CN105254563A - 一种荷叶提取物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种荷叶提取物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105254563A
CN105254563A CN201510759184.4A CN201510759184A CN105254563A CN 105254563 A CN105254563 A CN 105254563A CN 201510759184 A CN201510759184 A CN 201510759184A CN 105254563 A CN105254563 A CN 105254563A
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nuciferine
lotus leaf
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CN105254563B (zh
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马亚琼
赵永强
徐旭
高瑞
贾洪涛
张成亮
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INNER MONGOLIA XINJILI BIOTECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D221/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
    • C07D221/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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    • C07D221/18Ring systems of four or more rings

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种荷叶提取物的制备方法,包括海盐浸润、酶提取、氧化铝柱纯化、模拟移动床精制等步骤,得到的荷叶提取物中荷叶碱浓度大于95wt.%,符合国际上被称为高纯度荷叶碱的要求。整个方法所用材料均为常规材料,没有使用有毒溶剂,方法操作简便,成本低且收率高,能降低环境污染,易于产业化。

Description

一种荷叶提取物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从荷叶中提取荷叶碱的高效方法,属于天然植物提取物领域。
背景技术
荷叶是睡莲科莲属植物莲NelumbonuciferaGaertn.的干燥叶片。中医学认为,荷叶性味苦寒,平,归肝、脾、胃、心经,具有清暑利湿,生发清阳,清心去热,止血利水的活性。据《本草纲目》记载“荷叶服之,令人瘦劣”、“生发元气,裨助脾胃,涩精浊,散淤血,消肿痛,发痘疮”。现代药理研究表明荷叶具有降脂减肥、抗氧化、抗衰老、抑制脂肪肝、抑菌、抑制HIV增殖、抗病毒、抗炎、抗过敏等作用。荷叶的临床应用较多的是以复方的形式用于减肥降脂、改善肝脏代谢、延缓衰老等。荷叶中主要含有生物碱类、黄酮类、多糖类等成分,药理研究表明生物碱类成分为其主要活性成分。
荷叶碱,Nuciferin,分子式:C19H21NO2。分子量:295.38,是一种阿朴啡类生物碱,疏水性弱碱。90%以上的荷叶碱为米黄色至类白色结晶性粉末,纯度越高,色泽越浅。它是荷叶中的主要降脂活性成分,具有抗自由基、抑制高胆固醇血症和动脉硬化等药疗、食疗功效。
国内从植物内提取荷叶碱,原料主要是荷叶。我国荷叶资源丰富,价廉易得,可为开发的天然药用植物资源。国际上被称为高纯度荷叶碱的成分指的是大于80%浓度的荷叶碱,而高纯度荷叶碱提取工艺及其复杂。现有工艺多是大孔树脂分离、离子交换树脂分离、聚酰胺树脂分离或逆流色谱分离。如CN200710009464.9公开了荷叶碱的制备方法,将含有荷叶碱的溶液,用阳离子交换树脂吸附至饱和,分别用纯水和一定浓度的亲水性有机溶剂洗去,未发生离子交换的残留料液和吸附力较荷叶碱弱的杂质,再用含有一定浓度阳离子的洗脱剂洗脱荷叶碱,洗脱液回收部分溶剂后加入荷叶碱溶解度调节剂,缓慢冷却洗脱液至开始析出荷叶碱晶体,低温静置养晶,过滤,得荷叶碱结晶。荷叶碱结晶还可进一步在室温条件下,用亲水性有机溶剂重结晶,分别用水和石油醚洗晶除杂,得高纯度荷叶碱晶体。CN200910117596.2公开了一种纯化方法,取10g荷叶总生物碱提取物,用甲醇溶解后MCl-gel(CHP20P75-150μm)柱,甲醇梯度洗脱得到流分B上YMC柱再进行梯度洗脱得到高纯度荷叶碱。CN201010500116.3公开了一种制备方法,将荷叶原料粉碎,加入原料的8~15倍量酸性水溶液,加热提取2~3次,提取液加入大孔树脂柱和阳离子树脂柱,水洗阳离子树脂中性,再用4~7倍量氯化钠溶液洗脱有效成分,得洗脱液,加入纳滤膜浓缩,得浓缩液,调节pH8~10沉淀,沉淀物用乙醇结晶2-3次,干燥得产品。肖文军等公开的“荷叶生物碱柱分离纯化技术研究”,方法是采用醇提,聚酰胺树脂分离。林木仙等发表的“高纯度荷叶碱的制备及其药效研究”,文献采用的是酸性醇提取,离子交换树脂分离,再重结晶,得高纯度荷叶碱。此外还有白秀君发表的硕士论文“荷叶生物碱的的提取分离纯化”,该文献采用逆流色谱分离纯化。以上的几种方法不仅操作复杂,设备昂贵,而且产品含量低、品质差或不宜工业化等。
本申请的发明人试图提出一种从荷叶中提取荷叶碱的高效方法,方法步骤简便,成本低且收率高,易于工业化大生产。
发明内容
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种从荷叶中提取荷叶碱的高效方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料前处理:取荷叶原料,切碎为细条状,加入海盐水,浸润堆放0.5-1h;
(2)提取:将处理后的原料直接置于提取罐中,加入原料重量1-3倍的水,加入水量1-2%的蜗牛酶及荷叶原料重量0.5-1%的维生素C,常温下提取1-3h,过滤,得提取液;
(3)树脂纯化:将步骤(2)得到的提取液直接上样,通过中性氧化铝柱分离,流动相为3%磷酸溶液-乙醇(1:1),收集洗脱液;
(4)模拟移动床精制:将步骤(4)中的洗脱液通过模拟移动床色谱分离,得到富含荷叶碱的提取物;其中,模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为硅胶,洗脱剂为0.1%三乙胺水溶液;吸附区流速1-2BV/h;洗脱区流速1-3BV/h;切换时间为500-800s;温度控制在150℃-30℃;压力控制在0.2MPa-0.4MPa;
(5)将步骤(4)中富含荷叶碱的组分浓缩至固形物含量为30~50wt.%,抽滤,冻干得荷叶提取物产品,产品中荷叶碱含量占95%以上。
本发明还提供了由上述制备方法制得的荷叶提取物,包含浓度大于95wt.%的荷叶碱。
本发明选择了海盐浸润、酶提取、氧化铝柱纯化、模拟移动床精制的联合方法,充分考虑了荷叶的原料特性以及目标成分荷叶碱的溶解特性,经过系统的筛选和优化,确定了上述分离精制法,分离效果极佳,最终得到的荷叶提取物中,荷叶碱浓度大于95wt.%,符合国际上被称为高纯度荷叶碱的要求。并且制备方法优于现有技术中已有的各种制备方法,整个方法所用材料均为常规材料,没有使用有毒溶剂,方法操作简便,成本低且收率高,能降低环境污染,易于产业化。
实验部分
本申请的发明人进行了大量试验,因需要考虑的因素太多,以及筛选过程反复,下文提供的实验结果仅用于表明本发明的制备方法为一个完整的相互关联的制备方法,是经过发明人细致工作得到的成果,并非是现有技术手段的简单组合。其中,测定荷叶碱的方法为本领域公知的方法,可以采用UV法、HPLC法等,具体参数不再详列。
实验材料:荷叶、水、海盐、蜗牛酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、维生素C、水、50%乙醇、3%磷酸溶液、1%三乙胺水溶液;
实验方法:以本发明实施例1的方法为基础,通过省略不同步骤,比较最终产品中荷叶碱的含量。
实验结果见下表。
荷叶碱(%)
实施例1的方法 96.85
实施例1的方法(但省略海盐水浸润步骤) 82.67
实施例1的方法(但酶解步骤用纤维素酶代替蜗牛酶) 82.98
实施例1的方法(但酶解步骤用淀粉酶代替蜗牛酶) 73.41
实施例1的方法(但酶解步骤用蛋白酶代替蜗牛酶) 80.16
实施例1的方法(但酶解步骤用1:1的纤维素酶:淀粉酶代替蜗牛酶) 85.39
实施例1的方法(但酶解步骤不加维生素C) 89.87
实施例1的方法(但选用大孔树脂柱替换氧化铝柱) 71.29
实施例1的方法(但省略树脂纯化步骤) 72.05
实施例1的方法(但省略模拟移动床精制) 65.84
实施例1的方法(但用干硅胶柱替换模拟移动床精制) 79.56
实施例1
取5kg荷叶,切碎为细条状,加入海盐水,浸润堆放0.5h;移至提取罐中,加入原料重量2倍的水,按水量的1%加入蜗牛酶及荷叶原料重量0.5%的维生素C,常温下搅拌提取2h,过滤,得提取液;提取液直接上样,通过中性氧化铝柱分离,流动相为3%磷酸溶液-乙醇(1:1),收集洗脱液;将洗脱液通过模拟移动床色谱分离,其中,模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为硅胶,洗脱剂为0.1%三乙胺水溶液;吸附区流速2BV/h;洗脱区流速3BV/h;切换时间为700s;温度控制在20℃;压力控制在0.3MPa;得到荷叶分离组分;将上述分离组分浓缩至固形物含量50重量%,抽滤,50℃真空干燥得本发明的荷叶提取物产品。经检测,产品中荷叶碱含量为96.85wt.%。
实施例2
取5kg荷叶,切碎为细条状,加入海盐水,浸润堆放1h;移至提取罐中,加入原料重量3倍的水,按水量的2%加入蜗牛酶及荷叶原料重量1%的维生素C,常温下搅拌提取1h,过滤,得提取液;提取液直接上样,通过中性氧化铝柱分离,流动相为3%磷酸溶液-乙醇(1:1),收集洗脱液;将洗脱液通过模拟移动床色谱分离,其中,模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为硅胶,洗脱剂为0.1%三乙胺水溶液;吸附区流速2BV/h;洗脱区流速3BV/h;切换时间为700s;温度控制在25℃;压力控制在0.4MPa;得到荷叶分离组分;将上述分离组分浓缩至固形物含量50重量%,抽滤,50℃真空干燥得本发明的荷叶提取物产品。经检测,产品中荷叶碱含量为95.96wt.%。

Claims (2)

1.本发明提供了一种从荷叶中提取荷叶碱的高效方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料前处理:取荷叶原料,切碎为细条状,加入海盐水,浸润堆放0.5-1h;
(2)提取:将处理后的原料直接置于提取罐中,加入原料重量1-3倍的水,加入水量1-2%的蜗牛酶及荷叶原料重量0.5-1%的维生素C,常温下提取1-3h,过滤,得提取液;
(3)树脂纯化:将步骤(2)得到的提取液直接上样,通过中性氧化铝柱分离,流动相为3%磷酸溶液-乙醇(1:1),收集洗脱液;
(4)模拟移动床精制:将步骤(4)中的洗脱液通过模拟移动床色谱分离,得到富含荷叶碱的提取物;其中,模拟移动床色谱填充的吸附剂为硅胶,洗脱剂为0.1%三乙胺水溶液;吸附区流速1-2BV/h;洗脱区流速1-3BV/h;切换时间为500-800s;温度控制在150℃-30℃;压力控制在0.2MPa-0.4MPa;
(5)将步骤(4)中富含荷叶碱的组分浓缩至固形物含量为30~50wt.%,抽滤,冻干得荷叶提取物产品,产品中荷叶碱含量占95%以上。
2.如权利要求1的方法制得的荷叶提取物,荷叶碱的含量大于95wt.%。
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