CN105237722A - 一种水性聚氨酯及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水性聚氨酯及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105237722A
CN105237722A CN201510622399.1A CN201510622399A CN105237722A CN 105237722 A CN105237722 A CN 105237722A CN 201510622399 A CN201510622399 A CN 201510622399A CN 105237722 A CN105237722 A CN 105237722A
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姬文晋
张磊
宋巍
郑育英
庄鸿杰
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水性聚氨酯及其制备方法,旨在提供一种环保性能好、高固含量,低粘度,稳定性好的水性聚氨酯;其技术要点是:所述的水性聚氨酯由下述组分制成:脂肪族异氰酸酯8%-20%,聚醚多元醇10-20%,DMPA1%-5%,三乙胺1%-3%,乙二胺0.1%-3%,二乙烯三胺0-3%,水60%-80%:属于高分子材料技术领域。

Description

一种水性聚氨酯及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法,具体的说,是一种采用逐步聚合法制备水性聚氨酯的方法,属于高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
水性聚氨酯(WPU)是以水为分散介质的二元胶体体系,它不仅具有溶剂型聚氨酯(PU)的优点(如优良的耐低温性、柔韧性好和粘接强度高等),而且还具有不燃、气味小、不污染环境、节约能源和操作施工方便等优点。目前,WPU已在涂料、胶粘剂(包括汽车内饰件、装饰材料、复合薄膜、鞋底和鞋帮等材料的粘接)和皮革涂饰剂等方面得到广泛应用。目前,国内对芳香族异氰酸酯类WPU的研究报道较多,而对脂肪族异氰酸酯类WPU的研究则报道较少。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,环保、健康、高性能和综合性能优异的绿色产品已逐渐成为未来发展的主流,因此,环保性能更好的脂肪族异氰酸酯类WPU产品将越来越受到重视。
专利CN201310394202.4公开了一种水性聚氨酯树脂及其合成方法,该水性聚氨酯树脂主要由聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇、固体MDI、二元醇、亲水扩链剂、交联剂、乙酸乙酯、催化剂、胺中和剂、胺扩链剂1-5份、水经聚合、乳化制备而成。该方法工艺比较精简,可以有效节省能源,降低生产成本,但是该方法配方中使用了外交联剂,增加了配方的复杂性,并且影响树脂的性能。
专利CN201410027501.9公开了一种改性水性聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,由下列重量比的原料组成:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯10-20%,聚酯多元醇10-20%,二羟甲基丙酸5-10%,三乙胺5-10%,一缩二乙二醇5-10%,去离子水40-60%,二乙烯三胺1-3%。该方法使用聚酯多元醇作为原料,合成的树脂亲水性相比聚醚多元醇稍差,另外,小分子多元醇作为扩链剂虽然可以降低成本,但同时会降低树脂的强度和延伸性,使得材料的力学性能下降。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种环保性能好、高固含量,低粘度,稳定性好的水性聚氨酯。
为此,本发明提供的技术方案是这样的:
一种水性聚氨酯,所述的水性聚氨酯由下述组分制成:脂肪族异氰酸酯8%-20%,聚醚多元醇10-20%,DMPA1%-5%,三乙胺1%-3%,乙二胺0.1%-3%,二乙烯三胺0-3%,水60%-80%。
上述的水性聚氨酯方法,依次包括下述步骤:
1)按权利要求1所述的质量百分比称取各个组分;
2)将脂肪族异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇加入反应瓶,70-90℃搅拌反应1-4小时,滴加催化剂,继续反应1-3h;
3)当-NCO含量达到10%,将反应瓶取出冷却至30-50℃,加入DMPA溶液,反应0.5-2h,然后将温度升至70-90℃继续反应1-4h;
4)将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至30-50℃,加入三乙胺中和,继续搅拌0.5-1.5h,降温2-10min,然后提高搅拌速度,缓慢加入8-12℃的去离子水,待发生相反转之后加入乙二胺溶液扩链,然后加入二乙烯三胺继续扩链,即得产品。
进一步,上述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,所述的脂肪族异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯。
进一步,上述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,所述的催化剂为高活性金属羧酸盐催化剂。
进一步,上述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,所述的聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇。
进一步,上述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,所述的DMPA溶液将DMPA溶于2-3倍质量的NMP中,制得DMPA溶液。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的技术方案具体如下优点:
1、本发明制备的水性聚氨酯树脂具有高固含量,低粘度,稳定性好的特点;
2、本发明使用NMP作为DMPA的溶剂,绿色环保,毒性小;
3、本发明使用K24作为预聚反应的催化剂,避免使用毒性大的有机锡类催化剂,对实验操作人员及环境绿色友好;
4、本发明使用乙二胺和二乙烯三胺作为扩链剂,扩链后的分子呈网状结构,具有适当的交联度,干燥后可以形成致密的膜,具有良好的耐水性和储存稳定性。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的水性聚氨酯红外谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例来进一步解释本发明,但不构成对本发明的任何限制,任何人在本发明权利要求保护范围内所做的有限次的修改,仍在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
下述实施例的中实验原料和设备如下:
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI):工业级,德国拜耳
聚醚二元醇(PTMG1000):工业级,德国巴斯夫
2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA):工业级,江西南城红都化工科技开发有限公司
三乙胺:分析纯,广州化学试剂厂
乙二胺:分析纯,广州化学试剂厂
二乙烯三胺:分析纯,广州化学试剂厂
N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP):分析纯,广州化学试剂厂
Kat24催化剂:工业级,OMGborchers公司
实施例1
本发明提供的一种水性聚氨酯通过下述步骤依次制得:
1)DMPA溶液的制备:将6.32gDMPA溶于12.64gNMP中,制得DMPA溶液;
2)将31.4gIPDI、41.70gPTMG加入三口反应瓶,90℃油浴,机械搅拌2h;加入1-3滴绿色催化剂Kat24,继续反应1h;
3)当-NCO%达到10%时,将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至40℃,加入18.96g步骤1)制备的DMPA溶液,反应1h,然后将温度升至75℃继续反应2h;
4)将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至45℃,加入4.52g三乙胺中和,继续搅拌0.5-1.5h,后用冰水降温8min,然后提高搅拌速度到1000r/min,并缓慢加入200克10℃离子水,待相反转之后加入15.33乙二胺溶液扩链,再加入3.12克二乙烯三胺扩链,即得产品。
其中:乙二胺溶液是将2.06g乙二胺溶于13.27克10℃离子水中制得。
产品红外谱图参阅图1,3335cm-1和1535cm-1分别为N-H伸缩振动峰和弯曲振动峰,1716cm-1为氨基甲酸酯中C—O的伸缩振动峰,1040cm-1为PTMG的C—O—C的伸缩振动峰,表明生成了聚醚型聚氨酯产物;而2240cm-1-2280cm-1处没有出现强的红外峰,说明-NCO已经反应完全。
实施例2
本发明提供的另一种水性聚氨酯通过下述步骤依次制得:
1)DMPA溶液的制备:将4.39gDMPA溶于9gNMP中,制得DMPA溶液;
2)将33.35gIPDI、50.00gPTMG加入三口反应瓶,85℃油浴,机械搅拌2h;加入1-3滴绿色催化剂Kat24,继续反应1h;
3)当-NCO%达到10%时,将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至40℃,加入13.39g步骤1)制备的DMPA溶液,反应1h,然后将温度升至75℃继续反应2h;
4)将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至45℃,加入3.31g三乙胺中和,继续搅拌1.5h,后用冰水降温10min,然后提高搅拌速度到1100r/min,并缓慢加入200克10℃离子水,待相反转之后加入23.64乙二胺溶液扩链,再加入2.06g二乙烯三胺扩链,即得产品。
其中:乙二胺溶液是将3.64g乙二胺溶于20克10℃离子水中制得。
产品红外谱图参阅图1,3335cm-1和1535cm-1分别为N-H伸缩振动峰和弯曲振动峰,1716cm-1为氨基甲酸酯中C—O的伸缩振动峰,1040cm-1为PTMG的C—O—C的伸缩振动峰,表明生成了聚醚型聚氨酯产物;而2240cm-1-2280cm-1处没有出现强的红外峰,说明-NCO已经反应完全。
实施例3
本发明提供的另一种水性聚氨酯通过下述步骤依次制得:
1)DMPA溶液制备:将8.05gDMPA溶于16gNMP中,制得DMPA溶液;
2)将44.46gIPDI、66.70gPTMG加入三口反应瓶,80℃油浴,机械搅拌2h;加入1-3滴绿色催化剂Kat24(无锡类环保催化剂BorchiKat24),继续反应2h;
3)当-NCO%达到10%时,将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至45℃,加入24.05g步骤1)制备的DMPA溶液,反应2h,然后将温度升至80℃继续反应2h;
4)将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至45℃,加入6.07g三乙胺中和,继续搅拌1.5h,后用冰水降温5min,然后提高搅拌速度到1200r/min,并缓慢加入150克10℃离子水,待相反转之后加入55.53克乙二胺溶液扩链,再加入2.06g二乙烯三胺扩链,即得产品。
其中:乙二胺溶液是将3.96g乙二胺溶于51.57克10℃离子水中制得。
产品红外谱图参阅图1,3335cm-1和1535cm-1分别为N-H伸缩振动峰和弯曲振动峰,1716cm-1为氨基甲酸酯中C—O的伸缩振动峰,1040cm-1为PTMG的C—O—C的伸缩振动峰,表明生成了聚醚型聚氨酯产物;而2240cm-1-2280cm-1处没有出现强的红外峰,说明-NCO已经反应完全。
实施例4
本发明提供的另一种水性聚氨酯通过下述步骤依次制得:
1)DMPA溶液的制备:将3.93gDMPA溶于8gNMP中,制得DMPA溶液;
2)将33.35gIPDI、50gPTMG加入三口反应瓶,90℃油浴,机械搅拌2h;加入1-3滴绿色催化剂Kat24,继续反应1h;
3)当-NCO%达到10%时,将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至40℃,加入11.93g步骤1)制备的DMPA溶液,反应1.5h,然后将温度升至80℃继续反应3h;
4)将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至40℃,加入2.96g三乙胺中和,继续搅拌1h,后用冰水降温7min,提高搅拌速度到1400r/min,并缓慢加入120克10℃离子水,待相反转之后加入33.82克乙二胺溶液扩链,再加入3.82g二乙烯三胺扩链,即得产品。
其中:乙二胺溶液是将3.82g乙二胺溶于30克10℃离子水中制得。
产品红外谱图参阅图1,3335cm-1和1535cm-1分别为N-H伸缩振动峰和弯曲振动峰,1716cm-1为氨基甲酸酯中C—O的伸缩振动峰,1040cm-1为PTMG的C—O—C的伸缩振动峰,表明生成了聚醚型聚氨酯产物;而2240cm-1-2280cm-1处没有出现强的红外峰,说明-NCO已经反应完全。
为了更好的说明本发明的优点,下面给出本发明所提供的产品与市场上常规产品性能的对比实验。
固含量(%) 乳液粘度(mPa·s) 储存稳定性 吸水率(%)
本发明产品 36 90 30天不分层 5.6
市售产品1 30 56 10天分层 24.7
市售产品2 30 64 15天分层 26.1

Claims (6)

1.一种水性聚氨酯,其特征在于,所述的水性聚氨酯由下述组分制成:脂肪族异氰酸酯8%-20%,聚醚多元醇10-20%,DMPA1%-5%,三乙胺1%-3%,乙二胺0.1%-3%,二乙烯三胺0-3%,水60%-80%。
2.制备权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯方法,其特征在于,依次包括下述步骤:
1)按权利要求1所述的质量百分比称取各个组分;
2)将脂肪族异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇加入反应瓶,70-90℃搅拌反应1-4小时,滴加催化剂,继续反应1-3h;
3)当-NCO含量达到10%,将反应瓶取出冷却至30-50℃,加入DMPA溶液,反应0.5-2h,然后将温度升至70-90℃继续反应1-4h;
4)将反应瓶从油浴中取出冷却至30-50℃,加入三乙胺中和,继续搅拌0.5-1.5h,降温2-10min,然后提高搅拌速度,缓慢加入8-12℃的去离子水,待发生相反转之后加入乙二胺溶液扩链,然后加入二乙烯三胺继续扩链,即得产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的脂肪族异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为高活性金属羧酸盐催化剂。
5.根据权利要求2所述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚醚多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇。
6.根据权利要求2所述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的DMPA溶液将DMPA溶于2-3倍质量的NMP中,制得DMPA溶液。
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