CN105188921A - 排气净化用催化剂系统及排气净化方法 - Google Patents
排气净化用催化剂系统及排气净化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105188921A CN105188921A CN201480028321.0A CN201480028321A CN105188921A CN 105188921 A CN105188921 A CN 105188921A CN 201480028321 A CN201480028321 A CN 201480028321A CN 105188921 A CN105188921 A CN 105188921A
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminium borate
- catalyst
- aluminium
- exhaust gas
- quality
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;borate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000013210 evaluation model Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002604 lanthanum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical group CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BNHGVULTSGNVIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)O BNHGVULTSGNVIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylate Chemical group CCSC(=O)N(CC(C)C)CC(C)C BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAZATQPISSQJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)O.[B] Chemical compound C(C)O.[B] XAZATQPISSQJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018967 Pt—Rh Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ALAKTRPZDBMVIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].C(C)OC(C)O Chemical compound [B].C(C)OC(C)O ALAKTRPZDBMVIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOTODGFHAODHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].C(CCC)O Chemical compound [B].C(CCC)O ZOTODGFHAODHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCUUPEJXLGFXLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].C[Si](O)(C)C Chemical compound [B].C[Si](O)(C)C ZCUUPEJXLGFXLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GXUARMXARIJAFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium oxalate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O GXUARMXARIJAFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940094800 barium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ba+2] CSSYLTMKCUORDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [La+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VQEHIYWBGOJJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VQEHIYWBGOJJDM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- XKUYOJZZLGFZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) bromide Chemical compound Br[La](Br)Br XKUYOJZZLGFZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- MYWQGROTKMBNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxyalumane Chemical class [Al+3].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] MYWQGROTKMBNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQNVJDSEWRGEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) borate Chemical compound C=CCOB(OCC=C)OCC=C RQNVJDSEWRGEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B01D2255/707—Additives or dopants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
将排气净化催化剂结构体配置于前部和后部的汽车用排气净化系统中,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含硼酸铝。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及将规定的硼酸铝用作载体的排气净化用催化剂系统及排气净化方法。
背景技术
在从汽车等的内燃机排出的排气中,包含碳化氢(HC)、一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)等有害成分。因此,一直以来使用三元催化剂,其对这些有害成分进行净化而使之无害化。
在这样的三元催化剂中,有将硼酸铝用作载体的例子,通过在如下的压粉体中负载催化剂成分,意图提高气体扩散性:该压粉体包含由硼酸铝晶须覆盖外侧、在其内部形成了中空部的粉状体(参照专利文献1)。
另外,在先提出了如下技术:对这样的硼酸铝,用以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.3~2质量%、优选0.4~2质量%、更优选0.5~1.5质量%的量的La2O3进行修饰并作为用于排气净化用催化剂的载体(参照专利文献2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2002-370035号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2012-16685号公报。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
然而,虽然与以往技术的硼酸铝相比净化性能提高了,不过为了应对近年来的严格的排气规定,要求进一步的改良。
本发明的目的在于,提供可以应对近年来的严格的排气规定的排气净化用催化剂系统及排气净化方法。
用以解决课题的手段
本发明人为了达成上述目的而专心研究,结果发现在将排气净化催化剂配置于发动机附近的前部(front部)和排气出口附近的后部(rear部)的PZEV(部分零排放车辆:PartialZeroEmissionsVehicle)对应车辆的排气净化系统中,采用硼酸铝作为载体时,若将前部的排气净化催化剂设为多层结构并在其下层采用硼酸铝,特别是氧化铝和氧化硼的比为10:2~9:2的耐热性优异的硼酸铝载体,则CO、HC和NOx的净化性能被特异性地改善,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明的排气净化用催化剂系统,其为将排气净化催化剂结构体配置于前部和后部的汽车用排气净化系统,其特征在于,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含硼酸铝。
另外,本发明的排气净化方法,其特征在于,通过排气净化系统对汽车的排气进行净化,所述排气净化系统为将排气净化催化剂结构体配置于前部和后部的汽车用排气净化系统,其中,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含硼酸铝。
在此,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层优选包含氧化铝和氧化硼的摩尔比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝。
另外优选,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含氧化铝和氧化硼的摩尔比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝,且所述硼酸铝经以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.3~2质量%的量的La2O3修饰。
另外优选,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含氧化铝和氧化硼的摩尔比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝,且所述硼酸铝包含:经以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.3~2质量%的量的La2O3修饰的载体,和负载于该载体的Pd。
另外优选,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含氧化铝和氧化硼的摩尔比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝,且所述硼酸铝包含:经以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.3~2质量%的量的La2O3修饰的载体,和负载于该载体的Pd及Ba。
另外,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层之上所设置的上层优选包含铑催化剂层。
发明效果
本发明的排气净化用催化剂系统,其为将排气净化催化剂配置于发动机附近的前部和排气出口附近的后部的PZEV对应车辆的排气净化系统,因为将高温耐久后的排气净化性能优异、贵金属特别是Pd的分散度优异的载体用于前部的排气净化用催化剂结构体的下层,所以发挥了提高在LA4评价模式中的CO、HC、NOx的净化性能的效果。
另外,本发明的排气净化方法,其为将排气净化催化剂配置于发动机附近的前部和排气出口附近的后部的PZEV对应车辆的排气净化系统,因为采用了将高温耐久后的排气净化性能优异、贵金属特别是Pd的分散度优异的载体用于前部的排气净化用催化剂结构体的下层的排气净化系统进行净化,所以发挥了提高在LA4评价模式中的CO、HC、NOx的净化性能的效果。
附图说明
图1是表示制造例的硼酸铝的X射线衍射的测定结果的图。
图2是表示另一制造例的硼酸铝的X射线衍射的测定结果的图。
图3是表示试验例的结果的图表。
具体实施方式
本发明的排气净化用催化剂系统,其为将排气净化催化剂结构体配置于前部和后部的汽车用排气净化系统,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含硼酸铝。
其中,优选氧化铝和氧化硼的摩尔比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝。
另外,特别优选包含经以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.3~2质量%的量的La2O3修饰的、氧化铝和氧化硼的摩尔比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝。
在此,氧化铝和氧化硼的比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝是指,包含以式10Al2O3·2B2O3(5Al2O3:B2O3,Al20B4O36)表示的物质、以式9Al2O3·2B2O3(Al18B4O33)表示的物质的硼酸铝,以下称作特定组成的硼酸铝。将以La2O3对其进行了修饰的物质,称作经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝。
本发明中使用的特定组成的硼酸铝的特性及其制造方法,例如记载于SibaP.Ray,“PreparationandCharacterizationofAluminumBorate(硼酸铝的制备和表征)”,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,75〔9〕,p2605-2609(1992)中。以往,硼酸铝基于化学分析以式9Al2O3·2B2O3(Al18B4O33)表示。然而,根据Martin等,“Crystal-chemistryofmullite-typealuminoboratesAl18B4O33andAl5BO9:Astoichiometrypuzzle(莫来石型硼酸铝Al18B4O33的晶体化学和Al5BO9:A化学量论难题)”,JournalofSolidStateChemistry184(2011)70-80,记载了硼酸铝可以式Al5BO9(5Al2O3:B2O3,Al20B4O36)即式10Al2O3·2B2O3表示,进而记载了对于硼酸铝而言容许式9Al2O3·2B2O3(Al18B4O33)及Al5BO9(5Al2O3:B2O3,Al20B4O36)两者(即为同一物质)。
因此,本发明中用于前部的下层的特定组成的硼酸铝为包含以式10Al2O3·2B2O3(5Al2O3:B2O3,Al20B4O36)表示的物质、以式9Al2O3·2B2O3(Al18B4O33)表示的物质的硼酸铝。
另外,关于特定组成的硼酸铝,已知在晶体结构的内部具有直径约0.4nm的空洞。对这样的硼酸铝,优选用以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.3~2质量%、优选0.4~2质量%、更优选0.5~1.5质量%的量的La2O3进行修饰。在La2O3的量以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.3质量%~2质量%的情况下,高温耐久后的催化剂的排气净化性能特别地得到了改善。
用于本发明的排气净化用催化剂的载体,既可以是仅由上述的硼酸铝构成的物质,也可以是上述硼酸铝与在三元催化剂中通常所使用的氧化铝等粘合剂或具有储氧能力(OSC)的CeO2-ZrO2等载体的混合物。即,用于本发明的排气净化用催化剂的载体为包含上述硼酸铝的物质。
本发明中所使用的用于排气净化用催化剂的载体,既可以是仅由上述经La2O3修饰的硼酸铝构成的物质,也可以是上述经La2O3修饰的硼酸铝与在三元催化剂中通常所使用的氧化铝等粘合剂或具有储氧能力(OSC)的CeO2-ZrO2等载体的混合物。即,本发明中所使用的用于排气净化用催化剂的载体为包含上述经La2O3修饰的硼酸铝的物质。
上述的本发明中所使用的用于排气净化用催化剂的载体无论负载Pd、Rh及Pt中的任意贵金属,高温耐久后的贵金属分散度劣化率都得到抑制,高温耐久后的贵金属烧结的抑制都得以实现,不过,贵金属为Pd的情况下效果显著,用于前部的下层时在LA4评价模式中的CO、HC、NOx的净化性能提高的效果也显著。
本发明的前部的下层的排气净化用催化剂层优选在上述包含经La2O3修饰的硼酸铝的载体上负载有Pd的物质。Pd的负载量以载体的质量为基准计优选为0.3~3质量%、更优选为0.4~2质量%。通过在上述经La2O3修饰的硼酸铝上负载Pd,与在具有储氧能力的CeO2-ZrO2上负载有Pd的情况和在La稳定化氧化铝上负载有Pd的情况相比,高温耐久后的Pd分散度劣化率得到抑制,高温耐久后的Pd烧结的抑制得以实现,而且,用于前部的下层时在LA4评价模式中的CO、HC、NOx的净化性能提高。
通常,La稳定化氧化铝在1000℃附近发生相转移,因而在热方面是不稳定的,与之相对,本发明中所使用的经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝在1000℃附近不发生相转移,因而热方面是稳定的。因此,本发明的排气净化用催化剂层,用于暴露在更高温下的前部,效果更高。
另外,将本发明的排气净化用催化剂层用于热负荷大的前部时,用于下层而非上层更能得到抑制Pd的劣化的效果,在前部使用经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝的效果大。
本发明的前部的下层的排气净化用催化剂层优选为在上述包含经La2O3修饰的硼酸铝的载体上负载有Pd及Ba的物质。通过负载Pd及Ba,可以使PdO的氧解离温度高温化,可以提高Pd的催化作用。Pd的负载量及效果如上述。Ba的负载量换算成BaO的质量并以Pd金属的质量为基准计优选为2~3质量%、更优选为2~2.5质量%。
本发明的排气净化用催化剂系统的前部的排气净化用催化剂结构体,是在由陶瓷或金属材料形成的催化剂支撑体上形成并负载由上述排气净化用催化剂构成的下层的结构体。其负载量优选为70~300g/L、更优选为100~230g/L。催化剂支撑体的形状虽然并不受特别限定,不过通常是蜂窝、板、团粒等形状,优选为蜂窝形状。另外,作为催化剂支撑体的材质,例如可举出氧化铝(Al2O3)、莫来石(3Al2O3-2SiO2)、堇青石(2MgO-2Al2O3-5SiO2)等陶瓷和不锈钢等金属材料。
本发明中使用的前部的排气净化用催化剂结构体,是在催化剂支撑体上形成上述的下层之后,在该下层之上形成并负载由不同组成的催化剂层构成的上层的结构体。上层优选含有Rh。
虽然为了使氧化还原反应高效率地发挥,Rh和Pd的组合是有效的,不过Pd的耐中毒性不足,Rh的耐中毒性比Pd更优异。因此,配置于热负荷大的前部时,优选在特别容易中毒的上层含有Rh。
含有于上层的Rh的负载量以Rh催化剂层中的载体的质量为基准计优选为0.1~0.6质量%、更优选为0.1~0.4质量%。这种形态的排气净化用催化剂结构体中,Pd:Rh的比优选为3~20:1,更优选为5~20:1。另外,下层的负载量,在使用蜂窝形状的催化剂支撑体时,优选为70~200g/L,更优选为100~160g/L,上层的负载量,若考虑耐热性、向下层的气体扩散性、排气压力等,则优选为30~100g/L,更优选为50~70g/L。
本发明中前部的下层中使用的上述排气净化用催化剂的制造方法为,首先,将以式9Al2O3·2B2O3表示的硼酸铝和镧化合物的溶液混合,蒸发干燥至固体,并焙烧,从而制造经La2O3修饰的、氧化铝和氧化硼的比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝。接着,将该经修饰的硼酸铝和Pd化合物的溶液混合、或将该经修饰的硼酸铝和Ba化合物及Pd化合物的溶液混合。然后,蒸发干燥至固体,并焙烧。对于该处理工艺以下具体地进行说明。尚需说明,本说明书、专利权利要求等的记载中,构成“溶液”的溶剂只要是能够形成溶液的物质虽并不受特别限制,不过通常使用水。
上述排气净化用催化剂的制造方法中使用的、氧化铝和氧化硼的比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝有市售。另外就实验室规模而言,例如可以通过以下的方法制造。向浸于50℃的热水浴中的三口烧瓶中加入1.5L溶剂(例如2-丙醇、丁醇、乙醇)、200g用玛瑙研钵粉碎而得的Al的醇盐(例如乙醇铝、异丙醇铝、三异丙醇铝、正丁醇铝、仲丁醇铝、叔丁醇铝、三丁醇铝、苯酚铝、乙氧基乙氧基乙醇铝)及40.9gB的醇盐(例如正丙醇硼、三甲基硅醇硼、乙氧基乙醇硼、乙烯基二甲基硅醇硼、硼酸三烯丙酯(boronallyloxide)、正丁醇硼、叔丁醇硼、乙醇硼、异丙醇硼、甲醇硼),边用N2气体置换边搅拌。作为Al的醇盐使用异丙醇铝时,异丙醇铝水解时生成2-丙醇,因此,作为溶剂使用2-丙醇在制造上是最为优选的。Al的醇盐完全溶解后,将24.6g溶剂(例如2-丙醇):水=1:1的混合溶液缓慢滴入,逐渐水解,则生成白色凝胶状物质。将所得到的沉淀物用乙醇洗涤,接着用纯水洗涤,并过滤,然后,于120℃干燥一晚(约15小时),在空气中于300℃焙烧3小时,然后,进而在空气中于1000℃焙烧5小时,得到为白色产物的硼酸铝。通过X射线衍射可以鉴定该硼酸铝是以式9Al2O3·2B2O3表示的硼酸铝。
本发明的排气净化用催化剂的制造方法中,将氧化铝和氧化硼的比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝与镧化合物(可溶性的镧化合物,例如硝酸镧、醋酸镧、氯化镧、溴化镧、硫酸镧)的溶液混合的工序中,既可以将含有硼酸铝的淤浆和镧化合物的溶液混合,也可以在镧化合物的溶液中添加硼酸铝。这时硼酸铝的量和镧化合物的量的比设成以焙烧后硼酸铝的质量为基准计有0.3~2质量%、优选0.4~2质量%、更优选0.5~1.5质量%的La2O3。
然后,于120℃蒸发干燥至固体一晚(约15小时),以使镧化合物几乎均匀地附着在硼酸铝的表面,接着,在空气中于600℃焙烧3小时,得到经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝,即用于本发明的排气净化用催化剂的载体。
将如上述所得到的经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝和氧化硼的比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝,接着与Pd化合物(可溶性的Pd化合物,例如硝酸Pd、氯化Pd、硫酸Pd)的溶液混合。这时,可以使三元催化剂中普遍所使用的通常的载体或具有储氧能力(OSC)的CeO2-ZrO2等载体共存。另外,关于这时载体的量和Pd化合物的量的比,设成使焙烧后Pd的负载量以总载体的质量为基准计优选0.5~3质量%、更优选0.7~2质量%。
另外,在制造负载有Pd及Ba的排气净化用催化剂的情况下,将如上述所得到的经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝和氧化硼的比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝与Ba化合物(例如氧化钡、硝酸钡、醋酸钡、草酸钡、氢氧化钡、碳酸钡)及Pd化合物(可溶性的Pd化合物,例如硝酸Pd、氯化Pd、硫酸Pd)的溶液混合。这时,可以使三元催化剂中普遍所使用的通常的载体或具有储氧能力(OSC)的CeO2-ZrO2等载体共存。这时载体的量和Pd化合物的量的比设成如上述,Ba化合物的量换算成BaO量并以Pd金属的质量为基准计,优选设成2~3质量%、更优选设成2~2.5质量%。
然后,于120℃蒸发干燥至固体一晚(约15小时),以使Pd化合物、Ba化合物几乎均匀地附着在载体的表面,接着,在空气中于600℃焙烧3小时,得到在经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝上负载有Pd、或Pd及Ba两者的排气净化用催化剂。
本发明的排气净化用催化剂系统中使用的排气净化用催化剂结构体,例如可通过以下的方法制造。将经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝和氧化硼的比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝、粘合剂、根据需要的具有储氧能力的CeO2-ZrO2等载体及根据需要的Ba化合物与Pd化合物的溶液混合,进行湿式粉碎处理,从而制备淤浆。将所得到的淤浆按照周知的方法在催化剂支撑体上涂布,干燥,焙烧,得到包含催化剂支撑体和负载于该催化剂支撑体上的排气净化用催化剂的下层的排气净化用催化剂结构体。在该催化剂层之上还具有由Rh催化剂层构成的上层的排气净化用催化剂结构体也可以同样地制造。
尚需说明,作为上层,除Rh催化剂层以外,也可以使用Pt-Rh催化剂层、Pd催化剂层等。
在此,本发明中所谓下层,除二层结构的下层以外,在三层以上的多层结构的情况下是指最上层以外的层。因此,在如上所述的例子中,也可以在催化剂支撑体和包含硼酸铝的下层之间设置其他的催化剂层,另外,也可以在包含硼酸铝的下层之上设置多层的催化剂层。
另外,后部的排气净化用催化剂结构体不受特别限定,可以使用一直以来所使用的排气净化用催化剂结构体,例如可举出具有Pd催化剂下层和Rh催化剂上层的催化剂结构体。
以下,基于实施例及比较例对本发明具体地进行说明。
(特定组成的硼酸铝的制造例1)
向浸于50℃的热水浴中的三口烧瓶中加入1.5L2-丙醇、200g用玛瑙研钵粉碎的异丙醇铝及40.9g正丙醇硼(使氧化铝和氧化硼的比为9:2的配合),边用N2气体置换边搅拌。异丙醇铝完全溶解(溶液变得透明)后,将24.6g2-丙醇:水=1:1的混合溶液缓慢滴入,逐渐水解,则生成白色凝胶状物质。将所得到的沉淀物用乙醇洗涤,接着用纯水洗涤,并过滤。然后,于120℃干燥一晚(约15小时),在空气中于300℃焙烧3小时,进而在空气中于1000℃焙烧5小时,得到为白色产物的硼酸铝。通过X射线衍射可以鉴定该硼酸铝是以式10Al2O3·2B2O3表示的硼酸铝。另外,该产物也可以鉴定为式9Al2O3·2B2O3(Al18B4O33)。
图1中示出本制造例1的硼酸铝的X射线衍射的测定结果和式10Al2O3·2B2O3(Al20B4O36)表示的硼酸铝及式9Al2O3·2B2O3(Al18B4O33)表示的硼酸铝的标准的卡片数据(carddata)。
将由上述所得的硼酸铝浸渍在硝酸镧水溶液中。该硝酸镧水溶液中的硝酸镧的量为达成如下条件的量:使为目标的、经La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝中的La2O3的量以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.5质量%。然后,于120℃蒸发干燥至固体一晚(约15小时),在空气中于600℃焙烧3小时,得到经1质量%的La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝。
接着,将由上述所得的经1质量%的La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝浸渍于硝酸Pd水溶液中。该硝酸Pd水溶液中的硝酸Pd的量换算成Pd金属的质量,为经1质量%的La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝的0.4质量%的量。然后,于120℃蒸发干燥至固体一晚(约15小时),在空气中于600℃焙烧3小时,制造排气净化用催化剂。
(特定组成的硼酸铝的制造例2)
向浸于50℃的热水浴中的三口烧瓶中加入1.5L2-丙醇、222.2g用玛瑙研钵粉碎的异丙醇铝及40.9g正丙醇硼(使氧化铝和氧化硼的比为10:2的配合),边用N2气体置换边搅拌。异丙醇铝完全溶解(溶液变得透明)后,将24.6g2-丙醇:水=1:1的混合溶液缓慢滴入,逐渐水解,则生成白色凝胶状物质。将所得到的沉淀物用乙醇洗涤,接着用纯水洗涤,并过滤。然后,于120℃干燥一晚(约15小时),在空气中于300℃焙烧3小时,进而在空气中于1000℃焙烧5小时,得到为白色产物的硼酸铝。通过X射线衍射可以鉴定该硼酸铝是以式10Al2O3·2B2O3表示的硼酸铝。另外,该产物也可以鉴定为式9Al2O3·2B2O3(Al18B4O33)。
该结果确认了:无论氧化铝和氧化硼的比为9:2的配合还是氧化铝和氧化硼的比为10:2的配合,实质上制造了相同的物质。
图2中示出本制造例的硼酸铝的X射线衍射的测定结果和式10Al2O3·2B2O3(Al20B4O36)表示的硼酸铝及式9Al2O3·2B2O3(Al18B4O33)表示的硼酸铝的标准的卡片数据。
(下层中含有硼酸铝的催化剂结构体(以下,催化剂结构体A)的制造)
将45.6质量份经1质量%的La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝、45.6质量份CeO2-ZrO2类复合氧化物、以氧化铝计相当于2.0质量份的量的硝酸铝及6.0质量份氧化铝类粘合剂添加到硝酸Pd水溶液中,施以湿式粉碎处理,从而得到含有Pd的淤浆。该硝酸Pd水溶液中的Pd的量为达到固体成分的1.0质量%的量。将所得到的淤浆以达到100g/L的量涂布于陶瓷蜂窝状物(催化剂支撑体,1L尺寸),进行干燥、焙烧。
另外,将70.3质量份Nd2O3-ZrO2类复合氧化物、23.4质量份La稳定化氧化铝及6.0质量份氧化铝类粘合剂添加到硝酸Rh水溶液中,施以湿式粉碎处理,从而得到含有Rh的淤浆。该硝酸Rh水溶液中的Rh的量为达到固体成分的0.2质量%的量。将所得到的淤浆以达到100g/L的量涂布于陶瓷蜂窝状物,进行干燥、焙烧,从而制造催化剂结构体A。
(下层中不含硼酸铝的催化剂结构体(以下,催化剂结构体B)的制造)
使用同量的La稳定化氧化铝代替经1质量%的La2O3修饰的特定组成的硼酸铝,除此之外与催化剂结构体A的制法同样地制造催化剂结构体B。
实施例1
实际搭载于汽车时,在靠近发动机的部分(前部)和远离发动机而靠近排气口的部分(后部)这2处搭载催化剂。
将对催化剂结构体A施加了用于加速试验的950℃×50小时的热处理(作为前部的耐久处理)而得的催化剂结构体设置于PZEV对应车辆的前部。
将对催化剂结构体B施加了用于加速试验的900℃×50小时的热处理(作为后部的耐久处理)而得的催化剂结构体设置于PZEV对应车辆的后部。
然后,用评价模式LA4对CO、HC和NOx的排出量进行了测定。
比较例1
将对催化剂结构体B施加了用于加速试验的950℃×50小时的热处理(作为前部的耐久处理)而得的催化剂结构体设置于PZEV对应车辆的前部。
将对催化剂结构体A施加了用于加速试验的900℃×50小时的热处理(作为后部的耐久处理)而得的催化剂结构体设置于PZEV对应车辆的后部。
然后,用评价模式LA4对CO、HC和NOx的排出量进行了测定。
比较例2
将对催化剂结构体B施加了用于加速试验的950℃×50小时的热处理(作为前部的耐久处理)而得的催化剂结构体设置于PZEV对应车辆的前部。
将对催化剂结构体B施加了用于加速试验的900℃×50小时的热处理(作为后部的耐久处理)而得的催化剂结构体设置于PZEV对应车辆的后部。
然后,用评价模式LA4对CO、HC和NOx的排出量进行了测定。
实施例及比较例的结果示于图3中。
该结果可知,若在前部的下层含有特定组成的硼酸铝,则在LA4评价模式中CO、HC、NOx的净化特性将特异性地提高。
另一方面,可知即使在后部的下层含有硼酸铝,在LA4评价模式中对于CO、HC也未见效果。
另外,因为La稳定化氧化铝在1000℃附近发生相转移,所以在热方面是稳定的,与之相对,因为硼酸铝在1000℃附近不发生相转移,所以在热方面是稳定的。因此可知,用于暴露于更高温的前部,效果更高。
Claims (7)
1.排气净化用催化剂系统,其为将排气净化催化剂结构体配置于前部和后部的汽车用排气净化系统,其特征在于,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含硼酸铝。
2.权利要求1所述的排气净化用催化剂系统,其特征在于,所述硼酸铝包含氧化铝和氧化硼的摩尔比为10:2~9:2的硼酸铝。
3.权利要求2所述的排气净化用催化剂系统,其特征在于,所述硼酸铝包含经La2O3修饰的硼酸铝,所述La2O3的量以硼酸铝的质量为基准计为0.3~2质量%。
4.权利要求1~3的任意一项所述的排气净化用催化剂系统,其特征在于,所述下层包含:包含所述硼酸铝的载体,和负载于该载体的Pd。
5.权利要求1~3的任意一项所述的排气净化用催化剂系统,其特征在于,所述下层包含:包含所述硼酸铝的载体,和负载于该载体的Pd及Ba。
6.权利要求1~5的任意一项所述的排气净化用催化剂系统,其特征在于,所述催化剂层的上层包含Rh。
7.排气净化方法,其特征在于,通过排气净化系统对汽车的排气进行净化,所述排气净化系统为将排气净化催化剂结构体配置于前部和后部的汽车用排气净化系统,其中,前部的排气净化催化剂结构体的催化剂层的下层包含硼酸铝。
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