CN108612047B - Ecological repairing structure of river and lake bank slope - Google Patents
Ecological repairing structure of river and lake bank slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN108612047B CN108612047B CN201810284945.9A CN201810284945A CN108612047B CN 108612047 B CN108612047 B CN 108612047B CN 201810284945 A CN201810284945 A CN 201810284945A CN 108612047 B CN108612047 B CN 108612047B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 131
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000878007 Miscanthus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 masonry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
- B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological repairing structure of a river and lake bank slope, which comprises a catchment sponge bank protection unit and a water purification protection bank protection unit, wherein the catchment sponge bank protection unit comprises two bank protection ladder modules which are arranged side by side and a deep purification diversion area which is arranged between the two bank protection ladder modules, each ladder of the bank protection ladder modules is sequentially and vertically provided with a landscape catchment mechanism and a stagnation-filtration water collection layer from outside to inside, the landscape catchment mechanism comprises a landscape block and a water collection gallery, a planting substrate layer is paved on the surface of the water near side of the bank protection ladder module, plants are planted on the planting substrate layer, and the water purification protection bank protection unit comprises a water purification stone cage bank protection layer and a protection stone cage bank protection layer. The invention can purify and supplement water resources, build a water ecological system, build water banks and underwater landscapes, and has the comprehensive renovation effect of three aspects of water ecology, water resources and water landscape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban landscape construction and river bank slope remediation, in particular to an ecological maintenance structure for river and lake bank slopes.
Background
In river and lake bank slope remediation, the bank protection initially exists for preventing the bank slope from being scoured and unstably. Because of focusing on flood control safety, the shoreline is usually reinforced by semi-permeable or non-permeable artificial materials such as masonry, concrete or reinforced concrete. The biggest advantage of such a hard revetment is that it is strong and durable. But the hard shore protection also cuts off the material and energy exchange of the amphibious ecosystem, and damages the living environment of animals and plants, so that the whole water body becomes a closed system, and the ecological function and self-cleaning capability of the river bank zone are lost.
Aiming at the problems, people start to realize that the construction of the revetment engineering not only accords with the engineering design principle, but also considers the influence of the revetment engineering on ecological factors such as water-shore habitat, plant population, biological corridor and the like from the ecological system. Therefore, the construction of the revetment with flood control and good ecological function is gradually an important target for the construction of the river, lake and bank slope. Therefore, a series of ecological revetments represented by turf revetments, grid ecological revetments, ecological bag revetments, gabion ecological revetments and the like become the development direction of the current revetments, not only can the effect of effective revetments be achieved, but also the environment can be improved and beautified, and the ecological revetment is better integrated with the local ecological environment and natural landscapes.
However, at present, more ecological revetments simply increase vegetation coverage and landscaping functions on the basis of meeting the requirements of flood control and hydraulic engineering, and other problems such as water ecological system restoration, water pollution control, water resource replenishment, runoff pollution treatment and reutilization are not solved well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the ecological problems of the existing river and lake slope protection, and provides an ecological repairing structure of the river and lake bank slope, so that the aims of integrally preventing water erosion of the bank slope, retaining rain and flood, supplementing water quantity, purifying water quality, constructing a water ecological system and building a water bank landscape are fulfilled.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an ecological repairing structure of a river and lake bank slope, which comprises at least one catchment sponge bank protection unit arranged above a normal water line and a water purification protection bank protection unit arranged below the normal water line, wherein the catchment sponge bank protection unit comprises two bank protection ladder modules arranged side by side and a deep purification diversion area arranged between the two bank protection ladder modules, each stage of the bank protection ladder modules is sequentially and vertically provided with a landscape water collecting mechanism and a stagnation and filtration water collecting layer from outside to inside, the landscape water collecting mechanism comprises landscape blocks and a water collecting corridor which are arranged at intervals perpendicular to the extending direction of the river and lake bank slope, a planting substrate layer is paved on the surface of the water side of the bank protection ladder modules, plants are planted on the planting substrate layer, and the water purification protection bank protection unit comprises a water purification cage bank protection layer and a protection cage bank protection layer which are sequentially and vertically arranged from the water side to the bank side.
Preferably, the width of the upper surface of the shore protection ladder module is 3-8 m, the upper surface of the shore protection ladder module is a slope surface with the inner side inclined downwards, the included angle between the upper surface of the shore protection ladder module and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees, and the width of the water side surface of the shore protection ladder module is 2-3 m; the water-proximal surface of the revetment ladder module is a slope surface which is inclined outwards perpendicularly, and the slope surface angle of the water-proximal surface of the revetment ladder module is 50-80 degrees.
Preferably, the ground pavement of the landscape block is hard watertight pavement, and a vegetation greening area, a landscape small area or a leisure activity area is arranged on the landscape block.
Preferably, the catchment gallery is a cuboid groove structure communicated with the stagnant filtration water collecting layer, one end of the catchment gallery close to water is closed and is flush with the outer side of the landscape block, and the other end of the catchment gallery far from water is communicated with the stagnant filtration water collecting layer; the gradient of the catchment gallery is the same as the gradient of the upper surface of the bank protection ladder module; a grid is arranged at the joint of the catchment gallery and the stagnant filtration water collecting layer, and the aperture of the grid is 0.2-0.8 cm; and a cobble layer with the grain diameter of 1-3 cm is paved at the bottom of the catchment gallery, and the paving thickness of the cobble layer is 7-15 cm.
Preferably, the stagnant filtration water collecting layer is of a cuboid concrete groove structure communicated with the catchment gallery, one end of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer is closed, the other end of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer is communicated with the deep purification diversion area, the stagnant filtration water collecting layer is obliquely arranged from the closed end to the open end, and the gradient of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer is 3-7 degrees; and one end of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer, which is communicated with the deep purification diversion area, is provided with a graded gravel gabion with specification matched with the stagnant filtration water collecting layer.
Preferably, the inside of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer is sequentially provided with a gravel layer, a sand layer, a coarse sand layer, a fine sand layer and a graded gravel layer from top to bottom, wherein the particle size of gravel in the gravel layer is 0.8-1.5 cm, the particle size of sand in the sand layer is 0.2-0.8 cm, and the particle size of graded gravel in the graded gravel layer is 0.2-0.5 cm; the total thickness of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer is 25-40 cm, and the thickness ratio of the gravel layer, the sand layer, the coarse sand layer, the fine sand layer and the graded gravel layer is 2:1:2:1:1 respectively.
Preferably, the upper surface of the deep purification diversion area is inclined by 3-7 degrees horizontally towards the lower side of the near water, and the inclination direction of the upper surface of the deep purification diversion area is opposite to the upper surface of the bank protection ladder module; the lower part of the deep purification diversion area is a deep purification substrate layer, wet herbal plants are planted on two sides of the inside of the deep purification substrate layer, the deep purification substrate layer comprises a crushed stone layer arranged on the upper layer and a ceramsite layer arranged on the lower layer, the paving thickness of the crushed stone layer is 10-20 cm, and the thickness of the ceramsite layer is 20-35 cm; the ceramic particles in the ceramic particle layer are prepared by foaming and granulating volcanic rock, medical stone and clay, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.8-2 cm, and the volume ratio of the clay to the medical stone to the volcanic rock in the ceramic particle layer is (4-5): (2-3): 3.
Preferably, stone plates are paved at intervals on the edges of the water near side of the bank protection step module, the length of each stone plate is 30-60 cm, the thickness of each stone plate is 3-5 cm, and the interval distance between every two adjacent stone plates is 20-40 cm; the near-water side surface part of the deep purification diversion area is arranged into a stone structure, the width of the stone structure is 30-50 cm, and a water flow speed reducing plate which inclines to the lower side of the back water is arranged in the middle of the stone structure at intervals of 30-50 cm.
Preferably, the planting substrate layer is formed by the following components in volume ratio (25-30): (10-15): (20-25): (5-10), namely (25-35) mixing desilting bottom mud, turfy soil, diatomite, coarse sand and planting soil, wherein the volume ratio of the desilting bottom mud to the diatomite is more than or equal to 50%, and the laying thickness of the planting substrate layer is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, the water purification gabion shore protection layer and the protection gabion shore protection layer are both formed by gabions, and a retaining wall is arranged on the far water side of the protection gabion shore protection layer; the gabion of the water purification gabion shore protection layer is filled with open-graded gravel with the grain diameter of 2-10 cm and diatomite with the grain diameter of 2cm, and the volume ratio of the open-graded gravel to the diatomite is (2-3) (1-2); the gabion of the protection gabion shore protection layer is filled with a mixture of graded broken stone with the grain diameter of 1-5 cm and sodium bentonite, and the volume ratio of the graded broken stone to the sodium bentonite is (4-5): 1.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
the ecological repairing structure of the river and lake bank slope takes a normal water line as a boundary, a catchment sponge bank protection unit is arranged above the normal water line, and a water purification protection bank protection unit is arranged below the normal water line. The ecological repairing structure can furthest accumulate rainwater runoff on one hand, and can collect into a river channel through layer-by-layer purification, so that the sponge effect of supplementing water is achieved; on the other hand, the water-saving type water-saving device can play roles in fixing a slope, preventing water from corroding a bank slope and keeping water and soil. And purifying, isolating and protecting the water body through different underwater gabion revetment structures, and recycling river bottom silt to make the river bottom silt become planting matrixes and revetment protective materials. The invention can purify and supplement water resources, build a water ecological system, build water banks and underwater landscapes, and has the comprehensive renovation effect of three aspects of water ecology, water resources and water landscape.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ecological restoration structure of a river-lake bank slope;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a catchment sponge revetment unit structure.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
The invention provides an ecological repairing structure of a river and lake bank slope, which is shown in fig. 1-2, wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown. The ecological repairing structure is divided into an upper structure and a lower structure by taking a river and lake water level line as a boundary, wherein the upper structure and the lower structure are respectively a catchment sponge shore protection unit above the water level line and a water purification protective shore protection unit below the water level line, and the two shore protection structures are an integral body with different structures and functions.
Specifically, ecological restoration structure is including setting up catchment sponge shore protection unit 1 and the water purification protection shore protection unit 2 of setting below ordinary water line above at least one water line, catchment sponge shore protection unit 2 includes two shore protection ladder modules 12 that set up side by side and the deep purification water conservancy diversion district 8 of setting between two shore protection ladder modules 12, every level ladder of shore protection ladder module 12 is equipped with view catchment mechanism, stagnant water layer 5 perpendicularly in proper order from outside to inside, view catchment mechanism includes view block 7 and catchment corridor 6 of perpendicular to river lake bank slope extending direction interval arrangement, planting matrix layer 11 has been laid on the nearly water side surface of shore protection ladder module 12, plant has been planted on the planting matrix layer, water purification protection shore protection unit includes by nearly water side to water side water purification gabion shore protection layer 3, the protection gabion layer 4 that the slope side set gradually perpendicularly.
As shown in fig. 1, the ecological restoration structure includes a catchment sponge revetment unit 1 disposed above at least one normal water line and a water purification protective revetment unit 2 disposed below the normal water line. As shown in fig. 2, the catchment sponge revetment unit 2 comprises two revetment ladder modules 12 arranged side by side and a deep purification diversion area 8 arranged between the two revetment ladder modules 12.
As shown in fig. 2, the overall structure of the catchment sponge revetment unit 2 is a ladder structure, the lower edge of the catchment sponge revetment unit 2 is a normal water line, the upper edge is leveled with the ground on the shore, the number of steps of the revetment ladder module 12, the height and gradient of each step are required to be set according to the actual normal water level and the ground level difference, and the ladder width of the revetment ladder module 12 is set according to the comprehensive consideration of the horizontal distance between the water and ground edges and the number of steps, wherein the ladder width refers to the distance from the outer edge to the inner edge of the upper surface. The whole catchment sponge shore protection consists of a plurality of sections of catchment sponge shore protection units 2, and the length of each catchment sponge shore protection unit 2 in the extending direction of the bank slope is 7-10 m.
Preferably, the width of the upper surface of the revetment ladder module 12 is 3-8 m, the upper surface of the revetment ladder module 12 is a slope with the inner side inclined downwards, the included angle between the upper surface of the revetment ladder module 12 and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees, and the width of the water side surface of the revetment ladder module 12 is 2-3 m; the water-proximal side surface of the revetment ladder module 12 is a slope surface inclined outwards perpendicularly, and the slope angle of the water-proximal side surface of the revetment ladder module 12 is 50-80 degrees.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the near water side of the revetment ladder module refers to the side surface of each layer of ladder of the revetment ladder module, which is close to the river channel, and not the side surface of the whole revetment ladder module; the upper surface of the revetment ladder module refers to the upper surface of each layer of ladder structure of the revetment ladder module, namely the platform surface of each ladder structure, and is not the upper surface of the whole revetment ladder module.
Further, each step of the bank protection step module 12 is vertically provided with a landscape water collecting mechanism and a stagnation and filtration water collecting layer 5 in sequence from outside to inside, wherein the direction from the water approaching side to the bank slope approaching side is from outside to inside, and the landscape water collecting mechanism comprises landscape blocks 7 and water collecting galleries 6 which are arranged at intervals in the extending direction perpendicular to the bank slope of the river and the lake.
The landscape block 7 is arranged on the ground as a hard paving ground for the tourist to walk or leisure. Preferably, the ground pavement of the landscape block 7 is hard watertight pavement, and a vegetation greening area, a landscape small area or a leisure activity area is arranged on the landscape block 7. The vegetation greening area can be provided with a planting area for planting various vegetation such as ornamental plants, and volcanic rocks are paved on the surface layer of the exposed soil. The topography of view area 7 all sets up to the form that the centre is slightly high, both sides are slightly low, and the rainwater runoff of being convenient for flows into the catchment corridor 6 of both sides.
The catchment gallery 6 is an elongated gallery located between the landscape blocks 7, and the area of the bank protection ladder module 12 adjacent to the deep purification diversion area 8 is generally set as the catchment gallery 6, and the gradient of the catchment gallery 6 is the same as the gradient of the upper surface of the bank protection ladder module 12. Preferably, the catchment gallery 6 is a rectangular groove structure perpendicular to the stagnant water and water collecting layer 5, and may be also provided in irregular shapes such as waves, fold lines, etc. according to the requirements of the landscape block. The water collecting gallery 6 is closed at the water near end and is flush with the outer side of the landscape block 7, and the water far end of the water collecting gallery 6 is communicated with the stagnant water collecting layer 5. The joint of the catchment gallery 6 and the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5 is provided with a grid, and the aperture of the grid is 0.2-0.8 cm.
The specification of the catchment corridor 6 is set according to the hard pavement area of the landscape blocks 7 on the two sides of the corridor and the rainfall of the area in 5 years, and the larger the rainfall is, the larger the specification of the catchment corridor 6 is, the width is generally 0.2-0.3 m, and the depth is generally 10-20 cm. The catchment gallery 6 is of a concave concrete structure, the bottom layer is impermeable, a cobble layer with the grain size of 1-3 cm is paved at the bottom of the catchment gallery 6, and the paving thickness of the cobble layer is 7-15 cm.
Preferably, the stagnant water layer 5 is a cuboid concrete groove structure communicated with the catchment gallery 6. The one end of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5 is closed, the other end is communicated with the deep purification diversion area 8, the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5 is obliquely arranged from one closed end to one open end, the gradient of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5 is 3-7 degrees, and water collected in the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5 conveniently flows to the deep purification diversion area 8. And one end of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5, which is communicated with the deep purification diversion area 8, is provided with a graded gravel gabion with specification matched with the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the stagnant water filtering and collecting layer 5 is located at the end of the inner side of the upper surface of the bank protection step module 12, extends in the same direction as the extending direction of the bank slope, is a cuboid concrete concave structure communicated with the water collecting gallery 6, and is arranged at one end opening of the water collecting gallery 6 so as to facilitate the inflow of rainwater runoff. The specification of the stagnant water filtration water collection layer 5 is set according to the water collection area and the rainfall after 5 years. Generally, the width of the stagnant water layer 5 is set to be 30-50 cm and the depth is set to be 45-60 cm. Preferably, the inside of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5 is sequentially provided with a gravel layer, a sand layer, a coarse sand layer, a fine sand layer and a graded gravel layer from top to bottom, wherein the particle size of gravel in the gravel layer is 0.8-1.5 cm, the particle size of sand in the sand layer is 0.2-0.8 cm, and the particle size of graded gravel in the graded gravel layer is 0.2-0.5 cm; the total thickness of the stagnant filtration water-collecting layer 5 is 25-40 cm, and the thickness ratio of the gravel layer, the sand layer, the coarse sand layer, the fine sand layer and the graded gravel layer is 2:1:2:1:1 respectively.
Preferably, one end of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5, which is communicated with the deep purification diversion area 8, is provided with a graded gravel gabion with the specification which is matched with the stagnant filtration water collecting layer 5, the thickness of the graded gravel gabion is 25-40 cm, and the arrangement of the structure can effectively avoid the disorder of the structure of the deep purification diversion area 8 and prevent filter materials from being converged into the deep purification diversion area 8 in the next step of the bank protection step module 12.
The depth of the deep purification diversion area 8 is 45-60 cm as the depth of the stagnant filtration water-collecting layer 5, and the width of the deep purification diversion area 8 is 50-70 cm. In order to smoothly collect and guide out the rainwater runoffs, the inclination angle of the upper surface of the deep purification diversion area 8 is opposite to that of the upper surface of the bank protection ladder module 12, and the upper surface of the deep purification diversion area 8 is provided with an inclination angle which is inclined by 3-7 degrees horizontally to the lower side of the near water. A deep purification substrate layer is arranged below the deep purification diversion area 8, and wet herbaceous plants such as horseshoe gold, leaf-shaped miscanthus, fine leaf-shaped miscanthus, and herba Ardisiae Japonicae with smaller plants are planted in the two sides of the deep purification substrate.
Preferably, the deep purification matrix layer comprises a crushed stone layer arranged on the upper layer and a ceramsite layer arranged on the lower layer, wherein the paving thickness of the crushed stone layer is 10-20 cm, and the thickness of the ceramsite layer is 20-35 cm. The ceramic particles in the ceramic particle layer are prepared by foaming and granulating volcanic rock, medical stone and clay, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.8-2 cm, and the volume ratio of the clay to the medical stone to the volcanic rock in the ceramic particle layer is (4-5): (2-3): 3.
Preferably, the near water side edge of the bank protection ladder module 12 is paved with stone plates 9 and a substrate layer consistent with the side surface at intervals and plants are planted. Specifically, in order to enhance structural stability and integrity, stone plates 9 with the width consistent with that of a rectangular area with the width of 30-50 cm along the extending direction of the slope are paved at intervals in the edge area of the outer side of the upper surface of the slope, and the stone plates 9 are stone materials with better compression resistance and higher strength, such as basalt, granite and the like. The length of the stone plate 9 is 30-60 cm, the thickness of the stone plate is 3-5 cm, the spacing distance between every two adjacent stone plates is 20-40 cm, and the substrate layer and the plant planting mode of the spacing area of the stone plate 9 are the same as those of the water side surface of the revetment ladder module 12.
As shown in fig. 2, a planting substrate layer 11 is laid on the water-proximal surface of the revetment ladder module 12, and plants are planted on the planting substrate layer. The planting substrate layer 11 is arranged on the soil on the surface of the water near side of the bank protection ladder module 12 to cover, and the planting substrate layer 11 has the characteristics of scour resistance, water flooding resistance and slope stabilization. Preferably, the planting substrate layer 11 is formed by the following components in volume ratio (25-30): (10-15): (20-25): (5-10), namely (25-35) mixing desilting bottom mud, turfy soil, diatomite, coarse sand and planting soil, wherein the volume ratio of the desilting bottom mud to the diatomite is more than or equal to 50%, and the laying thickness of the planting substrate layer 11 is 10-20 cm. If heavy metals exist in the dredging bottom mud, a small amount of stable heavy metal chelating agent can be added into the dredging bottom mud to remove the heavy metals, such as DTC derivatives and the like.
When plants are planted on the planting substrate layer, a layer of vine plants with rapid growth and developed root systems is planted first, and after the vine plants grow vigorously and the substrate layer is stable, grass irrigation plants with developed root systems and barren tolerance are planted in a grid shape. The planting structure covers the entire side surface and an upper surface edge area connected to the upper surface. The slope substrate and the plant growing area extend up to the outer edge zone of the upper surface except for the side surface of the revetment ladder module 12 closest to the ground.
The deep purification diversion area 8 is continued to the side surface from the upper surface of the bank protection ladder module 12, the near water side surface part of the deep purification diversion area 8 is arranged into a stone structure, the width of the stone structure is 30-50 cm, and the depth is consistent with the upper surface. The water flow reducing plates 10 inclined towards the lower side of the leeward side are arranged at intervals of 30-50 cm in the middle of the stone masonry structure, the structure is of the stone masonry structure, rainwater firstly enters the first-stage water flow reducing plates 10 when flowing down from the upper surface deep purification diversion area 8, sequentially enters the following stages through water outlets at the lower end of the first water flow reducing plates 10, then enters the upper surface deep purification diversion area 8 of the next-stage ladder, and finally the lowest-stage deep purification diversion area 8 directly merges into a river channel.
As shown in fig. 1, the part below the normal water level is a water purification protection shore protection unit 2, the structure is an inclined slope structure, the inclination angle is 60-80 degrees, and the water purification protection shore protection unit extends to an underwater basal layer. Preferably, the water purification gabion shore protection layer 3 and the protection gabion shore protection layer 4 are both composed of gabions, and the outer side of the gabion in the direction close to the shore is a retaining wall structure arranged according to the shore protection construction standard. The main body of the water purification protection shore protection unit 2 is longitudinally provided with a water purification gabion shore protection layer 3 and a protection gabion shore protection layer 4 from the near water direction to the near shore direction, the water purification gabion shore protection layer 3 and the gabion mesh in the protection gabion shore protection layer 4 are tightly combined into a whole, the gabion mesh in the gabion is woven by a water-logging-resistant and corrosion-resistant lead gabion mesh, and the aperture of the gabion is 2-3 cm.
Preferably, the gabion of the water purification gabion revetment layer 3 is filled with open-graded gravel with the grain size of 2-10 cm and diatomite with the grain size of 2cm, and the volume ratio of the open-graded gravel to the diatomite is (2-3) (1-2). Each gabion in the water purification gabion shore protection layer 3 is square in specification, the side length is 20-30 cm, and submerged plants can be planted on the near-water side.
The gabion specification of the protection gabion shore protection layer 4 is consistent with that of the water purification gabion, the gabion of the protection gabion shore protection layer 4 is filled with a mixture of graded broken stone with the grain diameter of 1-5 cm and sodium bentonite, and the volume ratio of the graded broken stone to the sodium bentonite is (4-5): 1. The sodium bentonite swells in water until the bentonite becomes a gel state, and the bentonite in the gel state can rapidly combine each crushed stone gabion structure and form a closed whole, thereby playing a remarkable role in isolation protection and support.
The ecological repairing structure of the river and lake bank slope can be constructed by referring to the following steps:
(1) And setting the bank protection specification according to river channel conditions and engineering requirements.
(2) And integrally constructing the prefabricated water purification protection shore protection gabion layer under water.
(3) And carrying out terrain construction and surface structure construction of the catchment sponge revetment unit according to the revetment specification.
(4) After the matrix layer is laid on the side surface of the catchment sponge revetment, a layer of vine plants with rapid growth and developed root systems is planted on the side surface, after the vine plants grow vigorously and the matrix layer is stable, grass irrigation plants with developed root systems and barren tolerance are planted in a grid shape, and the planting structure covers the whole side surface and the edge area of the upper surface connected with the upper surface.
(5) After rainfall, the rainwater of the landscape block on the bank slope is preliminarily filtered by the water collecting gallery and then is collected into the stagnant filtration water collecting layer, and the rainwater is collected into the deep purification diversion area after being temporarily stagnated and secondarily filtered in the area, and is collected into the river channel after being purified by the deep purification diversion area.
The ecological repairing structure of the river and lake bank slope takes a normal water line as a boundary, a catchment sponge bank protection unit is arranged above the normal water line, and a water purification protection bank protection unit is arranged below the normal water line. The ecological repairing structure can furthest accumulate rainwater runoff on one hand, and can collect into a river channel through layer-by-layer purification, so that the sponge effect of supplementing water is achieved; on the other hand, the water-saving type water-saving device can play roles in fixing a slope, preventing water from corroding a bank slope and keeping water and soil. And purifying, isolating and protecting the water body through different underwater gabion revetment structures, and recycling river bottom silt to make the river bottom silt become planting matrixes and revetment protective materials. The invention can purify and supplement water resources, build a water ecological system, build water banks and underwater landscapes, and has the comprehensive renovation effect of three aspects of water ecology, water resources and water landscape.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the invention, it is intended to cover the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological restoration structure of river lake bank slope, its characterized in that: the ecological repairing structure comprises a catchment sponge revetment unit (1) arranged above a normal water line and a water purification protection revetment unit (2) arranged below the normal water line, the catchment sponge revetment unit (2) comprises two revetment ladder modules (12) arranged side by side and a deep purification diversion area (8) arranged between the two revetment ladder modules (12), each stage of the revetment ladder modules (12) is sequentially and vertically provided with a landscape catchment mechanism and a water stagnation and filtration water collection layer (5) from outside to inside, the landscape catchment mechanism comprises landscape blocks (7) and a catchment corridor (6) which are arranged at intervals perpendicular to the extending direction of a river slope, a planting substrate layer (11) is paved on the surface of the water side of the revetment ladder module (12), plants are planted on the planting substrate layer (11), the water purification protection revetment ladder modules comprise a water purification stone cage layer (3) and a protection stone cage layer (4) which are sequentially and vertically arranged from the water side to the water side, the water side of the revetment ladder modules (12) is inclined at an angle of 50 degrees to the water side of the water side ladder modules (12), the water side of the water storage module (12) is inclined to the water side of the water storage module (12) and the water storage tank (6) is inclined to the water level surface of the water storage module (12), one water-far end of the catchment gallery (6) is communicated with the stagnant filtration water collecting layer (5); the gradient of the catchment gallery (6) is the same as the gradient of the upper surface of the bank protection ladder module (12).
2. The ecological restoration structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the width of the upper surface of the shore protection ladder module (12) is 3-8 m, and the width of the water near side surface of the shore protection ladder module (12) is 2-3 m.
3. The ecological restoration structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the ground pavement of the landscape block (7) is hard waterproof pavement, and a vegetation greening area, a landscape small area or a leisure activity area is arranged on the landscape block (7).
4. The ecological restoration structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the catchment gallery (6) is of a cuboid groove structure communicated with the stagnant filtration water collecting layer (5), a grid is arranged at the joint of the catchment gallery (6) and the stagnant filtration water collecting layer (5), and the aperture of the grid is 0.2-0.8 cm; and a cobble layer with the grain diameter of 1-3 cm is paved at the bottom of the catchment gallery (6), and the paving thickness of the cobble layer is 7-15 cm.
5. The ecological restoration structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the stagnation and filtration water collecting layer (5) is of a cuboid concrete groove structure communicated with the catchment gallery (6), one end of the stagnation and filtration water collecting layer (5) is sealed, the other end of the stagnation and filtration water collecting layer is communicated with the deep purification diversion area (8), the stagnation and filtration water collecting layer (5) is obliquely arranged from one sealed end to one open end, and the gradient of the stagnation and filtration water collecting layer (5) is 3-7 degrees; one end of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer (5) communicated with the deep purification diversion area (8) is provided with a graded gravel gabion with specification matched with the stagnant filtration water collecting layer (5).
6. An ecological restoration structure as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the inside of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer (5) is sequentially provided with a gravel layer, a sand layer, a coarse sand layer, a fine sand layer and a graded gravel layer from top to bottom, wherein the particle size of gravel in the gravel layer is 0.8-1.5 cm, the particle size of sand in the sand layer is 0.2-0.8 cm, and the particle size of graded gravel in the graded gravel layer is 0.2-0.5 cm; the total thickness of the stagnant filtration water collecting layer (5) is 25-40 cm, and the thickness ratio of the gravel layer, the sand layer, the coarse sand layer, the fine sand layer and the graded gravel layer is 2:1:2:1:1 respectively.
7. The ecological restoration structure according to claim 2, wherein: the upper surface of the deep purification diversion area (8) is inclined to the lower side of the near water side by 3-7 degrees horizontally; the lower part of the deep purification diversion area (8) is a deep purification substrate layer, wet herbal plants are planted in two sides of the deep purification substrate layer, the deep purification substrate layer comprises a crushed stone layer arranged on the upper layer and a ceramsite layer arranged on the lower layer, the paving thickness of the crushed stone layer is 10-20 cm, and the thickness of the ceramsite layer is 20-35 cm; the ceramic particles in the ceramic particle layer are prepared by foaming and granulating volcanic rock, medical stone and clay, the particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.8-2 cm, and the volume ratio of the clay to the medical stone to the volcanic rock in the ceramic particle layer is (4-5): (2-3): 3.
8. The ecological restoration structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the water-near side edge of the bank protection ladder module (12) is provided with stone plates (9) and a matrix layer which is the same as the side surface at intervals, plants are planted, the length of each stone plate (9) is 30-60 cm, the thickness of each stone plate is 3-5 cm, and the interval distance between every two adjacent stone plates is 20-40 cm; the near-water side surface part of the deep purification diversion area (8) is of a stone structure, the width of the stone structure is 30-50 cm, and a water flow speed reducing plate (10) inclined to the lower side of the back water is arranged in the middle of the stone structure at intervals of 30-50 cm.
9. The ecological restoration structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the planting substrate layer (11) consists of the following components in percentage by volume (25-30): (10-15): (20-25): (5-10), namely (25-35) mixing desilting bottom mud, turfy soil, diatomite, coarse sand and planting soil, wherein the volume ratio of the desilting bottom mud to the diatomite is more than or equal to 50%, and the laying thickness of the planting substrate layer (11) is 10-20 cm.
10. The ecological restoration structure as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the water purification gabion shore protection layer (3) and the protection gabion shore protection layer (4) are both formed by gabions, and a retaining wall is arranged on the inner side of the protection gabion shore protection layer (4); the gabion of the water purification gabion revetment layer (3) is filled with open-graded gravel with the grain diameter of 2-10 cm and diatomite with the grain diameter of 2cm, and the volume ratio of the open-graded gravel to the diatomite is (2-3) (1-2); the gabion of the protection gabion revetment layer (4) is filled with a mixture of graded broken stone with the grain size of 1-5 cm and sodium bentonite, and the volume ratio of the graded broken stone to the sodium bentonite is (4-5): 1.
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| CN109469001B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2024-04-12 | 北京东方园林环境股份有限公司 | River channel ecological system reconstruction structure and construction operation method thereof |
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| CN110747812A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-04 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Lake bank ecological protection structure and construction mode screening method and system thereof |
| CN111389091A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-07-10 | 重庆交通大学 | Filtration equipment is used in production of environment-friendly broken bubble agent |
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