CN105165466A - Preparation method for total-degradation layer-structured rice seedling-growing tray - Google Patents

Preparation method for total-degradation layer-structured rice seedling-growing tray Download PDF

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CN105165466A
CN105165466A CN201510727426.1A CN201510727426A CN105165466A CN 105165466 A CN105165466 A CN 105165466A CN 201510727426 A CN201510727426 A CN 201510727426A CN 105165466 A CN105165466 A CN 105165466A
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seedling
rice
preparation
major ingredient
growing
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CN105165466B (en
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姚嘉
卢伟
刘向东
邵东伟
董雪
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Jiamusi University
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Jiamusi University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/60Apparatus for preparing growth substrates or culture media
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

A Preparation method for total-degradation layer-structured rice seedling-growing tray relates to the preparation method for the rice seedling-growing tray. The preparation method settles the following problems in existing rice seedling growing: degrading incapability of plastic seedling-growing tray, low moldability of a degradable seedling-growing matrix, requirement for matched use of the seedling-growing tray, and incapability of realizing soilless cultivation. The preparation method of the invention comprises seven steps: a first step, preparing rice straw biological carbon; a second step, performing nitriding modification processing on the rice straw biological carbon; a third step, processing compost; a fourth step, preparing a seedling growing main material; a fifth step, performing acid treatment and drying treatment; a sixth step, performing laying operation by means of a seedling-growing tray mold; and a seventh step, laying a lower-layer fiber felt, the seedling growing main material and an upper-layer fiber felt. According to the preparation method, the waste material of a crop is sufficiently utilized, and total degradation of a rice seedling growing matrix is realized. The seedling growing matrix which is prepared according to the invention can improve the condition of a farmland soil year by year. The preparation method is used for preparing the total-degradation rice seedling-growing tray.

Description

A kind of preparation method of degradable layer structure rice seedling nursing disc
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of rice seedling nursing disc, belong to raising rice seedlings field.
Background technology
At present in raising rice seedlings, there is multiple degradable matrix and seedling-cultivation plate form, seedling raising ground substance, due to insufficient formability, therefore, needs the use of complete container, adds the intensity of seedling operation.And the rice seedling nursing disc applied at present is main mainly with polypots body floppy disk.Although cost is lower, recycling difficulty, the feature that plastics a century is not degraded poses a big pressure to environment.In addition, although paper substrate seedling dish can realize degradable but still need the compounding application of seedbed soil, soilless culture truly can not be realized.Meanwhile, stalk surplus resources Utilizing question becomes problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of degradable layer structure rice seedling nursing disc, to solve in existing raising rice seedlings, plastics seedling is taken inventory cannot degradation problem; Degradable seedling cultivation matrix-forming is poor, needs and the matching used problem of seedling dish; Paper substrate seedling dish can not realize the problem of real soilless culture.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme taked to be:
A preparation method for degradable layer structure rice seedling nursing disc, specifically carries out according to following steps:
Step one: preparation paddy rice bar charcoal: adopt dried rice straw, use Muffle furnace equipment, after being heated to 500 DEG C, under limited oxygen condition, put into rice straw to continue insulation and obtain paddy rice bar charcoal after 1 hour, in paddy rice bar charcoal, the specific surface area of charcoal can reach 350m 2/ g, PH are 9.0;
Step 2: the nitrogenize modification of paddy rice bar charcoal: be that to be fully dissolved in mass fraction be form ammonium nitrate solution in the distilled water of 100 parts for the ammonium nitrate of 35 parts by mass fraction, from paddy rice bar charcoal prepared by step one, take out mass fraction is that the paddy rice bar charcoal of 65 parts adds in ammonium nitrate solution, limit edged stirs 30 minutes, static placement is taken out charcoal after 10 hours and is dried under 60 DEG C of conditions, obtains nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal;
Step 3: compost treatment: first agaric fungus chaff is pulverized, then mix bacterium agent and agaric fungus chaff are pressed the volume ratio mixing of 1:20 ~ 40, wherein mix bacterium agent is by low temperature actinomycetes, middle temperature actinomycetes, thermophilic actinomycete and saccharomycete mix by the volume ratio of 20:20:20:40, again by the stirring that adds water in the mixture of mix bacterium agent and agaric fungus chaff, ensure that moisture content is under 50% ~ 60% condition, lid plastic film heat and moisture preserving, within every two days, stir once, operation like this is after 5 ~ 7 days, when agaric fungus chaff color becomes dark brown, i.e. agaric fungus chaff compost success, ensure that moisture content is lower than 20% after the process of compost part drying,
Step 4: preparation seedling major ingredient: take nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal prepared by step 2 successively by ratio of quality and the number of copies, rice straw paper pulp and seedling strengthen agent that agaric fungus chaff compost prepared by step 3, moisture content are less than 20%, wherein, nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal 30 ~ 40 parts, 30 ~ 40 parts, agaric fungus chaff compost, rice straw paper pulp 30 ~ 50 parts, seedling strengthen agent 0.5 ~ 1 part, above raw material agitator 30 minutes, mixes rear formation seedling major ingredient for subsequent use;
Step 5: acid adjustment process processes with dry: prepare regulating acid agent in the ratio of the dilute sulfuric acid 15kg adding 15% in 50kg raw material, seedling major ingredient step 4 prepared carries out acid adjustment process, limit adjusts frontier inspection to survey pH value, till by the acidity adjustment to 5.0 of seedling major ingredient; Again drying process is carried out to seedling major ingredient, ensure that total moisture content of seedling major ingredient is 15 ~ 20%;
Step 6: utilize sprout-tray model tool to carry out laying work: cut out the size top fiber felt corresponding with sprout-tray model tool size and lowermost fibre felt in monkey grass felt respectively, when sprout-tray model tool is of a size of the cuboid of 450 × 340 × 25mm, the length of top fiber felt and width are corresponding with the length of this sprout-tray model tool and width respectively, the original depth of top fiber felt is 7mm, lowermost fibre felt and top fiber felt measure-alike;
Step 7: lowermost fibre felt, the laying work of seedling major ingredient and top fiber felt: first lowermost fibre felt is laid in sprout-tray model tool, secondly the seedling major ingredient uniform spreading after acid adjustment process in step 5 is located on lowermost fibre felt, laying depth is 20 ± 0.1mm, then top fiber felt is laid on seedling major ingredient, by hot press, dehumidification treatments is carried out to the sprout-tray model tool with seedling major ingredient, the work of extrusion forming, the pressure of hot press is 10 MPas, heating-up temperature is 120 DEG C, heating pressing time is 30min, the stratiform rice seedling nursing disc that 25mm is thick is made after hot press process, finally demould.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1, the present invention is a kind of soilless culture method, realizes again recycling agricultural waste material simultaneously.The present invention adopts lowermost fibre felt, seedling major ingredient and top fiber felt to be laid on the degradable rice seedling nursing disc forming layer structure in sprout-tray model tool one by one, the raw-material application of degradable fundamentally solves the difficult problem that existing rice seedling nursing disc cannot be degraded, seedling major ingredient can realize degradable then, and lowermost fibre felt and top fiber felt need 2 years degradables.Charcoal, compost, paper pulp and upper and lower layer fibrofelt also can improve the ecotope of soil in field, change the unit weight of soil, and can carbon fixation and emission reduction.Simultaneously of the present invention cheap for manufacturing cost, save later stage process in plastics expense, effectively save the use cost of rice seedling nursing disc.
2, nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal, agaric fungus chaff compost and rice straw paper pulp are the re-using of discarded biomass resource.Be of value to stalk fermentation flora by multiclass and carry out symbiotic fermentation technology, microorganism after fermentation forms symbiosis flora to rice seedling growth, and harmful substance in soil can be decomposed, improvement soil structure, effectively solves the problem causing soil compaction in existing raising rice seedlings because using chemical fertilizer in a large number.Nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal, agaric fungus chaff compost and rice straw paper pulp are broken down into easily by the fertilizer of rice absorbing and humus, increase soil fertility, strengthen crop disease-resistant ability.
3, the composition Wholly-degradable of the seedling major ingredient of rice seedling nursing disc, and achieve the recycling of crops surplus resources, effectively alleviates environment and soil pollution that crop straw burning brings, realizes the beneficial effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction protection of the environment.In seedling major ingredient, the interpolation of rice straw paper pulp achieves the adhesive effect in rice seedling nursing disc between various component, agaric fungus chaff compost has been rich in the various nutritive elements that rice shoot is grown up, in addition, rice seedling nursing disc prepared by the present invention carries the charcoal of part, when rice shoot is planted with rice shoot also field, the also field of charcoal can improvement paddy soil environment progressively and ecotope, is conducive to the sustainable cycle development of agricultural.
4, the layer structure degradable seedling-cultivation plate prepared by the present invention is convenient, fast, and effectively solve a difficult problem for the shaping of seedling-cultivation plate and transport, in degradable seedling-cultivation plate, upper and lower layer fibrofelt not only serves shaping effect; Simultaneously degrade seedling-cultivation plate at the middle and upper levels fibrofelt play the effective covering to kind of grain, lowermost fibre felt effectively can drag again and cover rice seedlings root system, the moisturizing air permeable effect had.
5, wide market of the present invention, is suitable for popularity application.
Embodiment:
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises any combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: a kind of preparation method of degradable layer structure rice seedling nursing disc in present embodiment, specifically carry out according to following steps:
Step one: preparation paddy rice bar charcoal: adopt dried rice straw, use Muffle furnace equipment, after being heated to 500 DEG C, under limited oxygen condition, put into rice straw to continue insulation and obtain paddy rice bar charcoal after 1 hour, in paddy rice bar charcoal, the specific surface area of charcoal can reach 350m 2/ g, PH are 9.0;
In this step, dried rice straw is put into Muffle furnace equipment and be heated to 500 DEG C, this temperature is the rice straw optimization carbonizing temperature that pyrolysis obtains at 300-600 DEG C.In this step by straw for charcoal and to carry out also field be one of new way of effectively utilizing of current crop genetic resource;
Step 2: the nitrogenize modification of paddy rice bar charcoal: be that to be fully dissolved in mass fraction be form ammonium nitrate solution in the distilled water of 100 parts for the ammonium nitrate of 35 parts by mass fraction, from paddy rice bar charcoal prepared by step one, take out mass fraction is that the paddy rice bar charcoal of 65 parts adds in ammonium nitrate solution, limit edged stirs 30 minutes, static placement is taken out charcoal after 10 hours and is dried under 60 DEG C of conditions, obtains nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal; Nitrogen needed for rice seedling vegetative period is more, and therefore, this step has carried out the nitrogen treatment of charcoal part;
Step 3: compost treatment: first agaric fungus chaff is pulverized, then mix bacterium agent and agaric fungus chaff are pressed the volume ratio mixing of 1:20 ~ 40, wherein mix bacterium agent is by low temperature actinomycetes, middle temperature actinomycetes, thermophilic actinomycete and saccharomycete mix by the volume ratio of 20:20:20:40, again by the stirring that adds water in the mixture of mix bacterium agent and agaric fungus chaff, ensure that moisture content is under 50% ~ 60% condition, lid plastic film heat and moisture preserving, within every two days, stir once, operation like this is after 5 ~ 7 days, when agaric fungus chaff color becomes dark brown, i.e. agaric fungus chaff compost success, ensure that moisture content is lower than 20% after the process of compost part drying, raw material after compost success also can be reserved a part as masterbatch by this step, proceeds the compost treatment of agaric fungus chaff, low temperature actinomycetes, middle temperature actinomycetes and thermophilic actinomycete are existing bacterial classification,
Step 4: preparation seedling major ingredient: take nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal prepared by step 2 successively by ratio of quality and the number of copies, rice straw paper pulp and seedling strengthen agent that agaric fungus chaff compost prepared by step 3, moisture content are less than 20%, wherein, nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal 30 ~ 40 parts, 30 ~ 40 parts, agaric fungus chaff compost, rice straw paper pulp 30 ~ 50 parts, seedling strengthen agent 0.5 ~ 1 part, above raw material agitator 30 minutes, mixes rear formation seedling major ingredient for subsequent use; In this step when the mass fraction of rice straw paper pulp is chosen at 40 ~ 50 parts, the adhesive effect of rice straw paper pulp is best, and seedling strengthen agent is commercially available seedling strengthen agent;
Step 5: acid adjustment process processes with dry: prepare regulating acid agent in the ratio of the dilute sulfuric acid 15kg adding 15% in 50kg raw material, seedling major ingredient step 4 prepared carries out acid adjustment process, limit adjusts frontier inspection to survey pH value, till by the acidity adjustment to 5.0 of seedling major ingredient; Again drying process is carried out to seedling major ingredient, ensure that total moisture content of seedling major ingredient is 15 ~ 20%;
Step 6: utilize sprout-tray model tool to carry out laying work: cut out the size top fiber felt corresponding with sprout-tray model tool size and lowermost fibre felt in monkey grass felt respectively, when sprout-tray model tool is of a size of the cuboid of 450 × 340 × 25mm, the length of top fiber felt and width are corresponding with the length of this sprout-tray model tool and width respectively, the original depth of top fiber felt is 7mm, lowermost fibre felt and top fiber felt measure-alike; The homemade cuboid of sprout-tray model tool in this step.Size is determined according to specific needs;
Step 7: lowermost fibre felt, the laying work of seedling major ingredient and top fiber felt: first lowermost fibre felt is laid in sprout-tray model tool, secondly the seedling major ingredient uniform spreading after acid adjustment process in step 5 is located on lowermost fibre felt, laying depth is 20 ± 0.1mm, then top fiber felt is laid on seedling major ingredient, by hot press, dehumidification treatments is carried out to the sprout-tray model tool with seedling major ingredient, the work of extrusion forming, the pressure of hot press is 10 MPas, heating-up temperature is 120 DEG C, heating pressing time is 30min, the stratiform rice seedling nursing disc that 25mm is thick is made after hot press process, finally demould.
In the present invention, lowermost fibre felt and top fiber felt mainly play shaping effect and are convenient to the demoulding, top fiber felt can play good covering effect to rice paddy seed simultaneously, intermediate layer is can the seedling main body of degradable, mid layer section has carried out acid adjustment process, include charcoal and bacterium chaff compost part, the shaping bonding effect by former and rice straw paper pulp in intermediate layer realizes.Lowermost fibre felt and top fiber felt are the cutting of monkey grass felt and obtain, and monkey grass felt is that a kind of vegetable fiber makes material, are easy to degraded.
Following examples are adopted to verify beneficial effect of the present invention:
Embodiment one: adopt three kinds of formulas, carried out seedling cultivation experiment with imperial rice No. 16, often coils seeding quantity 80g/ dish, about 3800 seeds, same formula sowing three dish.Contrast sample: plastic floppy disk+seedling soil and the seedling of seedling soil.Wherein:
Formula 1: nitrogenize charcoal 35 parts, 35 parts, agaric fungus chaff compost, paper pulp 30 parts, seedling strengthen agent 0.5 part;
Formula 2: nitrogenize charcoal 30 parts, 40 parts, agaric fungus chaff compost, paper pulp 30 parts, seedling strengthen agent 0.5 part;
Formula 3: nitrogenize charcoal 30 parts, 30 parts, agaric fungus chaff compost, paper pulp 40 parts, seedling strengthen agent 0.5 part;
Experimental result between formula 1, formula 2, formula 3, plastic floppy disk+seedling soil and seedling are native is as shown in the table:
Contrast known with plastic floppy disk seedling respectively by formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3 in upper table, the indices of the rice shoot that the degradable rice seedling nursing disc utilizing the present invention to prepare is turned out is apparently higher than the rice shoot of plastic floppy disk seedling, namely degradable rice seedling nursing disc is advantageously in the growth of rice shoot, and it is obvious, more sufficient to the supply of rice shoot nutrition to the improvement of soil property.The degradable rice seedling nursing disc prepared of the present invention is easy to degraded simultaneously, environmentally safe.In like manner, it is also like this that formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3 contrast with seedling soil respectively, and the indices of the rice shoot that degradable rice seedling nursing disc prepared by the present invention is turned out is apparently higher than the native rice shoot cultivated of seedling.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is the further restriction of embodiment one, and the felt of top fiber described in present embodiment is identical with lowermost fibre felt structure, the original depth of described top fiber felt is 7mm, and mass area ratio is 0.25kg/m 2.The top fiber felt of structure like this and gas permeability the best of lowermost fibre felt.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is the further restriction of embodiment one or two, the stirring in present embodiment in step 2 is manual or electronic uniform stirring.

Claims (3)

1. a preparation method for degradable layer structure rice seedling nursing disc, is characterized in that: specifically carry out according to following steps:
Step one: preparation paddy rice bar charcoal: adopt dried rice straw, use Muffle furnace equipment, after being heated to 500 DEG C, under limited oxygen condition, put into rice straw to continue insulation and obtain paddy rice bar charcoal after 1 hour, in paddy rice bar charcoal, the specific surface area of charcoal can reach 350m 2/ g, PH are 9.0;
Step 2: the nitrogenize modification of paddy rice bar charcoal: be that to be fully dissolved in mass fraction be form ammonium nitrate solution in the distilled water of 100 parts for the ammonium nitrate of 35 parts by mass fraction, from paddy rice bar charcoal prepared by step one, take out mass fraction is that the paddy rice bar charcoal of 65 parts adds in ammonium nitrate solution, limit edged stirs 30 minutes, static placement is taken out charcoal after 10 hours and is dried under 60 DEG C of conditions, obtains nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal;
Step 3: compost treatment: first agaric fungus chaff is pulverized, then mix bacterium agent and agaric fungus chaff are pressed the volume ratio mixing of 1:20 ~ 40, wherein mix bacterium agent is by low temperature actinomycetes, middle temperature actinomycetes, thermophilic actinomycete and saccharomycete mix by the volume ratio of 20:20:20:40, again by the stirring that adds water in the mixture of mix bacterium agent and agaric fungus chaff, ensure that moisture content is under 50% ~ 60% condition, lid plastic film heat and moisture preserving, within every two days, stir once, operation like this is after 5 ~ 7 days, when agaric fungus chaff color becomes dark brown, i.e. agaric fungus chaff compost success, ensure that moisture content is lower than 20% after the process of compost part drying,
Step 4: preparation seedling major ingredient: take nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal prepared by step 2 successively by ratio of quality and the number of copies, rice straw paper pulp and seedling strengthen agent that agaric fungus chaff compost prepared by step 3, moisture content are less than 20%, wherein, nitrogenize paddy rice bar charcoal 30 ~ 40 parts, 30 ~ 40 parts, agaric fungus chaff compost, rice straw paper pulp 30 ~ 50 parts, seedling strengthen agent 0.5 ~ 1 part, above raw material agitator 30 minutes, mixes rear formation seedling major ingredient for subsequent use;
Step 5: acid adjustment process processes with dry: prepare regulating acid agent in the ratio of the dilute sulfuric acid 15kg adding 15% in 50kg raw material, seedling major ingredient step 4 prepared carries out acid adjustment process, limit adjusts frontier inspection to survey pH value, till by the acidity adjustment to 5.0 of seedling major ingredient; Again drying process is carried out to seedling major ingredient, ensure that total moisture content of seedling major ingredient is 15 ~ 20%;
Step 6: utilize sprout-tray model tool to carry out laying work: cut out the size top fiber felt corresponding with sprout-tray model tool size and lowermost fibre felt in monkey grass felt respectively, when sprout-tray model tool is of a size of the cuboid of 450 × 340 × 25mm, the length of top fiber felt and width are corresponding with the length of this sprout-tray model tool and width respectively, the original depth of top fiber felt is 7mm, lowermost fibre felt and top fiber felt measure-alike;
Step 7: lowermost fibre felt, the laying work of seedling major ingredient and top fiber felt: first lowermost fibre felt is laid in sprout-tray model tool, secondly the seedling major ingredient uniform spreading after acid adjustment process in step 5 is located on lowermost fibre felt, laying depth is 20 ± 0.1mm, then top fiber felt is laid on seedling major ingredient, by hot press, dehumidification treatments is carried out to the sprout-tray model tool with seedling major ingredient, the work of extrusion forming, the pressure of hot press is 10 MPas, heating-up temperature is 120 DEG C, heating pressing time is 30min, the stratiform rice seedling nursing disc that 25mm is thick is made after hot press process, finally demould.
2. the preparation method of a kind of degradable layer structure rice seedling nursing disc according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described top fiber felt is identical with lowermost fibre felt structure, and the original depth of described top fiber felt is 7mm, and mass area ratio is 0.25kg/m 2.
3. the preparation method of a kind of degradable layer structure rice seedling nursing disc according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the stirring in step 2 is manual or electronic uniform stirring.
CN201510727426.1A 2015-10-30 2015-10-30 A kind of preparation method of degradable layer structure rice seedling nursing disc Expired - Fee Related CN105165466B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106465655A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-01 刘越 A kind of method of the board-like straw biological seedling raising ground substance of dry process
CN106489694A (en) * 2016-10-28 2017-03-15 黑龙江稻乐农业科技有限公司 A kind of Oryza sativa L. soilless breeding seeding Auricularia bacteria residue matrix substrate and preparation method
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CN106542909A (en) * 2016-11-22 2017-03-29 刘越 Full nutrition rice seedling raising ground substance of three-layer composite board formula and preparation method thereof
CN107258307A (en) * 2017-08-02 2017-10-20 合肥元政农林生态科技有限公司 It is a kind of to improve the implantation methods of rocket salad nutritional quality
CN108849069A (en) * 2017-08-24 2018-11-23 吉林省农业科学院 A kind of processing method of the disease-resistant multielement net formula plastic rice seedling-raising disk of stalk
CN107593369A (en) * 2017-11-02 2018-01-19 吉林禾动力生物科技有限公司 A kind of biodegradable seedling-cultivation plate and preparation method thereof
CN109266519A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-01-25 嘉兴学院 The molding process units of wood fibre Rapid Fermentation and its production technology
CN111937634A (en) * 2020-07-17 2020-11-17 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 Preparation method of seedling raising tray with edible fungus residues as seedling raising matrix

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