CN105263904B - 硫酸化低聚羟基羧酸酯及其用途 - Google Patents
硫酸化低聚羟基羧酸酯及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105263904B CN105263904B CN201480031409.8A CN201480031409A CN105263904B CN 105263904 B CN105263904 B CN 105263904B CN 201480031409 A CN201480031409 A CN 201480031409A CN 105263904 B CN105263904 B CN 105263904B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C309/17—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/20—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing sulfur, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], docusate, sodium lauryl sulfate or aminosulfonic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
- A61K8/466—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfonic acid derivatives; Salts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/007—Preparations for dry skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q9/00—Preparations for removing hair or for aiding hair removal
- A61Q9/02—Shaving preparations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/02—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof
- C07C303/18—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof by reaction of sulfides with compounds having functional groups with formation of sulfo or halosulfonyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/24—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfuric acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C305/00—Esters of sulfuric acids
- C07C305/02—Esters of sulfuric acids having oxygen atoms of sulfate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton
- C07C305/04—Esters of sulfuric acids having oxygen atoms of sulfate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及硫酸化低聚羟基羧酸酯,含有这些酯的化妆品和药物组合物,以及这些酯作为阴离子表面活性剂的用途。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及硫酸化低聚羟基羧酸酯,含有这些酯的化妆品和药物组合物,以及这些酯作为阴离子表面活性剂的用途。
现有技术
阴离子表面活性剂属于最广泛使用的界面活性化合物,并且除了用于洗涤剂和清洁剂中之外,也广泛用于化妆品领域中。主要用于化妆品中的常规阴离子表面活性剂是烷基醚硫酸酯的盐(烷基聚醚硫酸盐,脂肪醇聚二醇醚硫酸盐,也简称为醚硫酸盐)。它们的特征在于具有强发泡能力,高清洁强度,低的固化和脂肪敏感性,并且通常用于制备化妆品产品,例如头发洗发剂、泡沫或淋浴液,也用于手工洗碟洗涤剂中。
对于许多目前的应用而言,除了具有优良的界面活性效果,对于阴离子表面活性剂还有其它要求。尤其在化妆品中,通常要求高的皮肤学相容性。此外,一般希望足够高的水溶性,与尽可能多的在化妆品中所用活性成分和助剂之间的优良相容性,优良的泡沫形成能力和优良的流变行为。此外,需要可以至少部分地从生物来源和尤其从可更新原料制备的阴离子表面活性剂。此外,还需要不具有烷氧基化基团的表面活性剂,因此尤其不需要在其制备中使用环氧乙烷。
EP 0 530 866A1描述了硫酸化链烷羧酸酯及其作为表面活性物质的用途,其在与皮肤接触时水解并释放活性组分(例如羟基羧酸酯)。
DE 40 03 096A1描述了硫酸化羟基羧酸酯及其作为表面活性物质的用途。在此文献第4页中关于制备乳酸月桂基酯的实施例A没有关于制备乳酸低聚物的月桂基酯的可实施的技术指导。例如,甚至不能使用甲苯作为夹带剂将酯化反应加热到所述的225℃,其与反应期间释放的水形成沸点为约80-90℃的共沸物,其中使用分水器。
DE 43 40 042A1描述了如DE 40 03 096A1所述的硫酸盐表面活性剂作为表面活性物质用于清洁和漂洗组合物以清洁和漂洗硬表面。
本发明的目的是提供新的化合物,其有利地适合作为界面活性化合物用于各种应用。具体而言,它们应当适合用于覆盖多种需求的复杂分布,如本文开头所述。尤其是,应当可以提供含有表面活性剂的配制剂,其具有优良的应用性能,至少与基于石化组分和/或基于环氧烷的本领域公知的阴离子表面活性剂相当。
令人惊奇的是,现在发现此目的能通过低聚羟基羧酸的硫酸化酯实现。
发明概述
本发明首先提供具有通式(I)的化合物:
其中
R1是氢,或具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基,
基团R2彼此独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、-OA、-COOR4、-CH2-OA和-CH2-COOR4,其中基团R4是氢或具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基,
基团R3彼此独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、-OA、-COOR5、-CH2-OA和-CH2-COOR5,其中基团R5是氢或具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基,
A是H或-SO3B,其中B是氢或阳离子等价物,
n是平均至少0.1的数,
m1和m2彼此独立地是0或1,
前提是至少一个基团A是-SO3B,和
前提是基团R1、R4或R5中的至少一个是具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基。
一个优选的实施方案是低聚乳酸酯的硫酸化酯。因此,通式(I)化合物是选自式(I.1)的化合物:
其中
R1是氢,或具有6-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基,
B是氢或阳离子等价物,和
n是平均至少0.1的数。
本发明还提供一种制备通式(I)化合物的方法。本发明还提供可通过此方法获得的通式(I)化合物。
本发明还提供一种化妆品或药物组合物,其含有至少一种如上文和下文所述的通式(I)化合物。
本发明还提供如上文和下文所述的通式(I)化合物作为表面活性物质、尤其作为阴离子表面活性剂用于洗涤剂和清洁剂、化妆品组合物、药物组合物的用途。
发明详述
通式(I)化合物可以混合物的形式或作为纯化合物存在。对本发明而言,例如可通过下文所述制备方法获得的通式(I)化合物混合物是合适的。这些混合物的各组分可以例如在低聚度n方面不同。如果具有多于一个羧基和/或多于一个醇羟基的羟基羧酸用于制备通式(I)化合物,则这些混合物的各组分也可以是来自其制备的酯化反应的结构异构体。当然也可以使用常规分离方法分离通过本发明方法制备的反应混合物,例如通过蒸馏或色谱法。
平均低聚度是通过对于本发明通式(I)和通式(I.1)的化合物在符号n值基础上加1得到的。
在本发明中,阳离子等价物表示单价阳离子,或多价阳离子的单价电荷部分。
如果B是阳离子等价物,则其优选选自碱金属阳离子、NH4 +和式HNE1E2E3+的阳离子,其中E1、E2和E3各自独立地选自氢、直链和支化C1-C6烷基,以及直链和支化的C1-C4-羟基烷基,前提是E1、E2和E3中的至少一个基团不是氢。优选,阳离子等价物选自Na+,K+,NH4 +,Mg2+/2,HN(CH3)3 +,HN(C2H5)3 +,HN(C2H4OH)3 +,H2N(C2H4OH)2 +等。
合适的具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基是相应的C1-C30烷基,C1-C30链烯基,C1-C30链烷二烯基,和C1-C30链烷三烯基。
优选,基团R1、R4或R5中的至少一个是具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基。尤其是,R1、R4和R5各自独立地选自:甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,2-丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,正戊基,2-戊基,2-甲基丁基,3-甲基丁基,1,2-二甲基丙基,1,1-二甲基丙基,2,2-二甲基丙基,1-乙基丙基,正己基,2-己基,2-甲基戊基,3-甲基戊基,4-甲基戊基,1,2-二甲基丁基,1,3-二甲基丁基,2,3-二甲基丁基,1,1-二甲基丁基,2,2-二甲基丁基,3,3-二甲基丁基,1,1,2-三甲基丙基,1,2,2-三甲基丙基,1-乙基丁基,2-乙基丁基,1-乙基-2-甲基丙基,正庚基,2-庚基,3-庚基,2-乙基戊基,1-丙基丁基,正辛基,2-乙基己基,2-丙基庚基,正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基、二十烷基、二十二烷基、二十四烷基、三十烷基、异十三烷基、异硬脂基、油基、亚油基、亚麻基等。
在一个优选实施方案中,基团R1、R4或R5中的至少一个是具有6-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基。尤其优选,R1、R4和R5各自独立地选自:正己基、2-乙基己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基、二十烷基、二十二烷基、二十四烷基、三十烷基、异十三烷基、异硬脂基、油基、亚油基、亚麻基,以及它们的混合形式。
基团R1、R4和R5可以衍生自纯的醇或衍生自醇混合物。优选它们是可在工业规模上获得的醇或醇混合物。在一个优选实施方案中,R1、R4和R5各自独立地选自主要直链的烷基、链烯基、链烷二烯基和链烷三烯基,如在天然或合成脂肪酸和相应脂肪醇中出现的那些。
在另一个优选实施方案中,R1、R4和R5各自独立地衍生自脂肪醇,其是基于工业醇混合物。这些包括例如在基于脂肪和油的工业甲基酯的氢化期间产生的醇混合物。这些还包括在从羰基合成在醛的氢化期间产生的醇混合物(羰基合成醇),或者在不饱和脂肪醇的二聚期间产生的醇混合物。
优选,基团R1、R4和R5中的至少一个是衍生自具有8-18个碳原子的直链饱和醇。
特别优选,基团R1、R4和R5中的至少一个是衍生自直链饱和C12/C14-醇的混合物。
此外,基团R1、R4和R5中的至少一个优选衍生自C16/C18-脂肪醇混合物。鲸蜡基(十六烷基)和硬脂基(十八烷基)的混合物也称为十六十八烷基。
优选,在化合物(I)中,符号m1和m2具有相同的含义。
通式(I)化合物是低聚羟基羧酸的酯。它们也可以衍生自常规的羟基羧酸,例如乳酸、乙醇酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、羟基丙二酸以及它们的混合物。优选,化合物(I)衍生自乳酸、乙醇酸、苹果酸、酒石酸或它们的混合物。化合物(I)特别优选衍生自乳酸。
在通式(I)化合物中,n优选是0.1-100的数,特别优选0.15-50,尤其是0.2-20。
在通式(I.1)化合物中,n优选是0.1-100的数,特别优选0.15-50,尤其是0.2-20。
本发明还提供一种制备通式(I)化合物的方法,其中
a)至少一种具有通式(I.A)的羟基羧酸进行酯化反应,
其中
基团R2、R3和m1如权利要求1-8中任一项所定义,
其中酯化反应在至少一种醇R1-OH的存在下进行,其中R1如权利要求1-8中任一项所定义,或者羟基羧酸(I.A)的酯化产物随后与至少一种醇R1-OH反应,
b)来自步骤a)的反应产物与硫酸化试剂反应,和
c)任选地,来自步骤b)的反应产物至少部分地用碱中和。
关于R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和m1的合适和优选的定义,可以参见上文中关于这些基团和符号的全部描述。
步骤a)
步骤a)中的酯化反应可以在多个阶段中进行,在这种情况下首先至少一种羟基羧酸(I.A)进行酯化与低聚,然后所得的反应混合物,任选地在分离和/或提纯之后,与至少一种醇R1-OH进行进一步的酯化反应。
优选,用于制备通式(I)化合物的酯化反应是按照一步反应进行的,其中至少一种通式(I.A)的羟基羧酸在至少一种醇R1-OH的存在下进行酯化反应。
酯化反应可以根据普遍公知的方法进行,所形成的反应水可以例如通过除水剂、通过萃取或通过蒸馏除去。
优选,所形成的反应水通过蒸馏除去。在一个具体实施方案中,所形成的反应水被共沸除去。此反应在溶剂的存在下进行,溶剂与水形成共沸混合物。合适的溶剂和夹带剂是脂族和芳族的烃,例如链烷,例如正己烷和正庚烷,环烷烃,例如环己烷和甲基环己烷,芳族化合物,例如苯、甲苯和二甲基苯异构体,以及所谓的特定沸点酒精,其具有70-140℃的沸点。特别优选的夹带剂是环己烷、甲基环己烷和甲苯。合适的用于共沸蒸馏且同时除去反应水并将溶剂循环至反应容器的装置是本领域技术人员公知的。所用的溶剂可以在酯化之后通过常规方法从反应混合物除去,例如通过蒸馏,任选地在减压下进行。
如果具有足够高沸点的醇R1-OH用于酯化反应,例如饱和的或单不饱和或多不饱和的具有至少6个碳原子的脂肪醇,则可以在蒸馏除去反应水期间省去使用夹带剂。
酯化温度通常是约50-250℃,特别优选70-200℃。
酯化优选在大气压或减压下进行。对于蒸馏除去反应水的操作,有利的是在减压下进行酯化。优选在酯化期间的压力是1毫巴至1.1巴,尤其是5毫巴至1巴,特别是10毫巴至900毫巴。这对于上述酯化反应的单阶段方案和两阶段方案都是适用的。
酯化反应可以按自催化方式进行,或在催化剂的存在下进行。合适的催化剂是强酸,例如硫酸、无水氯化氢、磺酸,例如甲苯磺酸和甲磺酸,以及酸性离子交换剂。在本发明方法中,硫酸和对甲苯磺酸优选用作催化剂。酯化催化剂的用量一般是约0.1-5重量%,基于要酯化的组分的总重量计。
优选,酯化反应在不添加外部溶剂的情况下进行。这对于上述酯化反应的单阶段方案和两阶段方案都是适用的。但是,也可以在反应条件下呈惰性的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物的存在下进行本发明的反应。优选使用非质子惰性溶剂。所用的溶剂优选具有至少120℃的沸点,尤其是至少140℃。这些包括例如亚烷基二醇二烷基醚,例如乙二醇二甲基醚、乙二醇二乙基醚等。例如,环己酮(沸点155℃)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(沸点204℃)、环丁砜(沸点285℃)、硝基苯(沸点210℃)、二甲苯(沸点140℃)也是合适的。
所需的平均低聚度(p=1+n)是按照常规方式建立的。
因此,在上述酯化反应的两阶段方案的情况下,首先可以制备具有所需平均低聚度(p=1+n)的低聚羟基羧酸。为此目的,反应混合物在除水条件下在反应温度下放置一定的时间,此时间足以达到所需的平均低聚度。优选,反应时间是约0.5-24小时,尤其是约1-20小时。以此方式得到的低聚羟基羧酸然后与至少一种醇R1-OH反应以得到最终产物。对于此方案而言,醇组分R1-OH与低聚羟基羧酸之间的摩尔比率是约1:1。
在上述酯化反应的单阶段方案的情况下,至少一种通式(I.A)的羟基羧酸在至少一种醇R1-OH的存在下进行酯化反应。根据此方案,所需的平均低聚度n是例如通过醇组分R1-OH与羟基羧酸(I.A)之间的摩尔比率建立的。对于此方案而言,此摩尔比率优选是1:1.01至1:200,特别优选1:1.1至1:100,尤其是1:1.15至1:50,尤其是1:1.2至1:20。也根据此方案,反应混合物在除水条件下在反应温度下放置一定的时间,此时间足以获得具有所需平均低聚度的通式(I)化合物。优选,反应时间是约0.5-24小时,尤其是约1-20小时。
步骤b)
表面活性剂醇的硫酸化反应是本领域技术人员公知的,可以例如参见WO 93/24453、DE 40 03 096 A1和"Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry",第5版,A25卷(1994),第779-783页,并将其中的文献引入本文供参考。
原则上,三氧化硫、三氧化硫络合物、三氧化硫在硫酸中的溶液(“发烟硫酸”)、浓硫酸、氯磺酸、磺酰氯或氨基磺酸可以用于使来自步骤a)的反应产物进行硫酸化。
优选,在步骤b)中使用的硫酸化试剂包含SO3,或由SO3组成。优选,气态三氧化硫作为与在硫酸化反应条件下呈惰性的气体的混合物使用。优选的惰性气体是氮气或空气。在这里,三氧化硫被空气或氮气稀释,并优选以含有约1-10体积%、优选3-6体积%三氧化硫的气体混合物形式使用。
用SO3进行的硫酸化可以连续或不连续地进行,但是尤其在根据降膜原理操作的反应器中进行。
优选,反应在不存在溶剂的情况下进行。但是,常规溶剂可以用于烯烃、芳族化合物、醇等的硫酸化反应,例如原甲酸酯、二甲基甲酰胺、1,2-二氯乙烷或四氢呋喃。
用SO3进行的硫酸化优选在羟基羧酸酯与SO3之间的摩尔比为1:0.9至1:2.4下进行。特别优选此摩尔比为1:1.0至1:1.3。
用SO3进行的硫酸化例如在10-98℃的温度下进行。为了一方面确保进料的足够低浓度和另一方面避免反应期间的过多热应力,建议硫酸化在20-90℃的温度下进行。
如果使用氯磺酸作为硫酸化试剂,则相应的醇组分优选在惰性条件下加入处于搅拌的装置中,并加入氯磺酸。醇组分与氯磺酸之间的摩尔比优选是0.5:1至1:0.5,特别优选0.75:1至1:0.75。醇组分与氯磺酸之间的摩尔比非常特别优选是约1:1。
如果硫酸用于酯化反应,则方便地使用75-100重量%浓度的硫酸,优选85-98重量%(所谓的“浓硫酸”或“硫酸一水合物”)。如果希望控制反应,例如放热,则酯化反应可以在溶剂或稀释剂中进行。一般而言,先加入醇反应物,然后在连续混合下逐步加入硫酸化试剂。如果希望醇组分完全酯化,则硫酸化试剂与醇组分之间的摩尔比优选是1:1至1:1.5,特别优选1:1至1:1.2。酯化优选在20-90℃的温度下进行,特别优选45-75℃。任选地,可以方便地在低沸点的水混溶性溶剂或稀释剂中在其沸点下进行酯化,在这种情况下共沸蒸馏出在酯化期间形成的水。
步骤c)
可用于中和的碱是碱金属碱,例如氢氧化钠溶液,氢氧化钾溶液,碳酸钠,碳酸氢钠,碳酸钾或碳酸氢钾,以及碱土金属碱,例如氢氧化钙、氧化钙、氢氧化镁或碳酸镁,以及胺。合适的胺是C1-C6烷基胺,优选正丙基胺和正丁基胺;二烷基胺,优选二乙基丙基胺和二丙基甲基胺;三烷基胺,优选三乙胺和三异丙基胺。优选氨基醇,例如三链烷醇胺,例如三乙醇胺;烷基二链烷醇胺,例如甲基二乙醇胺或乙基二乙醇胺;以及二烷基链烷醇胺,例如二甲基乙醇胺,以及2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇。酸基团的中和也可以在两种或更多种碱的混合物的帮助下进行。碱特别优选选自NaOH、KOH、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、三乙胺、二乙基氨基丙基胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三异丙基胺以及它们的混合物。根据预期用途,中和可以部分或完全地进行。对于部分中和,例如50%至小于100%的酸基团可以被中和。优选完全中和。
通式(I)化合物和通式(I.1)化合物有利地用作阴离子表面活性剂。它们可以通常用于例如化妆品组合物、药物组合物、卫生产品、洗涤剂和清洁剂、涂料组合物、用于造纸工业的组合物、用于纺织工业的组合物等。
本发明的表面活性剂可以在这里作为唯一的表面活性物质使用。通式(I)化合物和通式(I.1)化合物的有利特征在于它们具有与其它表面活性剂的优良相容性。
含表面活性剂的组合物
本发明的通式(I)化合物或通式(I.1)化合物特别有利地适合用于配制含表面活性剂的组合物。尤其是,它们是含表面活性剂的含水组合物。化合物(I)和(I.1)在这些组合物中的特征在于其优良的水溶性,与在化妆品中所用的许多活性成分和助剂之间的优良相容性,优良的泡沫形成能力,以及优良的流变行为。
根据本发明的含表面活性剂的组合物优选具有表面活性剂总含量为0.1-75重量%,特别优选0.5-60重量%,尤其是1-50重量%,基于含表面活性剂的组合物的总重量计。
合适的表面活性剂是阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两亲性表面活性剂以及它们的混合物,它们是与化合物(I)不同的。
阴离子表面活性剂的典型例子是皂,烷基磺酸盐,烷基苯磺酸盐,烯烃磺酸盐,烷基醚磺酸盐,甘油醚磺酸盐,甲基酯磺酸盐,磺基脂肪酸,烷基硫酸盐,脂肪醇醚硫酸盐,甘油醚硫酸盐,脂肪酸醚硫酸盐,羟基混合醚硫酸盐,单甘油酯(醚)硫酸盐,脂肪酸酰胺(醚)硫酸盐,单烷基和二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐,单烷基和二烷基磺基琥珀酰胺酸盐,磺基甘油三酯,酰胺皂,醚羧酸及其盐,脂肪酸羟乙基磺酸盐,脂肪酸肌氨酸盐,脂肪酸氨基乙磺酸盐,N-酰基氨基酸,例如酰基谷氨酸盐和酰基天冬氨酸盐,以及酰基乳酸盐,酰基酒石酸盐,烷基低聚葡糖苷硫酸盐,烷基葡萄糖羧酸盐,蛋白质脂肪酸缩合物,以及烷基(醚)磷酸盐。
合适的皂例如是脂肪酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,例如硬脂酸钾。
合适的烯烃磺酸盐例如通过SO3在式R3-CH=CH-R4的烯烃上进行加成反应、随后水解并中和而获得,其中R3和R4各自独立地是H或具有1-20个碳原子的烷基,前提是R3和R4一起具有至少6个和优选8-20个碳原子,尤其具有10-16个碳原子。关于制备方法和用途,可以参见综述文章“J.Am.Oil.Chem.Soc.”,55,70(1978)。烯烃磺酸盐可以是碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、铵盐、烷基铵盐、链烷醇铵盐或葡糖铵盐的形式。优选,烯烃磺酸盐是钠盐的形式。水解的α-烯烃磺酸化产物,即α-烯烃磺酸盐,是由约60重量%链烷磺酸盐和约40重量%的羟基链烷磺酸盐组成的;其中,约80-85重量%是单磺酸盐,以及15-20重量%是二磺酸盐。
优选的甲基酯磺酸盐(MES)是通过植物或动物脂肪或油的脂肪酸甲基酯进行磺酸化得到的。优选来自植物脂肪和油的甲基酯磺酸盐,例如来自菜籽油、向日葵油、豆油、棕榈油、椰子油脂肪等。
优选的烷基硫酸盐是通式R6-O-SO3Y的脂肪醇硫酸盐,其中R6是直链或支化的、饱和或不饱和的具有6-22个碳原子的烃基,Y是碱金属,碱土金属的单价电荷等同形式,铵,单、二、三或四烷基铵,链烷醇胺或葡糖铵。合适的脂肪醇硫酸盐优选通过天然脂肪醇或合成羰基醇进行硫酸化、随后中和而获得。脂肪醇硫酸盐的典型例子是己醇、辛醇、2-乙基己基醇、癸醇、月桂醇、异十三烷基醇、肉豆蔻醇、鲸蜡醇、棕榈醇、硬脂醇、异硬脂醇、油基醇、反油醇、岩芹醇、亚油基醇、亚麻基醇、二十二烷醇和桐醇的硫酸化产物,以及它们的盐和混合物。优选的脂肪醇硫酸盐是钠盐和钾盐,尤其是钠盐。优选脂肪醇硫酸盐的混合物是基于例如在基于脂肪和油的工业甲基酯的高压氢化期间形成或在来自羰基合成的醛的氢化期间或在不饱和脂肪醇的二聚期间形成的工业醇混合物。优选使用具有12-18个碳原子、尤其12-14个碳原子的脂肪醇和脂肪醇混合物制备烷基硫酸盐。其典型例子是基于植物原料的工业醇硫酸盐。
优选的肌氨酸盐是月桂酰基肌氨酸钠或硬脂酰基肌氨酸钠。
优选的蛋白质脂肪酸缩合物是基于小麦的植物产物。
优选的烷基磷酸盐是单磷酸和二磷酸的烷基酯。
合适的酰基谷氨酸盐是式(I)的化合物:
其中COR7是直链或支化的具有6-22个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的酰基,X是氢、碱金属、碱土金属的单价电荷等价形式、铵、烷基铵、链烷醇铵或葡糖铵。酰基谷氨酸盐的制备例如通过谷氨酸与脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯或脂肪酰卤进行Schotten-Baumann酰化反应进行。酰基谷氨酸盐可以例如从BASF SE,Clariant AG,Frankfurt/DE或从Ajinomoto Co.Inc.,Tokyo/JP商购。关于酰基谷氨酸盐的制备和性质的综述可以参见M.Takehara等,J.Am.OiIChem.Soc.49(1972)143。适合用作组分b)的典型的酰基谷氨酸盐优选衍生自具有6-22个、特别优选12-18个碳原子的脂肪酸。尤其使用酰基谷氨酸盐的单或二碱金属盐。这些包括例如(括号中是Ajinomoto,USA的商品名):椰油基谷氨酸钠(Amisoft CS-11),椰油基谷氨酸二钠(Amisoft ECS-22SB)、椰油基谷氨酸三乙醇铵(Amisoft CT-12)、月桂酰基谷氨酸三乙醇铵(Amisoft LT-12)、肉豆蔻酰基谷氨酸钠(Amisoft MS-11)、硬脂酰基谷氨酸钠(Amisoft HS-11P)以及它们的混合物。
非离子表面活性剂包括例如:
-脂肪醇聚氧亚烷基酯,例如月桂醇聚氧乙烯乙酸酯,
-烷基聚氧亚烷基醚,其衍生自低分子量C1-C6醇或C7-C30脂肪醇。
在这里,醚组分可以衍生自氧化乙烯单元、氧化丙烯单元、1,2-氧化丁烯单元、1,4-氧化丁烯单元以及它们的无规共聚物和嵌段共聚物。这些尤其包括脂肪醇烷氧基化物和羰基醇烷氧基化物,尤其是类型为RO-(R8O)r(R9O)sR10,其中R8和R9各自独立地是C2H4、C3H6、C4H8,并且R10=H或C1-C12烷基,R=C3-C30烷基或C6-C30链烯基,r和s各自独立地是0-50,其中它们不同时是0,例如异十三烷基醇和油基醇聚氧乙烯醚,
-烷基芳基醇聚氧乙烯醚,例如辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚,
-烷氧基化动物和/或植物脂肪和/或油,例如玉米油乙氧基化物,蓖麻油乙氧基化物,牛油脂肪乙氧基化物,
-甘油酯,例如甘油单硬脂酸酯,
-烷基酚烷氧基化物,例如乙氧基化异辛基-、辛基-或壬基酚、三丁基酚聚氧乙烯醚,
-脂肪胺烷氧基化物,脂肪酸酰胺和脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺烷氧基化物,尤其是它们的乙氧基化物,
-糖表面活性剂,山梨醇酯,例如脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(脱水山梨醇单油酸酯,脱水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯),聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯,烷基多苷,N-烷基葡糖酰胺,
-烷基甲基亚砜,
-烷基二甲基氧化膦,例如十四烷基二甲基氧化膦。
合适的两亲性表面活性剂例如是烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、烷基磺基甜菜碱、烷基氨基乙酸盐、烷基羧基氨基乙酸盐、烷基两性乙酸盐或丙酸盐,烷基两性二乙酸盐或二丙酸盐。例如,可以使用椰油基二甲基磺基丙基甜菜碱、月桂基甜菜碱、椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、椰油两性丙酸钠或十四烷基二甲基氧化胺。
阳离子表面活性剂包括例如季铵化合物,尤其是烷基三甲基铵和二烷基二甲基铵的卤化物以及烷基硫酸盐,以及吡啶和咪唑啉衍生物,尤其是烷基卤化吡啶例如,可以使用二十二烷基或鲸蜡基三甲基氯化铵。也合适的是所谓的酯季化物,其是基于具有脂肪酸酯形式的长烃链的三乙醇甲基季铵或二乙醇二甲基季铵化合物。这些包括例如二(酰氧基乙基)羟基乙基甲代硫酸铵。也合适的是Dehyquart L 80(INCI:二椰油乙基羟基乙基甲代硫酸铵(和)丙二醇)。
化妆品和药物组合物
通式(I)和通式(I.1)的化合物优选适合用于配制化妆品和药物产品,尤其是含水的化妆品和药物产品。
本发明还提供一种化妆品或药物组合物,其含有:
a)至少一种如上所定义的通式(I)化合物,
b)至少一种化妆品或药物可接受的活性成分,和
c)任选地至少一种与组分a)和b)不同的化妆品或药物可接受的助剂。
优选,至少一种通式(I.1)化合物用作组分a)。
优选,组分c)含有至少一种化妆品或药物可接受的载体。
优选,载体组分c)是选自:
i)水,
ii)水混溶性有机溶剂,优选C2-C4链烷醇,尤其是乙醇,
iii)油,脂肪,蜡,
iv)C6-C30单羧酸与一元、二元或三元醇形成的酯,其与iii)不同,
v)饱和的无环和环状的烃,
vi)脂肪酸,
vii)脂肪醇,
viii)推进剂气体,
以及它们的混合物。
尤其合适的化妆品相容性的油或脂肪组分c)可以参见Karl-Heinz Schrader,Grundlagen und Rezepturen der Kosmetika[化妆品基础和配制剂],第2版,Verlag Hüthig,Heidelberg,319-355页,将其全部内容引入本文以供参考。
本发明的化妆品组合物可以是皮肤化妆品、头发化妆品、皮肤学组合物、卫生组合物或药物组合物的形式。考虑到其界面活性性能,上述的通式(I)化合物和通式(I.1)化合物特别适合用于清洁皮肤和/或头发的组合物中。
优选,本发明组合物是水溶液、固体配制剂(例如皂条或洗涤棒)、泡沫、乳液、悬浮液、洗液、凝胶、糊料或喷雾的形式。如果需要的话,也可以使用脂质体或微球。
本发明的化妆品组合物可以另外含有化妆品或皮肤学可接受的活性成分和效果物质以及助剂。优选,本发明的化妆品组合物可以含有至少一种上述式(I)化合物或式(I.1)的化合物,至少一种上述载体C),和至少一种与之不同的成分,其优选选自:化妆品活性成分,乳化剂,表面活性剂,防腐剂,芳香油,额外的增稠剂,头发聚合物,头发和皮肤调理剂,接枝聚合物,水溶性或水分散性的含硅聚合物,光防护剂,漂白剂,凝胶形成剂,护理试剂,着色剂,晒黑剂,染料,颜料,稠度调节剂,润湿剂,再加脂剂,骨胶原,蛋白水解物,脂质,抗氧化剂,消泡剂,抗静电剂,软化剂和柔软剂。
除了式(I)化合物和式(I.1)的化合物之外,化妆品组合物可以含有至少一种增稠剂。这些包括例如多糖和有机片状矿物,例如Xanthan(来自Kelco),23(Rhone Poulenc)或(R.T.Vanderbilt)或(Engelhardt)。合适的增稠剂也是有机天然增稠剂(琼脂,卡拉胶,黄芪胶,阿拉伯胶,藻酸盐,果胶,多糖,瓜尔粉,角豆种子粉,淀粉,糊精,明胶,酪蛋白)以及无机增稠剂(多硅酸,粘土矿物例如蒙脱土、沸石、硅石)。其它增稠剂是多糖胶,例如阿拉伯胶,琼脂,藻酸盐,卡拉胶及其盐,瓜尔胶,半乳甘露聚糖,黄芪胶,结冷胶,Ramsan,糊精或黄原胶以及它们的衍生物,例如丙氧基化瓜尔胶,以及它们的混合物。其它多糖增稠剂例如是多种来源的淀粉和淀粉衍生物,例如羟基乙基淀粉,淀粉磷酸酯或淀粉乙酸酯,或羧基甲基纤维素及其钠盐,甲基纤维素,乙基纤维素,羟基乙基纤维素,羟基丙基纤维素,羟基丙基甲基纤维素,或羟基乙基甲基纤维素,或乙酸纤维素。可以使用的增稠剂也可以是片状硅酸盐。这些包括例如镁或钠-镁的片状硅酸盐,可以从Solvay Alkali以商品名获得,以及来自Süd-Chemie的硅酸镁。
合适的化妆品和/或皮肤学活性成分例如是皮肤和头发染色试剂,晒黑剂,漂白剂,角质硬化物质,抗微生物活性成分,滤光剂活性成分,拒斥剂活性成分,充血物质,角质层分离和角质促成物质,去头屑活性成分,消炎药,角质化物质,具有抗氧化作用和/或用作自由基清除剂的活性成分,皮肤润湿或保湿物质,再加脂活性成分,除味活性成分,控油抗痘活性成分,植物提取物,抗红斑狼疮或抗过敏活性成分,以及它们的混合物。
适合在不需要自然或人造UV射线辐照的情况下用于晒黑皮肤的人造皮肤晒黑活性成分例如是二羟基丙酮,四氧嘧啶和胡桃木壳提取物。合适的角质硬化物质一般是在止汗剂中使用的活性成分,例如硫酸铝钾、羟基氯化铝、乳酸铝等。抗微生物活性成分用于破坏微生物或抑制其生长,因此同时用作防腐剂和除味物质,这减少了体味的形成或强度。这些包括例如本领域公知的常规防腐剂,例如对-羟基苯甲酸酯,咪唑烷脲,甲醛,山梨酸,苯甲酸,水杨酸等。这种除味物质例如是蓖麻酸锌,三氯生,十一碳烯酸羟烷基酰胺,柠檬酸三乙基酯,氯己定等。合适的滤光剂活性物质是能吸收在UV-B和/或UV-A区域中的UV射线的物质。合适的是对-氨基苯甲酸酯,肉桂酸酯,二苯酮,樟脑衍生物,以及能阻止UV射线的颜料,例如二氧化钛、滑石和氧化锌。合适的拒斥剂活性成分是能使人保持避开或驱除特定动物、尤其昆虫的化合物。这些包括例如2-乙基-1,3-己二醇,N,N-二乙基-间甲苯甲酰胺等。合适的充血物质刺激经由皮肤的血液流动,例如是精油,例如矮松、薰衣草、迷迭香、杜松子、七叶树提取物、桦树叶提取物、干草花提取物、乙酸乙酯、樟脑、薄荷醇、薄荷油、迷迭香提取物、桉叶油等。合适的角质层分离和角质促成物质例如是水杨酸,硫代乙醇酸钙,硫代乙醇酸及其盐,硫等。合适的去头屑活性物质例如是硫,聚乙二醇脱水山梨醇单油酸硫,硫蓖麻醇聚乙氧基化物,2-巯基吡啶氧化锌,2-巯基吡啶氧化铝等。合适的抵抗皮肤刺激的消炎药例如是尿囊素、红没药醇、红没药醇(dragosantol)、甘菊提取物、泛醇等。
本发明的化妆品组合物可以含有至少一种化妆品或药物可接受的聚合物作为化妆品活性成分(以及任选作为助剂)。这些包括常规的阴离子性、阳离子性、两亲性和中性的聚合物。
阴离子性聚合物的例子是丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺的共聚物及其盐;聚羟基羧酸的钠盐,水溶性或水分散性聚酯,聚氨酯,例如来自BASF的Luviset和聚脲。特别合适的聚合物是丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物(例如100P),丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物(例如MAE),N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸的共聚物(强),乙酸乙烯酯、巴豆酸和任选其它乙烯基酯的共聚物(例如系列),丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸的马来酸酐共聚物,任选地与醇、阴离子聚硅氧烷反应,例如羧基官能的(例如VBM),丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸与疏水单体的共聚物,疏水单体例如是(甲基)丙烯酸的C4-C30-烷基酯、C4-C30-烷基乙烯基酯、C4-C30-烷基乙烯基醚和透明质酸。阴离子聚合物的一个例子也是甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸/丙烯酸/聚氨酯丙烯酸酯共聚物,以商品名Shape获得(INCI名称:Polyacrylate-22)。阴离子聚合物的例子也是乙酸乙烯酯/巴豆酸共聚物,例如以商品名(National Starch)和(GAF)获得,以及乙烯基吡咯烷酮/丙烯酸乙烯酯共聚物,例如以商品名(BASF)得到。其它合适的聚合物是乙烯基吡咯烷酮/丙烯酸酯三元共聚物,可以商品名VBM-35(BASF)得到,以及含磺酸钠的聚酰胺或含磺酸钠的聚酯。也合适的是乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸乙酯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物,由Stepan以商品名Stepanhold-Extra和-R1销售,以及来自BF Goodrich的产品。
合适的阳离子聚合物例如是INCI名称为Polyquaternium的阳离子聚合物,例如乙烯基吡咯烷酮/N-乙烯基咪唑盐的共聚物(FC,HM,MS,LuvisetLuviquat Care),N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯的共聚物、被硫酸二乙酯季化(PQ11),N-乙烯基己内酰胺/N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮/N-乙烯基咪唑盐的共聚物(Hold);阳离子纤维素衍生物(Polyquaternium-4和-10),丙烯酰胺共聚物(Polyquaternium-7)和脱乙酰壳多糖。合适的阳离子(季化)聚合物也是(基于二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的聚合物),(通过聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮与季铵化合物反应形成的季化聚合物),聚合物JR(具有阳离子基团的羟基乙基纤维素),以及基于植物的阳离子聚合物,例如瓜尔胶聚合物,例如来自Rhodia的产品。
非常特别合适的聚合物是中性聚合物,例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和乙酸乙烯酯和/或丙酸乙烯酯的共聚物,聚硅氧烷,聚乙烯基己内酰胺以及与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的其它共聚物,聚乙烯亚胺及其盐,聚乙烯基胺及其盐,纤维素衍生物,聚天冬氨酸盐及其衍生物。这些包括例如Swing(聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚乙二醇的部分皂化共聚物,BASF)。
合适的聚合物也是非离子性的水溶性或水分散性聚合物或低聚物,例如聚乙烯基己内酰胺,例如Plus(BASF SE),或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其共聚物,尤其是与乙烯基酯例如乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物,例如VA 37,VA 55,VA 64,VA 73(BASFSE);聚酰胺,例如基于衣康酸和脂族二胺,参见例如DE-A-43 33 238。
合适的聚合物也是两亲性或两性离子性聚合物,例如辛基丙烯酰胺/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/甲基丙烯酸叔丁基氨基乙基酯/甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯共聚物,可以商品名(National Starch)获得,以及两性离子性聚合物,参见例如德国专利申请DE 39 29 973、DE 21 50 557、DE 28 17 369和DE 37 08 451。优选的两性离子性聚合物是丙烯酰氨基丙基三甲基氯化铵/丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸共聚物以及它们的碱金属盐和铵盐。其它合适的两性离子性聚合物是甲基丙烯酰基乙基甜菜碱/甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,其可以商品名(AMERCHOL)获得;以及甲基丙烯酸羟基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯和丙烯酸的共聚物
合适的聚合物也是非离子性的含硅氧烷的水溶性或水分散性聚合物,例如聚醚硅氧烷,例如(Goldschmidt)或(Wacker)。
在一个具体实施方案中,本发明组合物含有至少一种用作增稠剂的聚合物。
合适的聚合物增稠剂例如是任选改性的聚合物天然物质(羧基甲基纤维素和其它纤维素醚,羟基乙基纤维素和羟基丙基纤维素等),以及合成聚合物增稠剂(聚丙烯酰和聚甲基丙烯酰化合物,乙烯基聚合物,聚羧酸,聚醚,聚亚胺,聚酰胺)。这些包括一部分上述聚丙烯酰和聚甲基丙烯酰化合物,例如用聚链烯基聚醚交联的丙烯酸高分子量均聚物,尤其是用蔗糖的烯丙基醚、季戊四醇或丙烯交联(INCI名称:Carbomer)。这些聚丙烯酸例如尤其可以从BF Goodrich以商品名得到,例如Carbopol 940(分子量为约4 000000),Carbopol 941(分子量为约1 250 000)或Carbopol 934(分子量为约3 000 000)。它们也包括丙烯酸共聚物,其可以例如从Rohm&Haas以商品名和得到,例如阴离子性的非缔合聚合物Aculyn 22、Aculyne 28、Aculyn 33(交联的)、Acusol810,Acusol 823和Acusol 830(CAS 25852-37-3)。特别合适的也是缔合增稠剂,例如基于改性聚氨酯(HEUR),或疏水改性丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸共聚物(HASE增稠剂,可高度碱溶胀的乳液)。
根据一个优选实施方案,本发明的组合物是皮肤清洁组合物。
优选的皮肤清洁组合物是液体至凝胶状稠度的皂,例如透明皂、香皂、除味皂、乳霜皂、婴儿皂、护肤皂、磨砂皂和合成洗涤剂,糊状皂,软皂和洗涤糊料,液体洗涤、淋浴和洗浴制剂,例如洗液,淋浴液和凝胶,发泡浴液,油浴液和擦洗配制剂,剃须泡沫,剃须液和剃须膏。
皮肤清洁组合物中含有的至少一种式(I)和式(I.1)化合物的比例优选是约0.001-70重量%,优选0.01-50重量%,非常特别优选0.1-30重量%,基于组合物的总重量计。
根据另一个优选实施方案,本发明的组合物是淋浴凝胶、洗发配制剂或洗浴制剂。
这些配制剂含有至少一种通式(I)或(I.1)的化合物作为基础表面活性剂,以及任选地含有至少一种两亲性和/或非离子表面活性剂作为助表面活性剂。其它合适的活性成分和/或助剂一般选自脂质、芳香油、染料、有机酸、防腐剂和抗氧化剂,增稠剂/凝胶形成剂、皮肤调理剂和润湿剂。
这些配制剂优选含有2-50重量%、优选5-40重量%、特别优选8-30重量%的表面活性剂,基于配制剂的总重量计。
在身体清洁组合物中常用的所有阴离子性、中性、两亲性或阳离子性表面活性剂可以用于洗涤、淋浴和洗浴制剂中。
合适的表面活性剂是上文所述的那些。
此外,淋浴凝胶/洗发配制剂可以含有额外的增稠剂,例如氯化钠,PEG-55,丙二醇油酸酯,PEG-120甲基葡萄糖二油酸酯等。合适的可商购的其它增稠剂例如是Arlypon TT(INCI:PEG/PPG-120/10三羟甲基丙烷三油酸酯(和)Laureth-2)和Arlypon F(INCI:Laureth-2)。此外,淋浴凝胶/洗发配制剂可以含有防腐剂、其它活性成分、助剂和水。
本发明的式(I)和(I.1)的化合物也有利地适合作为表面活性剂用于洗发配制剂,所述配制剂可以另外含有其它常规表面活性剂。
在洗发配制剂中,常规调理剂可以用于实现特定效果。这些包括例如上述的具有INCI名称为Polyquaternium的阳离子聚合物,尤其是乙烯基吡咯烷酮/N-乙烯基咪唑盐的共聚物(FC,HM,MS,Care),N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯的共聚物、被硫酸二乙酯季化(PQ11),N-乙烯基己内酰胺/N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮/N-乙烯基咪唑盐的共聚物(Hold);阳离子纤维素衍生物(Polyquaternium-4和-10),丙烯酰胺共聚物(Polyquaternium-7)。此外,可以使用蛋白质水解物,以及基于硅氧烷化合物的调理物质,例如聚烷基硅氧烷、聚芳基硅氧烷、聚烷基芳基硅氧烷、聚醚硅氧烷或硅氧烷树脂。其它合适的硅氧烷化合物是聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇(CTFA),和氨基官能硅氧烷化合物,例如氨基聚二甲基硅氧烷(CTFA)。此外,可以使用阳离子瓜尔胶衍生物,例如瓜尔胶羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵(INCI)。
根据另一个优选实施方案,本发明的组合物是用于护理和保护皮肤的化妆品组合物,指甲护理组合物,或用于彩妆的制剂。
此外,式(I)和式(I.1)的化合物可以用于清洁毛孔的鼻贴中,用于抗痤疮组合物、拒斥剂、剃须组合物、头发去除组合物、深层护理组合物、足部护理组合物中,以及用于婴儿护理中。
除了式(I)和式(I.1)的化合物和合适的载体之外,皮肤化妆品制剂也可以含有如上上述的在皮肤化妆品中常用的其它活性成分和助剂。
优选用于皮肤化妆品和皮肤学组合物的油和脂肪组分是无机和合成的油,例如石蜡、硅油以及具有多于8个碳原子的脂族烃,动物油和植物油,例如向日葵油、椰子油、鳄梨油、橄榄油、羊毛脂,或蜡,脂肪酸,脂肪酸酯,例如C6-C30脂肪酸的甘油三酯,蜡酯,例如霍霍巴油,脂肪醇,凡士林,氢化羊毛脂和乙酰化羊毛脂,以及它们的混合物。
为了实现特定的性能,例如改进触感、铺展性质、耐水性和/或活性成分和助剂例如颜料的粘合性,皮肤化妆品和皮肤学配制剂可以另外含有基于硅氧烷化合物的调理物质。合适的硅氧烷化合物例如是聚烷基硅氧烷、聚芳基硅氧烷、聚芳基烷基硅氧烷、聚醚硅氧烷或硅氧烷树脂。
含有至少一种式(I)或式(I.1)化合物的化妆品或皮肤学制剂是按照本领域技术人员公知的常规方法制备的。
优选,化妆品和皮肤学组合物是乳液的形式,尤其是油包水(W/O)或水包油(O/W)乳液的形式。但是,也可以选择其它类型的配制剂,例如水分散体、凝胶、油、油凝胶、多重乳液,例如W/O/W或O/W/O乳液的形式,无水软膏或软膏基料等。
乳液可以通过公知方法制备。除了至少一种式(I)和式(I.1)化合物之外,乳液一般含有常规成分,例如脂肪醇,脂肪酸酯,尤其脂肪酸三甘油酯,脂肪酸,羊毛酯及其衍生物,天然或合成的油或蜡,以及在水存在下的乳液。乳液类型和特定添加剂的选择以及制备合适乳液的方法例如参见Schrader,Grundlagen und Rezepturen der Kosmetika[化妆品基础和配方],Hüthig Buch Verlag,Heidelberg,第2版,1989,第三部分,将其全部内容引入本文供参考。
可存在于乳液脂肪相中的优选脂肪组分是:烃油,例如石蜡油、百洛油、全氢角鲨烯,以及微晶蜡在这些油中的溶液;动物油或植物油,例如甜杏仁油、鳄梨油、红厚壳油,羊毛脂及其衍生物,蓖麻油,芝麻油,橄榄油,霍霍巴油,Karité油,棘鲷油;矿物油,其在大气压下的蒸馏起点为约250℃并且蒸馏终点为410℃,例如凡士林油;饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的酯,例如肉豆蔻酸烷基酯,例如肉豆蔻酸异丙基酯、肉豆蔻酸丁基酯或肉豆蔻酸十六烷基酯,硬脂酸十六烷基酯,棕榈酸乙基酯或棕榈酸异丙基酯,辛酸或癸酸的三甘油酯,以及蓖麻酸十六烷基酯。
脂肪相也可以含有能溶于其它油中的硅油,例如二甲基聚硅氧烷、甲基苯基聚硅氧烷和硅氧烷二醇共聚物,脂肪酸以及脂肪醇。
也可以使用蜡,例如巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡、蜂蜡、微晶蜡、地蜡,以及油酸盐、肉豆蔻酸盐、亚油酸盐和硬脂酸盐的Ca、Mg和Al盐。
此外,本发明的乳液可以是O/W乳液的形式。这种乳液通常含有油相,用于稳定油相和水相的乳化剂,以及水相,其通常以增稠形式存在。合适的乳化剂优选是O/W乳化剂,例如聚甘油酯、脱水山梨醇酯或部分酯化的甘油酯。
根据另一个优选实施方案,本发明的组合物是头发处理组合物。
本发明的头发处理组合物中的至少一种通式(I)或(I.1)化合物的含量优选是约0.1-30重量%,优选0.5-20重量%,基于组合物的总重量计。
本发明的式(I)和(I.1)的化合物也适合用于定型凝胶。可以使用的凝胶形成剂是在化妆品中常用的所有凝胶形成剂。在此方面,可以参见上文所述的常规增稠剂。
本发明的式(I)和(I.1)的化合物也适合用于制备药物组合物。
合适的药物助剂是在相关药典(例如DAB,Ph.Eur.,BP,NF)中列出的那些,以及其它助剂,其性能不会妨碍生理应用。这类物质的描述例如可以参见Fiedler,H.P.Lexikonder Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie,Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete[用于药物、化妆品和相关领域的助剂],第4版,Aulendorf:ECV-Editio-Kantor-Verlag,1996。
洗涤剂和清洁剂
本发明的式(I)和(I.1)的化合物也适合用于制备洗涤剂或清洁剂,例如用于清洁织物和/或硬表面。这类清洁剂可以以手工或机器洗碟洗涤剂、用于非织物表面的全效清洁剂的形式存在,例如所述表面由金属、上漆的木材或塑料制成,或作为用于陶瓷制品的清洁剂,例如瓷器、板、瓷砖。优选,本发明的洗涤剂或清洁剂是液体织物洗涤剂的形式。如果需要的话,它们也可以按照糊料形式配制。
其中可以有利使用至少一种上述通式(I)或(I.1)化合物的其它配制剂的例子例如是:
全效清洁剂、喷雾清洁剂,手工洗碟洗涤剂,用于家庭、工业和研究领域中的清洁;
润湿剂;
用于印刷工业中的印刷辊和印刷板清洁剂;
油漆和彩色配制剂;
涂料,例如用于纸;
粘合剂;
用于喷雾应用的配制剂,例如用于喷墨油墨中;
皮革处理组合物;
用于处理金属的组合物,例如防腐配制剂;
切割、磨蚀或钻孔助剂和润滑剂;
用于织物工业的配制剂,例如流平剂,或用于纱线清洁的配制剂;
漂浮助剂和发泡助剂。
这些配制剂通常含有其它成分,例如表面活性剂、助洗剂、香料和染料、络合剂、聚合物和其它成分。一般而言,本发明的通式(I)化合物可以用于需要增稠界面活性效果的所有应用领域中。此外,通式(I)化合物适合用于改进其它组分的溶解性,例如其它表面活性组分,例如阴离子表面活性剂。它们也可以对于形成透明的含表面活性剂的溶液做出积极贡献。
下面参考非限制性实施例更详细地说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1:
在配备夹套冷却和SO3进气的连续降膜反应器中,600g的工业级乳酸月桂基酯(68%单酯)与三氧化硫在40℃下反应。摩尔比率是1.2摩尔的SO3/每摩尔的低聚乳酸月桂基酯。通过从相应量的65重量%发烟硫酸加热驱除三氧化硫,用氮气稀释到5体积%浓度,并且经由喷嘴与乳酸月桂基酯接触。然后,与50重量%浓度的氢氧化钠溶液一起,搅拌加入1重量%浓度的磷酸二氢钾溶液,并在pH为5.5-7.5下中和。
分析:
对比例:
在配备夹套冷却和SO3进气的连续降膜反应器中,600g的乳酸月桂基酯(87%单酯)与三氧化硫在40℃下反应。摩尔比率是1.2摩尔的SO3/每摩尔的乳酸月桂基酯。通过从相应量的65重量%发烟硫酸加热驱除三氧化硫,用氮气稀释到5体积%浓度,并且经由喷嘴与乳酸月桂基酯膜接触。然后,与50重量%浓度的氢氧化钠溶液一起,搅拌加入1重量%浓度的磷酸二氢钾溶液,并在pH为5.5-7.5下中和。
分析:
应用试验:
将来自实施例1的物质和对比物质调节到12%的浓度,并加入增加量的NaCl。溶液的粘度是使用粘度计Brookfield DII+pro在22℃的检测温度下检测的。
本发明的实施例显示在较低NaCl浓度下的较高粘度增加。
此外,使用Sita旋转发泡检测仪器检测上述两种物质的发泡性能(1.0g/l,30℃,1300rpm;pH=5.5)。
这两种物质的发泡性能在检测精度范围内是相同的。
Claims (16)
1.具有通式(I)的化合物:
其中
R1是氢,或具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基,
基团R2彼此独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、-OA、-COOR4、-CH2-OA和-CH2-COOR4,其中基团R4是氢或具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基,
基团R3彼此独立地选自氢、甲基、乙基、-OA、-COOR5、-CH2-OA和-CH2-COOR5,其中基团R5是氢或具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基,
A是H或-SO3B,其中B是氢,或单价阳离子,或多价阳离子的单价电荷部分,
n是平均0.1-100的数,
m1和m2彼此独立地是0或1,
前提是至少一个基团A是-SO3B,和
前提是基团R1、R4或R5中的至少一个是具有1-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物(I),其中m1和m2具有相同的含义。
3.根据权利要求1或2的化合物(I),其是衍生自乳酸、乙醇酸、苹果酸、酒石酸或它们的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1或2的化合物(I),其是选自式(I.1)的化合物:
其中
R1是氢,或具有6-30个碳原子和0、1、2或3个双键的直链或支化脂族烃基,
B是氢,或单价阳离子,或多价阳离子的单价电荷部分,和
n是平均0.1-100的数。
5.根据权利要求1或2的化合物(I),其中n是0.15-50的数。
6.根据权利要求5的化合物(I),其中n是0.2-20的数。
7.根据权利要求1或2的化合物(I),其中基团R1、R4和R5中的至少一个是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、正己基、2-乙基己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、2-丙基庚基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基、二十烷基、二十二烷基、二十四烷基、三十烷基、异十三烷基、异硬脂基、油基、亚油基、亚麻基或至少两种这些基团的混合形式。
8.根据权利要求1或2的化合物(I),其中基团R1、R4和R5中的至少一个是衍生自具有8-18个碳原子的直链饱和醇。
9.根据权利要求1或2的化合物(I),其中基团R1、R4和R5中的至少一个是衍生自直链饱和C12/C14-醇的混合物。
10.一种制备通式(I)化合物的方法,其中
a)至少一种具有通式(I.A)的羟基羧酸进行酯化反应,
其中
基团R2、R3和m1如权利要求1-8中任一项所定义,
其中酯化反应在至少一种醇R1-OH的存在下进行,其中R1如权利要求1-9中任一项所定义,或者羟基羧酸(I.A)的酯化产物随后与至少一种醇R1-OH反应,
b)来自步骤a)的反应产物与硫酸化试剂反应,和
c)任选地,来自步骤b)的反应产物至少部分地用碱中和。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中在步骤b)中使用的硫酸化试剂含有SO3或由SO3组成。
12.一种化妆品或药物组合物,其含有:
a)至少一种如权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的通式(I)化合物,
b)至少一种化妆品或药物可接受的活性成分,和
c)任选地至少一种与组分a)和b)不同的化妆品或药物可接受的助剂。
13.根据权利要求12的化妆品组合物,其是头发洗发剂、淋浴凝胶、皂、合成洗涤剂、洗涤糊料、洗液、擦洗制剂、泡沫浴、油浴液、淋浴液、剃须泡沫、剃须液和剃须膏的形式。
14.一种洗涤剂或清洁剂,其含有至少一种如权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的通式(I)化合物.
15.至少一种如权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的通式(I)化合物作为表面活性物质的用途。
16.至少一种如权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的通式(I)化合物作为阴离子表面活性剂用于化妆品组合物、药物组合物、洗涤剂和清洁剂的用途。
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