CN105209208B - 用于从用扇形节段制造叶轮的方法 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
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- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- B23K2101/001—Turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于离心旋转机器的叶轮(100)的新制造技术。叶轮(100)通过借助于焊接、摩擦焊接或机械锁紧系统配合到毂或直接配合到转子轴的单个叶片部件的构成来制造。节段(100')的可制造性是方便快捷且廉价的,且使得其可能使用先进制造技术,如直接金属激光熔化类型的添加制造。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于离心压缩机的叶轮的制造方法。
背景技术
用于离心旋转机器(诸如离心压缩机)的叶轮大体上由以下组成:近似盘状的主体,其具有相对于流体流的方向的前表面和后表面,设有中央圆孔,该中央圆孔与附接于旋转轴线的毂配合;具有前表面和后表面的围带,其以一定间隔布置在主体的外侧;和一系列叶片,其联接主体的前表面和围带的后表面。一系列的通路由主体的前表面、围带的后表面和叶片的侧表面而形成,通路作用为用于压缩气体的流动通路。大体上,叶片沿着在径向和轴向方向上都弯曲的曲线。主体的前表面和围带的后表面相应地弯曲以适应叶片的曲度。空气流与主体的前表面相切地进入叶轮且沿轴向方向从叶轮离开。有围带的叶轮可由一个单个实心材料部件制造,或者其可改为由两个或更多个构件构造,这两个或更多个构件附接在一起以形成成品。大体上,各种构件通过焊接而固定。叶轮可通过完全铣削来由一个单一实心部件制造,但由于因流动通路的复杂形状导致的有限的可接近性,此过程非常困难且耗时。放电加工(EDM)过程对于借助于电火花金属移除腐蚀的单个部件制造而言也是一个选择。在此过程中,电火花用作切割工具,以腐蚀单个整体式盘来将成品零件生产成设计的形状。凭借通过电极将高频电流的脉冲(开/关)放电应用至工件来执行金属移除过程。该技术涉及通过预先铣削然后EDM粗加工和EDM精加工来加工单个部件的步骤。出于之前提出的理由,必须使用特殊形状的电极和特殊形状的工具,以适应复杂的通路设计。此过程非常耗时且需要许多工作日来生产单个叶轮。叶轮也可通过制造最初的两个构件来生产,即,借助于铣削主体或围带且随后焊接这俩部分来获得叶片。由于缺少优良的可接近性,故通过焊接来填充叶片与主体或围带之间的内部接合处是非常困难的,且在固定时容易发生焊接缺陷,且因而出现开裂和变形(即热变形)的风险由于局部高温而可变得非常高。另外,流动通路的表面大体上不会具有所要求的平整度。明确来说,通过利用目前工艺水平技术来获得具有所要求的高品质和可靠性的叶轮是很困难的。出于这些理由,非常需要一种制造具有更高品质且带来更短的制造时间和更低的成本的方法。
发明内容
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供一种新的叶轮制造方法,其简单且需要更短的加工时间。本发明的另一目的是提供一种制造具有高品质和可靠性的叶轮的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供用于离心压缩机的允许先进制造技术的叶轮。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种方法,其允许制造具有复杂几何形状的叶轮。
本发明因此实现上面借助于用于离心旋转机器的叶轮的制造方法而讨论的目的,根据权利要求1,该叶轮由以下组成:近似盘状主体,其具有前和后表面;围带,其具有前和后表面,从主体的前表面间隔地布置;多个叶片,其附接于主体的前表面,将主体与围带连结,叶片的侧表面、主体的前表面和围带的后表面形成用于压缩空气的流动通路,其中,该方法包括制造叶轮的由单个叶片、主体的区段和围带的对应区段构成的单个节段,且然后将多个节段连结在一起以形成叶轮。
根据权利要求11,本发明的另一方面提供用于离心旋转机器的叶轮。
有利地,单个节段可使用如直接金属激光熔化(DMLM)那样的添加制造方法来生产。有利地,单个节段通过焊接或摩擦焊接而连结在一起。单个扇形也可不连结于彼此,但借助于机械连接或焊接而附接于毂或直接附接于轴。有利地,单个扇形或整个叶轮可通过机械接头(如燕尾接头)而附接于毂。
附图说明
鉴于在附图的辅助下,作为非限制性示例而例示出的用于旋转机器的叶轮的优选但非排他的实施例的详细说明,本发明的更多特性和优点将变得更加显而易见,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的叶轮的透视图;
图2是叶轮的在固定于毂之前的截面分解图;
图3代表连结到毂的叶轮的横截面;
图4代表安装在毂上的叶轮的单个节段;
图5是根据本发明的另一实施例的叶轮的节段的透视图;
图6是包含如图5所示的节段的叶轮的透视图。
附图中的相同参考标号标记相同的元件或构件。
具体实施方式
参照图1和2,示出了3D叶轮的透视图示,其大体上用参考标号100指示。叶轮100由具有后表面和前表面7的盘状主体3形成。从外圆形部分开始几乎平坦且垂直于机器的旋转轴线Z的前表面7在轴线Z的方向上朝中央区域逐渐弯曲,中央区域是适于与毂1或转子轴的外表面匹配的圆孔。粗略地跟随主体3前表面7的形状的围带5通过叶片4而与该前表面分开。空气通路6(通过其来压缩空气)由围带的内表面、主体3的前表面7和叶片4的侧表面形成。在用于离心压缩机的此类型的叶轮中,空气流与主体的平坦表面相切地朝旋转轴线进入通路且在平行于所述旋转轴的几乎竖直的方向上从在主体的前表面7与围带的内表面之间的圆形通路离开。在图2中,示出具有毂1的此类型的叶轮的截面分解图,毂1示为待插入主体3的中央区域中的分离的元件。毂1附接于机器的转子轴。图3示出插入了毂1的叶轮的最终组件。叶片4且因而空气通路6大体上具有复杂的形状。如从图1和2看到的,它们不仅在轴向方向上跟随弯曲的路径,而且它们还相对于叶轮的旋转方向后倾斜。叶轮的这些特性使铣削和焊接工作非常复杂和费力,甚至当使用适于插入以在那些空气通路6中操作的特殊工具时。这些困难对于良好的精确性、表面粗加工和时间是不利的。本发明基于分段的原理,以便克服这些缺点。图4是此种技术的代表。该构思本质上在于制造叶轮的单个节段,各节段例如包含单个叶片,且然后通过焊接或通过机械锁紧系统来组合它们以组装叶轮。节段可连结到彼此或可以可分离地固定于轴。在图4中,参照符号100'指出待焊接到毂1的这些节段中的一个。节段由通过叶片4连结的围带5的节段和主体3的节段组成。在图4中,还可能看出叶片和通路的复杂形状。通过分段,将完全解决可接近性的问题。可通过利用外部激光焊接将单个节段100'连结在一起,且然后通过CMT熔敷将焊接的节段连结到毂或直接连结到转子轴来制造叶轮。其在加热和车削的步骤之后,以获得成品。
还可能将单个节段一个接一个地固定到如图4中示出的毂或直接固定在转子轴上。节段100'可以也借助于图5和图6中示出的机械锁紧系统而附接于毂,或直接附接于转子轴。在图5中,示出节段,该节段在面向毂的外表面的侧面上具有燕尾键8,该燕尾键8具有倾斜的侧壁。如图6所示,这些燕尾键8滑动地接合到在毂的外表面上形成的其对应的匹配燕尾槽10中。图6示出通过使用该机械锁紧系统制造的叶轮的透视截面图。叶轮可作为单个部件组装在毂上,其中节段通过焊接而连结在一起,且然后将毂滑入中央部分中,或者通过将节段一个接一个地滑入毂的燕尾槽中。当使用机械锁紧系统时,单个节段可在主体3的后平坦侧表面上设有槽9,如图5,图6,其当叶轮组装后形成圆形槽,该圆形槽可设有环以将节段紧固在一起。单个叶片节段的制造不仅简单、快捷和廉价,而且能够使用先进制造技术,例如使用复合材料或像直接金属激光熔化(DMLM)那样的技术,其中在添加、一层一层的过程中,激光将金属粉末熔化成实心、三维零件。与借助于目前工艺水平技术,例如通过放电加工(EDM)(其需要在EMD粗加工和精加工之前的预先铣削阶段)制造叶轮所需的许多天相比,预制造的单个叶片的组装仅花费数小时,在不考虑品质的改善的情况下,显著地节省时间和成本。由于制造的简易性和过程的高通用性,通过组装单个叶片节段制造叶轮还实现当前仍不可行的具有创新的几何形状的先进高性能流路的设计和制造。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于制造用于离心旋转机器的叶轮(100)的方法,所述叶轮(100)由以下组成:近似盘状的主体(3),其具有前表面和后表面;围带(5),其具有前表面(7)和后表面,与所述主体(3)的前表面间隔地布置;多个叶片(4),其附接于所述主体(3)的前表面(7),将所述主体(3)与所述围带(5)连结,所述叶片(4)的侧表面、所述主体(3)的前表面(7)和所述围带(5)的后表面形成用于压缩空气的流动通路(6),其中,所述方法包括首先制造所述叶轮(100)的包括单个叶片(4)、所述主体(3)的区段和所述围带(5)的对应区段的单个节段(100')将多个节段相继地连结在一起以形成所述叶轮(100),以及将所述节段(100')通过机械锁紧系统而附接于毂(1)或附接于转子轴,其中所述机械锁紧系统包括燕尾连结,所述节段(100')中的所述主体在面向所述毂(1)的外表面的侧面上具有燕尾键(8),所述燕尾键(8)具有倾斜的侧表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,节段通过环而紧固在一起,所述环位于在所述主体(3)的后表面上形成的槽(9)中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,单个节段(100')通过直接金属激光熔化来制造。
4.一种用于离心旋转机器的叶轮(100),其由以下组成:近似盘状的主体(3),其具有前表面和后表面;围带(5),其具有前表面(7)和后表面,从所述主体(3)的前表面间隔地布置;多个叶片(4),其附接于所述主体(3)的前表面(7),将所述主体(3)与所述围带连结,所述叶片(4)的侧表面、所述主体(3)的前表面(7)和所述围带(5)的后表面形成用于压缩空气的流动通路(6),其中,所述叶轮由单个节段(100')组成,单个节段(100')由单个叶片(4)、所述主体(3)的区段和所述围带(5)的对应区段组成,单个节段连结在一起或固定到毂或直接固定到转子轴,其中所述单个节段(100')的所述主体在面向所述毂(1)的外表面的侧面上具有燕尾键(8),所述燕尾键(8)具有倾斜的侧表面。
5.根据权利要求4所述的叶轮,其特征在于,所述毂(1)在其外表面上呈现燕尾槽(10),所述燕尾槽(10)具有与所述节段(100')的燕尾键(8)处于匹配关系的倾斜表面。
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US10464171B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2019-11-05 | Dresser-Rand Company | Method for additive manufacturing of turbomachine components |
WO2016149774A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-29 | Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap | Method for manufacturing a centrifugal metal impeller and a centrifugal impeller obtained with such a method |
BE1023131B1 (nl) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-11-25 | Atlas Copco Airpower, Naamloze Vennootschap | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een centrifugaal schoepenrad en centrifugaal schoepenrad bekomen met zulke werkzijze. |
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2013
- 2013-02-20 IT IT000004A patent/ITCO20130004A1/it unknown
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2014
- 2014-02-19 RU RU2015133458A patent/RU2661690C2/ru active
- 2014-02-19 CA CA2900424A patent/CA2900424A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-02-19 JP JP2015557476A patent/JP6348516B2/ja active Active
- 2014-02-19 KR KR1020157024941A patent/KR20150120412A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2014-02-19 BR BR112015018108A patent/BR112015018108B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2014-02-19 US US14/769,393 patent/US9945388B2/en active Active
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RU2661690C2 (ru) | 2018-07-19 |
KR20150120412A (ko) | 2015-10-27 |
CN105209208A (zh) | 2015-12-30 |
US20160003257A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
ITCO20130004A1 (it) | 2014-08-21 |
JP2016513209A (ja) | 2016-05-12 |
BR112015018108A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
AT516473A2 (de) | 2016-05-15 |
RU2015133458A (ru) | 2017-03-27 |
JP6348516B2 (ja) | 2018-06-27 |
WO2014128169A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
BR112015018108B1 (pt) | 2021-06-29 |
US9945388B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
EP2958701A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
BR112015018108B8 (pt) | 2023-02-14 |
CA2900424A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
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