CN1051907C - 用含亚磷酸活性物质的杀真菌组合物处理种子的方法及其应用 - Google Patents
用含亚磷酸活性物质的杀真菌组合物处理种子的方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/48—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
- C08G77/50—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms by carbon linkages
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用含亚磷酸活性物质的杀真菌组合物处理种子的方法。在该方法中，将含以下成分的杀真菌组合物施用于种子；有效量的至少一种选自亚磷酸或其盐的活性物质、至少一种农业上可接受的惰性载体；其条件是，该杀真菌组合物不含三唑2－(4－氯代亚苄)－5，5－二甲基－1－(1H－1，2，4－三唑－1－基甲基)－1－环戊醇。本发明还涉及该处理种子的方法在保护种子免受真菌病害中的应用。
Description
本发明涉及受保护免患真菌疾病的植物种子，涉及为获得受此保护的种子所需用的杀真菌组合物，又涉及为得到受此保护的种子而对种子进行处理的方法。
本发明更为有利的方面涉及受保护免患真菌疾病的单子叶植物的种子，涉及为获得受此保护的种子所需用的杀真菌组合物，又涉及为得到受此保护的种子就而对种子进行处理的方法。
以前就已经知道，在叶部施加亚磷酸及其衍生物，有可能控制植物的真菌疾病(英国专利1,459,539)，但施加这类化合物并未得到实际应用，因为含有这些组分的组合物具有植物毒性(欧洲专利申请230,209)。
现已出乎意料地发现，得到对种子和由这些种子发芽生成的植物具有良好保护效果的组合物，其具有良好保护效果是由于使用亚磷酸或其衍生物来保护种子，而又不受过多的植物毒性的干扰，这还是可能的。
就本发明所用的意义而言，种子这一术语是植物的能用于其繁殖的任何具有生殖力的部分(繁殖物)。它包括种粒(种子的狭义)、根、根茎、果实、块茎、鳞茎、植物部分、发芽的植物、从种粒经过任何繁殖方法而得到的嫩籽苗、插枝、细胞培养物或人工种子例如在法国专利申请9305192或PCT/FR91/00984(公开号WO92/10087)中所述的那些。
本发明更具体地是涉及一些自然的或人工的种子，尤其是单子叶植物的种子，其特征是经本发明方法处理的种子在种粒外或内部含有有效量的选自亚磷酸及其盐的活性物质，同时没有三唑-2-(4-氯代亚苄)-5，5-二甲基-1-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1-环戊醇。
亚磷酸也称为膦酸，它的分子式为H-P(O)(OH)2的物质(简写为H3PO3)。其盐称作亚磷酸盐，可以是单盐或二盐，较好的是用其碱金属或铵盐，特别是Na2HPO3、K2HPO3和NH4H2PO3。
在实际使用时，所含亚磷酸型活性物质的有效量通常在1g/q至1kg/q(q是公担的缩写，其量相当于100kg)之间，较好的是在5至500g/q之间。
较好的用量是以每公担种粒用1至500g活性物质的比例包裹种粒，5至300g/q更好。
所选择的亚磷酸型活性物质其在20℃水中溶解度较好是大于0.1g/q，更好是大于0.5g/l，50g/l尤其好。具有较低溶解度的活性物质也可使用，但必需采用相当复杂的剂型，例如可湿性粉末或水悬混液。使用上述足够高溶解度的活性物质是有利的，因为就有可能使用简单的溶液来处理种子，这是极为经济的。
按照本发明的第一种做法，本发明还涉及由种子发芽长成的植物幼苗(如前面就种子的定义所述)，这些植物幼苗处于单叶或双叶阶段。
得到这样的植物幼苗是很引入注目的，因为可以预料残余的亚磷酸对发芽生成的植株具有植物毒性效果，与亚磷酸叶部施加所具有的植物毒性效果相同。
本发明特别有利地涉及为下述作物的种子防治真菌疾病，这些作物包括谷类植物，特别是小麦、大麦、黑麦、冬大麦、燕麦、黑小麦、玉米或稻。
特别有利地是本发明保护种子免患
*属于根基腐霉病(Pythium arrhenomanes)、禾生腐霉病(Pythium graminicola)、簇囊腐霉病(Pythium torulosum)、范特腐霉病(Pythium vanterpoolii)、根腐腐霉病(Pythium myriotylum)、周雄腐霉病(Pythium periilum)、芒孢腐霉病(Pythium aristosporum)、瓜果腐霉病(Pythium aphanidermatum)的疾病。
*腐坏，
*根部腐烂，
*植物幼苗根颈腐烂。
本发明进而涉及用于保护种子(尤其是单子叶植物种子)免患真菌疾病的杀真菌组合物，其特征是它们含有：
*至少一种选自亚磷酸或其盐的活性物质，
*至少一种农业上可接受的惰性载体，
*但一种农业上可接受的表面活性剂(可用或不用)，
*这些组合物的其它组分，但三唑2-(4-氯代亚苄)-5，5-二甲基-1-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1-环戊醇除外。
本发明的组合物通常含有0.5至95％(重量)亚磷酸型活性物质。在这些处理剂中，亚磷酸型活性物质的量大于5％(重量)为好。
本发明也涉及保护种子(尤其是单子叶植物种子)免患真菌疾病的方法，其特征是将有效量的上述定义的杀真菌活性物质和/或杀真菌组合物施加于所述的种子。按照本发明的这个方法，施加亚磷酸型杀真菌活性物质是通过使用含至少5％亚磷酸型活性物质的组合物来完成的，较好的是含至少10％。
在本文中，“载体”这一术语”是指一种天然或合成的有机或无机物质，它与活性物质组合起来，以便于其对种子的施加。因此，这种载体通常需是惰性的，并且它必需是农业上可接受的，特别是对被处理的种子而言。载体可以是固体(粘土、天然或合成的硅酸盐、二氧化硅、树脂、蜡、固体肥料及类似物)，或较好的是液体(水、醇类、酮类、石油镏分、芳香烃或链烷烃、氯代烃及类似物)。如上所述，使用液体载体为好，特别是亚磷酸活性物质在其中可溶解的那些液体载体，尤其是水和水溶液。
表面活性剂可以是离子型或非离子型的乳化剂、分散剂或湿润剂。它们可以是例如聚丙烯酸盐、木素磺酸盐、苯酚磺酸盐或萘磺酸盐、环氧乙烷与脂肪醇或脂肪酸或脂肪胺的缩聚物，取代酚(特别是烷基酚或芳基酚)，硫代琥珀酸酯的盐，牛磺酸衍生物(特别是烷基牛磺酸盐)，或聚氧乙烯化苯酚或醇的磷酸酯。时常至少需用一种表面活性剂。
这些组合物也还可以含有任何种类的其它组分，例如保护胶体、胶粘剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、螯合剂、色素、染料或聚合物。
可以更一般地说，根据传统的、具体用于种子处理的制剂技术所用的一切固体或液体添加剂，都可加入到本发明的组合物中。
就此问题而言，应该指出，用本专业技术人员的语汇，种子处理这一术语实际上主要涉及种粒的处理。
施加技术对本专业技术人员是熟知的，就可以直接采用这些施加技术而无损于本发明。
例如，可以指出薄膜涂覆即涂覆的方法。由于涂覆方法很简便，用于本发明是很适合的。只需将要处理的种子与杀真菌组合物一起搅拌混合即可。
组合物，通常讲的是固体或液体组合物。
可以指出的是溶剂剂，作为液体组合物或在施加时用以生成液体组合物，还可特别指出的剂型有水溶性的浓缩物、可乳化的浓缩物、乳剂，悬浮液浓缩物或可湿性粉剂(即喷射用的粉末)。
可乳化或可溶浓缩物最经常是含有10至80％活性物质，而在准备施加时的乳剂或溶液则含有0.01至20％活性物质。
例如，除了含有溶剂外，可乳化浓缩物在需要时还可含有2至20％适宜的添加剂如稳定剂、表面活性剂、渗透剂、腐蚀抑制剂、染料或上述的胶粘剂。
对这些浓缩物用水稀释，就可得到任何所需浓度的乳剂，它们对一种子特别适用。
通常制得的可湿性粉剂(或喷射用的粉末)含有20至95％活性物质，它们通常除了含固体载体，还含有0至95％湿润剂，3至10％分散剂，以及当需要时，0至10％的一种或多种稳定剂和/或其它添加剂如染料、色素、渗透剂、胶粘剂、抗结块剂和类似物。
前已述及，水性分散剂和乳剂，例如按照本发明用水稀释可湿性粉末或可乳化浓缩物所得的组合物，仍属于本发明的总体范围。乳剂可以是油包水或水包油型，它们的稠度很厚，就象“mayon-naise”。
在这些组合物中，本专业技术人员可依照使用条件有利地选择其一种或多种。
在本发明中，亚磷酸衍生物可单独使用或与杀真菌剂或杀虫剂混合，特别是克菌丹、福美双、阿司匹林或其盐和酯、水杨酸或其盐和酯、双胍盐、喹啉铜、tefluthrin、蒽醌或metalaxyl，和杀虫剂如imi-dacloprid，林丹和硫丹，以及这些不同产物的混合物混合。
下列实施例的给出不暗示任何限定，说明了本发明并显示它能如何被利用。
实施例1
用1.5ml亚磷酸水溶液处理了100g大麦种粒。先算出处理溶液的具体浓度，从而算出在种子上的产物剂量(g/q)，列在下面的表中。当剂量是100g/q时，水中亚磷酸的浓度是75g/l。
处理是通过简单的搅拌混合进行的，历时1分钟，得到含有如下表中所示不同浓度的亚磷酸的种子。
将这些种粒存放在装有泥煤和火山灰混合物的罐中。将1毫升Pythium菌丝体研磨制剂喷入罐中培养。每个罐中约有20粒种粒。
种粒发了芽。在种粒放入罐中后的第15天，观察植物的状态，与未用亚磷酸处理的对照种粒和未经Pythium培养的对照种粒进行了比较。发了芽的所有植物都有二片叶子。没有一例发现植物毒性。
结果如下：
实施例2
| 杀真菌剂 | 剂量(g/q) | 以百分比表示的效率 | |
| Pythiumarrhenomanes | Pythiummyriotylum | ||
| 亚磷酸 | 50100 | 60100 | 4060 |
| 单膦酸钠 | 100200400800 | 75100100100 | 2070100100 |
| 未处理对照 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
如同实施例1，用亚磷酸二钾水溶液处理了大麦种粒。为了得到种子上240g/q产物的剂量，用1.5ml含180g/l K2HPO3的溶液处理100g种子。
对种子进行了处理，以使得这些种子上面含有249g/q亚磷酸盐。
将经此处理的种粒播种于开放大田中，观察作物的状态72天，与未处理的那些对照种粒相比较。所有这些作物均受到Pythium ar-rhenomanes的真菌侵害感染。
所观察到的是，与未处理的植物相比，按本发明处理后的植物所含的根为2.8倍，植物本身的株数要多24.3％。与未处理的植物相比，处理后植物根的干燥物重量要多39％。
Claims (13)
1.用含亚磷酸活性物质的杀真菌组合物处理种子的方法，其特征在于，将含以下成分的杀真菌组合物施用于种子：
*有效量的至少一种选自亚磷酸或其盐的活性物质、
*至少一种农业上可接受的惰性载体，
其条件是，该杀真菌组合物不含三唑2-(4-氯代亚苄)-5，5-二甲基-1-(1H-1，2，4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1-环戊醇。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述杀真菌组合物还含有农业上可接受的表面活性剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述杀真菌组合物还含有保护胶体、胶粘剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、螯合剂、色素、染料或聚合物中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述亚磷酸活性物质是亚磷酸或其碱金属盐、铵盐。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述杀真菌组合物还含有选自克菌丹、福美双、双胍盐、喹啉铜或甲霜灵、吡虫啉、林丹、硫丹、阿司匹林、水杨酸或阿司匹林和水杨酸的盐或酯的第二种活性物质。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述杀真菌组合物是液体。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，对每100公斤种子施用5-500克亚磷酸活性物质。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，亚磷酸活性物质在20℃水中的溶解度大于0.1克/升。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，亚磷酸活性物质在20℃水中的溶解度大于0.5克/升。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述种子是单子叶植物种子。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述单子叶植物种子是谷物种子。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述谷物种子是小麦、大麦、黑麦、冬大麦、燕麦、黑小麦、玉米或稻的种子。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法在保护种子免受下列病害中的应用：根基腐霉病、禾生腐霉病、簇囊腐霉病、范特腐霉病、根腐腐霉病、周雄腐霉病、芒孢腐霉病、瓜果腐霉病；和防止处理过的种子出现腐坏、根部腐烂，植物幼苗根颈腐烂。
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| FR2819992B1 (fr) * | 2001-01-31 | 2007-05-11 | Jean Louis Soyez | Composition fongicide a base de phosphite acide de potassium pour la lutte contre les maladies cryptomatiques des plantes, et procede de traitement |
| WO2002076215A1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-10-03 | Sankyo Company,Limited | Agricultural/horticultural compositions |
| ATE462299T1 (de) * | 2002-12-04 | 2010-04-15 | Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc | Verfahren zum schutz von weizen vor mykotoxinbefall |
| CL2007003747A1 (es) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-18 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Composicion pesticida que comprende fosetil-al y un compuesto insecticida; y metodo para controlar hongos fitopatogenos o insecticidas daninos de las plantas, cultivos o semillas que comprende aplicar dicha composicion. |
| RU2538137C1 (ru) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-01-10 | Алексей Георгиевич Бородкин | СРЕДСТВО ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ ЛУКОВИЦ ТЮЛЬПАНОВ, ГЛАДИОЛУСОВ И МОНТБРЕЦИИ ОТ ФУЗАРИОЗА, БОТРИТИОЗА И ГРИБА Penicillium |
| RU2607026C1 (ru) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-01-10 | Алексей Георгиевич Бородкин | Средство для защиты луковиц ирисов, гиацинтов и нарциссов от грибковых заболеваний |
| CN108849983A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-23 | 吉林省八达农药有限公司 | 亚磷酸钾的用途及作物种子处理剂和处理方法 |
| RU2733902C1 (ru) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-10-08 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет имени И.Т. Трубилина" | Способ повышения эффективности предпосевной обработки семян риса медью в условиях Краснодарского края |
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| CA:101:124724 1984.1.1 ODBODY,G.N.USE OF SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES MATALAXYL AND FOSETYL-AL FOR COMTROL;CA:110:168018 1989.1.1 FENN，M.R，QUANTIFICATION OF PHOSPHONATE AND ETHYL PHOSPHONATE寂IN TOBACCO A * |
| CA:110:168018 1989.1.1 FENN，M.R，QUANTIFICATION OF PHOSPHONATE AND ETHYL PHOSPHONATE寂IN TOBACCO A * |
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