CN105220731A - A kind of novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method - Google Patents
A kind of novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105220731A CN105220731A CN201510764102.5A CN201510764102A CN105220731A CN 105220731 A CN105220731 A CN 105220731A CN 201510764102 A CN201510764102 A CN 201510764102A CN 105220731 A CN105220731 A CN 105220731A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method, it relates to the Prevention Technique field of rainwater catchment system and geological disaster; The present invention mainly comprises four Iarge-scale system such as hillside rainwater catchment system, water stone piece-rate system, electricity generation system, irrigation system, and hillside rainwater catchment system includes debris flow monitoring pre-warning, ecological revetment, netted open channel; Water stone piece-rate system includes flexible drainage groove, stops Yu Chi, tunnel at the bottom of mountain; Electricity generation system includes power plant building, blocking dam, stores storehouse; Irrigation system includes open channel, drip irrigation system.Beneficial effect of the present invention is: simplicity of design, easy construction, construction costs is lower general applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Prevention Technique field of rainwater catchment system and geological disaster, be specifically related to a kind of novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method.
Background technology
Mud-rock flow be the mixture of loose earth and water under gravity along the phenomenon of hillslope overland flow, mostly occur in mountain area, its area, volume and flow are all larger.Typical mud-rock flow is by left floating thick solid debris thing and the thickness mud being rich in flour sand and clay forms.Under suitable orographic condition, a large amount of water bodys soaks into the solids bulk material in flowing water hillside or ditch bed, and its stability is reduced, and the solids bulk material of saturated with water moves under self gravitation effect, just defines mud-rock flow.Because debris flow is unexpected, break with tremendous force, be difficult to accurately its time occurred of precognition, huge stone can be carried advance at utmost speed, there is powerful energy, usually destroy by rush of water or become silted up and bury railway, highway, farmland, and the engineering measure such as water conservancy, national defence, communication and tourist spot, even destroy cities and towns and factories and miness, cause heavy losses.
In recent years, a series of earthquakes such as Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, Lushan earthquake cause massif shatter, incompact-deposit bodies significantly increases, according to statistics, only Wenchuan earthquake just newly-increased geological disaster more than 40,000, these incompact-deposit bodies are under the effect of continuous rainfall or heavy rain, define a series of mud-stone flow disaster chained effect, the serious safety that threaten people's life's property and survival and development, therefore, should pay much attention to the control of shaking the geological disasters such as rear mud-rock flow.And in East China, south China and coastal area, due to the impact of typhoon, usually also bring out flush flood and debris flow disaster.Due to topography and geomorphology, formation lithology, the geological structure of complexity, add the polytropy of weather, the control of mud-rock flow is very difficult.
At present, mountain area debris flow control works mainly contains: 1. riparian work: build reservoir and diversion, discharge conduit, tunnel engineering, the surface water of catchment basin of debris flow of regulating and storing, guide, improves the hydrodynamic condition of debris flow formation and development; 2. to block engineering: build blocking dam etc., interception mud-rock flow, weakens mud-rock flow intensity, and deposition sandstone, reduces mud-rock flow damage capability; 3. row leads engineering: the engineerings such as the row's of building guide channel, trraning pole, downstream dam, specification mud-rock flow flow path, weakens mud-rock flow intensity; 4. stop silt engineering: open up and manually stop silt field, guide specification sediment deposition place; 5. preventive works: build bank protection, barricade, longitudinal dike, groynes etc., the engineering services such as protection house, railway, highway, bridge, resist the impact of mud-rock flow.Various engineering conjunctive use is wanted in debris flow measure, will combine just can obtain sufficient prevention effect with non-engineering measure.Current domestic debris flow mainly utilize block, arrange lead, stop becoming silted up, preventive works are one or more combines.
In Practical Project, the measure of most of debris flow has classification to arrange blocking dam, blocks stop becoming silted up to mud-rock flow; The row such as the row's of setting guide channel leads engineering, mountain torrents, mud-rock flow, landslide are dredged etc., and these prophylactico-therapeutic measuress have limitation, picture is blocked and is stopped silt engineering, it is administered and can reach certain effect in early stage, but its engineering cost is large, construction requirement is high, later maintenance costly, can not sustainable development be realized.
This method utilizes GRC technology (i.e. geological conditions+rainwater-collecting+comprehensive regulation), take into full account the geological conditionss such as topography and geomorphology, design the rainwater-collecting cyclic utilization system of leading because of gesture, innovation adopts the comprehensive technologys such as rainwater catchment, the separation of water stone, retaining utilization, erosion is oozed under reducing rainwater, prevent the reduction of slope body intensity, prevent the generation of the geological disaster such as mountain torrents, mud-rock flow, landslide caused because of heavy showers or continuation rainfall.The surface water the method achieved with collecting generates electricity and irrigates massif vegetation, local crops, the local soil and water resources of the comprehensive regulation, increase local vegetation coverage, the generation of the local mud-stone flow disaster of further minimizing, finally make use of surface water resources fully, reach the effect of not only protecting but also administering.For large-scale above mud-rock flow, often design classification blocking dam, stop silt pond or grit chamber and row is carried out to mud-rock flow or landslide lead, after prevention and cure project builds up, need the huge manpower and materials of cost to carry out desilting maintenance, just can guarantee the sustainable utilization of engineering.Therefore, in the urgent need to a kind of Sustainable Treatment method utilizing local resources to realize prevention and cure project, based on this, this method is intended in the minimum grade taking into full account the impulsive force of mud flow, mud-rock flow movement, at middle and upper reaches design step dam, sector dam, crib dam etc., rainwater resource is utilized fully, arrange small-sized check dam in downstream and carry out the generating of poultry water, the economic benefit of generation is used for the maintenance of later stage engineering.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method, its simplicity of design, easy construction, construction costs is lower general applicability.
In order to solve the problem existing for background technology, the present invention adopts following technical method: it includes hillside rainwater catchment system, water stone piece-rate system, electricity generation system, irrigation system four Iarge-scale system, and described hillside rainwater catchment system includes debris flow monitoring pre-warning, ecological revetment, netted open channel; Described water stone piece-rate system includes flexible drainage groove, stops Yu Chi, tunnel at the bottom of mountain; Described electricity generation system includes power plant building, blocking dam, stores storehouse; Irrigation system includes open channel, drip irrigation system.
The main method of the inventive method to hillside rainwater-collecting and mountain torrents, debris flow is:
1, hillside rainwater catchment: the anterior bamboo chip fence layering mainly through different pore size size ratchel is rested on domatic on, domatic rainwater catchment is entered domatic guiding gutter by netted arc headrace by rear portion, is collected by the rainwater in whole domatic guiding gutter enter water stone separation platform by leading tank.
2, water stone separation platform: build stepped water stone in leading tank outlet and be separated ladder bank, carries out just being separated to the muddy water collected, and the rainwater importing after separation stops Yu Chizhong and carries out sedimentation.
3, stop the design in silt pond: stop silt basin and be divided into two ponds, first, second and third has energy dissipating and stops silt effect, the 3rd clear water reserviors mainly play retaining and stop silt effect, build rainwater outlet in its side.And delivery port imports diversion tunnel by open channel.
4, rain water electricity generating: water is guided to downstream from upstream by diversion tunnel, and larger discrepancy in elevation generating, produce a certain amount of economic benefit, the economic benefit of generation can be used for later regulation mud-rock flow.
5, drip irrigation system: mainly the water be collected in reservoir is used for the vegetation watering plantation, to increase the survival rate of crops, improves the utilization rate of surface water, also can be used as the living water use of villages and small towns, downstream (industrial and mining enterprises).And this is also core concept and the key technology of this comprehensive treatment system, not only can improve periphery ecological environment, and resources object can be reached.Wherein the layout of drip irrigation all has local environment to determine with the vegetation choosing plantation with planning.Plan selects some applicable local plantations such as tea tree, metasequoia, dove tree and the economic tree easily survived is planted, and not only play bank protection effect but also can produce economic benefit, and drip irrigation is the patron saint of these saplings.
After adopting said structure, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, vegetation recovery, ecological revetment: by slope reinforcing compacting, block Turf Culture and trees after wall of large aperture be set reinforce domatic loose soil.In side slope, plant the trees of some suitable local growths again, increase the coverage scale of vegetation, reach the object of ecological management mud-rock flow, mountain torrents.
2, take advantage of a situation and lead, Accumulated Rainwater: by the headrace of rainwater catchment on domatic, greatly reduce the quantity of sand and mud that water carries and the survival rate increasing slope vegetation, and reduce the flow velocity of hillside current, prevent rain drop erosion to wash in a pan erosion incompact-deposit bodies thus collect the new mud-rock flow of formation.
3, water stone is separated, blocks and stop becoming silted up: by step reinforcing cage water stone separation platform and grit chamber to the filtration of water and deposition, reach the effect that water stone is divided and ruled, thus make surface water clear by turbid change, alleviate and reduce washing away middle and lower reaches incompact-deposit bodies, avoiding this region mud-rock flow again to break out and produce harm.
4, generating irrigation, sustainable development: fully collect and be in water catchment area, upstream surface water, and the potential energy generating that the relative relief utilizing it larger produces, the tail water after later stage generating is transported to by open channel in the storage reservoir in downstream for the irrigation in farmland, downstream or the living water use of industrial and mining enterprises.Realize sustainable development Mode of Circular.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the floor map of comprehensive treatment system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the floor map of ladder reinforced gabion water stone separation platform;
Fig. 3 is the generalized section of stopping silt pond Yu stopping silt bank;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of diversion canal, charge for remittance open channel, tailrace channel;
Fig. 5 is channel trapezoidal cross-section figure.
Description of reference numerals:
1-hillside rainwater catchment system; 2-water stone piece-rate system; 3-electricity generation system; 4-irrigation system; The domatic diversion canal of 5-; 6-domatic arc rainwater catchment open channel; 7-clear water reserviors; 8-diversion tunnel; 9-sediment settlement district; 10-downstream storage reservoir.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
In order to make object of the present invention, technical method and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that detailed description of the invention described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
As Figure 1-5, this detailed description of the invention adopts following technical method: it includes hillside rainwater catchment system 1, water stone piece-rate system 2, electricity generation system 3, irrigation system 4 four Iarge-scale system, and described hillside rainwater catchment system 1 includes debris flow monitoring pre-warning, ecological revetment, netted open channel; Described water stone piece-rate system 2 includes flexible drainage groove, stops Yu Chi, tunnel at the bottom of mountain; Described electricity generation system 3 includes power plant building, blocking dam, stores storehouse; Irrigation system 4 includes open channel, drip irrigation system.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is:
1, hillside rainwater catchment and water stone piece-rate system 1:
Hillside rainwater catchment: domatic rainwater catchment is entered domatic guiding gutter mainly through netted arc headrace, utilizes arc headrace to have good effect of energy dissipation.Then the rainwater after energy dissipating preliminary in whole domatic guiding gutter is collected by leading tank and enter water stone separation platform.
Water stone separation platform: build stepped water stone in leading tank outlet and be separated ladder bank, carry out just being separated to the muddy water collected by designing flexible reinforced gabion ladder platform, flexible reinforced gabion is utilized to be convenient to assembling on the one hand, convenient later maintenance, its discharge capacity on the other hand, impact resistance is comparatively strong, and cost is lower.In rainwater importing sediment settlement district after separation, 9 carry out sedimentation.
2, stop the design in silt pond: stop silt basin and be divided into two ponds, first, second and third has energy dissipating and stops silt effect, the 3rd clear water reserviors 7 mainly play retaining and stop silt effect, build rainwater outlet in its side.And delivery port imports diversion tunnel 8 by open channel.
Heavy rain rainfall calculates: the storm rainfall that this project rainfall calculates calculates with local rain fall.
Design water-holding quantity is with lasting maximum rainfall F, and grit chamber capacity is
=
+
sediment charge is that mud mixture total amount 5%-10% calculates:
Safe altitude is 1.5m, and most backstop height of dam degree is H
3, domatic arc rainwater catchment open channel 6, domatic diversion canal 5, tailrace channel design
Trapezoidal channel optimum hydraulic section canal bottom width b and depth of water h(is shown in Fig. 5) there is following relation:
(1)
Slope coefficient m=cot α, then
(2)
Water surface width B can be expressed as
(3)
In formula: α is the angle of channel side slopes and horizontal plane,
Canal cross section area section is expressed as
(4)
Being wetted perimeter is
(5)
Open channel uniform flow fundamental formular is
(6)
In formula: Q is flow; N is roughness; I is longitudinal river slope at the bottom of canal,
Derive depth of water h:
(7)
Calculate with peak rainfall intensity F; Water yield instantaneous delivery is collected in certain height difference region.
4, the design of diversion tunnel 8: diversion tunnel 8 total length L, longitudinal gradient I, can be designed to without pressure tunnel according to actual conditions.
5, power station expection planning: according to hydraulic generator mechanomotive force formula
H: design head; η: hydraulic turbine power conversion is electric energy effect (being generally 0.97) * hydraulic thrust coefficient (0.32 ~ 0.4); Q: design discharge.
6, downstream storage reservoir design
According to local hydrological data design downstream storage reservoir 10 storage capacity.
7, drip irrigation system
The water be collected in reservoir is mainly used for the vegetation watering plantation by this system, to increase the survival rate of crops, improves the utilization rate of surface water, also can be used as the living water use of villages and small towns, downstream (industrial and mining enterprises).And this is also core concept and the key technology of this comprehensive treatment system, not only can improve periphery ecological environment, and resources object can be reached.Wherein the layout of drip irrigation all has local environment to determine with the vegetation choosing plantation with planning.Plan selects some applicable local plantations such as tea tree, metasequoia, dove tree and the economic tree easily survived is planted, and not only play bank protection effect but also can produce economic benefit, and drip irrigation is the patron saint of these saplings.
The operating principle of this detailed description of the invention is: utilize domatic rain water collecting system to collect and collection earth's surface rainfall, utilize bamboo chip baffle plate advanced person to be about to domatic bulky grain stone to tackle, prevent bulky grain sandstone from entering downstream water stone separation platform, prevent mudstone from washing away alluvial, cause unnecessary building damage.Fully rainwater catchment is entered in diversion canal by arc rainwater catchment net, rear importing downstream water stone separation platform.Enter stepped fan-shaped reinforced gabion water stone separation platform containing the rainwater of mixing silt, utilize it to have good energy dissipating decelerating effect, make the bulky grain silt class settling containing band in rainwater; Formed by the mode of multiple ladder and fall bank in a hydraulic structure, make it again carry out energy dissipating, through energy dissipating step by step reduce enter stop silt pond containing quantity of sand and mud.
After the mud-rock flow be separated through primary water stone enters and stops silt pond, devise the multistage energy dissipating bank of a series of energy-disspating, utilize the energy dissipating bank in hydraulic structure to slow down, multiple fractionation sedimentation is carried out to tiny particle, make its sand content be less than specific criteria, meet water generating requirement.The rainwater collected imports power plant building by diversion tunnel after clear water reserviors accumulation reaches certain water yield, produces economic benefit.Generating tail water imports in downstream low altitude area storage reservoir or irrigation canal, when flood season leads, rainwater is accumulated, for field irrigation, resident living and industrial and mining enterprises' water when on the one hand can carry out dry season in storage later stage to rainwater, prevent the generation of mountain torrents on the other hand, for downstream river course reduces pressure.
The above, only in order to technical method of the present invention to be described and unrestricted, other amendment that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical method of the present invention or equivalently to replace, only otherwise depart from the spirit and scope of the technology of the present invention method, all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method, it is characterized in that: it includes hillside rainwater catchment system, water stone piece-rate system, electricity generation system, irrigation system four Iarge-scale system, described hillside rainwater catchment system includes debris flow monitoring pre-warning, ecological revetment, netted open channel; Described water stone piece-rate system includes flexible drainage groove, stops Yu Chi, tunnel at the bottom of mountain; Described electricity generation system includes power plant building, blocking dam, stores storehouse; Irrigation system includes open channel, drip irrigation system.
2. one according to claim 1 novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method, it is characterized in that the method for hillside rainwater catchment be the anterior bamboo chip fence layering mainly through different pore size size ratchel is rested on domatic on, domatic rainwater catchment is entered domatic guiding gutter by netted arc headrace by rear portion, is collected by the rainwater in whole domatic guiding gutter enter water stone separation platform by leading tank.
3. one according to claim 1 novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method, it is characterized in that water stone separation platform builds stepped water stone in leading tank outlet to be separated ladder bank, carry out just being separated to the muddy water collected, the rainwater importing after separation stops Yu Chizhong and carries out sedimentation.
4. one according to claim 1 novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method, it is characterized in that stopping silt basin is divided into two ponds, first, second and third has energy dissipating and stops silt effect, 3rd clear water reserviors mainly play retaining and stop silt effect, build rainwater outlet in its side, and delivery port imports diversion tunnel by open channel.
5. one according to claim 1 novel hillside rain water collecting system and mountain torrents, debris flow method, is characterized in that the water be collected in reservoir is mainly used for watering the vegetation of plantation by drip irrigation system.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105862665A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-17 | 大连久鼎祥瑞特种工程技术研究院有限公司 | Small watershed comprehensive management-fertile farmland reengineering novel technology |
| CN106012964A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-10-12 | 大连久鼎祥瑞特种工程技术研究院有限公司 | Inverse V-shaped blocking dam |
| CN106157544A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-23 | 成都理工大学 | The monitoring and pre-alarming method of gully type mud-rock flow and device |
| CN107326999A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-11-07 | 芜湖拓达电子科技有限公司 | A kind of hillside rainwater guide structure |
| CN107494198A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-22 | 芜湖拓达电子科技有限公司 | Hillside fruit tree rainwater drip irrigation system |
| CN107711461A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-23 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Arid area arbor integration irrigation system |
| CN108370802A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-08-07 | 北京亿纳夫科技有限公司 | The organic holographic ecological circulation tea place industry engineering system and method for green |
| CN109056633A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-21 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of hazards control system and method for flood control and anti-mud-rock flow |
| CN109122207A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of agricultural ecological filling row's purification system |
| CN109937857A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-06-28 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of energy-saving irrigation system based on the intelligent electromagnetic valve using water-energy generating electricity |
| CN112813921A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-18 | 西南科技大学 | Mud-rock flow water-stone separation and storage system |
| CN113982307A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-28 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Post-disaster debris flow repair method for ground power generation plant |
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| CN105862665B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-04-13 | 大连久鼎生态流域治理开发有限公司 | The method in comprehensive treatment of small watersheds-reconstruction good farmland |
| CN105862665A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-17 | 大连久鼎祥瑞特种工程技术研究院有限公司 | Small watershed comprehensive management-fertile farmland reengineering novel technology |
| CN106012964A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-10-12 | 大连久鼎祥瑞特种工程技术研究院有限公司 | Inverse V-shaped blocking dam |
| CN106157544A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-23 | 成都理工大学 | The monitoring and pre-alarming method of gully type mud-rock flow and device |
| CN106157544B (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2019-06-18 | 成都理工大学 | The monitoring and pre-alarming method and device of gully type mud-rock flow |
| CN107326999A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-11-07 | 芜湖拓达电子科技有限公司 | A kind of hillside rainwater guide structure |
| CN107494198A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-22 | 芜湖拓达电子科技有限公司 | Hillside fruit tree rainwater drip irrigation system |
| CN107711461A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-02-23 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Arid area arbor integration irrigation system |
| CN108370802A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-08-07 | 北京亿纳夫科技有限公司 | The organic holographic ecological circulation tea place industry engineering system and method for green |
| CN109122207A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of agricultural ecological filling row's purification system |
| CN109056633A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-21 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of hazards control system and method for flood control and anti-mud-rock flow |
| CN109056633B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2023-09-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Flood control and debris flow prevention geological disaster control system and method |
| CN109937857A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-06-28 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of energy-saving irrigation system based on the intelligent electromagnetic valve using water-energy generating electricity |
| CN112813921A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-18 | 西南科技大学 | Mud-rock flow water-stone separation and storage system |
| CN113982307A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-28 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Post-disaster debris flow repair method for ground power generation plant |
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Application publication date: 20160106 |