CN1051495C - 带套装螺旋件的螺旋式运输机 - Google Patents

带套装螺旋件的螺旋式运输机 Download PDF

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CN1051495C
CN1051495C CN95193677A CN95193677A CN1051495C CN 1051495 C CN1051495 C CN 1051495C CN 95193677 A CN95193677 A CN 95193677A CN 95193677 A CN95193677 A CN 95193677A CN 1051495 C CN1051495 C CN 1051495C
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worm
expansion
helical
axle
helical member
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CN1151133A (zh
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格哈德·魏里希
沃尔夫冈·沃泽
莱因哈德·武特克
赖纳·绍特
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Werner and Pfleiderer GmbH
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Werner and Pfleiderer GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/06—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
    • B01F27/071—Fixing of the stirrer to the shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/256—Exchangeable extruder parts
    • B29C48/2564—Screw parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D2001/103—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially the torque is transmitted via splined connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7018—Interfitted members including separably interposed key
    • Y10T403/7021—Axially extending
    • Y10T403/7024—Longitudinally stepped or tapered

Abstract

本发明涉及一种螺旋式运输机，其中在可驱动的轴上以任意顺序设置螺旋件。为了降低断裂危险，本发明提出了淬硬旋件(3)，纵向凹口(5)(螺旋件中的槽)的侧壁(51)在端侧(31)的方向呈V形扩展。该扩展的侧壁面(51’)形成双曲面并根据应用情况精确计算。

Description

带套装螺旋件的螺旋式运输机
本发明涉及一种用于材料，特别是塑料加工的螺旋式运输机，具有至少一个设置于一外壳中的可驱动轴，其上可以任意顺序套装耐磨螺旋件。
螺旋挤压机中的蜗杆轴在现有技术中根据标准构件法而制造。用于不同功能例如运输，塑化混合和剪切、匀化、脱气以及升压的螺旋和混合件以可自由选择的顺序排列在一根轴上。形状配合的连接可确保防止螺旋件转动并可将驱动轴的扭矩传递给螺旋件。
不同的加工任务要求与之相适应的材料，例如耐磨材料，耐蚀材料或两者的结合。根据各种轴/轮毂连接系统(楔形键、6楔子、多楔子或渐开线键槽，例如DE-OS15 02 337)，在切口或凹槽处产生应力集中。特别是对于由耐磨材料(工具钢、冷轧钢、高速钢)制成的淬透件这种应力集中可导致零件断裂，这将在螺旋挤压机中引起严重的后继损坏。
从DE 42 06 219A1已知，为了提高轴的负荷能力，用弹性楔子作为轴和螺旋件之间的扭矩传递件。
除此之外，这种措施只可用于作为扭矩传递件的楔子键和作为纵向开口的槽的安装(不能用于多楔子，渐开线键槽等)，用这种措施并不能降低在螺旋件上所发生的最大应力值(轮毂边缘应力)，这样楔子键的变形总是完全发生在纵向。
为了减小断裂危险，在实践中大多采用螺旋件，它由复合材料制成，而复合材料当延性核材料组成，其中引入连接系统的外形，并且一种外壳材料具有耐磨和耐蚀性。用于该复合材料的典型的制造方法为熔融冶金方法制造的铸造材料，钎焊复合材料或热均衡生产的PM复合材料。
这种复合材料的制造成本非常昂贵并且用于一个磨损部分也不太经济。
本发明的目的是这样形成螺旋式运输机的轴与可套装的螺旋轴之间的连接，即明显减小传递扭矩时特别是通过由淬透材料构成的螺旋件传递扭矩时的断裂危险。
为实现上述发明目的，根据本发明提供用于材料加工处理的螺旋式运输机，具有至少一个设置在一外壳中的可驱动的轴，其上可以任意顺序形状适宜地安装螺旋件，螺旋件中至少设有一个用于容放扭矩传递件的纵向凹口，其特征在于，纵向凹口的侧壁沿端面的方向上分别呈V形扩展，其中，该扩展的侧壁表面形成双曲线立体面。由于传递扭矩时轴的变形由槽的侧壁的V形扩展部分而分布在一相对长的接触表面上，所以可避免传递扭矩时螺旋件端侧(轮毂边缘)上的点状负载。根据本发明另一种结构给出了对于每一种轴径的最优化连接，按照轴扭矩使轴产生的变形，由下述条件确定侧壁(51)的V形扩展部分X≤0.02D，Y≤L/2或Y≤D，其中，D＝各轴(1)的直径，L＝各螺旋件(3)的长度，X＝各扩展部分在端面(31)上沿径向的尺寸，Y＝扩展部分的各轴向延伸的尺寸。根据这种条件可针对每一种应用情形获得最佳的平面扩展部分。
本发明特别适用于由淬透金属或非金属材料构成并很容易断裂的螺旋件。
下面参照附图描述本发明的一个实施例，即可得知本发明的其它优点，附图中：
图1为等速旋转的双螺旋式运输机的外壳的截面图；
图2为沿图1中线II-II的截面图；
图3为螺旋件的正视图；
图4为沿图3中线A-B的截面图；
图5为螺旋件的侧视图；
图6为沿图5中线C-D的截面图。
在螺旋运输机的外壳2中没有用于容放与带螺旋件3的轴1，1′的双联式通孔21。轴1，1′由图中未示出的电机和传动齿轮驱动而同向转动。
在图中还示出用作扭矩传递件的楔子键4和螺旋件3中的用作纵向凹槽的槽5。当然，在图中所示的轴/轮毂连接处还可设置其它的用于螺旋件的已知连接件，如6个楔子，多个楔子，带如本发明的V形扩大部分的凹槽和/或渐开线键槽。
螺旋件3-3″″(混合、螺旋、运输、升压件等)根据所处理的材料在轴1，1′上以可选择的顺序拉开。
标号22为进料口，24为排气口，而23为螺旋式输送机的出料口。为了降低边缘应力，槽5的侧壁51到端面呈V形扩展(图4)。扩展的侧壁表面51′形成双曲面，并且根据轴1，1′的直径，及其在每一种应用情况下由于轴的扭矩而产生的变形来重新计算。
其轴向范围为Y≤L/2或Y≤D，而径向范围X≤0.02D。
本发明最好用于仅由淬硬材料构成并且在应力作用下易断裂的耐磨螺旋件。这种材料可为硬的或可硬化的金属材料或硬的非金属材料，例如，陶瓷，锆氧化物，氧化铝或类似的材料。本发明的脆性螺旋件相对于现有技术中的轴/轮毂连接处其断裂危险下降了50％。

Claims (3)

1.用于材料加工处理的螺旋式运输机，具有至少一个设置在一外壳中的可驱动的轴，其上可以任意顺序形状适宜地安装螺旋件，螺旋件中至少设有一个用于容放扭矩传递件的纵向凹口，其特征在于，纵向凹口(5)的侧壁(51)沿端面(31)的方向上分别呈V形扩展，其中，该扩展的侧壁表面(51′)形成双曲线立体面。
2.根据权利要求1的螺旋式运输机，其特征在于，按照轴扭矩使轴产生的变形，由下述条件确定侧壁(51)的V形扩展部分
X≤0.02D
Y≤L/2或Y≤D
其中，
D＝各轴(1)的直径
L＝各螺旋件(3)的长度
X＝各扩展部分在端面(31)上沿径向的尺寸
Y＝扩展部分的各轴向延伸的尺寸。
3.根据权利要求1或2的螺旋式运输机，其特征在于，在本发明中应用仅由淬硬金属或非金属材料构成的耐磨螺旋件(3)。
CN95193677A 1994-06-20 1995-06-03 带套装螺旋件的螺旋式运输机 Expired - Fee Related CN1051495C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4421514.2 1994-06-20
DE4421514A DE4421514C2 (de) 1994-06-20 1994-06-20 Schneckenmaschine mit aufsteckbaren Schneckensatzelementen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1151133A CN1151133A (zh) 1997-06-04
CN1051495C true CN1051495C (zh) 2000-04-19

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Country Link
US (1) US5797677A (zh)
EP (1) EP0766615B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH10501476A (zh)
KR (1) KR970703845A (zh)
CN (1) CN1051495C (zh)
DE (1) DE4421514C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1995035195A1 (zh)

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DE102011112148B4 (de) * 2011-09-01 2015-12-24 Kraussmaffei Berstorff Gmbh Extruder und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Extruders
ES2719324T3 (es) 2013-05-21 2019-07-09 Coperion Gmbh Máquina de tornillo helicoidal de múltiples árboles para el tratamiento de materiales, en particular materiales plásticos
JP6639798B2 (ja) 2014-05-08 2020-02-05 東芝機械株式会社 押出機用スクリュ並びに押出機および押出方法
JP6639799B2 (ja) * 2014-05-08 2020-02-05 東芝機械株式会社 混練装置および混練方法
JP6639800B2 (ja) 2014-05-08 2020-02-05 東芝機械株式会社 押出機用スクリュ並びに押出機および押出方法
DE102015005790A1 (de) * 2015-05-10 2016-11-10 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik Schnecke zum Einsatz in einem Extruder, Verfahren zum Umrüsten einer Schnecke und Extruder
CN112584921A (zh) * 2018-08-30 2021-03-30 京瓷株式会社 旋转构件、混炼机用构件及使用该混炼机用构件的混炼机、轴承及使用该轴承的轴承单元

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4421514A1 (de) 1995-12-21
KR970703845A (ko) 1997-08-09
WO1995035195A1 (de) 1995-12-28
US5797677A (en) 1998-08-25
DE4421514C2 (de) 1998-08-13
EP0766615A1 (de) 1997-04-09
EP0766615B1 (de) 1998-08-19
CN1151133A (zh) 1997-06-04
JPH10501476A (ja) 1998-02-10

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