing before normal activity 4 ~ 6 days, the arrangement of time of described second phase sowing after normal activity 4 ~ 6 days, produce not affect normal farming, thus be also convenient to effective arrangement of labour.
The step 2 of such scheme) in, first transplant male parent, then transplant peripheral female parent, with the accuracy of the transplanting quality and parent's arrangement that ensure Parent.
Step 3 in such scheme) in, the Transplanting Density of Parent is 20,000 caves/mu, to ensure parent's test cross efficiency and suitable density.
Step 3 in such scheme) in, the transplanting amout of Parent is individual plant/cave, fully to ensure the growing ability that parent self is good and purity.
The step 3 of such scheme) in, in each sowing time, each female parent transplants 3 caves, with reference to Fig. 2, maternal a1, a2, the a3 in the first sowing time ... maternal a1 ', a2 ', the a3 ' in an and the second sowing time ... an ' is respectively in del and rounded projections arranged, utilize 3 mathematical principles becoming face, be beneficial to the fixing of hybridization bagging and wind resistance folding ability, the grouting being conducive to first-filial generation seed is substantial and ripe.
The step 3 of such scheme) in, described male parent respectively stays 80 ~ 150cm along thing orientation two ends, with reference to Fig. 2, male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn is 80 ~ 150cm apart from the distance at field thing two ends respectively, walks when operating to facilitate test cross in field.
In such scheme, when Parent flower synchronization, female parent not yet to be bloomed and after the clever shell being about to bloom cuts off 1/3 of top, the long 30cm that adapted 70 grams of brown paper are made, the hybridization special bagging of wide 8cm, bagging is write clearly after cutting grain husk date and Parent title, package the maternal tassel after cutting grain husk, then carry out pollination combo through plucking paternal pollen nearby.
In order to effect of the present invention is described, inventor provides comparative experiments as follows:
< comparative example 1>
When female parent is transplanted, each issue each female parent transplants 3 caves, and in linear array, identical all with such scheme of all the other parameters, technical process is also identical.
Adopt this programme, in test cross field, after paddy rice maternal plant bagging, the ability of wind resistance folding improves 32%, the analysis to result affected to a certain extent.
< comparative example 2>
When parent is transplanted to test cross field, in every cave, transplant 2 ~ 3 strain male parent and female parents respectively.Identical with such scheme of all the other parameters, technical process is also identical.
Adopt this programme, maternal every total grain panicle number decreases more than 5%, and brings the inconvenience of impurity elimination pure keeping, and the mode of this transplanting single effectively can reduce the growth competition between plant, improves growth quality and the purity of tester.
Here the paddy rice tester treatment scale illustrated is used to simplify explanation of the present invention.The application of the arrangement of the field of tester of the present invention and transplanting method, modifications and variations be will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art.
Visible, the present invention is by carrying out scientific and reasonable field arrangement and transplanting to test cross male parent and female parent, enhance the identification of male parent, maternal economical character, growing environment and the ventilation effect of institute's combo Heshui rice plants can be improved, reducing the going mouldy of seed in hybridization bagging, establishing efficiently compared with the screening of influential point set for having, economy, accurately test cross technical system;
In addition, the present invention can distinguish test cross combination and parent fast, thus can avoid that the leakage that may exist in traditional test cross procedure is joined preferably, reprovision, mispairing, improve science and the efficiency of test cross work;
In addition, field of the present invention arrangement design is reasonable, is convenient to carry out pollination combo to the good different test cross combination of flower synchronization simultaneously, can increase combo quantity by a relatively large margin, and combo effect can improve more than 50%.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization.It can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely.For those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment.Therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.
Claims (10)
1. the field of tester arranges and a transplanting method, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) parent's seedling cultivation: will male parent R1, R2, R3 of the different cultivars of test cross be treated ... maternal A1, A2, A3 of Rn and different cultivars ... An carries out sowing work in seedling field simultaneously, and the male parent of same kind and female parent all set up two sowing time separately;
2) parent's shoot transplanting equipment: when parent's length of time rice seedlings grow in the first sowing time is 28 ~ 30 days, by two sowing time parent transplant to test cross field simultaneously;
3) the field arrangement of tester: in described test cross field, different cultivars male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn is by the morning and evening order of expection heading, successively arrange apart from 150 ~ 250cm to each other along field one end, wherein, the male parent of same kind along east-west in linear transplanting, each sowing time transplants two row, and the spacing between row and row is 20 ~ 25cm, and the spacing in the rows often between row male parent is 10 ~ 15cm;
Maternal A1, A2, A3 of different cultivars ... An is by the morning and evening order of expection heading, edge and described different cultivars male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn arranges perpendicular trend, successively be arranged in the side of each male parent varieties in point-like from the field other end, so that the test cross between same male parent and different cultivars female parent, wherein the same kind female parent in two sowing time is arranged in male parent south and north flanks respectively
Wherein, the line space of Parent is not less than 20cm, and the different cultivars female parent in same sowing time is to each other apart from 50 ~ 70cm, and the spacing between the same kind female parent row in same sowing time and row is 20 ~ 25cm, and the spacing in the rows that often row is maternal is 10 ~ 15cm.
2. the field of tester as claimed in claim 1 arranges and transplanting method, it is characterized in that, described male parent is restorer, described female parent is male sterile line, in the male parent arrangement of same kind, the male parent in the second sowing time transplant first sowing time male parent in the south, the first sowing time and the second sowing time female parent transplant respectively in the north side of the male parent of same kind and southern side.
3. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and transplanting method, is characterized in that, step 1) described in the seeding quantity of Parent be 15kg/ mu.
4. the field of tester as claimed in claim 1 arranges and transplanting method, it is characterized in that, step 1) described in two sowing time be spaced apart 8 ~ 12 days, the arrangement of time of described first phase sowing before normal activity 4 ~ 6 days, the arrangement of time of described second phase sowing after normal activity 4 ~ 6 days.
5. the field of tester as claimed in claim 1 arranges and transplanting method, it is characterized in that, in step 2) in, first transplant male parent, then transplant female parent.
6. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and transplanting method, is characterized in that, step 3) in the Transplanting Density of Parent be 20,000 caves/mu.
7. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 6 and transplanting method, is characterized in that, step 3) in the transplanting amout of Parent be individual plant/cave.
8. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 6 and transplanting method, is characterized in that, step 3) in each sowing time each female parent transplant 3 caves, in del or rounded projections arranged.
9. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and transplanting method, is characterized in that, step 3) described in male parent respectively stay 80 ~ 150cm along thing orientation two ends.
10. the field of tester as claimed in claim 1 arranges and transplanting method, it is characterized in that, when Parent flower synchronization, female parent not yet to be bloomed and after the clever shell being about to bloom cuts off 1/3 of top, the long 30cm that adapted 70 grams of brown paper are made, the hybridization special bagging of wide 8cm, plucks paternal pollen nearby and carries out pollination combo.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510670521.2A CN105265261B (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | The field arrangement of tester a kind of and method for transplanting |
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| CN201510670521.2A CN105265261B (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | The field arrangement of tester a kind of and method for transplanting |
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| CN105265261A true CN105265261A (en) | 2016-01-27 |
| CN105265261B CN105265261B (en) | 2018-01-12 |
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| CN106688876A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-24 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Combining and matching method of maize |
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| CN105265261B (en) | 2018-01-12 |
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