CN105265261B - The field arrangement of tester a kind of and method for transplanting - Google Patents
The field arrangement of tester a kind of and method for transplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105265261B CN105265261B CN201510670521.2A CN201510670521A CN105265261B CN 105265261 B CN105265261 B CN 105265261B CN 201510670521 A CN201510670521 A CN 201510670521A CN 105265261 B CN105265261 B CN 105265261B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of arrangement of the field of tester and method for transplanting, wherein in test cross field, different male parents are gradually arranged away from 150~250cm to each other along field one end, wherein, same male parent along it is east-west be in linear transplanting, each sowing time transplants two rows, and the spacing between row and row is 20~25cm, and often the spacing in the rows between row male parent is 10~15cm；The different maternal sides for being gradually arranged in each male parent in point-like from the field other end, the line space of Parent is not less than 20cm, for the difference female parent in same sowing time to each other away from 50~70cm, the same maternal line-spacing and spacing in the rows in same sowing time are respectively 20~25cm and 10~15cm.The present invention can preferably observe the breeding time of tester, recognize the economical character of parent to be measured, ensure the science and accuracy of combo, improve combo efficiency, and maximum possible is provided to prepare influential point set.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the arrangement of the field of rice and method for transplanting.It is more particularly related to it is remarkably improved parent
The field arrangement of this test cross combo efficiency and method for transplanting.
Background technology
Rice heterosis utilization, it is to realize one of Major Technology of increasing production of rice, is to ensure China's grain security
Important technical strategy.During the utilization of Three-line rice hybrid vigour, three systems (sterile line, maintainer, restorer) material
Support the use and assess, be one complex, cumbersome and relatively have professional sport technique segment, the selection of parent and test cross group
It is particularly important to close seed selection of the apolegamy to influential point set.A kind of new sterile line and restorer, or both occupy the first of one
Group gas-mixing hybridization, less amount of first generation of hybrid seed is cultivated, identify yielding ability, resistance for breeding man and assess its use value, its
In original cross process be referred to as test cross.
As shown in figure 1, in traditional test cross method, there is certain blindness, test cross combination in the plantation of tester
Required male parent and the no rule of the arrangement of parent, are typically sporadicly planted in the form of zonule, are scattered in different areas
Domain or field, identification is poor, and this brings inconvenience to test cross work, and different zones or the distribution of field fertility are not
Considering for parent's economical character may also can be influenceed, the scientific reduction of combo effect is caused, again, in natural conditions
Under, the vigor of paddy pollen can only maintain 5 minutes or so, and the pollen for plucking male parent back and forth can also be because of different degrees of dehydration, flower
Powder vigor decreases, and influences Pollination Effect.
The content of the invention
By the Breeding Practice of Three-line system Combination nova for many years, it has been found by the inventor that at new group
In the test cross error process of conjunction, arrange and transplant by carrying out scientific and reasonable field to tester, can preferably observe survey
The breeding time of parent is handed over, recognizes the economical character of parent to be measured, ensures the science and accuracy of combo, improves combo efficiency,
It is that the preparation of miscellaneous round-grained rice Combination nova and screening provide possibility for strong advantage three.Based on this discovery, the present invention is completed.
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above and/or defect, and provide at least will be described later it is excellent
Point.
A further object of the invention is the field arrangement and method for transplanting by providing a kind of tester, improves combo
Efficiency and accuracy, in order to more purposefully carry out with stronger advantage combination combo.
In order to realize according to object of the present invention and further advantage, there is provided a kind of arrangement of the field of tester and
Method for transplanting, it comprises the following steps：
1) parent's seedling cultivation：Male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn of the different cultivars of test cross and the female parent of different cultivars will be treated
A1, A2, A3 ... An carry out sowing work in seedling field simultaneously, and the male parent and female parent of same kind set up two sowings separately
Phase；
2) parent's shoot transplanting equipment：When parent's length of time rice seedlings grow in the first sowing time is 28~30 days, the equal robust growth of father and mother parent,
Balanced development, two sowing time parents are strengthened into seedling and transplanted simultaneously to test cross field, improve farming efficiency；
3) the field arrangement of tester：In the test cross field, different cultivars male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn are pressed
It is expected that the morning and evening order of heading, is gradually arranged away from 150~250cm to each other along field one end, wherein, the father of same kind
This along it is east-west be in linear transplanting, each sowing time transplants two rows, and the spacing between row and row is 20~25cm, often row male parent
Between spacing in the rows be 10~15cm；
The morning and evening order that maternal A1, A2, A3 ... An of different cultivars is eared as expected, edge and the different cultivars male parent
R1, R2, R3 ... Rn arrange perpendicular trend, are gradually arranged in the side of each male parent varieties in point-like from the field other end
Side, in order to the test cross between the male parent and different cultivars female parent of same kind, the same kind in two of which sowing time is maternal
Male parent south and north flanks are arranged in respectively,
Wherein, the line space of Parent is not less than 20cm, the different cultivars female parent in same sowing time to each other away from 50~
70cm, the spacing between the same kind female parent row in same sowing time and row be 20~25cm, often the maternal spacing in the rows of row be 10~
15cm。
Preferably, wherein, the male parent is restorer, and the female parent is sterile line, in the male parent arrangement of same kind,
The male parent transplanting in the second sowing time is in the south in the first sowing time male parent, and the first sowing time and the second sowing time female parent are transplanted respectively
The north side and southern side of same kind male parent, the parent to ensure for the second sowing time have good competitive growth environment after transplanting.
Preferably, wherein, the application rate of Parent described in step 1) is 15kg/ mus, beneficial to nurturing staff, is ensured
The overall growth quality of parental rice in test cross field.
Preferably, wherein, two sowing time described in step 1) at intervals of 8~12 days, greatly to ensure
The florescence of Parent have it is good meet, the arrangement of time of first phase sowing is 4~6 days before normal activity, institute
The arrangement of time of second phase sowing is stated 4~6 days after normal activity, is produced with not influenceing normal farming, so as to
It is easy to effective arrangement of labour.
Preferably, wherein, in step 2), male parent is first transplanted, then transplants the female parent of periphery, to ensure the shifting of Parent
Plant quality and the accuracy of parent's arrangement.
Preferably, wherein, the Transplanting Density of Parent is 20,000 caves/mu in step 3), to ensure parent's test cross efficiency
And suitable density.
Preferably, wherein, the transplanting quantity of the Parent in step 3) is individual plant/cave, to fully ensure that parent itself
Good growth ability and purity.
Preferably, wherein, each female parent transplants 3 caves in each sowing time in step 3), in del or triangle
Arrangement, using 3 points of mathematical principles into face, fixation and wind resistance beneficial to hybridization bagging roll over ability, are advantageous to first-filial generation seed
Grouting enrich and ripe.
Preferably, wherein, male parent described in step 3) respectively stays 80~150cm along thing orientation both ends, with convenient
Test cross is walked when operating in field.
Preferably, wherein, when Parent flower synchronization, the glume that female parent is not yet bloomed and will bloomed is cut off
Behind the 1/3 of portion, long 30cm that 70 grams of brown paper of adapted are made, wide 8cm hybridization special bagging, paternal pollen is plucked nearby and is entered
Row pollination combo.
The present invention comprises at least following beneficial effect：
(1) present invention by test cross male parent and it is maternal carry out scientific and reasonable field and arrange and transplanting, enhance male parent,
The identification of maternal economical character, the growing environment and ventilation effect for matching somebody with somebody combination water rice plants can be improved, reduce hybridization bagging
Interior seed is gone mouldy, and efficient, economic, accurate test cross technical system is established for the screening with compared with influential point set；
(2) present invention can quickly distinguish test cross combination and parent, so as to preferably avoid traditional test cross procedure
In leakage that may be present, match somebody with somebody again, mispairing, improve the science and efficiency of test cross work；
(3) field arrangement design of the present invention is reasonable, is easy to different test cross combinations simultaneously preferable to flower synchronization to award
Powder combo, increase combo quantity that can be by a relatively large margin, combo effect can improve more than 50%.
Further advantage, target and the feature of the present invention embodies part by following explanation, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Brief description of the drawings
The field that Fig. 1 is parent in traditional test cross arranges schematic diagram；
The field that Fig. 2 is tester in an example of the invention arranges schematic diagram；
The field that Fig. 3 is tester in another example of the present invention arranges rough schematic.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification text
Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be appreciated that such as " having ", "comprising" and " comprising " term used herein do not allot one or more
The presence or addition of individual other elements or its combination.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 shows a kind of way of realization according to the present invention, and it comprises the following steps：
1) parent's seedling cultivation：Male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn of the different cultivars of test cross and the female parent of different cultivars will be treated
A1, A2, A3 ... An carry out sowing work in seedling field simultaneously, and the male parent and female parent of same kind set up two sowings separately
Phase,；
That is male parent R1 includes the male parent r1 in the first sowing time and the male parent r1 ' in the second sowing time, male parent R2 are broadcast including first
The male parent r2 and the male parent r2 ' in the second sowing time of kind phase, by that analogy, male parent Rn includes the male parent rn and second in the first sowing time
The male parent rn ' in sowing time；
Maternal A1, which includes the maternal a1 in the first sowing time and the maternal a1 ' in the second sowing time, maternal A2, includes the first sowing
The maternal a2 of the phase and maternal a2 ' in the second sowing time, by that analogy, the maternal an and second that maternal An included for the first sowing time are broadcast
The maternal an ' of kind phase；
2) parent's shoot transplanting equipment：When parent's length of time rice seedlings grow in the first sowing time is 28~30 days, by two sowing time parents simultaneously
Transplant to test cross field；
3) the field arrangement of tester：It is more than the test cross field middle fertility of selection, the row of filling and naturally isolation condition
The other interference that may be subject to when preferably, to reduce parent's test cross, and ensure the good growth of tester.
Reference picture 3, in the test cross field, according to former years experience, the morning and evening order eared as expected, different cultivars
Male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn, gradually transplanted away from 150~250cm to each other by Nan Zhibei, the maternal A1 of different cultivars,
A2, A3 ... An, by gradually being transplanted away from 50~70cm to each other to the east of western adjacent male parent, wherein, Different Sowing Dates it is same
One is maternal respectively in point-like transplanting in the both sides of same male parent；
With reference to male parent R1, male parent R1 two sowing time r1 and r1 ' transplant 2 rows respectively along east-west in linear, and second broadcasts
Male parent r1 ' the transplantings of kind of phase in the first sowing time male parent r1 southern side, same male parent R1, spacing between row and row for 20~
25cm, often the spacing in the rows between row male parent is 10~15cm；
In male parent R1 north side and southern side, it is not less than 20cm with the line-spacing of the male parent, is arranged successively respectively to the east of west
Maternal a1, a2, a3 ... an and the maternal a1 ' in the second sowing time, a2 ', a3 ' ... an ' in the first sowing time are arranged, in order to
Test cross between same male parent R1 and different cultivars female parent A1, A2, A3 ... An；
Wherein, in maternal a1 field arrangement, the spacing between row and row is 20~25cm, and often capable maternal a1 spacing in the rows is
10~15cm, remaining maternal a2, a3 ... an and the maternal a1 ' in the second sowing time, a2 ', a3 ' ... an ' in the first sowing time
The arrangement mode of itself is the same as maternal a1；
Remaining male parent R2, R3 ... Rn arrangement mode and its arrangement mode of surrounding female parent are with male parent R1, wherein by south
To the Northern Dynasties to the female parent of same kind is distributed on same straight line.
In such scheme, the male parent is restorer, and the female parent is sterile line, wherein, Parent described in step 1)
Application rate be 15kg/ mus, beneficial to nurturing staff, ensure the overall growth quality of test cross field parental rice.
In such scheme, two sowing time described in step 1) at intervals of 8~12 days, greatly to ensure father and mother
This florescence have it is good meet, the arrangement of time of the first phase sowing is 4~6 days before normal activity, described the
The arrangement of time of second phase sowing is produced, so as to also allow for 4~6 days after normal activity with not influenceing normal farming
Effective arrangement of labour.
In the step 2) of such scheme, male parent is first transplanted, then transplants the female parent of periphery, to ensure the transplanting quality of Parent
With the accuracy of parent's arrangement.
In step 3) in such scheme, the Transplanting Density of Parent is 20,000 caves/mu, to ensure parent's test cross efficiency
And suitable density.
In step 3) in such scheme, the transplanting quantity of Parent is individual plant/cave, to fully ensure that parent itself is good
Growth ability and purity.
In the step 3) of such scheme, 3 caves of each maternal transplanting, reference picture 2, the mother in the first sowing time in each sowing time
This a1, a2, a3 ... an and the maternal a1 ' in the second sowing time, a2 ', a3 ' ... an ' are in respectively del and triangle
Arrangement, using 3 points of mathematical principles into face, fixation and wind resistance beneficial to hybridization bagging roll over ability, are advantageous to first-filial generation seed
Grouting enrich and ripe.
In the step 3) of such scheme, the male parent respectively stays 80~150cm, reference picture 2, father along thing orientation both ends
The distance of this R1, R2, R3 ... Rn away from field thing both ends is respectively 80~150cm, field expert during facilitating test cross to operate
Walk.
In such scheme, when Parent flower synchronization, the glume that female parent is not yet bloomed and will bloomed is cut off into top
1/3 after, long 30cm that 70 grams of brown paper of adapted are made, wide 8cm hybridization special bagging, write clearly on bagging cut the clever date with
After Parent title, the maternal tassel after cutting grain husk is packaged, then pollination combo is carried out through plucking paternal pollen nearby.
In order to illustrate the effect of the present invention, it is as follows that inventor provides comparative experiments：
<Comparative example 1>
When female parent is transplanted, each issue of 3 cave of each maternal transplanting, in linear array, remaining parameter all with such scheme
Identical, technical process is also identical.
Using this programme, the ability that wind resistance is rolled over after rice maternal plant bagging in test cross field improves 32%, certain
The analysis to result influenceed in degree.
<Comparative example 2>
When parent is transplanted to test cross field, 2~3 plants of male parents and female parent are transplanted respectively in every cave.Remaining parameter and above-mentioned side
Identical in case, technical process is also identical.
It is maternal to reduce more than 5% per total grain panicle number using this programme, and bring the inconvenience of impurity elimination pure keeping, Dan Benyi
The mode of cultivation can effectively reduce the growth competition between plant, improve the growth quality and purity of tester.
Rice tester treatment scale described herein is the explanation for simplifying the present invention.To the test cross of the present invention
The field arrangement of parent and the application of method for transplanting, modifications and variations will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art.
It can be seen that the present invention is arranged by the field scientific and reasonable to test cross male parent and maternal progress and transplanting, father is enhanced
Originally, the identification of maternal economical character, the growing environment and ventilation effect for matching somebody with somebody combination water rice plants can be improved, reduces hybridization set
Seed goes mouldy in bag, for the screening with compared with influential point set establishes efficient, economic, accurate test cross technical system；
In addition, the present invention can quickly distinguish test cross combination and parent, so as to preferably avoid traditional test cross method mistake
Leakage that may be present in journey, match somebody with somebody again, mispairing, improve the science and efficiency of test cross work；
In addition, field arrangement design of the present invention is reasonable, it is easy to different test cross combinations simultaneously preferable to flower synchronization to carry out
Pollinate combo, increase combo quantity that can be by a relatively large margin, combo effect can improve more than 50%.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed
With.It can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely., can be easily for those skilled in the art
Realize other modification.Therefore it is of the invention and unlimited under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range
In specific details and shown here as the legend with description.
Claims (9)
1. the field arrangement of tester a kind of and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) parent's seedling cultivation：To treat male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn of the different cultivars of test cross and the maternal A1 of different cultivars,
A2, A3 ... An carry out sowing work in seedling field simultaneously, and the male parent and female parent of same kind set up two sowing time separately；
2) parent's shoot transplanting equipment：When parent's length of time rice seedlings grow in the first sowing time is 28~30 days, two sowing time parents are transplanted simultaneously
To test cross field；
3) the field arrangement of tester：In the test cross field, different cultivars male parent R1, R2, R3 ... Rn are as expected
The morning and evening order of heading, is gradually arranged away from 150~250cm to each other along field one end, wherein, the male parent edge of same kind
East-west is in linear transplanting, and each sowing time transplants two rows, and the spacing between row and row is 20~25cm, often between row male parent
Spacing in the rows be 10~15cm；
Morning and evening that maternal A1, A2, A3 ... An of different cultivars is eared as expected order, along with the different cultivars male parent R1,
R2, R3 ... Rn arrange perpendicular trend, are gradually arranged in the side of each male parent varieties in point-like from the field other end, with
The test cross being easy between same male parent and different cultivars female parent, the same kind female parent in two of which sowing time are arranged in father respectively
This south and north flanks,
Wherein, the line space of Parent is not less than 20cm, and the different cultivars female parent in same sowing time is to each other away from 50~70cm, together
Spacing between the same kind female parent row and row in one sowing time is 20~25cm, and often the maternal spacing in the rows of row is 10~15cm；
Wherein, each female parent transplants 3 caves in each sowing time in step 3), in del or rounded projections arranged.
2. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that the male parent is recovery
System, the female parent are sterile line, and in the male parent arrangement of same kind, the male parent in the second sowing time is transplanted in the first sowing time male parent
The south, the first sowing time and the second sowing time female parent are transplanted in the north side of the male parent of same kind and southern side respectively.
3. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that father described in step 1)
Maternal application rate is 15kg/ mus.
4. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that two described in step 1)
Individual sowing time at intervals of 8~12 days, the arrangement of time of first phase sowing is described 4~6 days before normal activity
The arrangement of time of second phase sowing is 4~6 days after normal activity.
5. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that in step 2), first
Male parent is transplanted, then transplants female parent.
6. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that Parent in step 3)
Transplanting Density be 20,000 caves/mu.
7. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 6 and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that the father and mother in step 3)
This transplanting quantity is individual plant/cave.
8. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that father described in step 3)
This respectively stays 80~150cm along thing orientation both ends.
9. the field arrangement of tester as claimed in claim 1 and method for transplanting, it is characterised in that treat Parent florescence phase
During chance, female parent is not yet bloomed and after the glume that will bloom cuts off the 1/3 of top, the length that 70 grams of brown paper of adapted are made
30cm, wide 8cm hybridization special bagging, paternal pollen is plucked nearby and carries out pollination combo.
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| CN201510670521.2A CN105265261B (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | The field arrangement of tester a kind of and method for transplanting |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510670521.2A CN105265261B (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | The field arrangement of tester a kind of and method for transplanting |
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| CN105265261A CN105265261A (en) | 2016-01-27 |
| CN105265261B true CN105265261B (en) | 2018-01-12 |
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| CN106688876A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-24 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Combining and matching method of maize |
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| CN105265261A (en) | 2016-01-27 |
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