CN105264422A - 针对改进的滤色器饱和度的方法和装置 - Google Patents

针对改进的滤色器饱和度的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN105264422A
CN105264422A CN201480031376.7A CN201480031376A CN105264422A CN 105264422 A CN105264422 A CN 105264422A CN 201480031376 A CN201480031376 A CN 201480031376A CN 105264422 A CN105264422 A CN 105264422A
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洛恩·A·怀特黑德
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Wuxi Keling Display Technology Co ltd
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1677—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
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    • G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
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    • G02B5/20—Filters
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices

Abstract

一种包括反射增强层的反射式图像显示器被放置为邻近包括多个半球形突起的薄片，该反射增强层包括多个近似球形的凹口。这些球形凹口的曲率半径基本上与这些邻近定位的半球体的曲率中心相一致，以增强显示器的白色类纸式的外观，同时高效地使可选的滤色器能够产生饱和的色彩。

Description

针对改进的滤色器饱和度的方法和装置
相关申请
本申请要求于2013年5月22日提交的美国临时申请号61/826,236的提交日期权益，其全部内容结合于此。
技术领域
本披露涉及针对改进的滤色器饱和度的方法和装置。更具体地，本披露涉及用于通过全内反射产生具有白色外观的图像的增强型反射式显示器。
背景技术
半回归反射指近似宏观平面结构的反射属性，其中，该平面结构反射撞击它的光的大部分并且以特殊的方向特性这样做，尤其是针对在从垂直于该宏观平面结构的方向偏离小于约45度的方向的范围内的入射光。特殊的方向特性是：针对每束入射光线，反射光近似在相反方向向后(换言之，向后朝向起始点)传播，具有从该相反方向的偏差，该偏差宏观上是随机的并且主要地小于预定的最大偏差，其中，该预定的最大偏差小于约45度。此半回归反射展现了什么是经常称作的“光学增益”，意味着在普通照明和观看条件下其增加了表面的表观反射系数。此外，光从此结构反射的方式导致类纸式的白色外观。类纸式的白色外观通常优于在光学系统中正常观察到的展现光学增益的金属光泽。
半回归反射特性可以在结合了凸的或半球形的突起或半球体阵列的反射式显示器中被近似估计(应注意，将从今以后可互换地使用术语“凸突起”和“半球形突起”和“半球体”)。图1中所描绘的是具有面向观看者的向外前部表面102和包括多个半球形突起106的向内表面104的反射式显示器的前部薄片100，该反射式显示器借助于在单独的半球体108中的全内反射(TIR)反射光。如图2中的半球形阵列的局部放大详图中所描绘的，典型地在薄片100上仅约一半的入射光线被全内反射，妨碍了实现白色外观。在图2示例中，入射光线110(被描绘成实线)或者被全内反射并出射作为向后朝向观看者的反射光线112(被描绘成虚线)或者它们穿过黑色瞳孔区域作为非全反射光线114。入射光线110从垂直方向偏离约30度，其代表典型的操作条件，其中，高质量半回归反射被期望但未被实现，由于如之前例如在美国专利6,885,496中所解释的，光线114的大部分主要由于穿过非反射式黑色瞳孔区域而在半球体中未经历全内反射。
一种用于恢复穿过黑色瞳孔区域的光线114的大部分的方法是如在图3中所示的在半球形阵列下方放置平面反射式元件116以提高反射率。然而，尽管平面反射器能够导致大部分的入射光线110(被描绘成实线)经历净反射，但由平面反射器反射的大部分光线不具有期望的半回归反射特性并且出射作为替代地远离观看者和入射光源反射的光线118(被描绘成虚线)。如果入射光线是垂直于半球形阵列的平面向外表面入射的则可以通过在图3中所示的系统实现高光学增益，但这实际上具有有限的有效性。
另一种用于反射(但是是以半回归反射的方式)穿过如图2中所示的单独的凸的或半球形的突起的黑色瞳孔区域的光线的方法是在半球形阵列的下方放置反射式元件，从而使得其基本上向后朝光线的起始方向反射光。这可以通过结合了近似球形凹口阵列的反射式元件实现。这些近似球形凹口各自具有基本上与直接位于其上的半球体的曲率中心相一致的曲率半径。在本申请中所描述的本发明涉及以半回归反射的方式“回收”这类光线以增强基于TIR的显示器的亮度。此外，所描述的本发明使包括滤色器阵列的反射式彩色显示器中的高效率和高色彩饱和度成为可能。
附图说明
示例性实施例在这些附图的参考附图中展示。本文所披露的实施例和附图旨在被认为是说明性而非限制性的：
图1展示了半球形突起阵列的一部分；
图2展示了展现入射光线的一部分如何被全内反射并且一部分未被反射而通过这些单独的半球形突起的黑色瞳孔区域的半球形突起阵列；
图3展示了包括半球形突起阵列的反射式结构，展现了如何用平面反射式元件反射未被反射且穿过单独的半球形突起的黑色瞳孔区域的入射光线的一部分；
图4展示了包括半球形突起阵列的反射式结构，展现了如何用包括多个球形凹口的反射式元件回归反射未被反射且穿过单独的半球形突起的黑色瞳孔区域的入射光线的一部分；
图5展示了在光反射(即，白色)状态中结合了包括多个球形凹口的反射式元件的反射式显示器的一部分；
图6展示了在光吸收(即，黑色)状态中结合了包括多个球形凹口的反射式元件的反射式显示器的一部分。
具体实施方式
图4描绘了本文所描述的反射式结构，其中，放置在半球形阵列下方的反射式元件结合了近似球形凹口阵列，展示了如何半回归反射穿过黑色瞳孔区域的光线。图4描绘了具有面向观看者的向外表面102和背向观看者的向内表面104的透明薄片100。薄片100进一步包括多个凸突起或半球形突起或半球体106，其借助于在单独的半球体108中的全内反射(TIR)反射光。半球体108也可以是半球形焊珠或半焊珠。图4中的反射式结构进一步包括具有被放置在薄片100后面且与表面104相邻的反射式表面122的反射式元件120。反射式元件120包括多个球形凹口124，这些球形凹口中的每一个球形凹口具有基本上与直接位于其上的半球体的曲率中心相一致的曲率半径。这两个曲率半径之比影响与回归反射相关联的角度偏差的程度(其中，(球形凹口的曲率半径)/(半球体的曲率半径))。穿过薄片100的入射光线110(被描绘成实线)通常在大约一半的时间时在半球形突起108的表面104处被全内反射并且如在出射光线112(被描绘成虚线)中所看到的主要地被回归反射但是不一定直接向后朝向光源。未被全内反射的剩余光线114穿过单独的半球形突起108的黑色瞳孔并且在包括该多个球形凹口124的反射式元件的波形形状表面122处被半回归反射。不像在图3中所描述的平面反射式元件，其中，当入射光线的方向是在不垂直于所述平面反射式元件的表面的方向中时光线118远离光源反射，替代地光线114基本上被指引向后朝向通过其产生这些光线114的半球体并以半回归反射的方式出射作为被指引朝向光源的光线112。这些光线与全内反射光线组合以增强反射率。
图4中所描述的该结构可以被结合到反射式显示器中以增强显示器的反射系数和表观亮度。图5实施例描绘了将图4中的所描绘的反射式结构结合到反射式显示器中。图5中的显示器200包括透明前部薄片202，该透明前部薄片包括例如具有面向观看者的外表面204的玻璃或聚合物。显示器200进一步包括第二透明薄片206，该第二透明薄片包括例如形成腔208的玻璃或聚合物，其中，所述腔包括光学调制层。在薄片206与腔208相对的侧上是类似于在图4中所描述的反射式结构的后部反射式结构210。反射式结构210包括透明薄片212，该透明薄片212进一步包括多个凸突起或半球形突起(即，半球体)214，其借助于在单独的半球体216中的全内反射(TIR)反射光。该多个半球体214形成波形形状的表面218，其中，包括多个球形凹口具有反射表面222的反射式元件220被相邻放置。在一个实施例中，这两个曲率半径之比约为0.5至5(其中，(球形凹口的曲率半径)/(半球体的曲率半径)≈0.5-5)。在另一个实施例中，这两个曲率半径之比约为1至3。在另一个实施例中，这两个曲率半径之比约为1至2。尽管未示出，图5中的显示器200可以进一步包括可选的前灯。
图5中的显示器200的光学调制层208允许或阻止入射光穿过薄片206朝向后部反射式元件214。光学调制层可以包括基于不依赖于反射光的偏振的许多技术(如但不限于微电子机械系统(MEMS)、电湿系统或电泳地移动的粒子或其组合)的光闸。显示器200描绘了包括具有悬浮的电泳地移动的粒子226的液体介质224的光学调制层。在腔208内且位于透明薄片206的前部表面上的是电极层228，该电极层可以包括薄膜晶体管阵列、图案化的电极阵列或其组合。电极层228结合电压源(未示出)控制光学调制层。可以想象的是，电极层还可以位于与液体介质224相邻的滤色器层的后部表面上。显示器200进一步包括可选的滤色器阵列层230，该可选的滤色器阵列层进一步包括在图5中分别表示为R、G和B的红色、绿色和蓝色子像素。替代地，这些子像素可以是由青色、品红色和黄色组成。
如在图5中的显示器200中所描绘的，光学调制层被设置成透射光。施加适当极性的电压从而使得电泳地移动的粒子226在电极层228处在多个特定位置处定位或分组，从而使得其允许入射和反射光线232通过。入射光线由实线描绘而反射光线由虚线描绘。穿过显示器200的若干层的光线或者在凸突起或半球形阵列214处全内反射或者穿过单独的半球体216的黑色瞳孔区域。穿过黑色瞳孔的光线在反射式元件220的表面222处被回归反射，从而使得光线从其进入(即，起源)的方向基本上被反射向后朝向观看者，因此增强了显示器的表观亮度。
图5中示出的描述展示了本文所描述的总体设计的重要属性。不仅其实现了高效率(即，入射光线的高反射率)，而且回归反射特性导致被示出穿过绿色子像素过滤器的入射光基本上返回通过在滤色器层230中的同一个绿色子像素过滤器并向后朝向入射光的方向。这对于实现反射式彩色显示器中的高效率和高色彩饱和度是至关重要的。反射式结构210促进产生明亮的、白色的、类纸式的外观，同时高效地使滤色器能够产生饱和的色彩。这些特性被维持在大范围的入射观看角度上，提供了极好的人体工学的观看特性。
如在图6中的显示器200中所描绘的，包括包含悬浮的电泳地移动的粒子226的液体介质224的光学调制层被设置阻止光透射。在此示例中，通过施加适当极性的电场使这些粒子离开原地进入电极层228之上的基本上均匀的层中，从而使得穿过外透明薄片202和可选的滤色器层230的入射光线232被粒子层226吸收，从而阻止光线被反射回去而导致显示器的黑色状态。替代地，可以想象电极层228位于显示器200中的滤色器层230的向内表面上。
在本文所描述的显示器实施例中，它们可以用于多个应用中，如但不限于：电子书阅读器、便携式计算机、平板计算机、可穿戴设备、蜂窝电话、智能卡、标牌、手表、货架标签、闪存驱动器和室外广告牌或室外标牌。
以上所描述的实施例展示但不限制本申请。尽管上面已经讨论了许多示例性方面和实施例，但是本领域的技术人员将会认识到某些修改、置换、添加及其子组合。因此，本披露的范围仅由以下权利要求书限定。

Claims (21)

1.一种具有亮度增强结构的反射式显示器，该显示器包括：
一个第一光学透明薄片；
至少一个电极层；
一个第二光学透明薄片，该第二光学透明薄片具有一个表面，该表面进一步包括多个凸的或半球形的突起；
一个反射增强层，该反射增强层基本上半回归反射通过这些凸的或半球形的突起的这些黑瞳孔区域的光；
至少一个光调制层，其中，光被阻止或被允许通过；以及
一个电压源，该电压源用于可控制地调制该光学层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的反射式显示器，其中，该电压源是可切换的，以便：
在该光学调制层两端施加一个具有一种极性的电压以允许光通过；并且
在该光学调制层两端施加一个具有一种第二极性的电压以阻止光通过。
3.根据权利要求2所述的反射式显示器，其中，该反射增强层包括一个近似球形凹口阵列，其中，每个球形凹口进一步包括一个曲率半径，该曲率半径基本上与基本上位于该近似球形凹口阵列之上的该凸的或半球形的突起的曲率中心相一致。
4.根据权利要求3所述的反射式显示器，其中，一个球形凹口的曲率半径与一个半球形突起的曲率半径之比约为0.5至5。
5.根据权利要求3所述的反射式显示器，其中，一个球形凹口的曲率半径与一个半球形突起的曲率半径之比约为1至3。
6.根据权利要求3所述的反射式显示器，其中，一个球形凹口的曲率半径与一个半球形突起的曲率半径之比约为1至2。
7.根据权利要求3所述的反射式显示器，其中，该光学调制层包括一个电泳介质，该电泳介质进一步包括多个悬浮的带静电的吸收光的电泳地移动的粒子。
8.根据权利要求3所述的反射式显示器，其中，该光学调制层包括一个电湿系统。
9.根据权利要求3所述的反射式显示器，其中，该光学调制层包括一个微电子机械系统。
10.根据权利要求7所述的反射式显示器，其中：
通过施加一个具有一种极性的电压使这些电泳地移动的粒子移动而创造一个明亮状态；并且
通过施加一个具有一个第二种极性的电压使这些电泳地移动的粒子移动而创造一个黑色状态。
11.根据权利要求1所述的反射式显示器，进一步包括一个彩色滤光片阵列，该彩色滤光片阵列包括红色、绿色和蓝色子像素。
12.根据权利要求1所述的反射式显示器，进一步包括一个彩色滤光片阵列，该彩色滤光片阵列包括青色、品红色和黄色子像素。
13.根据权利要求1所述的反射式显示器，其中，至少一个电极层包括一个薄膜晶体管阵列。
14.根据权利要求1所述的反射式显示器，其中，至少一个电极层包括一个图案化阵列。
15.根据权利要求1所述的反射式显示器，进一步包括多个间隔物或多个间隔物焊珠。
16.根据权利要求7所述的反射式显示器，其中，这些电泳地移动的粒子包括一种有机材料或一种无机材料或一种有机材料与无机材料的组合。
17.根据权利要求7所述的反射式显示器，其中，该电泳介质包括一种碳氢化合物或一种碳氟化合物或一种碳氢化合物与碳氟化合物的组合。
18.根据权利要求1所述的反射式显示器，其中，具有包括多个凸突起或半球形突起的一个表面的该光学透明薄片可以通过以下各种方式中的任何一种方式形成：浮雕、蚀刻、模制、自组装、印刷、光刻或微复制。
19.根据权利要求3所述的反射式显示器，其中，包括多个球形凹口的该反射增强层可以通过以下各种方式中的任何一种方式形成：浮雕、蚀刻、模制、自组装、印刷、光刻或微复制。
20.根据权利要求1所述的反射式显示器，进一步包括一个前灯。
21.一种电子书阅读器、便携式计算机、平板计算机、可穿戴设备、蜂窝电话、智能卡、标牌、手表、货架标签、闪存驱动器、室外广告牌或室外标牌，包括根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的显示器。
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WO2014189751A1 (en) 2014-11-27
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