CN105189208B - 用于机动车辆的后视镜组件 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的后视镜组件 Download PDF

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CN105189208B
CN105189208B CN201480015879.5A CN201480015879A CN105189208B CN 105189208 B CN105189208 B CN 105189208B CN 201480015879 A CN201480015879 A CN 201480015879A CN 105189208 B CN105189208 B CN 105189208B
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P.克雷布斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的后视镜装置(1)，其具有壳体(3)并且具有用于观看后面交通的镜子组件(2)，所述镜子组件被保持在壳体(3)中并且包括液晶单元(4)，其中，镜子组件(2)的反射率被设计为通过控制设备是可变的，并且液晶单元(4)具有透明前侧载体层(5)、透明后侧载体层(6)，以及布置在所述载体层之间的电可致动液晶层(7)，并且其中，所述液晶层通过布置在所述载体层(5、6)之间的密封框架(8)以密闭方式保持。其目的是改善所述后视镜装置(1)，以便为作为用户的车辆乘员产生永久清晰的光学图像，并且所述镜子装置具有较低的重量并且生产成本低廉。其实现原因在于，所述壳体(3)是一体式的并且允许镜子组件(2)的无框保持，并且在于，壳体间隙(9)保留在所述壳体元件(3a)与所述镜子组件(2)之间，密封件(10)装配到所述壳体间隙内用于所述镜子组件(2)在所述壳体中的密封保持。

Description

用于机动车辆的后视镜组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的后视镜组件。
背景技术
用于机动车辆的后视镜装置具有提供后面交通的视野的反射表面。通常，后视镜装置还设计为是可调光的。以这种方式，在黑暗中行驶时，来自后面行驶的车辆的眩光可以被防止。在可自动调光后视镜装置的情况下，光传感器测量或检测在汽车前方区域和后方交通区域之间的亮度差异。测量值然后被发送到评估和控制电子设备，然后镜子装置的反射率也相应地变化。在这种情况下使用了包括光学单元的镜子组件。所述光学单元例如以液晶单元的形式。在这样的镜子组件的情况下，反射率可以通过施加电场而改变。
具有液晶单元作为光学单元的已知镜子组件基本上由安装在壳体中的镜子组件组成。为此目的，壳体具有接收空间，其具有在向前方向上的接收开口。壳体还通常具有框架元件，其在组装过程用在边缘区域的夹紧作用固定地保持镜子组件。镜子组件的光学单元基本上由前侧和后侧透明载体层、两个透明导电层、两个取向层和液晶层组成，所述液晶层居中地布置在各层之间并且包括液晶介质。液晶层的液晶介质通过布置在边缘侧的环绕密封件以密封的方式接收在取向层之间。在这种情况下，环绕密封件是由布置在边缘侧的粘合剂材料的环形层实现的。
具有光学元件的镜子装置从例如US 2004/0240029 A1是已知的。在所述镜子装置的情况下，光学单元通过接合在镜子组件的边缘区域上的框架元件保持在后视镜壳体中。
在这种情况下，温度波动或非常高的温度负载可导致光学单元密封的损害。这能够导致空气侵入液晶介质或导致液晶的损失。这对由镜子装置产生的光学图像造成损害。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是进一步开发一种用于机动车辆的可自动调光的后视镜装置，其具有光学液晶单元，使得后视镜装置为作为用户的车辆乘员产生永久清晰的光学图像，其具有较低的重量并且生产成本低廉。
通过构造在本发明中详细说明的镜子组件，即使在温度波动和高温度负荷的情况下，永久地产生清晰的光学图像是可能的。这是通过在壳体与镜子组件之间的壳体间隙中附加布置的密封件实现的。由于镜子组件在壳体中的无框保持，显示器对用户的改善外观得以实现。显示器的宽度在附图中通过尺寸箭头D表示。
因为镜子组件通过密封件保持在一体式壳体元件中，并且所述镜子组件通过壳体元件的框架元件的附加夹持固定可以被省略，生产成本可以被显著降低。
密封件优选地是通过粘合剂膜实现的。粘合剂首先实现镜子组件在壳体元件中的保持，其次实现附加的密封。以这种方式，在引言中提到的缺点被消除。在生产反射元件/箔的过程中，它的切割边缘是开放的，因而通常必须被覆盖或密封。由于所述附加密封件，所述镜子组件的边缘密封可以被省略。这产生了相当大的成本优势。壳体元件是一体式的，据此要制造的部件数目被减少。
在根据本发明的后视镜装置的另一实施例中，提供了镜子组件到壳体的无框固定。
根据本发明的后视镜装置的其它有利实施例和改进将从从属权利要求中显现。
附图说明
用于机动车辆的后视镜装置的优选实施例将通过举例的方式在下面进行描述，其中，为了说明的目的而参考了附图，其中：
图1示出了作为内部镜子装置的后视镜装置的示意图，
图2示出了第一实施例中的镜子装置的横截面，
图2.1示出了第二实施例中的镜子装置的横截面，
图3示出了第三实施例中的镜子装置的横截面；并且
图3.1示出了第四实施例中的镜子装置的横截面。
具体实施方式
图1以前视示意图示出了用于安装在机动车辆中的后视镜装置。在第一改进中，通过其可查看后面交通的镜子组件2被以封闭方式保持在壳体3上，保持在壳体元件形式的载体板3a上。为此目的，壳体元件3a具有接收空间，其在向前方向上具有接收开口。壳体元件3a是一体式的，并允许镜子组件2的无框保持。有壳体元件3a的壳体3通常可以通过保持设备/镜脚固定到内车厢，也就是说固定到机动车辆的车顶衬里或挡风玻璃上。至少一个光传感器也安装在内后视镜的壳体3中，来自后面交通方向上的环境光强度由所述光传感器检测。此外，车辆前方区域的光强度也被检测。镜子组件2的致动和调光然后以依赖于所测量信号的方式实现。后视镜装置1不言而喻地也可以是外镜的形式。
根据本发明的镜子装置1的第一实施例将在下面基于图2进行描述，其装备有自动调光功能。检测光强度的传感器，致动电子器件和评估电子器件在这里将不会示出或以任何更多细节进行描述。这些对于本领域技术人员是已知的。光学单元未以真实比例示出，并且未示出其整体。基本结构和功能对于本领域技术人员同样是已知的。
为了改变反射率，根据本发明的镜子组件2包括液晶单元4，所述液晶单元具有透明前侧载体层5、透明后侧载体层6，以及布置在载体层5、6之间包括液晶介质的电可致动液晶层7。在这种以液晶为基础的技术的情况下，所利用的效应是，当电场被施加到液晶单元4时，液晶分子将其自身与电场平行排列。在基态中，也就是说没有电场时，液晶分子在纵向方向上排列，也就是说光在其中透过的方向。为了实现所述取向，取向层被附加地设置。
如在引言中已经描述的，镜子组件2安装在被称为载体板的一体式壳体元件3a中，使得镜子组件2的无框保持是允许的。在这种情况下，壳体间隙9保留在壳体元件3a与镜子组件2之间，在镜子装置1的组装过程中，密封件10被装配到所述壳体间隙内，以用于镜子组件2在壳体元件3a中的密封保持。在这种情况下，密封件10优选地是粘合剂(例如环氧树脂或丙烯酸酯)。
为了在壳体元件3a中接收镜子组件2，所述壳体元件3a形成为优选地由塑料材料组成的壳体半壳，所述壳体半壳包括壳体基部11和有指向前侧V的面对表面13(facesurface)的环绕壳体边缘12。在此情况下，壳体基部11和壳体边缘12形成用于镜子组件2的接收空间，其在向前方向上开口，壳体基部11形成有用于支撑镜子组件2的承载点14，所述承载点例如是以网状承载点14的形式。
如从图2中可以看出的，镜子组件2被保持在壳体元件3a中，使得透明的前侧载体层5、密封件10与壳体边缘12的面侧13彼此齐平地对准。密封件10被装配到环绕壳体间隙9内，以便以密封方式在壳体内壁与镜子组件之间完全地封闭所述壳体间隙9。
镜子组件的液晶单元4或光学单元基本上由如下所述的结构组成。包括液晶介质的液晶层7以密封方式布置在两个透明导电层之间。所述面电极的接触未示出。此外，在导电层与液晶层7之间，在每一种情况下设置有实现液晶分子在基态(当电场没有施加时)的取向的一个层。所述层被称为取向层，其同样是透明的。液晶层7的液晶介质的液晶由布置在边缘侧的环绕密封件以密封方式接收在取向层之间。环绕密封件在下文中将称为密封框架8，并且可以通过布置在边缘侧的粘合剂材料环形层实现。
布置有液晶层7的上述层被布置在两个透明载体层5、6之间。如从后视镜装置的前侧V所观察到的，所述透明载体层5是玻璃层形式的并且被称为前侧载体层。玻璃层具有抗划伤保护器的功能。也可以使用透明的箔或塑料板作为用于布置在前侧上的透明载体层5的材料。在指向壳体基部11的侧上，透明载体层6被称为后侧载体层并且可以是透明的箔、塑料板或玻璃的形式。
在指向壳体基部11的一侧上，后侧载体层6设置有非透明反射层。在这种情况下，非透明反射层13可由金属涂层组成。所述涂层例如通过气相沉积或溅射或喷涂产生。所述反射涂层未在示图中示出。
综上所述，镜子组件2从后视镜装置1的前侧出发的层结构在下面列出：
-透明载体层
-导电层
-取向层
-有液晶介质和密封框架的液晶层
-取向层
-导电层
-透明载体层
-反射层或半透明反射层
在未示出的其他实施例中，与上述镜子组件2的实施例相反，反射层是半透明反射涂层的形式。这允许显示装置在镜子组件2后侧上的附加布置。
图2.1示出了后视镜装置1'的第一可选实施例。这里，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的部件。为简单起见，这些将不再描述。与图2所示的实施例对比，镜子组件2包括另一透明层。所述透明层5a布置在透明载体层5与导电层之间。附加透明层5a优选地是透明箔。
在图3中示出的实施例示出了根据本发明的后视镜装置1”的可选实施例。这里，相同的部件通过相同的附图标记表示。与图2中所描述的镜子组件2对比，所述镜子组件2被保持在壳体3中，使得透明前侧载体层5覆盖壳体边缘12的面侧13，并与壳体半壳的外轮廓3a平齐地终止。在这种情况下，透明前侧载体层5的环绕向前指向边缘区域R是倒圆形式的。
此外，图3.1中示出了第四可选实施例。同样地，在这种情况下，相同的部件通过相同的附图标记表示。与图3中所示的实施例对比，这里提供了附加透明层5b。所述透明层5b被布置在透明载体层5与导电层之间。附加透明层5b优选地是透明箔。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于机动车辆的后视镜装置(1、1'、1”、1”')，其具有壳体(3)并且具有用于查看后面交通的镜子组件(2)，所述镜子组件保持在所述壳体(3)中并且包括液晶单元(4)，其中，所述镜子组件(2)的反射率可以通过控制设备改变，并且所述液晶单元具有各自包括透明导电层和取向层的透明前侧载体层(5)、透明后侧载体层(6)，以及布置在所述载体层(5、6)之间包含液晶介质的电可致动液晶层(7)，并且其中，所述液晶层通过布置在所述载体层(5、6)之间的密封框架(8)以密闭方式保持，其特征在于，所述壳体(3)包括壳体元件(3a)，其是一体式的并且允许所述镜子组件(2)的无框保持，并且在于，壳体间隙(9)保留在所述壳体元件(3a)与所述镜子组件(2)之间，密封件(10)装配在所述壳体间隙内用于所述镜子组件(2)在所述壳体中的密封保持，并且其中，所述密封件是粘合剂，其是环氧树脂或丙烯酸酯，其中，所述镜子组件(2)被保持在所述壳体元件(3a)中，使得所述透明前侧载体层(5)覆盖所述壳体元件的壳体边缘的面侧(13)，并且与所述壳体元件(3a)的外轮廓齐平地终止，
其中，所述密封件(10)装配为使得其从所述壳体边缘(12)的上边缘延伸到在所述壳体元件的壳体基部(11)与所述镜子组件(2)的下侧之间的边缘区域内，
其中，所述壳体间隙(9)是环绕式的，并且所述密封件(10)以密封的方式完全地封闭所述壳体间隙(9)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于机动车辆的后视镜装置(1)，其中，所述透明前侧载体层或所述透明后侧载体层(6)是光学地透明的箔、玻璃板或透明塑料板形式的。
3.根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的用于机动车辆的后视镜装置(1)，其中，所述壳体基部(11)上形成有用于支撑所述镜子组件(2)的承载点(14)。
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