CN105250875A - Preparation method of medicine for ruminant food accumulation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of medicine for ruminant food accumulation. The preparation method comprises the following steps that 1, raw material medicines are cleaned, wherein the raw material medicines comprise flos lonicerae, radix scutellariae, rheum officinale, fructus crataegi, rhizoma picrorhizae, mirabilite, wine rhizoma anemarrhenae, wine radix scutellariae, medicated leaven, semen cannabis, fructus aurantii, pericarpium citri reticulatae, bunge cherry seeds, radix astragali processed with honey, radix codonopsis, fructus amomi, fructus chaenomelis lagenariae, polyporus umbellatus, agilawood, rhizoma dioscoreae, radix ophiopogonis and liquorice; 2, the medicines are soaked; 3, decocting is performed; 4, concentrated medicine juice obtained in the step 3 is filtered; 5, heating and ultraviolet sterilization are performed on filtrate obtained in the step 4, then traditional Chinese medicine liquor is obtained, fermentation materials are prepared through the steps that straw is chopped into short grass with the length about 2-3 cm, every 100 kg of the straw is sprayed with 1 kg of sodium hydroxide solutions with the mass percent of 5%, stirring is performed while even spraying is performed, then the straw is covered with plastic film to be fermented at room temperature for 24 h, the slightly-salty fermentation materials are obtained, and the weight ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine liquor to the fermentation materials is 5-8:50-100. According to the preparation method of the medicine for ruminant food accumulation, matching is easy, use is convenient, and the treatment effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, promoting Qi circulation and relieving pain, tonifying the spleen and stimulating appetite, strengthening the middle warm and benefiting Qi, cooling blood and promoting fluid production are achieved.

Description

Pharmacophagous manufacture method is amassed for ruminant

technical field:

The present invention relates to cultural technique field, particularly relate to one and amass pharmacophagous manufacture method for ruminant.

background technology:

Along with improving constantly of economic development and national life level, consumer of China significantly promotes for the quality requirements of beef, and high-quality high-grade beef items presents in China consumption market the situation that supply falls short of demand.The import volume of the freezing beef of China in 2010 reaches 2.37 ten thousand tons, increased by 67.4%, and disclosed the huge potentiality of China's Beef market demand than upper one year.Therefore, in " 12 " period, China's beef raising development space is infinitely wide, is the crucial transitional period of expansion amount upgrading.On the other hand, current China beef raising also also exists problems, as low in economic efficiency in beef cattle amount of livestock on hand continuous slide, peasant's cowboying, benign epilepsy is built and delayed, is low-levelly on a small scale raised that mode proportion is comparatively large, beef items supervision of quality safety dynamics is weak scattered, simultaneously, the problems such as breeding scale land used is difficult, financing difficulties, and the slow or farrowing rate of reproduction speed is not high also form serious constraint to the development of beef raising.

For steer ration factory, beef cattle fatten in process, need to be fattened as early as possible by feedstuff, but because beef cattle searches for food a large amount of indigestibility, expansive feedstuff causes rumen dyspepsia.Stagnate with content, volume increases, and coat of the stomach pressurized and neural paralysis are feature.Traditional treatment, doctor trained in Western medicine mode is eliminated stagnant, excited cud, is aided with heart tonifying, fluid infusion, correction acidosis.Several cases can use gastric lavage and operative therapy.After bovine rumen dyspepsia, not prompt enough due to what treat, cause knot excrement to be discharged comparatively slow, especially large constipation of colon, what formed is slower, that gets rid of is also comparatively slow, can cause larger injury, cause pyretic toxicity to invade nutrient blood to body, large impairment of body fluid liquid, cause pachyemia, blood is slow, causes the organs and tissues congestion of certain part red and swollen.As tied rear enteritis, spleen enlargement etc.Distinguish disease: sick cattle tired mind, big-eared ear of bowing, happiness is sleeping, and anger is blamed, and arrange a small amount of liquid dung, intestinal paralambdacism l, mouth color is dark red, xerostomia, and rapid pulse sinks, and fever, accelerated breathing, auscultation has dry rale.Examination per rectum, without knot excrement, but moves after having spleen, exceeds last rib, and enlargement is as discus sample, and a surname is soft for quality, has pressed pain.Appetite is absolutely useless.

Traditional therapeutic modality, such as, magnesium sulfate 800g ordinary water 4000ml usage: once gavage.Or, 10% sodium chloride injection 500ml, 5% calcirm chloride inj 150ml, 10% caffeine and sodium benzoate injection 30ml, usage a: intravenous injection.Also the mode adopting treatment by Chinese herbs is had, traditional gas that holds falls apart: prescription is: Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 60g Fructus Aurantii Immaturus 60g Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis 90g gets rid of bulky 60g Polyporus 60g Fructus Chaenomelis 45g Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride 45g Fructus Cannabis 60g Fructus Crataegi 120g Radix Glycyrrhizae 30g Radix Aucklandiae 30g Rhizoma Cyperi 45g usage: grind into powder, boiled water rushes, and once takes.

Above-mentioned therapeutic effect is all undesirable, and it is simple that the present invention aims to provide a kind of proportioning, easy to use, treats with heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, blood circulation promoting and blood stasis dispelling, promoting the circulation of QI to relieve pain, spleen benefiting and stimulating the appetite, invigorating the spleen and replenishing QI, and removing heat from blood promotes the production of body fluid and amasss pharmacophagous manufacture method for principle for ruminant.

summary of the invention:

The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming existed in prior art, provide a kind of proportioning simple, easy to use, treat with heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, blood circulation promoting and blood stasis dispelling, promoting the circulation of QI to relieve pain, spleen benefiting and stimulating the appetite, invigorating the spleen and replenishing QI, removing heat from blood promotes the production of body fluid and amasss pharmacophagous manufacture method for principle for ruminant.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of for ruminant food stagnation medicine, wherein, comprise the following component according to unit of weight configuration:

Flos Lonicerae 10-30 gram, Radix Scutellariae 8-25 gram, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 5-15 gram, Fructus Crataegi 8-25 gram, Rhizoma Picrorhizae 10-30 gram, Natrii Sulfas 7-20 gram, wine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 5-15 gram, Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine) 5-15 gram, Massa Medicata Fermentata 8-25 gram, Fructus Cannabis 8-25 gram, Fructus Aurantii 8-25 gram, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 8-25 gram, Semen Pruni 8-25 gram, sweet Radix Astragali 15-50 gram, Radix Codonopsis 10-30 gram, Fructus Amomi 10-30 gram, Fructus Chaenomelis 8-25 gram, Polyporus 10-20 gram, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 7-20 gram, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 7-25 gram, Radix Ophiopogonis 7-25 gram, Radix Glycyrrhizae 10-20 gram.

Or, comprise the following component according to unit of weight configuration:

Flos Lonicerae 10-25 gram, Radix Scutellariae 8-20 gram, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 5-10 gram, Fructus Crataegi 8-20 gram, Rhizoma Picrorhizae 10-25 gram, Natrii Sulfas 7-15 gram, wine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 5-10 gram, Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine) 5-10 gram, Massa Medicata Fermentata 8-20 gram, Fructus Cannabis 8-20 gram, Fructus Aurantii 8-20 gram, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 8-20 gram, Semen Pruni 8-20 gram, sweet Radix Astragali 15-40 gram, Radix Codonopsis 10-25 gram, Fructus Amomi 10-25 gram, Fructus Chaenomelis 8-20 gram, Polyporus 10-15 gram, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 7-15 gram, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 7-20 gram, Radix Ophiopogonis 7-20 gram, Radix Glycyrrhizae 10-15 gram.

Or, comprise the following component according to unit of weight configuration:

Flos Lonicerae 15-30 gram, Radix Scutellariae 15-25 gram, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 10-15 gram, Fructus Crataegi 15-25 gram, Rhizoma Picrorhizae 15-30 gram, Natrii Sulfas 15-20 gram, wine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10-15 gram, Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine) 10-15 gram, Massa Medicata Fermentata 15-25 gram, Fructus Cannabis 15-25 gram, Fructus Aurantii 15-25 gram, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 15-25 gram, Semen Pruni 15-25 gram, sweet Radix Astragali 20-50 gram, Radix Codonopsis 15-30 gram, Fructus Amomi 15-30 gram, Fructus Chaenomelis 15-25 gram, Polyporus 15-20 gram, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 15-20 gram, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 15-25 gram, Radix Ophiopogonis 15-25 gram, Radix Glycyrrhizae 15-20 gram.

Or, comprise the following component according to unit of weight configuration:

Flos Lonicerae 12-28 gram, Radix Scutellariae 10-22 gram, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 8-12 gram, Fructus Crataegi 10-22 gram, Rhizoma Picrorhizae 12-28 gram, Natrii Sulfas 10-18 gram, wine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 8-12 gram, Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine) 8-12 gram, Massa Medicata Fermentata 10-22 gram, Fructus Cannabis 10-22 gram, Fructus Aurantii 10-22 gram, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 10-22 gram, Semen Pruni 10-22 gram, sweet Radix Astragali 22-42 gram, Radix Codonopsis 12-28 gram, Fructus Amomi 12-28 gram, Fructus Chaenomelis 10-22 gram, Polyporus 12-18 gram, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 12-18 gram, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 12-22 gram, Radix Ophiopogonis 12-22 gram, Radix Glycyrrhizae 12-18 gram.

Amass pharmacophagous manufacture method for ruminant, wherein, comprise the steps:

When described compositions is honey refining pill, its manufacture method is as follows:

Each crude drug is soaked 30 minutes to 1 hour, heated and boiled 30 minutes, filter, filtrate is for subsequent use; Filtering residue adds water, second time heating, and boil 30 minutes, refilter, filtrate is for subsequent use; Filtering residue adds water again, for the third time heated and boiled 40 minutes, filters; Three filtrates be combined, heating is concentrated into pasty state, puts into baking oven, controls at 80 DEG C, and after drying, cooling, mixes with Mel and be twisted into slice, and pill wax seal is packed;

Or when the dosage form of Chinese medicine composition is capsule, its manufacture method is as follows:

Each crude drug is added the ethanol of gross weight 10 times amount, heating and refluxing extraction 3 times, each 2 hours, 3 extracting solution are merged, decompression recycling ethanol, and to be concentrated into liquor strength be 0.5g crude drug/ml, after sucking filtration, when the relative density of filtrate is 20 DEG C 1.08; Described filtrate flow is the adsorption resin column of 10L through volume, uses deionized water or the distilled water eluting of 10 times of resin column volumes afterwards, then uses 95% ethanol elution of 5 times of resin column volumes, collect ethanol elution, remove alcohol solvent, obtain component medicated powder, incapsulate and be made as capsule.

The present invention also can use with feedstuff mix and blend, during with feedstuff mix and blend, needs to prepare Chinese medicine mixed liquor and sprays with feedstuff (fermentation), eats for cow.

Prepare Chinese medicine mixed liquor:

A, cleaning crude drug;

The step of B, demulcen: the raw material of Chinese medicine medicine cleaned up, use water injection type medicine processing device to carry out demulcen operation, demulcen makes the cell imbibition of dehydration, for abstraction process creates conditions;

The step of C, decoction: sufficient for demulcen in step B Chinese medicinal components is placed in materials decoction device, extracts a not good liquor after heating decocts; Add water again and continue to decoct, extract two not good liquors; Add water again and continue to decoct, extract three not good liquors; By a not good liquor, two not good liquors, three not good liquors merge together, carry out heating and concentrate, obtain concentrated juice;

D, by step C gained concentrated juice, add the ethanol that mass percent concentration is 95%, the amount added is 10% of concentrated juice weight, to precipitate water-solubility impurity, adds additives, described additives are any one or a few in correctives, antibacterial, antioxidant or coloring agent, concentrated juice is uniformly dissolved, filters, use filter press, micropore filter to filter, obtain filtrate

Described additives are lecithin, surfactant, modified starch series carbohydrate, cyclodextrin, glucose oligomer, ion exchange resin, protein, zeolite etc.Sucrose, simple syrup and syrupus aromaticus.Syrupus aromaticus is as orange syrup, syrupus citri, cherry syrup, glycyrrhiza syrup and Cortex cinnamomi japonici (Ramulus Cinnamomi) syrup etc.Natural sweetener stevioside, sodium alginate, arabic gum, gelatin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, any one in organic acid (as citric acid, tartaric acid).

E, step D filtrate to be heated, according to the different principle of boiling point, filtering ethanol and additives from filtrate, recentrifuge filters, and obtains traditional Chinese medicine liquid after ultraviolet sterilization,

Prepare fermentation material: straw cuts up with a hay cutter into the short grass being about 2-3 cm, it is 5% sodium hydroxide solution 1 kilogram that every 100 kilograms of straws spray mass percent, and spray and want evenly, spray limit, limit is stirred, after spraying, plastic covering film room temperature obtains saltish fermentation material after fermenting 24 hours

The weight ratio of traditional Chinese medicine liquid and fermentation material is 5-8:50-100

This fermentation material with traditional Chinese medicine liquid, taste is micro-salty, and bitterness is light, and cattle can eat voluntarily.

Proportioning of the present invention is simple, and easy to use, treat with heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, blood circulation promoting and blood stasis dispelling, promoting the circulation of QI to relieve pain, spleen benefiting and stimulating the appetite, invigorating the spleen and replenishing QI, removing heat from blood promotes the production of body fluid for principle.The effect observation of 60 example treatment rumen dyspepsia, effective percentage 95%.

detailed description of the invention:

Object lesson 1,

4 years old sick cattle, performance, muddy water from head to foot, stretches neck and bows, and happiness is sleeping, plays unable to sleep soundly, and body temperature is normal, auscultation, palpitating speed, small intestinal paralambdacism l, the large colon sound of right survey without.Examination per rectum, the large constipation of colon of right survey is constipated comparatively large as medicated pillow.With conventional therapy, heart tonifying fluid infusion, analgesia, gavages Natrii Sulfas, paraffin oil.Because the course of disease is longer, constipated comparatively large, discharge also just comparatively slow, after four hours, discharge much shapeless excrement treating water.This Niu Anjing after defecation, but recurrence next day.Still do not pasture, happiness is sleeping, and clinical examination body temperature raises, and oral cavity is more dry, breathes heavily, auscultation intestinal paralambdacism l, examination per rectum, without knot excrement.Upper left is surveyed and is checked through spleen enlargement, after move and exceed 10 centimetres, last rib, a surname is soft for spleen quality, as discus, has pressed pain.Be diagnosed as the secondary disease spleen enlargement that rumen dyspepsia causes.As follows with side:

Flos Lonicerae 30 grams, Radix Scutellariae 25 grams, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 15 grams, Fructus Crataegi 25 grams, Rhizoma Picrorhizae 30 grams, 20 grams, Natrii Sulfas, the wine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 15 grams, Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine) 15 grams, Massa Medicata Fermentata 25 grams, Fructus Cannabis 25 grams, Fructus Aurantii 25 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 25 grams, Semen Pruni 25 grams, the sweet Radix Astragali 50 grams, Radix Codonopsis 30 grams, Fructus Amomi 30 grams, Fructus Chaenomelis 25 grams, Polyporus 20 grams, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 20 grams, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 25 grams, Radix Ophiopogonis 25 grams, 20 grams, Radix Glycyrrhizae

Crude drug cleans the decoction liquor of rear decoction, decocts three times altogether, and three times decoction liquor merges together, after filtration, gavage, twice on the one, within second day, this cattle pain symptom disappears, quieter, body temperature is slightly high, per rectum inspection, and spleen has been subsided a swelling reset, and auscultation intestinal sound is weak, hear sounds is weak.Mouth color is redder.Medication potion again, recovery from illness.

Object lesson 2

3 years old cows, foodstuff is too much, does not ruminate, sick cattle tired mind, big-eared ear of bowing, and happiness is sleeping, and anger is blamed, and arrange a small amount of liquid dung, intestinal paralambdacism l, mouth color is dark red, xerostomia, and rapid pulse sinks, and fever, accelerated breathing, auscultation has dry rale.Examination per rectum, without knot excrement.

As follows with side:

Flos Lonicerae 25 grams, Radix Scutellariae 20 grams, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 10 grams, Fructus Crataegi 20 grams, Rhizoma Picrorhizae 25 grams, 15 grams, Natrii Sulfas, the wine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 10 grams, Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine) 10 grams, Massa Medicata Fermentata 20 grams, Fructus Cannabis 20 grams, Fructus Aurantii 20 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 20 grams, Semen Pruni 20 grams, the sweet Radix Astragali 40 grams, Radix Codonopsis 25 grams, Fructus Amomi 25 grams, Fructus Chaenomelis 20 grams, Polyporus 15 grams, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 15 grams, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 20 grams, Radix Ophiopogonis 20 grams, 15 grams, Radix Glycyrrhizae.

Crude drug cleans the decoction liquor of rear decoction, decocts three times altogether, and three times decoction liquor merges together, after filtration, gavage, twice on the one, within second day, this cattle pain symptom disappears, quieter, body temperature is slightly high, per rectum inspection, and spleen has been subsided a swelling reset, and auscultation intestinal sound is weak, hear sounds is weak.Mouth color is redder.Medication potion again, recovery from illness.

Object lesson 3

4 years old bulls, fight for foodstuff, and the meticulous material of Semen Glycines powder is too much edible, causes abdominal distention, does not ruminate, sick cattle tired mind, big-eared ear of bowing, and happiness is sleeping, and arrange a small amount of liquid dung, intestinal paralambdacism l, mouth color is dark red, xerostomia, and rapid pulse sinks, and fever, accelerated breathing, auscultation has dry rale.Take following prescription.

Flos Lonicerae 12 grams, Radix Scutellariae 10 grams, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei 8 grams, Fructus Crataegi 10 grams, Rhizoma Picrorhizae 12 grams, 10 grams, Natrii Sulfas, the wine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae 8 grams, Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine) 8 grams, Massa Medicata Fermentata 10 grams, Fructus Cannabis 10 grams, Fructus Aurantii 10 grams, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 10 grams, Semen Pruni 10 grams, the sweet Radix Astragali 22 grams, Radix Codonopsis 12 grams, Fructus Amomi 12 grams, Fructus Chaenomelis 10 grams, Polyporus 12 grams, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum 12 grams, Rhizoma Dioscoreae 12 grams, Radix Ophiopogonis 12 grams, 12 grams, Radix Glycyrrhizae.

A, cleaning crude drug;

The step of B, demulcen: the raw material of Chinese medicine medicine cleaned up, use water injection type medicine processing device to carry out demulcen operation, demulcen makes the cell imbibition of dehydration, for abstraction process creates conditions;

The step of C, decoction: sufficient for demulcen in step B Chinese medicinal components is placed in materials decoction device, extracts a not good liquor after heating decocts; Add water again and continue to decoct, extract two not good liquors; Add water again and continue to decoct, extract three not good liquors; By a not good liquor, two not good liquors, three not good liquors merge together, carry out heating and concentrate, obtain concentrated juice;

D, by step C gained concentrated juice, add the ethanol that mass percent concentration is 95%, the amount added is 10% of concentrated juice weight, to precipitate water-solubility impurity, adds additives, described additives are any one or a few in correctives, antibacterial, antioxidant or coloring agent, concentrated juice is uniformly dissolved, filters, use filter press, micropore filter to filter, obtain filtrate

Described additives are lecithin, surfactant, modified starch series carbohydrate, cyclodextrin, glucose oligomer, ion exchange resin, protein, zeolite etc.Sucrose, simple syrup and syrupus aromaticus.Syrupus aromaticus is as orange syrup, syrupus citri, cherry syrup, glycyrrhiza syrup and Cortex cinnamomi japonici (Ramulus Cinnamomi) syrup etc.Natural sweetener stevioside, sodium alginate, arabic gum, gelatin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, any one in organic acid (as citric acid, tartaric acid).

E, step D filtrate to be heated, according to the different principle of boiling point, filtering ethanol and additives from filtrate, recentrifuge filters, and obtains traditional Chinese medicine liquid after ultraviolet sterilization,

Prepare fermentation material: straw cuts up with a hay cutter into the short grass being about 2-3 cm, it is 5% sodium hydroxide solution 1 kilogram that every 100 kilograms of straws spray mass percent, and spray and want evenly, spray limit, limit is stirred, after spraying, plastic covering film room temperature obtains saltish fermentation material after fermenting 24 hours

The weight ratio of traditional Chinese medicine liquid and fermentation material is 8:50

This fermentation material with traditional Chinese medicine liquid, taste is micro-salty, and bitterness is light, and cattle can eat voluntarily.

Every day feeding twice, one time 3 kilograms, second day this cattle pain symptom disappears, and quieter, body temperature is slightly high, per rectum inspection, and spleen has been subsided a swelling reset, and auscultation intestinal sound is weak, hear sounds is weak.Mouth color is redder.Multiple prestige 2 days, recovery from illness.

Claims (1)

1. amass a pharmacophagous manufacture method for ruminant, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

A, cleaning crude drug; Crude drug is: Flos Lonicerae, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei, Fructus Crataegi, Rhizoma Picrorhizae, Natrii Sulfas, the wine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine), Massa Medicata Fermentata, Fructus Cannabis, Fructus Aurantii, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Semen Pruni, the sweet Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis, Fructus Amomi, Fructus Chaenomelis, Polyporus, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Glycyrrhizae;

The step of B, demulcen: the raw material of Chinese medicine medicine cleaned up, use water injection type medicine processing device to carry out demulcen operation, demulcen makes the cell imbibition of dehydration, for abstraction process creates conditions;

The step of C, decoction: sufficient for demulcen in step B Chinese medicinal components is placed in materials decoction device, extracts a not good liquor after heating decocts; Add water again and continue to decoct, extract two not good liquors; Add water again and continue to decoct, extract three not good liquors; By a not good liquor, two not good liquors, three not good liquors merge together, carry out heating and concentrate, obtain concentrated juice;

D, by step C gained concentrated juice, add the ethanol that mass percent concentration is 95%, the amount added is 10% of concentrated juice weight, to precipitate water-solubility impurity, adds additives, described additives are any one or a few in correctives, antibacterial, antioxidant or coloring agent, concentrated juice is uniformly dissolved, filters, use filter press, micropore filter to filter, obtain filtrate

E, step D filtrate to be heated, according to the different principle of boiling point, filtering ethanol and additives from filtrate, recentrifuge filters, and obtains traditional Chinese medicine liquid after ultraviolet sterilization,

Prepare fermentation material: straw cuts up with a hay cutter into the short grass being about 2-3 cm, it is 5% sodium hydroxide solution 1 kilogram that every 100 kilograms of straws spray mass percent, and spray and want evenly, spray limit, limit is stirred, after spraying, plastic covering film room temperature obtains saltish fermentation material after fermenting 24 hours

The weight ratio of traditional Chinese medicine liquid and fermentation material is 5-8:50-100.