CN1051315C - 紫杉烷衍生物的膦酰氧甲醚 - Google Patents
紫杉烷衍生物的膦酰氧甲醚 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1051315C CN1051315C CN94109468A CN94109468A CN1051315C CN 1051315 C CN1051315 C CN 1051315C CN 94109468 A CN94109468 A CN 94109468A CN 94109468 A CN94109468 A CN 94109468A CN 1051315 C CN1051315 C CN 1051315C
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- Prior art keywords
- taxol
- compound
- hydroxyl
- och
- solution
- Prior art date
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- DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N taxane Chemical class C([C@]1(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C1)C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]1C2(C)C DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 31
- VBKBIDUVUIYPEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonooxymethoxymethyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OCOCOP(O)(O)=O VBKBIDUVUIYPEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 263
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 claims description 270
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 claims description 259
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 205
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 claims description 173
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 123
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 51
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- FPENSXCWDDOFJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxidodioxidophosphorus(.) Chemical group [O]P(O)(O)=O FPENSXCWDDOFJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004890 (C1-C6) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 397
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 366
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 233
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 152
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 140
- -1 ethanoyl Taxotere Chemical compound 0.000 description 133
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 132
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 128
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 120
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 119
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 107
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 97
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 95
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 83
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 83
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 77
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 76
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 76
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 71
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 69
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 61
- LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-iodosuccinimide Chemical compound IN1C(=O)CCC1=O LQZMLBORDGWNPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl alcohol Substances OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 56
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 45
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 42
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- OVMSOCFBDVBLFW-VHLOTGQHSA-N 5beta,20-epoxy-1,7beta,13alpha-trihydroxy-9-oxotax-11-ene-2alpha,4alpha,10beta-triyl 4,10-diacetate 2-benzoate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@H](O)C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OVMSOCFBDVBLFW-VHLOTGQHSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 35
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 31
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 229960003328 benzoyl peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 30
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 28
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 26
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000004992 fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 24
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 22
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 21
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 21
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 20
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 18
- HDFFVHSMHLDSLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibenzyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COP(=O)(O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 HDFFVHSMHLDSLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 238000010265 fast atom bombardment Methods 0.000 description 18
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 18
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 17
- WSDQIHATCCOMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC(NC(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 WSDQIHATCCOMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- MNFORVFSTILPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidin-2-one Chemical class O=C1CCN1 MNFORVFSTILPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N acetone d6 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 14
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229940063683 taxotere Drugs 0.000 description 13
- ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N N-debenzoyl-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-10-deacetyltaxol Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H]2[C@@](C([C@H](O)C3=C(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=4C=CC=CC=4)C[C@]1(O)C3(C)C)=O)(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1OC[C@]12OC(=O)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZDZOTLJHXYCWBA-VCVYQWHSSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 12
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 12
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 12
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- DCFKHNIGBAHNSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethyl)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](Cl)(CC)CC DCFKHNIGBAHNSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 9
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- LDDMACCNBZAMSG-BDVNFPICSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-(methylamino)hexanal Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO LDDMACCNBZAMSG-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000004579 taxol derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- FUJSJWRORKKPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl FUJSJWRORKKPAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 6
- XUYPXLNMDZIRQH-LURJTMIESA-N N-acetyl-L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(C)=O XUYPXLNMDZIRQH-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 6
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 5
- 125000000066 S-methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S* 0.000 description 5
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930014667 baccatin III Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloroformate Chemical compound ClC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- FDLDWKIEWAWOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;2-methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C.CCOC(C)=O FDLDWKIEWAWOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 5
- PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([S-])(=O)=O PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 5
- TZGODTCAKVHMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylmethoxymethanethiol Chemical compound SCOCS TZGODTCAKVHMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BMFMQGXDDJALKQ-BYPYZUCNSA-N Argininic acid Chemical class NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](O)C(O)=O BMFMQGXDDJALKQ-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical compound [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QZJMONDPQWPMGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;azane Chemical compound [Li+].N QZJMONDPQWPMGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000394 mitotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACYBVNYNIZTUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-benzylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 ACYBVNYNIZTUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEUMNQFVAMSSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-1-phenylmethanamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C[NH2+]CC1=CC=CC=C1 QEUMNQFVAMSSNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006606 n-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XUZLXCQFXTZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro(phenyl)methanol Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XUZLXCQFXTZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006502 nitrobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QUANRIQJNFHVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound C1CO1.OCC(O)CO QUANRIQJNFHVEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethyl Chemical compound O=[CH] CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008389 polyethoxylated castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099429 polyoxyl 40 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004237 preparative chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001915 proofreading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OVARTBFNCCXQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-one;hydrate Chemical compound O.CC(C)=O OVARTBFNCCXQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVRIRQXJSNCSPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(Cl)=O IVRIRQXJSNCSPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012207 quantitative assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium disulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-][S-] SRRKNRDXURUMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005477 standard model Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N teniposide Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC=4OCOC=4C=C3[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@@H](OC[C@H]4O3)C=3SC=CC=3)O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C(OC3)=O)=C1 NRUKOCRGYNPUPR-QBPJDGROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001278 teniposide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical class CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YGNGABUJMXJPIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiatriazole Chemical compound C1=NN=NS1 YGNGABUJMXJPIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003587 threonine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000048 toxicity data Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000273 veterinary drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
- C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D407/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗肿瘤化合物,具体地讲,本发明提供了新颖的紫杉烷衍生物,它的药物组合物和作为抗肿瘤药物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及抗肿瘤化合物。具体地讲,本发明提供了新颖的紫杉烷衍生物,它的药物组合物,以及作为抗肿瘤药物的应用。
紫杉醇(TaxolR,paclitaxel)是从太平洋紫杉树(Pacific yewtrees,Taxus brevifolia)的树皮中提取出来的天然产物。它在动物体内模型中显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性,并且在近期的研究中发现了它特有的作用方式,即,包括异常性的微管蛋白的聚合和破坏有丝分裂。最近它已被批准用于治疗卵巢癌;并且,涉及乳腺癌,结肠癌和肺癌的研究已取得肯定性的结果。紫杉醇临床研究的结果见Rowinsky和Donehower的综述“The clinical Pharmacology andUse of Antimicrotubule Agents in Cancer Chemotherapeutics”Phar-mac Ther.,52:35-84,1991。
最近,一个紫杉醇的半合成类似物TaxotereR被发现在动物模型中具有优良的抗肿瘤活性。在欧洲和美国,TaxotereR正在进行临床试验。紫杉醇和TaxotereR的结构式如下所示;采用常规的紫杉醇分子的位次编排系统。TaxolR(紫杉醇) R=Ph;R’=乙酰基TaxotereR R=叔-丁氧基;R’=氢
紫杉醇的缺点之一是其水溶性十分有限,因而需要与非水性药物赋形剂配伍。一种常用的载体是Cremophor EL,其自身可能有对人体不利的副作用。因此许多研究小组制备了水溶性的紫杉醇的衍生物,详见如下文献:
(a)Haugwitz et al,U.S.Patent NO.4,942,184;
(b)Kingston et al,U.S.Patent NO.5.059.699
(c)Stella et al,U.S.Patent NO.4,960,790
(d)European Patent Application 0.558,959A1
1993年9月8日出版
(e)Vyas et al.Bioorganic& Medicinal Chemistry Letters,1993,3,1357-1360
(f)Nicolaou et al,Nature,1993,364,464-466
本发明化合物为紫杉烷衍生物的膦酰氧甲醚及其药物学上可耐受的盐。盐的水溶性有助于药物剂型的制备。
本发明涉及具有式(A)的紫杉烷衍生物或其药物学上可耐受的盐。
T-〔OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2〕n (A)其中,T是C13碳上取代有3-氨基-2-羟丙酰氧基的紫杉烷片断;n是1,2或3;m是0或1至6的整数。
另一方面,本发明提供了具有式(B)的紫杉烷衍生物:
T’-〔OCH2(OCH2)mSCH3〕n其中T’是非反应性羟基被阻断的T,m和n的定义同式(A)中的定义。
另方面,本发明还提供了具式(C)的中间体:
T’-〔OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(ORY)2〕n (C)其中T’,m和n定义同式(A)中的定义,且RY是膦酰基保护基。
另方面,本发明还提供了具式(D)的中间体或其C13金属醇盐。
13-OH-txn-[OCH2(OCH2)mSCH3]m (D)其中m和n定义同上,且txn为紫杉烷片断。
另方面,本发明还提供了在哺乳类宿主中抑制肿瘤的方法,该方法包括给所述的哺乳类宿主服用抗肿瘤有效剂量的式(A)化合物。
再一方面,本发明还提供了在哺乳类宿主中抑制肿瘤的方法,该方法包括所述的哺乳类宿主服用抗肿瘤有效剂量的式(B’)化合物:其中R1b’是羟基,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R3b’是氢,羟基,-OC(O)ORX,C1-6烷氧基或-OC(O)RX,R6b’或R7b’之一为氢,且另一个为羟基或C1-6烷酰氧基;或者是R6b’和R7b’一同构成氧代基;R4和R5独立地表示C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基,或一Z-R6;Z是直接的键,C1-6烷基或C2-6烯基;R6是芳基,取代的芳基,C3-6环烷基或杂芳基;P是0或1;RX是C1-6烷基,任意地被1-6个相同或不同的卤原子所取代,C3-6烷基,C2-6链烯基或羟基;或者RX为下式所表示的基团其中D是键或C1-6烷基;且Ra,Rb和Rc分别独立地代表氢,氨基,C1-6烷氨基,二-C1-6烷氨基,卤素,C1-6烷基,或C1-6烷氧基。
因而,本发明还提供了一种由抗肿瘤有效量的式(B’)或(A)化合物与制药学上可耐受的载体一起构成的药物组合物。
在本申请书中,除非特别指明或有关联,将采用下列定义。
“烷基(Alkyl)”表示一个直链或支链的具有一至六个碳原子的碳链,例如甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,正戊基,仲戊基,异戊基和正己基。“链烯基(Alkenyl)”表示至少有一个碳—碳双键的,直链或支链的,含有2-6个碳原子的碳链;例如,乙烯基,丙烯基,异丙烯基,丁烯基,异丁烯基,戊烯基和己烯基。“炔基(Alkynyl)”表示直链或支链的,至少有一个碳-碳叁键的,具有2-6个碳原子的碳链;例如,乙炔基,丙炔基,丁炔基及己炔基。
“芳基(Aryl)”表示具有6-10个碳原子的芳烃;例如,苯和萘。“取代的芳基”表示芳基被至少一个如下基团所取代:C1-6烷酰氧基,羟基,卤素,C1-6烷基,三氟甲基,C1-6烷氧基,芳基,C2-6链烯基,C1-6烷酰基,硝基,氨基及酰氨基。“卤素(Halogen)”表示氟,氯,溴和碘。
“膦酰基”表示基团-P(O)(OH)2,且“膦酰氧甲氧基”或“膦酰氧甲醚”一般表示基团-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2“(甲硫基)硫代羰基”表示基团-C(S)SCH3。“甲硫甲基”(也常缩写为MTM)一般表示基团-CH2SCH3。
“紫杉烷片断”(也缩写为txn)表示含有20个碳的,由下列结构式所表示的,具有如下绝对构型的紫杉烷核骨架的片断。上述所示位次编排系统为紫杉烷命名中常用的一种,本申请书全部沿用此排序系统。例如,标志C1指标有“1”的碳原子;C5-C20oxetane系指由标号为4,5和20的碳原子与氧原子构成的oxe-tane环;且C9氧系指与标号为9的碳原子相连的氧原子,所谓的氧原子可能是氧代基,α-或β-羟基,或α-或β-酰氧基。
“紫杉烷衍生物”(缩写为T)是指带有C13侧链的紫杉烷片断。
“杂芳基”是指最少含有一个,最多有四个选自氧,硫和氮等非碳原子的五元或六元芳环。杂芳基的例子有:噻吩基,呋喃基,吡咯基,咪唑基,吡唑基,噻唑基,异噻唑基,恶唑基,异恶唑基,三唑基,噻二唑基,恶二唑基,四唑基,噻三唑基,恶三唑基,吡啶基,嘧啶基,吡嗪基,哒嗪基,三嗪基,四嗪基,等杂环基。
“膦酰基保护基”指能用于阻断或保护膦酰功能基的片断,较可取的该类保护基是那些能用不影响分子中其它部分的方法来除掉的基团。合适的膦酰基保护基对熟悉本领域技术的人士而言,是很熟悉的,例如,苄基和烯丙基。
“羟基保护基”包括,但并不局限于:醚,如甲基,叔丁基,苄基,对甲氧苄基,对硝基苄基,烯丙基,三苯甲基,甲氧甲基,甲氧乙氧甲基,乙氧乙基,四氢比喃基,四氢硫代比喃等,以及三烷基甲硅烷醚,如三甲基甲硅烷醚,三乙基甲硅烷醚,及叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷醚;酯如苯甲酰基,乙酰基,苯乙酰基,甲酰基,单,二或三卤乙酰基,如氯乙酰基,二氯乙酰基,三氯乙酰基,三氟乙酰基;及碳酸酯,如甲基,乙基,2,2,2-三氟乙基,丙基,苄基,和对硝基苯基。
羟基和膦酰基保护基的其它例子见常规参考文献,像Greene及Wuts著Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,2nd Ed.,1991,John Wiley & Sons,及Mcomie,Protective Groups in OrganicChemistry.1975,Plenum Press。保护基的引入和除去的方法也参见这些教科书。
“制药学上的耐受盐”表示酸性膦酰基的金属盐或铵盐,其中的阳离子对活性化合物的毒性或生物活性均不构成显著的影响。合适的金属盐包括锂,钠,钾,钙,钡,镁,锌及铝盐。较可取的金属盐是钠和钾盐。合适的铵盐有如,氨,氨基丁三醇(TRIS),三乙胺,普鲁卡因,benzathine,二苄胺,氯普鲁卡因,胆碱,二乙醇胺,三乙醇胺,乙二胺,葡糖胺,N-甲基葡糖胺,赖氨酸,精氨酸,乙醇胺,仅举数例。较可取的铵盐为赖氨酸,精氨酸,三乙醇胺及N-甲基葡糖胺的盐。更可取为N-甲基葡糖胺或三乙醇胺。
在本文中,术语-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2包括游离酸及其制药学上可耐受的盐,在相关段落中特指游离酸时除外。
本发明提供了式(A)的紫杉烷衍生物或其制药学上可耐受的盐。
T-〔OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2〕n (A)其中T为C13碳原上带有取代的3-氨基-2-羟基丙酰氧基的紫杉烷片段;n是1,2或3;m为0,或1至6的整数,
本发明还提供了可用于制备式(A)紫杉烷衍生物的,具式(B)的紫杉烷衍生物:
T’-〔OCH2(OCH2)mSCH3〕n (B)
在紫杉烷片断的实例中至少含有以下功能基:C1-羟基,C2-苯甲酰氧基,C4-乙酰氧基,C5-C20 oxetane,C9-氧,及C11-C12双键。
一个较可取的紫杉烷片断衍生自如下结构的残基其中R2a’是氢且R2a是氢,羟基,-OC(O)RX,或-OC(O)ORX;R3a为氢,羟基,OC(O)RX,-OC(O)ORX或C1-6烷氧基;R6a或R7a之一为氢,且另一个为羟基或-OC(O)RX,或者R6a与R7a一起构成氧代基;RX定义同下。
在另一个实例中,C13侧链来自如下结构的残基其中R1a为氢或-C(O)RX,-C(O)ORX,R4和R5独立地表示C1-6烷基,C2-6链烯基,C2-6炔基,或-Z-R6;Z为直接的键,C1-6烷基或C2-6链烯基;R6为芳基,取代的芳基,C3-6环烷基,或杂环芳基;且RX为C1-6烷基(任意地被1-6个相同或不同的卤原子取代),C3-6环烷基,C2-6链烯基或羟基;或者RX为下式的残基:其中D是键或C1-6烷基;且Ra,Rb及Rc分别独立地为氢,氨基,C1-6烷氨基,二-C1-6烷氨基,卤素,C1-6烷基,或C1-6烷氧基;P为0或1。
在可取的实例中,R4为C1-6烷基且P为1,或R4为-Z-R6,且P为0。更可取的为R4(O)p为叔丁氧基,苯基,异丙氧基,正丙氧基,或正丁氧基。
在另一个可取的实例中,R5为C2-6链烯基或-Z-R6,且Z和R6定义同前所述。更可取的为R5是苯基,α-呋喃基,α-噻吩基,异丁烯基,α-丙烯基,或C3-6环烷基。
在另一个实例中,可用式(I)来特指式(A)化合物或其制药学上可耐受的盐。其中R1为羟基,-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R2’为氢,且R2为氢,羟基,-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R3为氢,羟基,C1-6烷氧基,-OC(O)RX,-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2,或-OC(O)ORX;R6或R7之一为氢,且另一个为羟基,C1-6烷酰氧基,或-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2;或R6及R7一起构成氧代基;附加条件是R1,R2,R3,R6或R7中至少有一个为-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2;R4,R5,RX,m和P定义同前。
在式(I)化合物中,RX的实例包括甲基,羟甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,氯甲基,2,2,2-三氯乙基,环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,乙烯基,2-丙烯基,苯基,苄基,溴苯基,4-氨基苯基,4-甲基氨基苯基,4-甲基苯基,4-甲氧苯基等等。R4和R5的实例包括2-丙烯基,异丁烯基,3-呋喃基,3-噻吩基,苯基,萘基,4-羟基苯基,4-甲氧基苯基,4-氟苯基,4-三氟甲基苯基,甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,乙烯基,2-丙烯基,2-丙炔基,苄基,苯乙基,苯乙烯基,3,4-二甲氧苯基,2-呋喃基,2-噻吩基,2-(2-呋喃)乙烯基,2-甲基丙基,环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环己甲基,环己乙基等等。
在一个实例中,本发明提供了式(I)化合物中较可取的基团,其中R5为C2-6烯基或-Z-R6,且Z和R6定义同前所述。更可取的R5为苯基,3-呋喃基,3-噻吩基,2-丙烯基,异丁烯基,2-呋喃基,2-噻吩基或C3-6环烷基。
在另一个可取的实例中,化合物式(I)的R4为C1-6烷基其中P为1;或R4是-Z-R6,且Z和R6的定义同前所述,且此时P为0。较可取的R4(O)p为叔丁氧基,苯基,异丙氧基,正丙氧基,正丁氧基。
在另一个可取的实例中,本发明提供了式(I)化合物,其中R1为-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2。在较可取的实例中,R2为羟基,-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2,-OC(O)ORX或-OC(O)RX,且RX较可取的是C1-6烷基,在另一个较可取的实例中,R3为羟基或乙酰氧基。
在另一个可取的实例中,本发明提供了式(I)化合物,其中R2为-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2;R1为羟基,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;且R3为氢,羟基,乙酰氧基,-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2或-OC(O)ORX;且RX定义同前。在较可取的实例中,R1为羟基或-OC(O)ORX且RX较可取的为C1-6烷基;且R3为羟基或乙酰氧基。
在另一个可取的实例中,本发明提供了式(I)化合物,其中R3为-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2;R1为羟基或-OC(O)ORX;R2’为氢,且R2为氢,羟基,或-OC(O)ORX;且RX的定义同前。在更可取的例子中,R1为羟基或-OC(O)ORX,且RX转可取的为C1-6烷基。在另一个较可取的实例中R2为羟基。
在另一个可取的实例中,m是0,1或2,且膦酰氧甲氧基位于紫杉烷片断的C7位上。
式(A)化合物的较可取的制药学上可耐受的盐是碱金属盐,包括锂,钠和钾盐;以及铵盐包括三乙铵盐,三乙醇铵盐,乙醇铵盐,精氨酸盐,赖氨酸盐和N-甲基葡糖铵盐。最可取的盐是钠,三乙醇铵及N-甲基葡糖铵盐。
式(A)紫杉烷衍生物的较可取的实例有如下化合物:
(1)7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇,
(2)2’-O-(乙氧基羰基)-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇;
(3)2’-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇;
(4)2’-7-双-O-(膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇;
(5)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-呋喃基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇;
(6)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-噻吩基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇;
(7)10-脱乙酰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-10-O-(膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇;
(8)2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧甲基紫杉醇;
(9)2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇;
(10)2’-O-甲基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇;
(11)2’-O-甲氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧基紫杉醇;
(12)2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧甲基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇;以及它们各自的制药学上可耐受的盐,特别是钠,钾,精氨酸,赖氨酸,N-甲基葡糖胺,乙醇胺,三乙胺及三乙醇胺的盐。
可从紫杉烷衍生的起始物T-〔OH〕n(其中T、n同前定义)来制备式(A)化合物。T-〔OH〕n的特征并无特别的限制,只要在紫杉烷片断或C13侧链上至少有一个活性的羟基来连接形成膦酰氧甲醚。可这样理解,即,活性羟基可以直接连在C13丙酰氧链上(如,2’-羟基紫杉醇)或连在紫杉烷环上(如7-羟基紫杉醇);或它也可在C13侧链的取代基上,或在紫杉烷环的取代基上。图示I所例反应步骤可用于式(A)化合物的制备
图示I
在图示I中,T’是被保护的非反应性羟基的紫杉烷衍生物;RX是膦酰保护基;n和m定义同前所述。因而,一个合适的被保护的并具有-或多个反应性羟基的T’被首先转化为相应的式(B)甲硫甲醚。以紫杉醇为例,T’可以是紫杉醇本身(进行2’,7-双甲硫甲基化),7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇,7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇,或2’-O-乙氧羰基紫杉醇。式(B)化合物(其中m为0)可按如下方法制备:用二甲基亚砜/醋酐,或用二甲硫醚和有机过氧化物处理T’-〔OH〕n。这些将在下列章节中更全面地讨论。
可用几种可能的途径来制备具有一个插入的亚甲氧基单元(即,m=1的式(B)化合物)MTM醚(甲硫甲基醚)。在一条途径中,将m=0的式(B)化合物与N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(NIS)和甲基硫代甲醇反应,将侧链延长一个亚甲氧基单元, 一个类似的醇与甲硫甲氧基团在NIS存在下进行的反应见Veene-man等人在Tetrahedron,1991,v.47,PP.1547-1562的报道,在此将其有关部分通过参考文献结合在一起。较可取的是采用三氟甲磺酸银(triflate)作为催化剂。甲硫甲醇化合物及其制备见syn.comm.,1986,16(13):1607-1610。
在另一个方法中,用式(Aa)化合物与碱,如正丁基锂,二异丙基酰铵锂或六甲基二硅叠氮化锂等进行反应生成T-烷氧化物(Ad),将(Ad)与氯甲基甲硫甲基醚进行反应生成m=1的式(B)化合物。
〔Ad〕 〔Ae〕
化合物(Ae)是用甲硫醇盐(用碱如正丁基锂,二异丙基酰胺锂或六甲基二硅叠氮化锂等处理甲硫甲醇得来的)与氯碘甲烷反应而制得的。也可从1,1’-二氯二甲醚(ClCH2OCH2Cl)与化学计算量或少量(如,约0.8当量的)的碘化钠进行反应,而后用硫代甲醇钠处理制得化合物(Ae)。1,1’-二氯二甲醚见Ind.J.Chem.,1989,PP.454-456中的报导。
在另一方法中,式(Aa)化合物与双(MTM)醚,CH3SCH2OCH2SCH3及NIS反应给出m=1的式(B)化合物。
双(MTM)醚是用1,1’二氯二甲醚与碘化钠反应,而后用硫代甲醇钠处理而制备的。
上述采用甲硫甲醇和NIS的方法可应用于任何含有MTM基的试剂,在每次反应中给侧链上增加一个亚甲氧基单元。例如,m=1的式(B)化合物与甲硫甲醇和NIS反应,给出m=2的式(B)化合物。该步骤可重复进行,从而给出m=3,4,5或6的式(B)化合物。
在图示I的第二步中,甲硫甲醚转化为相应的被保护的膦酰氧甲醚。用MTM醚与NIS反应,并保护磷酸酯HOP(O)(ORY)2来完成该转化。在第三步中,除去膦酰保护基及任何羟基保护基给出式(A)化合物。例如,合适的膦酰基保护基是苄基,可经催化氢化被除去;羟基保护基像三烷基甲硅烷基可经氟离子除去,可用锌除去三氯乙氧羰基。除去保护基的方法参见如下教科书:如Green及Wuts著Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,John Wi-ley & Sons,1991;及Mcomie著,Protective in Organic Chemistry,Plenum Press,1973。这两个步骤在说明书的后面章节中将被详细地讨论。
图示II给出图示I反应步骤的变型。
在图示II中,式(Aa)化合物与式(Ca)化合物及NIS反应给出式(C)化合物,式(C)经去保护给出式(A)化合物。m=0的式(Ca)化合物可经下列步骤制备:首先用六甲基二硅叠氢化钠,锂或钾等碱处理甲硫甲醇,给出甲硫甲醇盐;然后将甲醇盐与保护的氯磷酸酯,如二苄基氯磷酸酯反应,给出所需的化合物。m为1的式(Ca)化合物可用如下步骤制备:用双保护的磷酸盐处理CH3SCH2OCH2Cl,如用二苄基磷酸钠,钾,四正丁基铵盐;或首先将CH3SCH2OCH2Cl转化为相应的碘化合物(如用碘化钠),然后与磷酸盐反应。另一个制备式(Ca)化合物(m=1)的方法为:用碘化钠处理ClCH2OCH2Cl,然后再用硫代甲醇钠处理,给出CH3SCH2OCH2SCH3;而后用NIS和一个双保护的磷酸酯如二苄基磷酸酯处理该产物,给出所需的产物。可用上述任意含有MTM基团的试剂,同时与甲硫甲醇和NIS一起反应以延长一个亚甲氧基单元。
在另一个制备式(A)化合物的方法中,T-醇盐(Ad)与碘磷酸酯进行反应,见图示III,
在图示III中,将ClCH2(OCH2)mCl与双保护的磷酸盐反应,给出ClCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(ORY)2,然后用碘化钠处理,给出所需的碘磷酸盐化合物。
另一适于制备式A化合物(其中至少有一个膦酰氧甲氧基与紫杉烷片断相连)的方法见下列图示IV。
在图示IV中,m和n的定义同前所述;X是非氢基团,P为羟基保护基;txn为紫杉烷片断。式(D)化合物为具有13α-羟基,且一或多个甲硫甲醚间接或直接地连在紫杉烷核上的紫杉烷;也包括式(D)C13金属醇盐。式(D)化合物的实例是7-O-甲硫甲基浆果赤霉素III:
紫杉醇(D)为氮杂环丁酮的结合类似于后面的图示VI中所示;因此那里所述的制备式(Id)的方法也可应用于制备式(Ba)化合物,〔即式(B)化合物,其中至少有一个MTM基团直接或间接地与紫杉烷片断相连〕,如在图示VI中,采用式(D)化合物代替式(II)化合物。最好首先将紫杉烷(D)转化为C13金属醇盐,如醇钠,醇钾或醇锂;较可取的为醇锂。氮杂环丁酮作为C13侧链的前体。在与紫杉烷结合后,将羟基保护基P除去,如果需要的话,可将侧链上游离的羟基按本文所述方式转化为MTM醚或衍生为酯或碳酸酯。
可按本文后面所述方法(也是已知的常规方法)制备氮杂环丁酮。可按上述制备式(B)化合物的通法,采用合适的被保护的紫杉烷来制备式(D)化合物。然而,更为方便的是,可采用硼氢化物如硼氢化钠或四丁基铵硼氢化物将13-例链切断;从而从式(Ba)化合物来制备它们;例如,用四丁基铵硼氢化物处理7-O-MTM紫杉醇,给出7-O-MTM浆果赤霉素III。
图示I中制备式(A)化合物的通法在图示V中得到进一步具体化,图示V给出了式(I’)(即m为0的式(I)化合物)化合物的制备方法。在该合成步骤中所用的方法一般应用于式(I)以外的,其它的紫杉烷衍生物。更一步的,本领域技术熟练的人士也可按照本文的精神,对图示(V)中的方法进行修改;从而制备出m为1,2或3的式(A)紫杉烷衍生物。
可以理解的是,在图示V及本文的其它部分中,术语“羟基保护基”可包括合适的碳酸酯(例如,-OC(O)ORX其中RX不含有羟基);因而当采用碳酸酯作为羟基保护基时,目的是在后面的步骤中除去保护,给出游离的羟基,除非是将碳酸醋片断保留而作为最终产物中的一部分。
在图示V中,R1a是羟基,保护的羟基,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R2’为氢,且R2a为氢,羟基,保护的羟基,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R3a为氢,羟基,保护的羟基,C1-6烷氧基,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX,R6a或R7a之一为氢,且另一个为羟基,保护的羟基或C1-6烷酰氧基;或者R6a与R7a一起构成氧代基;前提条件是R1a,R2a或R3a,R6a或R7a至少有一个为羟基。R1b为羟基,保护的羟基,-OCH2SCH3,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R2’是氢,且R2b为氢,羟基,保护的羟基,-OCH2SCH3,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R3b为氢,羟基,保护的羟基,C1-6烷氧基,-OC(O)RX,-OCH2SCH3或-OC(O)ORX;R6b或R7b之一为氢且另一个为羟基,保护的羟基,C1-6烷酰氧基或-OCH2SCH3;或R6b和R7b一起构成氧代基;前提条件是R1b,R2b,R3b,R6b和R7b一起构成氧代基;前提条件是R1b,R2b,R3b,R6b或R7b中至少有一个为一OCH2SCH3。R1c为羟基,保护的羟基,-OCH2OP(O)(ORY)2,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R2’为氢,且R2c为氢,羟基,保护的羟基,-OCH2OP(O)(ORY)2,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R3c为氢,羟基,保护的羟基,C1-6烷氧基,-OC(O)RX,-OCH2OP(O)(ORY)2或-OC(O)ORX;R6c或R7c之一为氢,且另一个为羟基,保护的羟基,C1-6烷酰氧基或-OCH2OP(O)(ORY)2;前提条件是R1c,R2c,R3c,R6c或R7c中至少有一个为-OCH2OP(O)(ORY)2。R1’是羟基,-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R2 是氢,且R2″是氢,羟基,-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R3’是氢,羟基,C1-6烷氧基,-OC(O)RX,-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2或-OC(O)ORX;R6’或R7’之一为氢,且另一个为羟基,C1-6烷酰氧基或-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2;前提条件是R1’,R2″,R3’,R6’或R7’中至少有一个是-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2。R4,R5,RX及P定义同前所述,且RY是膦酰基保护基。
在第一步中,将式(Ia)化合物的游离羟基转化为相应的甲硫甲醚(-OCH2SCH3)基。该转化可按下列2个方法之一来进行(1a-二甲基硫醚方法)及(1b-二甲基亚砜方法)。用二甲基硫醚将醇转化为甲硫甲基醚的方法参见Medina等人在Tet.Lett.,1988PP.3773-3776中的报道,在此将其有关部分通过参考文献结合在一起。二甲基亚砜方法是已知的被称为Pummerer反应的方法。
应注意的是羟基反应活性的差异取决于其在式(Ia)紫杉烷衍生起始物上的位置。尽管一般来讲,在酰化反应中,2’-羟基活性高于7-羟基,而7-羟基活性又高于10-羟基。但在二甲硫醚方法中,惊奇地发现7-羟基比2’-羟基更易转化为甲硫甲基醚。位于C-1上的叔羟基一般反应性最低。羟基反应性的差异可被用来控制甲硫甲基化的位置及程度。
因而,对R1a和R2a均为羟基的式(Ia)化合物而言,采用二甲硫醚方法时,主要的甲硫甲基化产物为相应的7-O-甲硫甲基醚。为了得到式(Ib)化合物,其中R1b为甲硫甲氧基,而不将可能存在的7-羟基转化为甲硫甲醚,可用常规的羟基保护基将7-羟基保护起来,例如用三乙基甲硅烷基或苄氧羰基。相类似地,也无须将7-和/或2’-羟基转化(假如其存在,可用相同或不同的羟基保护基将它们保护),以得到10-甲硫甲醚化的产物。虽然在二甲硫醚方法中,7-羟基是较可取的甲硫甲基化的位置,如果7-单甲硫甲醚是所需产物时,最好还是先将2’-羟基保护起来。
另外,可以控制反应条件,从而生成双或三甲硫甲醚紫杉烷衍生物。例如,对紫杉醇而言,增加反应时间或采用大大过量的甲硫甲基化试剂可在反应产物中得到较高比例的2’,7-双(甲硫甲基)醚紫杉醇。
现在回到图示V,在步骤(1a)中,用二甲硫醚及有机过氧化物,如苯甲酰过氧化物处理式(Ia)化合物。该反应在惰性有机溶剂进行,如,乙腈,二氯甲烷等,在有助于产物生成的温度下反应;典型的反应温度为约-40℃至约环境温度。采用相对紫杉烷衍生起始物(Ia)过量的二甲硫醚及相对于苯甲酰过氧化物,且二甲硫醚相对于苯甲酰过氧化物是过量的。
所用的起始物的相对数量取决于要达到的甲硫甲基化反应的程度。因此当紫杉烷衍生起始物(Ia)的一游离羟基转化为甲硫甲醚时,可以采用相对于紫杉烷衍生物(Ia)最大过量10倍的二甲硫醚和苯甲酰过氧化物;且较可取的为,二甲硫醚的用量约2-3倍过量于苯甲酰过氧化物。当起始物(Ia)有2’-及7-羟基时,增加二甲硫醚和苯甲酰过氧化物的相对量将得到2’,7-双(甲硫甲基)醚。当2’,7-双(甲硫甲基)醚为所需产物时,二甲硫醚的用量较可取的为大约15至约20倍过量于紫杉烷衍生起始物;且采用约5-10倍过量于紫杉烷衍生起始物的苯甲酰过氧化物。
另外,将式(Ia)化合物与二甲基亚砜和醋酐(方法1b)反应,也可制备出式(Ib)化合物。该方法适于将一非-2’-羟基衍生化为它的甲硫甲醚。在方法(1b)中,将式(Ia)化合物溶于二甲基亚砜中并将醋酐加入该溶液中。该反应通常在室温下进行18至24小时,生成单甲硫甲醚。
在反应过程的第二步骤中,将甲硫甲醚转化为相应的保护的膦酰氧甲醚。从甲硫甲基转化为膦酰氧甲基的反应可按Veeneman等人Tetrahedron 1991.v47 PP1547-1562报道的方法进行。在此将其有关部分通过参考文献结合在一起。因此,将至少有一个甲硫甲醚基团的式(Ib)化合物用N-碘琥珀酰亚胺和一个经保护的磷酸,如磷酸二苄酯处理,该反应在惰性有机溶剂中进行,如四氢呋喃或卤代烃如1,2-二氯乙烷或二氯甲烷,且可任意地存在有脱水剂,如分子筛。也可加入三氟甲磺酸银之类的催化剂加快反应的进行。该反应在0℃左右至室温的范围内进行,较可取的为在室温下。N-碘琥珀胺亚胺及经保护的磷酸用量与甲硫甲醚(Ib)相比约为等摩尔量,但较可取的是略微过量,例如相对式(Ib)化合物而言,约为1.3-1.5左右当量。
在反应过程的第三步骤中,除去可能存在的膦酰保护基和羟基保护基。采用熟知本专业技术的常规方法进行去保护,像酸或碱催化水解,氢解,还原等等。例如,可采用催化氢解法除去作为羟基保护基的苄基膦酰保护基以及苄氧羰基羟基。去保护的方法可参见标准著作:Greene和Wutz或McOmie等人的专著。无须再说,假如式(Ia)化合物在基团RX上含有羟基时,该羟基最好被羟基保护基保护起来,直到最后的去保护步骤。
正如前面所提到,本领域技术熟练的人员可按照本文内容对图示V的方法进行改良,从而获得m为1,2或3的式A紫杉烷衍生物。例如,图示Va及Vb特别阐明了本门技术熟练人员如何对本文内容作改良,从而获得特定的式A化合物,其中至少有一个取代基为-OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2。类似地,m为3的其它式A化合物,也能很容易地制得。
可用常规技术制备式(I)化合物的碱性盐类,即,将式I化合物游离酸与金属碱或与胺反应。合适的金属碱包括钠,钾,锂,钙,钡,镁,锌及铝的氢氧化物,碳酸盐及碳酸氢盐;合适的胺包括有:三乙胺,氨,赖氨酸,精氨酸,N-甲基葡糖胺,乙醇胺,普鲁卡因,双苄基乙二胺,二苄胺,TRIS(tromethamine),氯普鲁卡因,胆碱,二乙醇胺,三乙醇胺等等。在用冷冻干燥或结晶之后,可进一步用层析法纯制该碱盐。
紫杉烷衍生物起始物
上述方法可用于将任意的式T-〔OH)n紫杉烷衍生物转化为式(A)化合物。许多T-〔OH〕n的实例已被报道于文献中,并在下面列出几种:(a)紫杉醇;(b)TaxotereR;(c)10-脱乙酰基紫杉醇;(d)PCT申请93/06079(1993年4月1日出版)中公开的具有下式的紫杉烷衍生物:其中R1为-OR6,-SR7或-NR8R9;R2为氢,烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,或杂芳基;R3和R4独立地为氢,烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,杂芳基,或酰基,然而,条件为R3和R4不能同时为酰基;R5为-COR10,-COOR10,-COSR10,-CONR8R10,-SO2R11,或-POR12R13;R6为氢,烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,杂芳基,羟基保护基,或能增加该紫杉烷衍生物水溶性的功能团;R7是烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,杂芳基,或硫氢基保护基;R8为氢,烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,杂芳基;R9为氨基保护基;R10为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基基杂芳基;R11为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,杂芳基,-OR10,或-NR8R14;R12和R12独立地为烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,杂芳基,-OR10,或-NR8R14;R14为氢,烷基,链烯基,炔基,芳基,杂芳基;R16和R16独立地为氢,羟基,低级烷酰氧基,链烯酰氧基,炔酰氧基,芳酰氧基或R15和R16一起构成氧代基;R17和R18独立地为氢,羟基,低级烷酰氧基,链酰氧基,炔酰氧基,芳酰氧基或R17和R18一起构成氧代基;R19和R20独立地为氢或羟基或低级烷酰氧基,链烯酰氧基,炔酰氧基,或芳酰氧基;R21和R22独立地为氢,或低级烷酰氧基,链烯酰氧基,炔酰氧基,或芳酰氧基或R21和R22一起构成氧代基;R24为氢或羟基或低级烷酰氧基,链烯酰氧基,炔酰氧基,或芳酰氧基;或R22和R24一起构成氧代基或亚甲基或R22和R24与它们所连的碳原子一起构成环氧乙烷环或者R22和R22与它们所连的碳原子一起构成环氧乙烷环;R23为氢,羟基,或低级烷酰氧基,链烯酰氧基,炔酰氧基,或芳酰氧基;或R26为氢,羟基,低级烷酰氧基,链烯酰氧基,炔酰氧基,或芳酰氧基;或R26和R25一起构成氧代基;且R27为氢,羟基或低级烷氧基,烷酰氧基,链烯酰氧基,炔酰氧基,或芳酰氧基;(e)U.S.Patent 5,227,400中公开的紫杉烷衍生物3’-脱苯基-3’-(2-呋喃基)或3’-(2-噻吩基)紫杉醇衍生物,Taxotere\R;(f)EP 534,709,1993年3月31日公开中公开的紫杉烷衍生物(紫杉醇衍生物,其中侧链苯基独立地被萘基,苯乙烯基或取代的苯基所代替),另见1992年6月11日公开的PCT92/09589;(g)1993年3月31日公开的EP534,707中公开的紫杉烷衍生物(紫杉醇衍生物,其中3’-N-苯甲酰基被乙氧羰基或甲氧羰基所代替);(h)1993年4月1日公开的PCT Application 93/06093(10-脱乙酰氧基紫杉醇衍生物及TaxotereR衍生物);(i)1993年1月20日公开的EP 524,093(10-,7-或7,10-双-O-(N-取代的氨甲酰基)紫杉烷衍生物);(j)紫杉醇的9-α-羟基类似物,公开于Klein著,“Synthesis of 9-Dihydrotaxol:A New BioactiveTaxane”Tetrahedron Letters,1993,34(13):2047-2050;(k)紫杉醇和TaxotereR的14-β-羟基类物,它是从14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III制备而得,在205th ACS National Meet-ing in Colorado 1993(Med.Chem.Division Abstract No.28)中公开的,及(I)其它的紫杉烷,像C7-氟紫杉烷及各种C10-取代的紫杉烷,见1994年1月5日公开的European Patent Application577,082A1,其在此通过参考文献结合在一起,作为一个整体。
游离羟基或紫杉烷衍生物类的基团,可经常规方法转化为相应的酯或碳酸酯,例如,在式(Ia)化合物中,R1a,R2a或R3a之一为-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX且RX同前定义。因此,紫杉烷衍生物T-OH可与式L-C(O)ORX(L为离去基团)化合物,像氯甲酯,在碱的存在(如叔铵)下反应,给出相应的碳酸酯;例如,在二异丙基乙基胺存在下,紫杉醇与氯甲酸乙酯反应,给出2’-O-乙氧羰基紫杉醇。T-OH也可与羧酸RXCO2H或其相应的酰化剂(如,酸酐,活性酯或酰卤)反应,给出相应的酯。当L-C(O)ORX或RXCO2H或其相应的酰化剂中的RX含有羟基时,最好用合适的羟基保护基将其保护,这是无须指出的常规做法。
另外,还可用合适的取代3-氨基-2-羟基丙酸,其相应的酰化剂,或其前体,酰化具有C13羟基的紫杉烷片断来制备紫杉烷衍生物T-〔OH〕n。合适的取代3-氨基-2-羟基丙酸前体是,例如,式(III)氮杂环丁酮。该酰化反应实例有:羟基保护的浆果赤霉素III或羟基保护的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III和苯基异色氨酸衍生物反应给出紫杉醇衍生物(公开于,例如,Denis等人,U.S.Patents 4,924,011及4,924,012);以及保护的浆果赤霉素III与氮杂环丁酮反应,给出紫杉醇及其衍生物(公开于1990年12月5日出版的EP Published Application 400,971,(现在是U.S.Patent 5,175,315及U.S.Patent 5.229.526)。
EP400,971(Holton方法)中公开的方法涉及1-苯甲酰基-3-(1-乙氧基)乙氧基-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮与7-O-三乙硅烷基浆果赤霉素III的反应,反应条件为:有N,N-二甲氨基吡啶和吡啶存在,在25℃时进行反应12小时;除去各种羟基保护基后得到紫杉醇。一个改良的Holton方法见Ojima等人报道“采用β-内酰胺合成纤维方法作为对紫杉醇及其C-13侧链类物半合成的新颖和有效的方法”,Tetrahedron 1992,48(34):6985-7012。Ojima方法包括:首先将7-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素III与氢化钠反应生成相应的钠盐;然后,将该盐与手性的1-苯甲酰基-3-(1-乙氧基)乙氧基-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮反应,除去羟基保护基后得到紫杉醇。在U.S.5,229,526中,Holton公开了浆果赤霉素III的金属醇盐或其衍生物与2-氮杂环丁酮偶合,给出带C-13侧链的紫杉烷。据说该方法具有高度的立体选择性。因此,可以采用消旋的侧链前体2-氮杂环丁酮混合物。最近,Ojima等人报道了如下反应途径:“通过β-内酰胺合成纤维方法合成TaxotereR的高度有效的途径”(Tetrahedron Letters,1993,34(26):4149-4152)。7,10-双-O-(三氟乙氧羰基)-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的金属醇盐与手性的1-(叔丁氧羰基)-4-苯基-3-(保护的羟基)-2-氮杂环丁酮反应,脱保护基后给出TaxotereR。参见上述所有文献的相关部分。
浆果赤霉素/氮杂环丁酮方法延伸到式(Ia)化合物的制备,在图示VI中作了阐明。再者,其他未专门包括在式(Ia)中的紫杉烷衍生物,也能利用此法,使用适宜的起始物加以制备。
在图示VI中,R2’为氢,且R2d为氢,保护的羟基,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;R3d是氢,-OC(O)RX,C1-6烷氧基,保护的羟基或OC(O)ORX;R6d或R7d之一为氢,且另一个为羟基,保护的羟基或C1-6烷酰氧基;或R6d及R7d一起构成氧代基;P为羟基保护基;M为氢或IA族金属,如锂,钠或钾;且P,R4,R5和RX同前定义。该反应可按EP400,971中的方法进行,其中具式(II)浆果赤霉素III衍生物(其中M为氢)与式(III)氮杂环丁酮,在有机碱如N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶存在下进行反应。然而,较可取的是首先用强碱,如碱金属氢化物,烷基氨化物类及IA族金属的双-(三烷基甲硅烷基)氨化物类,使浆果赤霉素III衍生物转化为13-醇盐(公开于U.S.Patent 5,229,526及上文中Ojima的文献)。更可取的是13-醇盐为醇锂。锂盐的形成方法如下:将式(II)化合物(其中M为氢)与强金属碱反应即得,强碱有:二异丙基氨化锂,C1-6烷基锂,双-(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨化锂,苯基锂,氢化锂或类似的碱。无须指出,当式(II)化合物在RX基上含有羟基时,最好用合适的保护基将其保护起来。
式(II)紫杉烷与式(III)氮杂环丁酮之间的偶合反应是在惰性有机溶剂,如四氢呋喃中进行的,反应温度在约0℃至-78℃低温。可以用式(III)氮杂环丁酮作为消旋混合物与式(II)紫杉烷金属醇盐(其中M为IA族金属)偶合;在此情况下,最好用至少2当量于紫杉烷反应物的氮杂环丁酮反应物,更可取的是用其约3-6当量。也可用手性的氮杂环丁酮类,并在此情况下,对于紫杉烷,用一个当量的氮杂环丁酮已足够,但是,最好用稍微过量,例如高达1.5当量。
羟基保护基可以是相同的,也可是不同的从而达到选择性地除一或多个保护基而基本上不影响其它的保护基的目的;例如,在式(Id)化合物中,R2d和PO可以都是三乙基甲硅烷氧基,且R3d可以是苄氧羰基;在钯炭存在下,催化氢化可除去苄氧羰基保护基而不除去三乙基甲硅烷基。因而,式(Id)化合物的羟基保护基可被选择性地除去,给出式(Ia)化合物。
式(II)化合物既可是文献中已知的,如浆果赤霉素III,10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III及它们的羟基保护的衍生物,也可从已知物开始经常规方法制得,例如,将羟基转化为碳酸酯。另外,也可按下列“起始物的制备”中所述方法制备式(II)化合物。
根据EP400,971及Ojima等人Tetrahedron 48;6985-7012,1992中所述的通用方法,可从式(IIIa)化合物制备式(III)化合物。
因此,首先用碱,如正丁基锂或三乙胺处理式(IIIa)化合物,然后用式R4(O)PCO-L(其中L为离去基团)处理之,给出式(III)化合物。
可按EP400,971中所述的通用方法制备式(IIIa)化合物,其中经过一个中间化合物3-乙酰氧基-4-取代的-2-氮杂环丁酮(IIIb);或用US5,229,526中所公开的方法,经过中间化合物3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-取代-2-氮杂环丁酮来制备式(IIIa)化合物。在改进的方法中,可经下列步骤制备式(IIIb)化合物:将乙酰氧乙酰氯与双亚氨缩合,氢解或酸解除去N-亚氨基,该方法见下列反应图示,其中R5’是任意地被取代的芳基或杂芳基,如呋喃或噻吩。该方法公开同期申请U.S.S.N08/165,610(1993年12月13日)在此可用作参考。
从这些环合加成反应中得到的产物(IIIb)通常为两个顺-氮杂环丁酮的外消旋混合物。可用常规方法对该外消旋混合物进行拆分,例如,转变为非对映异构体方法,在填充手性吸附剂的层析柱上的差示吸附或酶催法。例如,可用水解酶处理式(IIIb)化合物的外消旋混合物,如用酯酶或脂肪酶,选择性地断开一个对映异构体的3-酰基而不影响其它的基团(参见Brieva等,J.Org.Chem.1993,58:1068-1075;同期申请U.S.S.N.092,170(1993年7月14日),European Patent Application No.552041,1993年7月21日出版)。另外,可先将外消旋混合物进行碱催化水解,除去3-乙酰基,并生成一个相应的3-羟基-β-内酰胺的外消旋混合物;然后用酶化法酰化该混合物,将其中一个对映体的羟基选择性酰经,而不影响其它的基团。或用一个手性羧酸对该外消旋混合物进行酰化,并得到一个非对映异构混合物,而后用常规已知方法分离之。除去手性助剂,得到所需的对映异构体。
Ojima等在J.Org.Chem.56:1681-1683,1991;Tet.Lett.,33:5737-5740,1992;及Tetrahedron,48:6985-7012中报道了几种手性式(IIIa)氮杂环丁酮和/或相应的N-(对-甲氧苯基)类似物的合成方法;其中P是作为羟基保护基的三异丙基甲硅烷基;且R5是4-甲氧苯基,3,4-二甲氧苯基,苯基,4-氟苯基,4-三氟甲基苯基,2-呋喃基,2-苯乙烯基,2-(2-呋喃基)乙烯基,2-甲基丙基,环己甲基,异丙基,苯乙基,2-环己乙基,或正丙基。有关制备式(IIIa)和/或(III)氮杂环丁酮的其它文献如下:
European Patent Applications 0,534,709 A1,0,534,708 A1,and 0,534,707 A1,all three published onMarch 3l,1993;in PCT aPPlication WO93/06079published on April 1,1993;in Bioorganic andMedicihal Chemistry Letters,3,No.11,PP 2475-2478(1993);also in Bioorganic and Medicihal ChemistryLetters,3,No.11,PP 2479-2482(1993);in J.Org.Chem.,58,PP 1068-1075;in Tetrahedron Letters,31,No.44,PP 6429-6432(1990);in Bioorganic andMedicinal Chemistry Letters,3,No.11,PP 2467-2470(1993);European Application 552,041 published on July21,1993;and in our copending U.S.Application SerialNo.092,170 filed on July 14,1993.上述文献的相关部分可供参考。其他的式(III)定义下的,但未特别指明的氮杂环丁酮,可按本专业技术熟练的人士所已知的方法来制备。生物学评价:
本发明中的式(B)化合物可用作式(A)新颖抗肿瘤剂的中间体。另外发现某些式(B)范围内的化合物,即化合物式(B’)本身被发现就是抗肿瘤剂。下列生物学部分I说明了式(A)化合物的抗肿瘤活性。另一方面,生物学部分II阐述了式(B’)化合物的抗肿瘤活性。生物学部分I体外细胞毒性数据
式(A)化合物在体外试验中显示出对人体结肠癌细胞HCT-116及HCT-116/VM46的细胞毒活性。HCT-116/VM46细胞是先前选择的对抗肿瘤药鬼臼噻吩甙有抗药性的细胞,并表现出多种药物的抗性表型,包括对紫杉醇的抗药性。用XTT(2,3-双(2-甲氧基-4-硝基-5-硫苯基)-5-〔(苯氨基)羰基〕2H-四唑翁氢氧化物)测定法来评价HCT-116人体结肠癌细胞上的细胞毒性,参见D.A.Scudiero的报道:“用人体及其他肿瘤细胞系,对在培养基中细胞生长和药物灵敏度的,可溶性四唑翁/甲替测定法的评价”Cancer Res.48:4827-4833,1988。将细胞植于96孔微滴平皿,4000细胞/孔。24小时后加进药物并稀释。细胞于37℃培养72小时,然后加入四唑翁染料XTT。在活细胞中的脱氢酶将XTT还原为其吸收光为450mm的形式,其可在此波长时用分光光度法作定量测定。吸光度愈大,活细胞数愈大。结果以IC50表示,IC50是抑制细胞增殖为对照组细胞的50%时所需的药物的浓度。在本测定中的代表性化合物的IC50值见表I。
表I
在体外实验中,对人体结肠癌细胞的细胞毒性数据
化合物* | IC50(μm) | |
HCT-116 | HCT-116/VM46 | |
Taxotere_紫杉醇实例1实例3实例4 | 0.0040.0040.01580.3120.0457 | 0.2130.441.246.2576.3 |
*实例1及4为游离酸;实例3为钠盐
*实例1及4为游离酸;实例3为钠盐。
化合物7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇
(实例l(a)也进行了细胞毒性测定;并且显示出0.003μm对HCT-116的IC50值以及0.025μm对HCT-116/VM46的IC50值。)体内抗肿瘤活性
给Balb/C×DBA2F1(CDF1)杂交小鼠皮下植入0.1ml 2%(W/VM10%肺癌浆(参见W.Rose在“Madison 109肺癌作为筛选抗肿瘤药物的模型的评价”Cancer Treatment Reports 65,No.3-4 PP.299-312(1981)一文中的描述)。将试验化合物及对照药物紫杉醇经静脉注射方式注入到小鼠体内,给每组小鼠注射不同剂量化合物,并用3或4个不同剂量水平来评价每个化合物,然后每日注视其存活,直至死亡或直至首次植入肿瘤后75天,无论哪个情况首先发生,每个实验保留一组小鼠不给药,作为对照组。每一或两周测一下肿瘤的大小,以mm为单位,估计其重量。按照文献提供的方法(文献同上)。
将化合物处理过的(T)小鼠与对照小鼠(C)的平均存活时间进行比较,将每个化合物处理组小鼠的2个值的比率乘上100,以百分数表示(即%T/C),结果见表II中代表性化合物的情况。另外,给药组与对照组有关肿瘤生长至18mm时平均时间的差异,以T-C值按天数表示(见表II所示),T-C值愈大,初级肿瘤生长的延迟性愈大。化合物显示出%T/C≥125%和/或T-C≥4.0天,就认为其在M109皮下模型上是有活性的。
表II
a.化合物每日静脉给药一次,在植入肿瘤后4,5,6和8天。b.化合物每日静脉给药一次,在植入肿瘤后5,6,7,8和9天。c.高剂量的结果是达到了寿命延长最大增加值;低剂量结果与引起肿瘤生长的最大延迟值有关。d.钠盐。
化合物 | 最大效应 | 剂 量(mg/kg/) | |
%T/C | T-C(天) | ||
实例1d紫杉醇实例3d紫 醇 | 131134160151 | 14.01418.815 | 45a48/24a.c24b18b |
在鼠和人体异种移植肿瘤模型上(对氯氨铂有抗药性的M109,A2780/cDDP-人体卵巢及HCT-116-人体结肠癌),以紫杉醇为阳性对照物对实例3化合物(作为三乙醇胺盐)进一步评价。A2780/cDDP模型参见Rose和Basler在In Vivo 1990,4:391-396中的叙述。HCT-116模型参见Rose和Basler,在In Vivo,1989,3:249-254中所述。在Balb/c小鼠每双周一次皮下注射M109,并将其皮下植入至CDF1小鼠体内进行抗肿瘤评价。A2780/cDDp及HCT-116在无胸腺小鼠体内生长2个阶段(每阶段2-3周),并进行治疗实验。将实例3化合物溶于水中经静脉注射给药,或溶于水中并加入几滴吐温80后经口服给药,紫杉醇或悬浮于水中(并加入吐温80),或溶于cremophore/乙醇(50%/50%)中并用盐水稀释。皮下植入M109肿瘤试验的治疗方案为植入肿瘤4天后开始给药,每天一次,连续给药5天。在人体肿瘤异种移植试验中,在引入肿瘤后开始服用化合物,每隔一日一次,当肿瘤出现时给药五次,剂量为50-100mg。
在M109实验中,实例3化合物经静脉注射给药后,可以达到最大值155%T/C(19天的T-C),剂量为36mg/kg/每次注射。(比较紫杉醇在以36或18mg/kg/每次注射时,最大值为132%T/C(13天的T-C))。在同样实验中,经口服给药时,实例3化合物剂量为160mg/kg/每次服用时,T/C最大值为158%(22.8天的T-C)。在同样剂量下,紫杉醇(高剂量,悬浮于水和吐温80中)未显示活性。在另一个M109实验中,实例3化合物在以48mg/kg/每次注射时,%T/C最大值为170(17天的T-C)。(比较紫杉醇在48或36mg/kg/每次注射时,%T/C最大值为167(14天的T-C))。在同样实验中,经口服给药,在以200mg/kg/每次服用时,实例3化合物%T/C最大值为172(17天的T-C),同时,将紫杉醇溶于cremophore/乙醇/盐水中,在以60mg/kg/每次注射时未显示活性。在该实验中,由于溶解度和毒性的因素,溶于cremophore/乙醇/盐水的紫杉醇不能以大于60mg/kg/每次注射的剂量给药。
在A2780/cDDP实验中,静脉注射实例3化合物以36mg/kg/每次注射时,显示T-C最大值为29.8天,(比较紫杉醇在以36mg/kg/每次注射时,T-C最大值为26.3天)。实例3化合物以160mg/kg/口服给药时T-C最大值为20天。在HCT-116实验中,静脉注射24或36mg/kg/次紫杉醇时,分别地为7只经处理的小鼠有6只治愈或8只经处理的小鼠中有6只治愈。且口服160或240mg/kg/次实例3化合物时,分别有6或7只小鼠被治愈(经处理的小鼠每组为8只)。治愈系指在植入肿瘤80天后,无肿瘤存在。
实例1化合物的三乙醇胺盐在M109及HCT-116模型的实验中,也被发现具有口服活性。
在本领域中普遍比较欣赏这样的情况,即当化合物采用特定盐形式时,其在抗肿瘤活性方面可以显示出某些(通常是较小的)变化。
式(A)紫杉烷衍生物的膦酰氧甲基醚的药物学上可接受的盐,与紫杉醇相比具有更好的水溶解性,因此更便利于药物配方。不受理论约束,可以相信本发明化合物的膦酰氧甲基醚是紫杉醇或其衍生物的前药;当与体内的磷酸酯结合生成母体化合物时,膦酰氧甲基基团即离去。
生物学部分II小鼠M109模型
给Balb/c×DBA/2 F1杂交小鼠皮下植入0.5ml 2%(W/V)的M109肺癌浆)(见William Rose在“对Madison 109肺癌作为筛选抗肿瘤药物模型的评价”,Cancer Treatment Reports,65,No.3-4(1981)中的描述。
在研究中通过腹膜内给予小鼠不同剂量的受试化合物,给药时间为肿瘤植入后1,5和9天,或在肿瘤植入后5和8天。然后每天注视小鼠存活至瘤植入后75天-90天。每个实验保留一组小鼠不给药作为对照组。
将化合物处理(T)小鼠与对照(c)小鼠的平均存活时间进行比较,每个化合物处理组小鼠的上述两值比率乘以100,且以百分数(即%T/C)来表示,见表III中式(B’)的代表性化合物。
表III
实例编号 | T/C(mg/kg/每次注射以天来表示) |
14b15 | 143(12;d.5+9 )192(8;d.5+9) |
如上所示,该即时的发明中式(A)和(B’)化合物为有效的抗肿瘤剂,因而可用作人类和/或兽用药物。因此,本发明的另一个方面的内容涉及用其来抑制人类和/或其它哺乳动物肿瘤的方法,包括给予肿瘤宿主有效抗肿瘤剂量的式(A)或(B’)化合物。
本发明中式(A)和(B’)化合物可以与紫杉醇相类似的方式来使用;因此,熟悉肿瘤治疗领域的肿瘤学家无需作过分的实验即可拿出服用本发明化合物的合适的治疗方案。本发明化合物的给药剂量、方式和时间并没有特殊限制,可以根据所给化合物而变化。因此本发明化合物可经任何合适的途径给药,较好的是非肠道途径,例如,剂量可以是约1-100mg/kg体重,或约20-500mg/m2的范围内。式(A)和(B’)化合物也可经口服给药,口服剂量可以在约5-500mg/kg体重的范围内。所用的实际剂量可根据特定组合物配方,给药途径,特定部位,宿主和待治肿瘤的类型来变化。在决定剂量时,许多影响药物作用的因素如年龄,体重,性别,饮食和患者的生理条件均需加以考虑。
本发明还提供了含有抗肿瘤剂量的式(A)或(B’)化合物与一种或多种药物学上可接受的载体,赋形剂,稀释剂或辅助剂相配伍的药物组合物(配方)。例如,紫杉醇或其衍生物配方实例可从美国专利申请No.4,960,790及4,814,470中找到,这些实例提供的方法可用于配制本发明化合物。例如,本发明化合物可以配制成片剂,丸剂,粉末混合物,胶囊,注射液,溶液,栓剂,乳化剂,分散剂,食品预混物和其它合适的形式。它们也可加工成无菌固体组合物,例如冷冻干燥,如有所需可配入其它药物学上可接受的赋形剂。在用于非肠道给药之前,这类固体组合物可用无菌水,生理盐水或水与有机溶液的混合物,如丙二醇,乙醇等配制,或在非肠道给药使用之前,即时配入某些其它无菌可注射介质。
典型的药物学上可接受的载体有,甘露糖醇,尿素,葡聚糖,乳糖,马铃薯或玉米淀粉,硬脂酸镁,滑石,植物油,聚亚烷基甘醇,乙基纤维素,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,碳酸钙,油酸乙酯,肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,苯甲酸苄酯,NaCO3,明胶,K2CO3,硅酸。药物制剂还可以含有无毒性的辅助物质,如乳化剂,防腐剂,加湿剂等,例如单月桂酸脱水山梨醇酯,三乙醇胺油酸盐,聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯,三棕榈酸甘油三酯,硫代琥珀酸二辛酯钠盐等等。
在下列实验操作中,如无特别说所有的温度均以摄氏(C)来表示。核磁共振(NMR)光谱特征参考化学位移(δ),其单位为ppm,以四甲基甲硅烷(TMS)作参比标准。在质子NMR光谱数据中各种化学位移的相对面积是与分子中特定功能团类型的氢原子数目相对应的。对于多样性的化学位移特征,分别报告为宽的单峰(bs),宽的双重峰(bd),宽的三重峰(bt),宽的四重峰(bq),单峰(s),多重峰(m),双重峰(d),四重峰(q),三重峰(t),双重双峰(dd),双重三峰(dt)及双重四峰(dq),用于进行NMR光谱分析的溶剂是丙酮-d6(氘化丙酮)。DMSO-d6(过氘化二甲基亚砜),D2O(氘化水),CDCl3(氘化氯仿)和其它常用的氘化溶剂。红外光谱(IR)描述仅包括具有功能基鉴定价值的吸收波数(cm-1)。
硅藻土(Celite)是Johns-Manville产品公司的注册商标。
此处所用的缩写是本领域中广泛使用的常规缩写。其中的某些缩写是:
MS(质谱);HRMS(高分辨质谱);Ac(乙酰基);Ph(苯基);V/V(体积/体积);FAB(快原子轰击);NOBA(间硝基苄基醇);min(分钟);h或hr(s)小时;NIS(N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺;BOC(叔丁氧羰基);CBZ或Cbz(苄氧羰基);Bn(苄基);Bz(苯甲酰基);TES(三乙基甲硅烷基);DMSO(二甲基亚砜);THF(四氢呋喃);HMDS(六甲基二硅氮烷)。
起始物质的制备
0℃下用吡啶(0.028ml,0.346mmol)和氯代甲酸三氯乙酯(0.0724ml,0.260mmol)对溶于干燥CH2Cl2(3.5ml)中的10-去乙酰基紫杉醇(140mg,0.173mmol)进行处理。在此温度下保持1小时后,除去冷浴,混合物于室温下搅拌过夜,蒸除溶剂,残渣经硅胶(30-50%溶于己烷中的乙酸乙酯)柱层析纯化,得标题化合物,其为泡沫状(92.3mg,46%)。进一步洗脱,得未反应的起始物(35mg,46%)。进一步洗脱,得未反应的起始物(35mg,25%),以及2’,10-O-双(2,2,2-三氯乙氧羰基)-10-去乙酰基紫杉醇,产率16%。(b)2’,7-O-双(2,2,2-三氯乙氧基羰基)-10-去乙酸基-11,12-二氢紫杉醇-10,12(18)-二烯
室温下,用1,1,-三氟-2-氯代三乙胺(0.0384ml,0.238mmol)处理溶于干燥CH2Cl2(2ml)中的得自步骤(a)的产品(92.3mg,0.079mmol)。溶液搅拌过夜,蒸除溶剂,残渣经柱层析纯化(25%的乙酸乙酯己烷溶液),得标题化合物,其为白色粉末(42.8mg,47.3%)。(c)10-去乙酸基-11,12-二氢紫杉醇-10,12(18)-二烯
将步骤(b)中的产品(39mg,0.034mmol),溶于甲醇(0.5ml)和乙酸(0.5ml)中,然后用酸洗过的锌粉末(66.4mg,1.020mmol)处理之。此浆状物在40℃下加热1小时,过滤,滤液蒸发。残渣进行层析,洗脱液为60%的乙酸乙酯己烷溶液,得标题化合物,其为泡沫状(22mg,81%)。(d)10-去乙酸基紫杉醇
常压且有Pd/C存在下(10%,14.7mg,0.014mmol Pd),对溶于乙酸乙酯(0.7ml)中的步骤(c)中的产品(22mg,0.028mmol)进行氢化。室温放置5.5小时后,过滤(用乙酸乙酯淋洗),蒸发,层析(60%的乙酸乙酯己烷溶液),得标题化合物(15.0mg,68%),其为白色泡沫状。
将二乙氨基硫三氟化物(DAST,18.7μl,0.141mmol)溶于干燥的CH2Cl2(0.5ml)中,将此溶液冷却至0℃,向其中加入2’-O-(苄氧羰基)紫杉醇(71mg,0.072mmol)的CH2Cl2溶液(1ml),溶液在0℃下保持30分钟,并在室温下保持4小时。加水(0.15ml)使反应终止,浓缩反应液至剩残渣。残渣经硅胶柱层析(以40%的乙酸乙酯己烷溶液做洗脱液)纯化,得61mg(产率85.7%)1∶1的标题化合物和2’-O-苄氧羰基-8-去甲基-7,8-环丙紫杉醇的混合物。(b)7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇
将步骤(a)中得到的产品混合物(89mg)溶于乙酸乙酯中(3ml),混合物在一个大气压的氢气且有Pd/C存在下(10%Pd,29mg,0.027mmol)温和搅拌。12小时后,去除溶剂,残渣经硅胶柱层析(以40%的乙酸乙酯己烷溶液作洗脱液)纯化,得67.7mg标题化合物,并随之生成8-去甲基-7,8-环丙紫杉醇。
下列HPLC方法用来分离7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇和8-去甲基-7,8-环丙紫杉醇。设备泵:PE泵列4柱:ShandonHypercarb(石墨碳),7μ,100×4.6mm,#59864750(
有关制备型柱子的信息可从Keystone Scientific,Bellefonte,
PA中得到)进样器:PEISS-100检测器:HP-1040M条件流动相:85∶15=CH2Cl2∶己烷
在惰性气体下,将2’-O-(苄氧羰基)紫杉醇(4g,4mmol)及干燥的甲苯(80ml)加到-个干燥烧瓶中。常温并搅拌下,将干燥四氢呋喃(16ml)滴加到其中直至生成无色溶液。将上述溶液在干冰/丙酮浴中冷却至-78℃,然后用二乙氨基硫三氟化物(DAST,1.2ml,2.5当量)处理之。搅拌混合物16小时,使之逐渐升至室温,过滤生成的悬浮液,滤液(用30ml乙酸乙酯稀释)用饱和NaHCO3水溶液,盐水洗涤,有机层用MgSO4干燥,浓缩得白色泡沫状粗品。粗品部分经硅胶柱层析(10%CH3CN/CH2Cl2)纯化,得1.45g 2’-O-(苄氧羰基)-7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇和2’-O-(苄氧羰基)-8-去甲基-7,8-环丙紫杉醇的混合物(82∶18混合物,1H-NMR鉴定)。
将上述混合物(1.45g,溶于乙酸乙酯(60ml),用Pd/C(300mg)处理,在每平方英寸50磅(psi)的氢气下振荡4小时。反应完毕后反应液经一短硅胶塞过滤并浓缩,得所需产品混合物,7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇和8-去甲基-7,8-环丙紫杉醇,为白色泡沫状(1.24g,Y:99%,90∶10的混合物,1H-NMR鉴定)。将此混合物溶于干燥CH2Cl2(30ml)中,用四丁基铵硼氢化物(745mg,2.9mmol,2当量)进行处理,搅拌6小时。用乙酸(1ml)终止反应,再加CH2Cl2(30ml)稀释,用饱和NaHCO3洗涤,有机层用MgSO4干燥并浓缩,粗品(取代的紫杉烷混合物)部分经硅胶柱层析(10%CH3CN/CH2Cl2)纯化,得90∶10 7-去氧-7-α-氟代浆果赤霉素III和8-去甲基-7,8-环丙浆果赤霉素III的混合物(510mg,60%)(1H-NMR鉴定),其为白色泡沫状,生成的泡沫物用热的异丙醇重结晶,得7-去氧-7α-氟代浆果赤霉素III(白色小针状结晶),产量:410mg;m.P 234-236℃(分解)。制备4.10-去乙酸基-7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇(a)α’-O-苄氧羰基-10-去乙酸基紫杉醇
依次用氯甲酸苄酯(0.0146ml,0.102mmol)及二异丙基乙基胺(0.0177ml,0.102mmol)处理溶于CH2Cl2(1ml)中的10-去乙酸基紫杉醇(27mg,0.034mmol)。反应混合物于0℃下搅拌45分钟,并于室温下搅拌12小时。蒸发,硅胶层析(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得25.5mg(产率81%)标题化合物,其为泡沫状。(b)10-去乙酸基-7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇
0℃下用DAST(0.007ml,0.055mmol)对溶于CH2Cl2(0.8ml)中的步骤(a)中的产品(25.5mg,0.028mmol)进行处理,0℃下反应45min,室温下再反应5小时。蒸除溶剂,层析,得2’-O-苄氧羰基-7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇,其为粗泡沫状。将此化合物溶于乙酸乙酯(1ml)中,室温下,在Pd/c(10%,8.9mg)存在且氢气压力1大气压下温和搅拌12小时。过滤除去催化剂,产品经硅胶柱层析,得10mg(产率:两步共40%)标题化合物,其为泡沫状。制备5.10-去乙酰基-7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇
将2’,10-O-双(2,2,2-三氯乙氧羰基)-10-去乙酰基紫杉醇(120mg,0.103mmol)的CH2Cl2(2ml)溶液冷却至0℃,用DAST(0.0266ml,0.207mmol)处理之。溶液于0℃下搅拌30分钟,室温搅拌4小时。加水(0.05ml)终止反应,浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱层析(30%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得81mg(产率68%)2’,10-O-双(2,2,2-三氯乙氧羰基)-7-去氧-7α-氟代紫杉醇,其为泡沫状。将此化合物(63mg,0.054mmol)溶于甲醇(0.5ml)和乙酸(0.5ml)中,45℃下,用锌粉(104mg,1.62mmol)处理90分钟。过滤,滤液浓缩,残渣进行硅胶柱层析(40%己烷/60%乙酸乙酯),得38mg(产率:86%)标题化合物,其为白色固体。制备6.7-去氧浆果赤霉素III(a)7-O-〔(甲硫基)硫代羰基〕浆果赤霉素III
将浆果赤霉素III(750mg,1.278mmol)溶于干燥四氢呋喃(20ml)中,一次加入咪唑(8.7mg,0.128mmol)。室温下,向其中加入氢化钠(溶于50%矿物油中,77mg,1.597mmol)。当出气泡停止后(10分钟),立即加入二硫化碳(4.6ml),室温3小时后,用碘甲烷(0.238ml,3.835mmol)处理此黄色溶液,并搅拌过夜。用乙酸乙酯和水提取,得标题化合物,其为粗品油。替代操作:
将浆果赤霉素III(394mg,0.672mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(5ml)和二硫化碳(1ml)中,向其中加入氢化钠(40.3mg,60%,1.009mmol),然后加入催化剂量的咪唑。反应物于室温下搅拌1.5小时,加入碘甲烷(122.8μl,2.016mmol),40分钟后,真空蒸除溶剂,残渣经硅胶柱层析(20%-50%-60%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得标题化合物(260mg,产率:57.2%),随这有7-表浆果赤霉素(98.5mg,25%)产生。(b)7-O-〔(甲硫基)硫代羰基〕-13-O-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素III
将步骤(a)中的粗品油状物溶于干燥的二甲基甲酰胺(5ml)中,室温下用咪唑(870mg,12.78mmol)和三乙基甲硅烷基氯化物(2.10ml,12.78mmol)处理15小时,加水,然后用乙酸乙酯提取。有机层用水充分洗涤,干燥,硅胶闪式层析(20%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得标题化合物,其为玻璃状固体(产量209mg,两步合计产率20%)。替代操作
将步骤(a)中得到的产品(193.4mg,0.286mmol)溶于干燥二甲基甲酰(2.86ml),向此溶液中加入咪唑(77.9mg,1.14mmol),然后加三乙基甲硅烷氯化物(192μl,1.14mmol),反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,12小时后,用乙酸乙酯(150ml)稀释混合物,有机层用水洗涤(3×10ml),再用盐水(1×10ml)洗涤,干燥,真空浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/己烷)得标题产品(163mg,产率72.0%)。(c)7-去氧-13-O-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素III
在三丁基锡氢化物(0.310ml,1.150mmol)和2,2’-偶氮双异丁腈(AIBlN,10mg)的存在下,将步骤(b)中产品(182mg,0.230mmol)的干燥苯溶液(5ml)加热至80℃。3小时后,冷却,真空蒸除溶剂,残渣硅胶柱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/己烷)得标题化合物,其为油状。(d)7-去氧浆果赤霉素III
将步骤(c)中产品溶于四氢呋喃中(5ml),室温下用四丁基铵氟化物(1M,溶于四氢呋喃,0.50ml,0.50mmol)对其进行处理2小时,乙酸乙酯稀释,水及盐水洗涤,硅胶柱层析(1∶1=乙酸乙酯∶己烷),得标题化合物,其为玻璃状固体(63mg,Y:两步合并收率58%)。制备7.10-去乙酸浆果赤霉素III(a)10-去乙酰基-10-O-(五氟苯氧基)硫代羰基-7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素III
将7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(参见Greene等人J.Am.Chem.Soc.,110,p.5917,1988)(319mg,0.485mmol)溶于干燥的四氢呋喃(5ml)中,冷却至-40℃,用正丁基锂(1.58M的己烷溶液0.384ml,0.606mmol)处理之。此温度下保持40分钟后,通过注射加入氟硫代羰基甲酸五氟代苯酯(0.086ml,0.536mmol),混合物于-20℃下搅拌90分钟,加入饱和NH4Cl溶液终止反应,乙酸乙酯提取,乙酸乙酯层干燥,浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱层析(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得标题化合物(320mg,产率74%)。(b)10-去乙酸基-7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素III
将步骤(a)中的产品(119mg,0.135mmol)溶于干燥甲苯(3ml)中,用AIBN(2mg),溶液用干燥氮气脱气,然后加入三丁基锡氢化物(0.055ml,0.202mmol)。随后,加热至90℃,维持1小时。蒸除溶剂,残渣经硅胶柱层析纯化(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得标题化合物(87mg,y:99%),其为无色泡沫状。(c)10-去乙酸基浆果赤霉素III
将步骤(b)中的产品(120mg,0.187mmol)溶于乙腈(3.5ml)中,冷却至-10℃。加入浓HCl(36%,0.060ml),溶液搅拌30分钟,用乙酸乙酯稀释(75ml),饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩,残渣经闪式硅胶层析(70%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得10-去乙酸基浆果赤霉素III,其为泡沫状(75mg,产率:76%)。制备8.10-去乙酸基-7-去氧浆果赤霉素III(a)7-O-〔(甲硫基)硫代羰基〕-10-去乙酸基浆果赤霉素III
将10-去乙酸基浆果赤霉素III(75mg,0.142mmol)溶于干燥THF(2ml)和二硫化碳(0.5ml)中。加入氢化钠(60%矿物油溶液,8.5mg,0.213mmol),混合物于室温下搅拌2小时,加入碘甲烷(0.026ml,0.426mmol),放置过夜,蒸除溶剂,残渣经硅胶柱层析纯化(50-70%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得标题化合物,其为泡沫状(46.4mg,y:53%)。(b)10-去乙酸基-7-去氧-浆果赤霉素III
在AIBN(2mg)和三丁基锡氢化物(0.079ml,0.290mmol),且有氩气存在下,使步骤(a)中的产品(36mg,0.058mmol)在苯(1ml)中回流3小时。浓缩,残渣经闪式柱层析(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,再经HPLC(高压液相层析)分离,得标题化合物,其为泡沫状(16.8mg,Y:56%)。替代操作
向7-O-〔(甲硫基)硫代羰基〕-13-O-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素III(制备I步骤(b)中的产品,416.3mg,0.527mmol)的干燥甲苯(10.5ml)溶液中加入催化剂量的AIBN,反应溶液用干燥N2脱气5分钟,加入三丁基锡氢化物(708.7μl,2.63mmol),加热至100℃,维持2小时,再加入另一部分三丁基锡氢化物(425.3μl,1.581mmol),混合物于100℃下加热5.5小时,冷却至室温,硅胶柱层析(20%乙酸乙酯/己烷)得7-去氧-10-去乙酸基-13-O-(三乙基甲硅烷基)浆果赤霉素III(320mg,Y:97%)。
室温下,向上述步骤中得到的产品(160mg,0.255mmol)的THF(2ml)溶液中加入四丁基铵氟化物(766μl,1M,0.766mmol),混合物于室温下搅拌1小时,蒸除溶剂,残渣经硅胶柱层析(50-70%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得标题化合物(115mg,Y:87.9%)制备9.(3R,4S)-1-t-丁氧羰基-4-苯基-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮
搅拌,0℃且有氩气存在下,向(3R,4S)-4-苯基-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮(2.200g,7.92mmol)的干燥THF(25ml)溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(1.65ml,9.510mmol,1.2当量)。搅拌5分钟,加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(2.080g,9.510mmol,1.2当量)和4-二甲基氨基吡啶(193.6mg,1.581mmol,0.20当量)。0℃下混合物搅拌60分钟,用乙酸乙酯(25ml)稀释,生成的溶液依次用盐水,10%NaHCO3,10%HCl洗涤,MgSO4干燥,浓缩,得粗品油状化合物,化合物进一步经硅胶闪式层析(15%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得标题化合物,其为白色固体(2.4g,Y:83%)。制备10.(±)-顺-3-乙酸基-4-苯基氮杂环丁-2-酮(a)向一个配有温度针,磁力搅拌器和滴液漏斗的1L三颈瓶(圆底)中加入三苯甲醛缩二氨(30.00g,100.5mmol)和乙酸乙酯(150ml)。搅拌并有氩气层下,反应物冷却至5℃,加入三乙胺(16.8ml,121mmol)。然后在90分钟内向其中滴加乙酸基乙酰氯(12.4ml,116mmol)的乙酸乙酯(300ml)溶液。此温度下保持16小时后,反应混合物加热至20℃(1.5小时),然后转入一个分液漏斗中,有机层依次用NH4Cl(饱和)(150ml,100ml),NaHCO3(饱和)(120ml)和盐水(120ml)洗涤。为了鉴定,标题化合物可在此步分离出来,具体操作是:有机层MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空蒸除溶剂,定量得到(±)-顺-3-乙酸基-1-〔(苯基)(亚苄基亚氨基)甲基〕-4-苯基氮杂环丁-2-酮粗品,其为红色玻璃状。(b)在氩气流存在下,将步骤(a)中得到的化合物的乙酸乙酯(500ml)溶液小心地转移至2.0LParr烧瓶中,该烧瓶含有10%Pd/C(活性)(6.00g)。混合物用氢气(4atm)处理20小时,然后用硅藻土垫板过滤,除去催化剂。滤饼溶于乙酸乙酯(200ml),搅拌(10分钟),过滤。滤饼用乙酸乙酯淋洗(100ml),滤液合并。有机层用10%HCl(300ml)洗涤,两层均通过烧结玻璃漏斗过滤,除去白色沉淀(二苄胺-HCl),后者用乙酸乙酯淋洗(100ml)。分出有机层,再用10%HCl(200ml)洗涤,合并上述两次10%HCl洗涤液,用乙酸乙酯(200ml)提取,然后合并有机层,用NaHCO3(饱和)(300ml)和盐水(250ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,过滤,真空浓缩至体积为75ml,将此混合物冷却至4℃,过滤分出沉淀的产品,滤饼用己烷(200ml)洗涤得16.12g标题化合物(从三苯甲醛缩二氨起计全部产率78.1%),其为白色针状,mp=150-151℃。制备11.(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)-N-叔丁氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮(a)按照制备10,部分(a)中所描述的方法,除了用糠醛胺〔即,2-呋喃基-CH-(N=CH-2-呋喃基)2〕代替三苯甲醛缩二氨,反应物用量为18.6mmol(与100mmol比较),因此糠醛胺(5.00g,18.6mmol),三乙胺(3.11ml,22.3mmol)及乙酸基乙酰氯(2.30ml,21.4mmol)得到6.192g(Y:90.4%)(±)顺-3-乙酸基-1-〔(2-呋喃基)(2-呋喃基亚甲基亚氨基)甲基〕-4-(2-呋喃基)氮杂环丁-2-酮,其为灰红色浆状。(b)按照制备10部分(b)中所描述的方法,除了产品用制备TLC分离,反应物的用量为2.7mmol(以糠醛胺最初的量为基础)。因此,将上述步骤(a)中得到粗品重新溶于乙酸乙酯(50ml),然后加入10%Pd/C(活性炭(150mg)。通过制备TLC(2mm硅胶,1∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化粗品固体,得386mg(从糠醛胺开始全部收率计65.8%)(±)-顺-3-(乙酸基)-4-(2-呋喃基)氮杂环丁-2-酮,其为黄色固体,然后用乙酸乙酯/■和橹亟峋■m.p=118-119℃(c)将上述步骤(b)中得到的化合物(3.78g,19.4mmol)溶于60ml甲醇,然后与K2CO3(20mg,0.14mmol)一起搅拌90分钟,溶液用Dowex 50W-X8中和并过滤,浓缩滤液,残渣溶于80ml无水THF中,在0℃下与咪唑(1.44g,21.2mmol)和TESCl(3.4ml,20.2mmol)一起搅拌30分钟,溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,浓缩。残渣经硅胶柱层析(3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得4.47g(Y:86%)(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)-氮杂环丁-2-酮,其为无色油状物。(d)将步骤(c)中的产品(2.05g,7.7mmol)溶于30ml CH2Cl2中,在0℃下与二异丙基乙基胺(1.5ml,8.6mmol)和二碳酸二叔丁酯(2.0g,9.2mmol)以及催化剂量的二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)一起搅拌。溶液用CH2Cl2稀释,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶柱层析(8∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得2.0g(Y:70%)标题化合物,其为蜡状固体。
使用脂酶,如PS-30(得自Pseudomonas sp.)(Amano国际公司),以步骤(b)中得到的外消旋混合物作酶催化水解底物,可以得到(3R,4R)-3-羟基-4-(2-呋喃基)-氮杂环丁-2-酮。用脂酶PD-30和其他酶进行酶拆分的方法在我们同期专利申请U.S.S.N 092,170,Jul.14,1993中已公开发表,在此可用作参考。
按照步骤(c)和(d)的方法,使用(3R,4R)-3-羟基-4-(2-呋喃基)-氮杂环丁-2-酮,得到(3R,4R)-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)氮杂环丁-2-酮。制备12(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-(2-噻吩基)-N-叔丁氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮(a)按照制备10步骤(a)的操作,除了用氢化噻吩酰胺〔即2-噻吩基-CH-(N=CH-2-噻吩基)2〕代替三苯甲缩醛二氨。因此以氢化噻吩酰胺(30g,94.7mmol),三乙胺(15.84ml,114mmol)和乙酸基乙酰氯(11.6ml,108mmol)作起始物,得到(±)顺-3-乙酸基-1-〔(2-噻吩基)(2-三烯基亚甲基亚氨基)甲基〕-4-(2-噻吩基)氮杂环丁-2-酮,其为粘稠油状物。(b)于25℃,搅拌下向步骤(a)中产品(0.431g,1.03mmol)的CH2Cl2(2.93ml)溶液中加入乙酸(0.35ml冰醋酸和0.15ml水)的70%水溶液。反应混合物回流搅拌2.5小时,用50mlCH2Cl2稀释,用2份饱和NaHCO3(各75ml)及1份饱和盐水(50ml)洗涤,有机提取物真空浓缩至-棕色油状物,将其溶于极少量的CH2Cl2中,然后放置在一个4″×0.5″的硅胶柱上,以10-60%乙酸乙酯/己烷溶液进行梯度洗脱,先得少量极性副产品,然后得(±)顺-3-乙酸基-4-(2-噻吩基)氮杂环丁-2-酮(0.154g,Y:75%),其为白色固体。(c)将步骤(b)中得到的产品(2.5g,11.8mmol)溶干甲醇(10ml)中,用饱和NaHCO3(10ml)处理,生成物在室温下搅拌3小时。乙酸乙酯(20ml)稀释,水(15ml)洗涤,水层用乙酸乙酯反复提取几次,合并有机层,MgSO4干燥,浓缩得黄色固体(Y:1.7g)。将粗品溶于干燥THF(20ml)中,用冰/水浴冷却至5℃,加入咪唑(752mg,1.1当量),搅拌5分钟后,滴加三乙基氯硅烷(1.85ml,1.1当量)。生成的悬浮液在该温度下搅拌3小时,过滤除去固体,有机层水洗(2×20ml),MgSO4干燥,浓缩,粗品经硅胶柱层析(己烷/乙酸乙酯7∶3)纯化,得(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-(2-噻吩基)-氮杂环丁-2-酮,其为无色固体(1.5g,Y:45%),m.p.70-71℃。替代操作
将步骤(b)得到的产品(2.0g,9.37mmol)的40ml甲醇溶液与K2CO3(60mg,0.43mmol)一起搅拌30分钟,然后用Dowex 50W-X8中和并过滤。浓缩滤液,残渣溶于50ml无水THF中,并与咪唑(0.85g,11.3mmol)和TESCl(1.9ml,12.5mmol)在0℃下搅拌30分钟。乙酸乙酯稀释,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,浓缩,残渣经硅胶层析(3∶1=己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得2.13g(Y:86%)标题化合物,其为无色油状物。(d)将步骤(c)中产品(425.7mg,1.48mmol)溶于CH2Cl2(10ml)中,用冰/水浴冷却至5℃,用催化剂量的DMAP处理溶液,然后再先后用二异丙基乙基胺(TESCl,0.25ml,1.0当量)和二碳酸二叔丁酯(388.4mg,1.2当量)处理。此温度下搅拌2小时后,加饱和NaHCO3溶液终止反应(5ml),有机层用水(5ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,溶液通过一个短硅胶填充塞,浓缩,得所需产品,其为无色油状物(525.3mg,Y:93%)。制备13.(3R,4R)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)-N-正丁氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮
将(3R,4R)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧-4-(2-呋喃基)氮杂环丁-2-酮(0.58g,2.17mmol)的30ml CH2Cl2溶液与二异丙基乙基胺(0.4ml,2.30mmol)和氯代甲酸丁酯(0.3ml,2.36mmol)以及催化剂量的DMAP一起搅拌1小时,用CH2Cl2稀释,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱层析纯化(3∶1=己烷/乙酸乙酯),得523mg产品(Y:65%);
IR(KBr)1820,1734,1318,1018,734cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ7.38(m,1H),6.35(m,2H),5.09(ABq,J=15.5,5.6Hz,2H),4.14(m,2H),1.56(m,2H),1.28(s,2H),0.87(t,J=8.7Hz,3H),0.82(t,J=7.9,9H),0.50(m,6H);13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ165.4,149.1,147.6,142.9,110.5,109.9,77.7,66.6,55.9,30.5,18.8,13.6,6.3,4.3;C18H29NO5Si的DCIMS M+H:理论值,368;实测值:368。制备14.(3R,4R)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)-N-异丙氧基羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮
将(3R,4R)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)氮杂环丁-2-酮(0.51g,1.91mmol)的25ml CH2Cl2溶液与二异丙基乙基胺(0.78ml,4.4mmol)及氯代甲酸异丙酯(4.0ml,1.0M的甲苯溶液,4.0mmol)以及催化剂量的DMAP一起搅拌1小时,CH2Cl2稀释,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶柱层析(5∶1=己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得649mg标题化合物(Y:96%);C17H28NO5Si的DCIMS M+H:理论值:354;实测值:354。
IR(KBr)1822,1812,1716,1374,1314,1186,1018,1004,746cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ7.39(m,1H),6.35(m,2H),5.08(ABq,J=15.6,5.6Hz,2H),4.96(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),1.25(d,J=6.3Hz,3H),1.17(d,J=6.3Hz,3H)),0.83(t,J=7.8,9H),0.50(m,6H);13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ165.5,148.6,147.8,142.9,110.5,109.9,77.6,71.1,55.9,21.7,21.6,6.3,4.4;制备15.(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-异丁烯基-N-叔丁氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮(a)N-4-甲氧基-N-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)苯胺
将对茴香胺(5.7g,46.3mmol)溶于二乙醚(100ml)中,用催化剂量的对甲苯磺酸(10mg)进行处理,向其中一次加入3-甲基-2-丁烯醛(2.67ml,50.9mmol),反应物在室温下搅拌16小时,用旋转蒸发器蒸除溶剂(压力0.5torr),得所需亚胺(8.7g,100%),其为棕色油状物;1H NMR 300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.38(d,1H,J=9.5Hz),7.11(dd,2H,J=2.2,6.7Hz),6.88(dd,2H,J=2.2,6.7Hz),6.22-6.18(m,1H),3.81(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),1.95(s,3H).(b)(±)-顺-N-(4-甲氧苯基)-3-乙酸基-4-异丁烯基氮杂环丁-2-酮
将乙酸基乙酰基氯化物(6.9g,50.5mmol)溶于乙酸乙酯(100ml)中,在氮气氛下冷却至-30℃。5分钟内向溶液中加入三乙胺(7.0ml,50.5mmol)。生成的白色浆状物用N-4-甲氧基-N-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)苯胺(8.7g,40ml)的乙酸乙酯溶液处理(在20分钟内将后者滴加进前者中)。生成的绿-棕色浆状物在4小时内逐渐升至室温,经硅藻土垫板过滤,依次用水和盐水洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥浓缩,得棕色油。粗产品小心地经硅胶层析(己烷/乙酸乙酯8∶2)纯化,得橙色油状物,放置后固化,用CH2Cl2/乙烷重结晶得所需产品,其为灰黄色固体(4.4g,32%);
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.32(d,2H,J=9.1Hz),6.86(d,2H,J=9.1Hz),5.59(dd,1H,J=3.0,7.8Hz),5.14-5.10(m,1H),4.96(dd,1H,J=4.8,9.3Hz),3.77(s,3H),2.11(s,3H,),1.81(s,3H),1.78(s,3H).(c)(±)-顺-3-酸基-4-异丁烯基氮杂环丁-2-酮
将(±)-顺-N-(4-甲氧苯基)-3-乙酸基-4-异丁烯基氮杂环丁-2-酮(4.88g,16.2mmol)溶于乙腈(50ml)中,用冰浴冷却至0-5℃。向此溶液中一次加入硝酸铵高铈(26.6g,48.6mmol 50ml)的冷溶液。将此深红色反应物搅拌10分钟,在此期间其颜色逐渐变浅至橙色,将冷溶液转入分液漏斗,水稀释,乙酸乙酯提取,有机层用10%Na2S水溶液分几次洗涤,然后用饱和NaHCO3洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥,浓缩,得所需产品(2.71g,91%),其为黄橙色固体,直接可用于下一步反应;
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ6.11(bs,1H),5.73(dd,1H,J=2.2,4.7Hz),5.12-5.08(m,1H),4.63(dd,1H,4.7,9.1Hz),2.09(s,3H),1.75(s,3H),1.67(s,3H).
(±)-顺-3-乙酰氧基-4-异丁烯基氮杂环丁-2-酮(1.47g,8.0mmol)溶于甲醇(15ml)中,然后在室温下与K2CO3(110.5mg,0.8mmol)一起搅拌3小时。用Dowex 50W-X8树脂中和反应溶液,过滤。滤液浓缩,将粗品固体溶于THF(25ml)中,冰浴冷却至5℃,加入咪唑(544.0mg,8.0mmol),一旦溶解后,通过注射方法滴加三乙基甲硅烷基氯化物(1.34ml,8.0mmol)。生成的浆状物逐渐升温至室温并搅拌过夜。过滤,滤液用水和盐水洗涤,有机层经MgSO4干燥,浓缩。粗品固体经硅胶柱层析(己烷/乙酸乙酯3∶1)纯化,得所需产品(612mg,30%),其为灰黄色固体;
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ5.87(bs,1H),5.31-5.26(m,1H),4.90(dd,1H,J=2.2,4.7Hz),4.42(dd,1H,J=4.7,9.3Hz),1.74(s,3H),1.28(s,3H),0.98-0.91(m,9H),0.71-0.55(m,6H)(e)(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-异丁烯基-N-叔丁氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮
将(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-异丁烯基氮杂环丁-2-酮(1.01g,3.95mmol)溶于CH2Cl2(20ml)中,然后用二异丙基乙基胺(0.68ml,3.95mmol)和催化剂量的二甲基氨基吡啶处理之。向此溶液中加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(1.02g,4.68mmol),使之在室温下搅拌24小时。再用CH2Cl2稀释,水和盐水洗涤,有机层经MgSO4干燥并浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱层析(8∶2=己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得所需产品(1.26g,90%),其为无色油状物;
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ5.24(d,1H,J=9.6Hz),4.86(d,1H,J=5.7Hz),4.72(dd,1H,J=6.0,9.9Hz),1.78(d,3H,J=1.1Hz),1.75(d,3H,J=1.1Hz),1.47(s,9H),0.96-0.91(m,9H),0.64-0.55(m,6H).
上述制备9.11(d),12(d),13,14和15(e)所描述的方法可以用来制备其它N-取代的氮杂环丁酮类化合物(其对于制备本发明化合物是有用的)。
这类氮杂环丁酮列于下表中;P代表羟基保护基,如三乙基甲硅烷基,三异丙基甲硅烷基和乙氧基乙基。
制备16. 10-去氧taxotere
L | R4(O)p | R6 |
Cl | Ph | 4-CH3O-Ph-3,4-diCH3O-Ph-Ph-4-F-Ph-4-CF3-Ph-2-呋喃基2-呋喃基PhCH=CH-2-呋喃基-CH=CH-(CH3)2CHCH2-C6H11-CH2-(CH3)2CH-PhCH2CH2-C6H11-CH2CH2-CH3CH2CH2-4-Cl-Ph2-F-Ph3-F-Ph4-CH3-Ph(CH3)2C=CH |
L | R4(O)p | R5 |
Cl | 4-CH3O-Ph- | 3,4-diCH3O-Ph-4-C F3-Ph-2-呋喃基PhCH=CH-(CH3)2CHCH2-C6H11-CH2-PhCH2CH2- |
(CH3)3COCO2- | (CH3)3CO- | 4-CH3O-Ph-4-F-Ph-4-CF3-Ph-PhCH=CH-(CH3)2CH-PhCH2CH2-C6H11-CH2CH2-CH3CH2CH2- |
Cl | CH3- | 4-CH3O-Ph-Ph-4-F-Ph-2-呋喃基2-呋喃基-CH=CH-PhCH2CH2-C6H11-CH2CH2-CH3CH2CH2- |
在氩气存在下,将10-去乙酸基-7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素III(100mg,0.156mmol)置于烧瓶中,然后溶于干燥的THF(1.5ml)中。冷却至-40℃后,滴加正丁基锂(1.45M己烷溶液,0.119ml,0.17mmol),再在2分钟内加入(3R,4S)-1-叔丁氧羰基-4-苯基-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮(94.2mg,0.25mmol)的THF溶液(0.5ml)。混合物立即升温至0℃,搅拌45分钟,然后用饱和NH4Cl(3ml)终止反应。用乙酸乙酯提取混合物,干燥,浓缩,硅胶柱层析(30%乙酸乙酯/己烷)得10-去氧-2,7-O-(三乙基甲硅烷基)taxotere,其为泡沫状(125mg,Y:76%)。-5℃下,此化合物(100mg,0.098mmol)立即溶于乙腈(2ml)中,用HCl(0.037ml,36%,12M)处理,混合物在-5℃下搅拌2小时,用饱和NaHCO3终止反应,乙酸乙酯提取并干燥。蒸除溶剂,硅胶柱层析(75%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得标题化合物,其为泡沫状(80.5mg,Y:80%)。
以其它合适的浆果赤霉素III和氮杂环丁酮成份作起始物,按照实例16提供的一般操作方法,可以制备其它式(Ia)化合物;式(Ia)化合物的其它例子列于下表中。应该认识到,尽管下列所示化合物带有游离羟基基团,或带有各种明智选择的羟基保护基团,在2’-,7-或10-位上的任一保护基团可被选择性地除去且不影响其它保护基的存在。
制备17.双(甲基硫甲基)醚
R2 | R2a | R3a | R4(O)p | R6 |
H | OH | AcO | Ph | 4-CH3O-Ph-3,4-diCH3O-Ph-Ph-4-F-Ph-4-C F3-Ph-2-呋喃基2-噻吩基PhCH=CH-2-呋喃基-CH=CH-(CH3)2CHCH2-C6H11-CH2-(CH3)2CH-PhCH2CH2-C6H11-CH2CH2-CH3CH2CH2-4-Cl-Ph2-F-Ph3-F-Ph4-CH3-Ph |
R2 | R2a | R3a | R4(O)p | R5 |
H | OH | OH | (CH3)3CO | 4-CH3O-Ph-Ph4-F-Ph-4-CF3-Ph-2-呋喃基2-噻吩基PhCH=CH-C6H11-CH2-(CH3)2CH-PhCH2CH2- |
OH | H | Ph | 4-CH3O-Ph-3,4-diCH3O-Ph-4-F-Ph-4-CF3-Ph-2-呋喃基2-噻吩基PhCH=CH-2-furanyl-CH=CH-(CH3)2CHCH2-C6H11-CH2-(CH3)2CH-PhCH2CH2-C6H11-CH2CH2-CH3CH2CH2- |
R2 | R2a | R3a | R4(O)p | R5 |
H | H | (CH3)3CO | 4-CH3O-Ph-3,4-diCH3O-Ph-Ph-4-F-Ph-4-CF3-Ph-2-呋喃基2-噻吩基PhCH=CH-2-furanyl-CH=CH-(CH3)2CHCH2-C6H11-CH2-(CH3)2CH-PhCH2CH2-C6H11-CH2CH2-CH3CH2CH2- | |
H | OH | AcO | 2-萘基4-OH-Ph4-CH3O-Ph4-F-Ph(CH3)3CO-CH3-(CH3)2CH-CH2=CHCH2-4-Cl-Ph | Ph |
F | H | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | Ph |
F | H | OH | Ph | Ph |
R2 | R3a | R3a | R4(O)p | R6 |
H | H | AcO | Ph | 4-CH3O-Ph-3,4-diCH3O-Ph-Ph-4-F-Ph-4-C F3-Ph-2-呋喃基2-噻吩基PhCH=CH-2-呋喃基CH=CH-(CH3)2CHCH2-C6H11-CH2-(CH3)2CH-PhCH2CH2-C6H11-CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2- |
CH3SCH2OCH2SCH3
0℃下,将NaI(8.23g,55.23mmol)加到1,1’-二氯二甲基醚(3.0g,26.3mmol)的丙酮(100ml)溶液中,混合物在此温度下搅拌20分钟,将硫代甲醇钠(1.84g,5.23mmol)分四份加入其中,再搅拌1小时。生成的均匀溶液经硅藻土垫板过滤,滤液真空浓缩,残余油状物在乙酸乙酯和饱和NaHCO3之间分配,除去水层,再用乙酸乙酯提取。合并有机层,用1∶1的饱和NaHCO3和5%硫代硫酸钠混合物处理之。用盐水洗涤有机层,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,残渣经闪式层析(30∶1=己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得1.9g黄色油状物,后者用Kugelrhor仪器(120-130℃,20mmHg)进行蒸馏,得1.5g(45%)标题化合物,其为无色油状物:1HNMR(300MHZ,CDCl3)δ4.73(4H,S),2.15(6H,S)制备18.二苄基甲基硫代甲基磷酸酯
CH3SCH2OP(O)(OBz)2
室温下,向双(甲基硫代甲基)醚(30mg,2.34mmol)和分子筛(300mg)的THF(100ml)溶液中加入二苄基磷酸酯(2.74g,9.85mmol),再加-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(608mg,2.71mmol),溶液搅拌4小时。反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,经硅藻土垫报过滤,滤液用1∶1(V∶V)饱和NaHCO3和5%硫代硫酸钠的混合物处理,无色有机提取物用盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,得600mg(69%)的标题化合物:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.35(10H,s),5.29(2H,d,J=12.2Hz),5.08(4H,dd,J=8.0,1.0Hz),4.68(2H,s),2.10(3H,s).实例
下列实例将说明本发明中有代表性化合物的合成方法,且不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。熟知本领域的可以采用这些方法(不用再做实验)合成本发明范围内的化合物,而这些化合物在本专利申请范围内但并没有特地提及。实例17-O-膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇和其单钠盐(a)7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇的制备
0℃下,将过氧化苯甲酰(0.98g,4mmol)加到剧烈搅拌下的紫杉醇(0.85g,1mmol)和二甲硫醚(0.72ml,8mmol)的干燥乙腈(10ml)溶液的混合物中,0℃下继续搅拌2.5小时。反应的进展情况用硅胶TLC(甲苯∶丙酮=2∶1(V∶V))监测(Rftax=0.38,Rf-prod=0.64),当观察到有高流动性的产品形成后,蒸除溶剂终止反应,(用旋转蒸发器,30℃)。TLC分析显示反应混合物中有部分未反应的紫杉醇存在,另有2’,7-O-双(甲基硫代甲基)紫杉醇。用闪式柱层析(硅胶60(40-63μm)EM Science(100ml),柱直径2英寸,洗脱液∶乙酸乙酯/己烷=1∶1(V∶V)(Rfprod=0.34))从混合物中分离出标题化合物。产品(552mg,60%产率,从组份12-18(每份20ml)回收得到。元素分析:
C:64.28(calc.64.39),H:5.85(calc.6.07),N:1.46(calc.1.53)MS(FAB/matrix NOBA,NaI,KI):[M+H]+,m/z 914;[M+Na]+,m/z 936;[M+K]+,m/z 952UV(MeOH):λmax=226nm,E(1%/1cm)=150,A=0.2653IR(KBr):3432,3066,2940,1726,1668,1602,1582,1514,1484,1452,1372,1242,1178,1142,1108,1068,1026,990,916,884,852,802,774,710,608,570,538,482cm-1.1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.15(3H,s),1.19(3H,s),1.73(3H,s),1.79(H,s),1.90(3H,d),2.09(3H,s),2.16(3H,s),2.29(2H,d),2.35(3H,s),2.77(H,m),3.70(H,d),3.83(H,d),4.17(H,d),4.26(H,m,overlapswith H,d),4.63(2H,t),4.77(H,dd),4.91(H,d),5.65(H,d),5.77(H,dd),6.16(H,dd),6.48(H,s),7.07(H,d),7.29-7.50(10H,m),7.57(H,m),7.73(2H,d),8.08(2H,d).(b)7-O-二苄基膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇的制备
将N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(45mg,0.2mM)和二苄基磷酸酯(55mg,0.2mM)的干燥THF(4ml)溶液加到7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇(119mg,0.13mM)和粉末状分子筛4A(ca.120mg)的干燥1,2-二氯乙烷(5ml)溶液的混合物中,室温搅拌16小时,反应进展情况用TLC(甲苯∶丙酮=2∶1(V∶V))监测(Rfprod=0.48),经硅藻土545过滤,除去分子筛,滤液用CH2Cl2(100ml)提取,有机层经1%的硫代硫酸钠(ca.100ml)和0.5M NaHCO3(100ml)以及盐水洗涤,提取液经Whatman相分离器过滤,蒸除溶剂,经闪式柱层析(硅胶60,CH2Cl2∶乙酸乙酯=2∶1(V∶V))纯化,得7-O-二苄基膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇(41.5mg)。(c)7-O-膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇及其单钠盐的制备
将7-O-二苄基膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇(41.5mg)溶于乙酸乙酯中(5ml),加入10%Pd/C(20mg)。在室温40PSI(275KPa)下氢化1小时,用TLC(氯仿∶甲醇∶水=120∶45∶8(V∶V))监测反应的进展情况,经制备TLC(20×20×0.05cm硅胶板,属于分析系统)纯化,得7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(26mg,75%产率)。
由于在硅胶纯化过程中观察到7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的分解,氢化反应被加以修饰,因此,7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的粗品提取物不经纯化即进行氢化反应,该反应在60PSI(400KPa)下进行24小时。
将7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(70mg)溶于5ml丙酮-水(1∶1)溶液中,用水稀释至50ml,加入干燥NaHCO3(18mg,1.2当量),室温下用旋转蒸发器蒸除丙酮,残留水溶液进行冷冻干燥。粗品7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇单钠盐经C18反相柱层析(水∶乙腈=70∶30(V∶V))纯化。洗脱液用分析HPLC(15cm,Jones C18柱,1ml/min,波长=230/270nm,乙腈∶0.05M乙酸铵缓冲液=45∶55,(V∶V),pH=7,Rt=2.09min)监测。含有所需组份的部分合并,蒸除乙腈,残留水溶液进行冷冻干燥,得7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇单钠盐(112mg)。MS(FAB):[M+H]+,m/z 986;[M+Na]+,m/z 1008UV(Me0H):λmax=230nm,E(1%/1cm)=248IR(KBr):3430,3066,2948,1724,1652,1602,1580,1518,1486,1452,1372,1316,1246,1178,1154,1108,1070,1000,982,946,856,802,776,710,628,538cm-1.1H-NMR(acetone-d6/D2O)δ:8.05 (2H,d),7.92(2H,d),7.65(1H,dd),7.58-7.35(9H,m,overlap),7.23(1H,dd),6.38(1H,s),6.08(1H,t),5.65(1H,d),5.60(1H,d),5.10(1H,br.s),4.99(1H,d),4.97(1H,br.s),4.80(1H,d),4.28(1H,dd),4.11(2H,s),3.79(1H,d),2.94(1H,m),2.35(3H,s),2.35-2.10(1H,m),2.13(3H,s),1.95 (3H,s),1.84(1H,m),1.67(3H,s),1.13(6H,s,overlap).实例2制备7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的替代方法(a)2’-O(苄氧羰基)紫杉醇的制备
室温下,向搅拌着的紫杉醇(150mg,0.176mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(93μl,0.534mmol,3当量)的无水CH2Cl2(4ml)溶液中加入氯代甲酸苄酯(75μl,0.525mmol,3当量)。反应物在室温下搅拌3小时,浓缩至2ml,硅胶柱层析纯化,以1∶1的乙酸乙酯/己烷作洗脱液,得标题化合物,其为白色粉末(150mg,Y:86%),mp.140-150℃(分钟)。(b)2’-O-(苄氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇的制备
向冷却的(干冰-CCl4;-30℃浴温)2’-O-(苄氧羰基)紫杉醇(4.935g;5.0mmol)的干燥乙腈(80ml)溶液中,依次加入二甲硫醚(3.6ml;40mmol)和过氧化苯甲酰(4.9g;20.247mmol)。10分钟后,-30℃下,去除冷浴,反应混合物在室温下剧烈搅拌2小时。然后用乙酸乙酯稀释至体积为200ml,水和盐水洗涤,有机层用MgSO4干燥,蒸除溶剂,得-残渣,其在真空下保持18小时去除二甲基亚砜(其作为反应付产物存在)。残渣经硅胶层析(先用乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶2,然后用乙酸乙酯∶己烷=1∶1)纯化,得所需产物,其为泡沫状,将其溶于干燥乙醚中,过滤,得标题化合物,其为松散的固体(5.0g,95%),m.p.120-122℃。MS(FAB):[MH]+,m/z 1048;[M+Na]+,m/z 1070;[M+K]+,m/z 108IR(KBr):3440,3066,1750,1722,1664,1602,1583,1538cm-1.NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.177(3H,s)1.236(3H,s)1.745(3H,s)2.023(3H,s)2.121(3H s)2.162(3H,s)2.436(3H,s)3.887(H,d)4.134(H,d)4.197(H,d)4.295(H,m)4.964(H,d)5.161(2H,d)5.450(H,d)5.703(H,d)5.981(H,dd)6.257(H,t)6.541(H,s)6.920(H,d,NH)7.322-8.22(15H,m).标题化合物亦可肜下列替代方法制备
向2’-O-(苄氧基羰基)紫杉醇(2.0g;2.0263mmol)的干燥二甲基亚砜(10ml)溶液中滴加乙酸酐(10ml)。混合物在室温下并有氮气存在时搅拌18小时,乙酸乙酯稀释(100ml),小心地用冷的6%NaHCO3溶液(6×30ml),冷水(6×30ml)和盐水洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥,蒸除溶剂,得一残渣。将其经硅胶柱层析(CH2Cl2,CH2Cl2-5%乙腈,CH2Cl2-10%乙腈梯度洗脱)纯化,得所需化合物(1.86g,87.7%)。此方法得出的化合物与经前述的二甲硫醚/苯甲酰过氧化物方法得到的化合物是一致的。(c)2’-O-(苄氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇的制备
向2’-O-(苄氧羰基)-7-O-甲基甲硫基紫杉醇(5.0g,5.596mmol)的干燥1,2-二氯乙烷(120ml)溶液中加入粉末状的活化4A分子筛(5.0g)。室温下,向其中滴加N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(1.61g;7.1632mmol)和磷酸二苄酯(1.97g;7.1632mmol)的干燥THF(90ml)混合物。室温下剧烈搅拌30分钟后,混合物经硅藻土过滤,蒸发滤液至干,得一红色残渣。将残渣溶于乙酸乙酯(100ml)中,用冷的6%NaHSO3(2×50ml),冷60%NaHCO3(2×50ml)和水(1×50ml)洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥,蒸除溶剂,得固体物,将其溶于干燥乙醚中,过滤,得标题化合物,其为象牙色固体(5.9g,97%),MP 124-127℃MS(FAB):[MH]+,m/z 1278;[M+Na]+,m/z 1301;[M+K]+,m/z 1316IR(KBr):3430,3066,3032,1750,1726,1664,1582,1532cm-1NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.160(3H,s)1.703(3H,s)1.985(3H,s)2.164(3H,s)2.420(3H,s)3.854(H,d)4.151(H,d)4.216(H,m)4.298(H,d)4.873(H,d)5.043(6H,m)5.140(2H,d)5.417(H,d)5.670(H,d)5.971(H,dd)6.241(H,t)6.317(H,s)6.912(H,d,NH)7.280-8.115(25H,m)(d)7-O-膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇的制备
向2’-O-(苄氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(6.0g;4.7095mmol)的乙酸乙酯(120ml)溶液中加入10%Pd/c(6.0g),混合物在60Psi(400KPa)下氢化24小时。经硅藻土过滤反应混合物,蒸发,得4.07粗品残渣,其经短硅胶柱层析纯化(依次用CHCl3:10%,20%和40%甲醇),得标题化合物,其为白色固体(3.2g,71%),mp155-158℃。
此产品与标准样品具有相同的Rf(TLC)值和保留时间(HphC)。
MS(FAB):[MH]+,m/z 964;[M+Na]+,m/z 986;[M+K]+,m/z1002 ;[M+K++Na+-H]+,m/z 1024;[M+2K-H]+,m/z 1040UV(MeOH):λmax=230nm,E(1%/1cm)=252.5IR(KBr):3432,3066,2992,1722,1648,1602,1580,1522,1488,1452,1372,1316,1246,1178,1154,1110,1070,1000,980,946,854,802,776,710,628,538cm-1.1NMR(acetone-d6/D2O),δ:1.08(3H,s),1.10(3H,s),1.63(3H,s),1.88(3H,s),1.96(H,m),2.13 (3H,s),2.32(3H,s),2.89(H,m),3.76(H,d),4.19(H,m),4.89(H,dd),5.09(H,dd),5.55-5.60(2H,overlapping d′s),6.04(H,t),6.32(H,s),720(H,t),7.34-7.67(10H,overlapping m′s),7.87(2H,dd),8.02(2H,dd).实例3.2’-O(乙氧羰基)-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(a)2’-O-(乙氧羰基)紫杉醇的制备
向紫杉醇(4.35g,5.1mmol)的干燥CH2Cl2(51ml)溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(2.67ml,15.3mmol),然后再加氯代乙酸乙酯(1.46ml,15.3mmol)。反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时,室温下再搅拌1小时。用乙酸乙酯(400ml)稀释,有机层用饱和NaH-CO3(2×30ml)和盐水(30ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,得标题化合物粗品(93%),其无需纯化即可用于下一步反应。MS(FAB/NOBA,NaI,KI):[M+H]+,m/z 926;[M+Na]+,m/z 948;[M+K]+,m/z 964HRMS(FAB/NOBA,CsI/Gly external reference):[M+H]+m/z 926.3588 observed,C50H56NO16,calculated value:926.3599(deviation A=1.2ppm)1HNMR(CDCl3):δ1.13(3H,s),1.23(3H,s),1.30(3H,t),1.67(3H,s),1.92(3H,s),2.21(3H,s),2.37(H,d),2.45(3H,s),2.54(H,m),3.80(H,d),4.15-4.32(4H,m′s overlapping),4.43(H,dd),4.96(H,d),5.42(H,d),5.68(H,d),5.98(H,dd),6.28(2H,m′s,overlapping),7.00(H,d),7.34-7.59(11H,m′soverlapping),7.74(2H,d),8.12(2H,d).替代操作:
将紫杉醇(5.40g,6.324mmol)的干燥CH2Cl2(63ml)溶液冷却至0℃,用纯N,N-二异丙乙基胺(3.30ml,3当量)处理之,然后在5分钟内向其中滴加纯氟代甲酸乙酯(1.81ml,3当量),反应用TLC(50%乙酸乙酯/己烷)监测,2小时0℃下,且16小时室温下反应后,生成的黄橙色溶液用乙酸乙酯(300ml)稀释,饱和NaH-CO3(3×75ml)和盐水(75ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,蒸发,得标题化合物粗品,其经沉淀纯化,CH2Cl2(大约100ml)加入后冷却下再加己烷(Ca60ml)至出现浑浊。放置冰中冷却数小时后,过滤收集固体,产量5.17g(88%)。替代操作
在氩气氛下,将紫杉醇(99.0g,115.9mmol)溶于盛有1.350ml干燥CH2Cl2的经火焰干燥、单颈3L烧瓶中。将溶液冷却至-10℃,慢慢加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(52.4g,405.7mmol)(加入时间约3分钟),然后再加ClCO2Et(31.45g,289.8mmol;加入时间约15分钟)。生成的溶液在-4℃下搅拌过夜(16小时)。通过TLC判断反应完全与否。再加一批N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(2.62g,20.28mmol)及ClCO2Et(2.20g,20.28mmol),在-4℃下再搅拌3小时,直至TLC检测结果没有起始物存在。用乙酸乙酯(1.5L)稀释冷混合物,将其转移至分液漏斗中。依次用5%KHSO4(2×500ml),水(1×500ml),5%(KHSO4(1×500ml),水(1×500ml),饱和NaHCO3(2×500ml)及盐水(2×500ml)洗涤,Mg-SO4干燥,真空蒸除溶剂,得147g粗品,将残渣溶于热的CH2Cl2(800ml,浴温42℃)中,搅拌下并保持上述温度时滴加己烷(530ml)。将此结晶性混合物于室温下放置3小时,然后在0℃的冷房间内放置过夜。过滤收集重的白色结晶,用己烷/CH2Cl2=1∶1(V∶V)洗涤(2×200ml),抽滤干燥1小时后,真空干燥(约1.0mmHg)过夜,得95.7g(89%产率)标题化合物(均匀性指数用HPLC测量为98.5%)(b)2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-甲基甲硫基紫杉醇的制备
向2’-O-(乙氧羰基)紫杉醇(4.38g,4.7mmol)的干燥二甲亚砜(12.5ml)溶液中加入乙酸酐(12.5ml)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌24小时,用乙酸乙酯稀释(500ml),NaHCO3(3×40ml),水(2×40ml)洗涤,有机层经MgSO4干燥,真空蒸除溶剂。残渣经硅胶柱层析(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得所需标题化合物(4.39g,94%)。Ms(FAB/NOBA,NaI,KI):[M+H]+,m/z 986;[M+Na]+,m/z 1008;[M+K]+,m/z 1024HRMS(FAB/NOBA,CsI/Gly external reference):[M+H]+m/z 986.3646(calculated value:986.3633,deviation Δ=1.3ppm)1HNMR(CDCl3)δ:1.18(3H,s),1.20(3H,s),1.30(3H,s),1.75(3H,s),1.84(H,m),2.09(3H,s),2.11(3H,s),2.16(3H,s),2.24(H,d),2.37(H,d),2.45(3H,s),2.80(H,m),3.68(H,d),4.08-4.33(5H,m,over1apping),4.65(2H,s),4.96(H,d),5.43(H,d),5.69(H,d),5.98(H,dd),6.26(H,t),6.55(H,s),7.00(H,d),7.32-7.61(11H,m,overlapping),7.73(2H,dd),8.11(2H,dd).替代操作
将2’-O-(乙氧羰基)紫杉醇(2.260g,2.4406mmol)溶于无水二甲亚砜(6ml)中,室温下一次加入乙酸酐(6ml)。反应用HPLC(C18分析柱;60%乙腈-40%10mM磷酸铵缓冲液,PH=6)监测。30小时后,用乙酸乙酯(250ml)稀释,饱和NaHCO3(3次)洗涤,然后用水和盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并过滤,粗品经硅胶层析(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得标题化合物,其为白色泡沫状(2.030g,91%),HPLC分析纯度为90%,组份用第二根柱(5%乙腈/CH2Cl2)进一步纯化,得所需物质,HPLC分析纯度大约97%。
制备2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇的替代方法。
-40℃下,将2’-O-(乙氧羰基)紫杉醇(4.170g,4.503mmol)溶于无水乙腈(68ml)中,加入二甲硫醚(3.2ml,44.10mmol),然后再加过氧化苯甲酰(4.400g,18.24mmol)。混合物置于0℃水浴下搅拌,反应过程用TLC(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷)监测。3小时后,无起始物检出,加乙酸乙酯(250ml)以及饱和NaHCO3(100ml)。有机层进一步用碳酸氢钠,水,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并过滤。残渣经硅胶闪式柱层析(4%乙腈/CH2Cl2)纯化,得标题化合物,其为白色泡沫状(2.571g,58%收率),HPLC分析显示产品纯度为>97%。NMR光谱数据同前报告的一致。制备2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇的替代方法。
将2’-O(乙氧羰基)紫杉醇(49.3g,53.2mmol)置于一个火焰干燥的1L单颈烧瓶中,室温下溶于干燥乙腈(500ml)中。通过注射方法迅速将二甲硫(39.1ml,0.532mol)加入其中,将此搅拌的混合物在冰盐浴中冷却至-16℃,然后一次加入固体过氧化苯甲酰(51.6g,0.213mol),(欲使反应进行完全需将全部4当量反应物均加入其中)。继续搅拌30分钟,在此期间将温度升至-10℃,反应介质在此过程中不均匀(过氧化苯甲酰未完全溶解)。将冷却变成冰/水浴,升温至0℃,升温后使剩余的过氧化苯甲酰再溶解约5分钟。0℃下搅拌2.5小时后用TLC检测判断反应是否完全。于旋转蒸发器上蒸除溶剂至约200ml,然后转移至分液漏斗中,用庚烷(5×500ml)洗涤。乙腈层用乙酸乙酯(1.5L)稀释,用3∶1的饱和NaHCO3/5%K2CO3(V∶V)(2×500ml),饱和NaHCO3(2×500ml),半饱和盐水(1×500ml)和盐水(1×500ml)洗涤,MgSO4干燥,真空蒸除溶剂,得67.0g粗品。将其溶于丙酮(200ml)中,在水浴上加热至40℃,搅拌下滴加己烷直至有浑浊物出现(400ml)。将此结晶性混合物室温放置3小时,转移至0℃的冷房中过夜(16小时)。形成一块厚饼状物,滤集固体,用己烷/丙酮3∶1(V/V)(2×50ml)洗涤,生成的白色结晶抽滤干燥1小时,然后真空(约0.5mmHg)过夜,得47.5g(91%收率)标题化合物(HPLC分析均匀性指数为94.8%)。(c)2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
室温下将N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(1.953g,8.65mmol)和磷酸二苄酯(2.41g,8.65mmol)的THF溶液加到2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-甲硫代甲基紫杉醇(5.677g,5.76mmol)和4A分子筛(5.7g)的CH2Cl2(100ml)溶液组成的混合物中。室温搅拌40分钟,用TLC判断反应完全与否,经硅藻土过滤,滤液真空浓缩,得浅棕色残渣,用乙酸乙酯(800ml)稀释之,有机层用1%Na2SO3(2×80ml),5%盐7水(2×50ml洗涤,真空浓缩并干燥,残渣层析(50-60%乙酸乙酯/己烷)得标题化合物(6.23g,89%)。MS(FAB/NOBA,NaI,KI):[M+Na]+,m/z 1238;[M+K]+,m/z 1254HRMS(FAB/NOBA,CsI/Gly external reference):[M+Na]+m/z 1216.4291(C65H71NO20P calculated value:1216.4307 ;deviationΔ=1.3ppm)1HNMR(CDCl3),δ:1.18(3H,s),1.21(3H,s),1.30(3H,t),1.67(6H,s),1.80(H,s),1.93(H,m),1.99(3H,d),2.18(3H,s),2.23(H,m),2.38(H,m),2.45(3H,s),2.80(H,m),3.86(H,d),4.14-4.32(5H,m′s,overlapping),4.88(H,d),5.00-5.07(4H,m′s,overlapping),5.42 (H,d),5.68(H,d),5.96(H,dd),6.26(H,t),6.33(H,s),6.95(H,d),7.30-7.61(11H,m′s overlapping),7.75(2H,dd),8.12(2H,dd).替代操作:
向2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇(350mg,0.355mmol)的无水THF(8ml)溶液中加入N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(120mg,0.532mmol)和磷酸二苄酯(148mg,0.532mmol)的THF(5ml)溶液。用HPLC(C18柱,70%乙腈,30%10mM磷酸铵,pH=6)监测反应,2小时后仅有少于5%的起始原料被检出,溶液用乙酸乙酯(75ml)稀释,1%二硫化钠(2×50ml)和盐水(50ml)洗涤,MgSO4快速干燥后,过滤,蒸除溶剂,硅胶闪柱层析(45%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得标题化合物,其为白色泡沫状(281mg,65%),HPLC分析显示纯度约为95%。替代操作:
粉碎的4 A分子筛置于火焰干燥的1L单颈烧瓶中,抽真空(约0.5mmHg),用空气加热枪加热10分钟,其间用手振摇。冷却后减压下将氩气导入烧瓶中,加入2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇(37.5g,38.03mmol),再加磷酸二苄酯(14.88,53.24mmol)和THF(400ml)。室温下用磁力搅拌器将不均匀的混合物剧烈搅拌15分钟。在另一个火焰干燥的烧瓶中,在氩气氛下将N-碘代琥珀酸亚胺(10.7g,47.54mmol)溶于THF(50ml)中,(在制备NIS溶液过程中,液体转移及反应过程中为了避光均用铝箔盖住容器)。然后经注射慢慢(10分钟)加入。含NIS的烧瓶用5mlTHF洗涤,转移至反应混合物中,将其在室温下搅拌2小时。TLC显示无起始物,通过硅藻土垫板过滤生成的深红色溶液,滤液直接流进剧烈搅拌着的含有乙酸乙酯(500ml),10%硫代硫酸钠(300ml)和饱和NaHCO3(200ml)的双相混合物中。几秒钟后红色消失得一无色溶液。硅藻土垫板用EtOAC(约100ml)洗涤,将两液相均转入分液漏斗中,有机层用1LEtOAC稀释,分层,有机层依次用饱和NaHCO3和5%K2CO3(3∶1=V∶V,2×500ml),饱和NaHCO3(2×500ml),半饱和盐水(1×500ml)和盐水(1×500ml)洗涤。提取液用MgSO4干燥,过滤。室温搅拌下用5.0g中性Norit(焦炭)对其处理15分钟,再经硅藻土板过滤,减压蒸除溶剂,得52g粗品。将其溶于甲苯/CH2Cl2(280ml/25ml)中,向其中滴加己烷(20ml),室温放置3.小时后,此结晶性混合物于0℃下放置过夜。在烧瓶壁上形成灰黄色固体。倾出母液,残渣用甲苯(50ml)处理,过滤,甲苯洗涤,抽滤干燥30分钟。将其转移至带有DrieriteR的干燥器中,真空下(约0.5mmHg)进一步干燥4小时,得24.4g(53%产率)标题化合物(均匀性指数经HPLC检测为95.9%)。母液蒸发至干,用甲苯处理(100ml),过滤,甲苯洗涤,抽滤干燥30分钟,在上述干燥器中干燥后,得12.5g(27%收率)同样产品(HPLC柱测均匀性指数为97.1%)。(d)2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇的制备,其单钠,单钾,三乙胺,精氨酸,赖氨酸,乙醇胺,N-甲基葡糖胺以及三乙醇胺盐的制备
向2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(1.23g,1.01mmol)的干燥乙酸乙酯(40ml)溶液中加10%Pd/c(428mg,10%,0.404mmol)。反应混合物在连续振摇24小时下进行氢化(60PSI=400KPa)。经硅藻土过滤,硅藻土用乙酸乙酯淋洗几遍。浓缩滤液,得标题化合物的游离酸形式(1.01g,HPLC检测为80%纯度)。其杂质部分可在下一步反应中经C18柱层析除去。MS(FAB/NOBA,NaI,KI):[M+Na]+,m/z 1058;[M+K]+,m/z 1074;[M+2Na-H]+,m/z 1080;[M+Na+K-H]+,m/z 1096;[M+2K-H]+,m/z 1112HR-MS(FAB/NOBA,CsI/Gly,external reference):[M+Na]+,m/z 1058.3163(C51H58NO20PNa calculated value:1058.3188;deviationΔ=2.3ppm)1H NMR(acetone-d6/D2O)δ:1.13(3H,s),1.21(3H,s),1.66(3H,s),1.87(H,m),1.93(3H,s),2.14(3H,s),2.18(H,m),2.44(3H,s),2.95(H,m),3.81(H,d),4.12(2H,s),4.15-4.27(3H,m′s overlapping),4.92-4.99(2H,br.m′s overlapping),5.15(H,br.s),5.48(H,d),5.61(H,d),5.84(H,dd),6.07(H,t),6.36(H,s),7.25(H,t),7.28-7.69(10H,m′soverlapping),7.89(2H,dd),8.08(2H,dd),8.86(H,d).替代操作
在Pd/c(10%W/V,150mg)存在下,于60psi(400KPa)的压力下,使2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-(二苄基膦酰氧基甲基)紫杉醇(490mg,0.402mmol)的乙酸乙酯(20ml)溶液在一个Parr振荡器中进行氢化。用TLC和HPLC检测反应,当既无起始物又无中间体(假设是磷酸单苄酯)被检测到(26小时)后,经硅藻土过滤悬浮液,蒸发至干,HPLC分析显示纯度为88-92%。替代操作:
0℃下,使下列所述的2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙胺盐(5.4g,4.75mmole)在剧烈搅拌下于EtOAC(100ml)和5%NaHSO4(45ml)之间分配30分钟。分出水层,用乙酸乙酯(20ml)提取。合并乙酸乙酯层用半饱和盐水(25ml),盐水(25ml×2)洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,过滤,得酸(约4.75mmole)的乙酸乙酯溶液(约150ml)。此溶液浓缩至干(用旋转蒸发器),得3.75g标题化合物的游离酸形式,产率95%,HPLC分析结果显示均匀性指数为96.1%。
单钠盐的制备如下:
通过超声作用将2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(1.6g,1.55mmol)溶于乙腈(30ml)中。用水稀释(30ml),加1.1M的NaHCO3(2.11ml,2.32mmol)。通过振荡或超声得一溶液(5-20min)。将此类似于牛奶状溶液上C-18柱,用2倍于柱体积的水洗涤,用25%的乙腈/水洗脱单钠盐。将合适的组份合并,蒸除乙腈,水相冷冻干燥,得标题化合物的单钠盐(850mg,大约50%),HPLC纯度为97%。MS(FAB/NOBA,NaI,KI):[M+Na]+,m/z 1180HR-MS(FAB/NOBA,CsI/Gly external reference):[M+Na]+,m/z 1080.2968(C51H57NO20PNa2 calculatedvalue:1080.3007;deviation D=3.6ppm)Elemental analysis:C:52.65(calc.56.72),H:5.06(calc.5.23),N:1.20(calc.1.30),Na:2.74(calc.2.12)IR(KBr):3430,3066,2988,1746,1722,1660,1602,1582,1526,1488,1452,1374,1246,1178,1150,1108,1070,1052,1026,1002,966,912,834,792,776,710,628,538 cm-1.1H-NMR(DMSO-d6,D2O,acetone-d6)δ:1.10(6H,s),1.23(3H,t),1.64(3H,s),1.70(H,m),1.90(3H,s),1.99(H,m),2.14(3H,s),2.37(3H,s),2.98(H,m),3.74(H,d),4.07(2H,s),4.13-4.26(3H,m,overlaPPing),4.80(H,br.dd),4.97(H,d),5.09(H,br.t),5.44(H,d),5.55(H,d),5.99(H,t),6.34(H,s),7.22(H,t),7.43-7.69(10H,m,overlapping),7.92(2H,dd),8.06(2H,dd).单钠盐也可以如下制备:室温并搅拌下,用乙基己酸钠(87.5mM的EtOAC溶液,1.0ml,0.0875mmol)溶液处理2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(89%;70mg,0.060mmol)的EtOAC(2ml)溶液。室温下搅拌1小时后,向其中加入己烷(1.2ml)直至有浑浊出现。-20℃下放置2小时后,通过细滤纸过滤细的无定形粉末(较困难,很慢),得45mg(70%)钠盐。HPLC检测纯度为95.2%,并含有少量乙基己酸(NMR)。三乙醇胺盐的制备如下:将得自氢化反应的2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-膦酰氧基甲基紫杉醇的粗品(0.69g,0.593mmol在校正掉杂质后)(89%HPLC检测)溶于乙酸乙酯(10ml)中,慢慢搅拌,其间滴加入三乙醇胺(0.11M的EtOAC溶液,5.1ml,0.95当量)。所得的牛奶状溶液在0℃下消化2小时。经细滤低过滤,冷EtOAC淋洗,产量:499mg(80%),其为无定形,细的,不带静电的粉末,真空干燥过夜。HPLC显示96.6%纯度(C-18,45%5mM Q12+10mM磷酸铵,pH=6,55%乙腈)。NMR光谱(D2O/丙酮/DMSO)显示痕量的出OAC,没有其它明显的杂质。分析结果其带2-3个水分子。
从另外一个实验中得到的三乙醇胺盐(不优选)可用下法进一步纯化,将三乙醇胺盐(大约2g)溶于约30%乙腈/水中,在微有氮气压力下经C-18柱(Bakerbond)洗脱,洗脱液为梯度变化的20%-40%乙腈/水,收集含有三乙醇胺盐的部分,减压下用旋转蒸发器去除乙腈,水溶液冷冻并冷冻干燥过夜,得1.4g三乙醇胺盐,纯度为97.5%。
三乙醇胺盐也可按下法制备:
0℃并剧烈搅拌下,使2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙胺盐(3.0g,2.64mmole)在EtOAC(60ml)和5%NaHSO4(30ml)中进行分配15分钟。分出水层,用乙酸乙酯(10ml)提取,合并的乙酸乙酯层用盐水(15ml)洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,过滤,得一酸(约2.64mmole)的EtOAC(约70ml)溶液。5分钟内,室温并剧烈搅拌下向其中滴加N(CH2CH2OH)3(0.35ml,2.64mmol)生成的悬浮液再搅拌1小时,过滤,EtOAC(15ml×2)洗涤,真空干燥,得2.8g三乙醇胺盐,产率89%。HPLC分析显示均匀性指数为98.7%;mp.>157℃(分解)。
元素分析:C56H73N2O23P·2.0H2O·0.3EtOAC
C,55,60;H,6.48;N,2.27;KF(H2O),2.92
实测值:C,55,94;H,6.59;N,2.43;KF(H2O),3.50。三乙胺盐的制备如下:
室温下向2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(10g,8.23mmole)的EtOAC(350ml)溶液中加入10%Pd/C(2g,20%填装)。生成的悬浮液经抽空空气脱气,并用氩气清洗,此过程重复两次,然后用氢气置换氩气。室温并剧烈搅拌下,反应溶液在氢气球压力下(每平方英寸2-3磅压力)反应16小时。抽空氢气脱气后,用氩气置换清洗3次。生成的悬浮液经硅藻土垫板过滤,5分钟内于剧烈搅拌下向此均匀的滤液中慢慢加入Et2N(8.23mmole,1.14ml),生成的细白悬浮液再搅拌30分钟,经多孔漏斗过滤,滤饼在真空下干燥(1mmHg)16小时,得8.22g标题三乙胺盐,收率88%,HPLC分析显示均匀性指数为97.4%,mp.:>178℃(分解)。
元素分析:C57H73N2O20P,4.5H2O;
理论值:C,56.19;H,6.79;N,2.30;KF(H2O),6.65;
实测值:C,56.33;H,6.87;N,2.32;KF(H2O),7.96。
制备三乙胺盐的替代方法:
将2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(5.67g,4.66mmol)加到250ml瓶中并溶于乙酸乙酯(150ml)中。此烧瓶带有一个三通阀,其中一端与室真空相连,另一端与氩气管相连。使用这个阀,可使烧瓶部分抽气排空并用氩气清洗。此过程再重复两次。向其中加入Pd/活性C(10%Pd)(0.85g),然后调节三通阀,用氢气球置换氩气。使用此阀,可使烧瓶部分排空并用氢气清洗,此过程再重复两次。生成的混合物在室温和氢气球压力下放置过夜。对氢气暴露17小时后用TLC分析,结果起始物消失。再调节三通阀用氩气管置换氢气球。使用此阀,可使烧瓶部分排空并用氩气清洗,此过程再重复两遍。真空下烧瓶中的物品经硅藻土垫板过滤,用EtOAC(2×10ml)淋洗硅藻土。向搅拌着的滤液中加入NEt3(0.650ml,4.66mmol)。生成的悬浮液在室温下搅拌2小时,用旋转蒸发器使之体积减为约150ml,滤集固体,乙酸乙酯(2×10ml)洗涤,真空干燥,得4.76g(90%产率)标题三乙胺盐,其为白色粉末(HPLC检测均匀性指数为96.6%)。
制备三乙胺盐的替代方法:
将2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(5.17g,4.25mmol)加入250ml烧瓶中,并将其溶于EtOAC(150ml)中。此瓶带有一个三能阀,其中一端与室真空相连,另一端与氩气管相连,使用这个阀,可使烧瓶部分抽气排空,并用氩气清洗,此过程再重复两次。向其中加入Pd/活性C(10%Pd)(0.86g)。然后调节三通阀,用氢气球置换氩气管,使用此阀,可使烧瓶部分排空并用氢气清洗,此过程再重复两次,生成的混合物在室温和氢气球压力下放置过夜。对氢气暴露16小时后,用TLC分析,结果起始物消失,调节三通阀,用氩气管置换氢气球。使用此阀,可使烧瓶部分排空并用氩气清洗,此过程再重复两次。真空下烧瓶中的物品经硅藻土垫板过滤,用EtOAC(4×10ml)洗涤硅藻土。向搅拌着的滤液中加入NEt3(0.590ml,4.25mmol)。生成的悬浮液在室温下搅拌1小时,用旋转蒸发器使之体积减至约140ml。滤集固体,EtOAC(10ml)洗涤,真空干燥,得4.46g(92%收率)标题三乙胺盐,其为白色粉末(HPLC检测均匀性指数为96.7%)。
赖氨酸盐的制备如下:
0℃下,将2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(15.0g,12.34mmol)分份滴加到10%Pd/C(20%装填,3g)的乙醇(600ml,2000标准强度)悬浮液中。生成的悬浮液用抽空空气脱气并用氩气清洗。此过程再重复两次,然后用氢气置换掉氩气,并在剧烈搅拌下再进行同样的脱气操作。生成的混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时,除去冷浴,再在室温下搅拌4 1/2小时。反应混合物用抽空空气脱气并用氩气清洗三次。在氩气氛下通过硅藻土垫板过滤。在剧烈搅拌下于5分钟内,向生成的滤液中慢慢加入赖氨酸(1.63g,0.94当量)的1∶1=水∶乙醇混合溶液(200标准强度)(20ml)。向生成的白色悬浮液中加蒸馏水(110ml),搅拌30分钟。使之升温至55℃,然后将生成的均匀溶液置于50℃的油浴上,在16小时内慢慢冷却至室温,并在4℃下再放置3小时。过滤,抽滤干燥16小时,得11.8g(约80%产率)的赖氨酸盐,HPLC测定的均匀性指数为99%,mp.>170℃分解。元素分析:计算值(C57H72N3O22P.8.0H2O):C51,62;H,6.69;N,3.17;KF(H2O,10.87,实测值:51.76;H,6.57;N,3.48;KF(H2O),11.42。
乙醇胺盐的制备方法如下:
0℃剧烈搅拌下,使2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙胺盐(3.0g,2.64mmole)在EtOAC(60ml)和5%的NaHSO4(30ml)之间分配15分钟。分出水层,用EtOAC(15ml)提取,合并EtOAC层,用盐水(15ml)洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,过滤得游离酸(约2.64mmole)的EtOAC(约70ml)溶液。室温下并剧烈搅拌时于5分钟内向此溶液中滴加H2NCH2CH2OH(0.15ml,2.64mmole)的EtOAC(5ml)溶液,生成的悬浮液再搅拌1小时,过滤,用EtOAC(15ml×2)洗涤,真空干燥,得2.6g标题乙醇胺盐产率89%,HPLC分析显示均匀性指数为97.8%;mp.>130°分解。
元素分析:C53H65N2O11P·2.5H2O;
理论值:C,55.73;H,6.18;N,2.45;KF(H2O),3.94;
实测值:C,55.76;H,6.39;N,2.45;KF(H2O),6.00。
精氨酸盐的制备如下:
0℃下,将2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(30.0g,24.69mmole)分份滴加到10%Pd/C(20%装填,6g)的乙醇(900ml,200标准强度)溶液中,生成的悬浮液通过抽空空气脱气,并用氩气清洗,此过程重复两遍,随后在剧烈搅拌下用氢气置换氩气。生成的混合物在0℃下搅拌2小时。除去冷浴,室温下再搅拌24小时,抽空空气脱气,并用氩气清洗3次。在氩气氛下通过硅藻土垫板过滤,滤液等分成两份,每份中加EtOH(190ml,200标准强度),于5分钟内且剧烈搅拌下,向其中一份中(约630ml)慢慢加精氨酸(2.0g,0.94当量)的2∶1=水∶EtOH(200标准强度)混合溶液(20ml)。生成的白色悬浮液中加蒸馏水(100ml),搅拌30分钟,然后加温至60℃,趁热过滤,滤液置于50℃的油浴上,慢慢冷却至室温,并在室温下保持2小时,再在4℃下保持2小时。过滤,用冷的3%H2O/乙醇(100ml)洗涤,抽滤干燥16小时,得2.95g(产率约86%)的标题精氨酸盐,均匀性指数为96.7%。
55℃下,将此物质(12.95g)溶于15%H2O/乙醇(约700ml)混合物中,冷却后在30℃下保持3 1/2小时,再在室温下保持16小时,4℃下保持3小时。过滤生成的结晶,用冷的2%H2O/乙醇(50ml×2)洗涤,抽滤干燥4小时,真空干燥(1mmHg)16小时,得10.2gs(约80%产率)的标题精氨酸盐(均匀性指数为98.5%);m.p>176℃分解。
元素分析:C57H72N5O22P·6.4H20;
理论值:C,51.65;H,6.45;N,5.28;KF(H2O),8.7
实测值:C,51.86;H,6.65;N,5.53;KF(H2O),8.72。
N-甲基葡糖胺盐的制备如下:
0℃下将2’-O-(乙氧羰基)-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(30.0g,24.69mmole)分份加到10%Pd/c(20%填装,6g)的乙醇(900ml,200标准强度)的悬浮液中。生成的悬浮液经抽空空气脱气,然后用氩气清洗。此过程重复两次后,在剧烈搅拌下用氢气置换氩气。溶液在0℃下搅拌2小时,除去冷却浴,再在室温下反应24小时,反应物用抽空空气脱气然后用氩气清洗3次。在氩气氛下经硅藻土垫板过滤,滤液分成两等分,向每份中加入EtOH(190ml,200标准强度),在剧烈搅拌下于5分钟内向其中的-份(约630ml)中慢慢加入N-甲基葡糖胺(2.24g,0.94当量)约1∶1=H2O∶EtOH(200标准强度)(20ml)的混合溶液。生成的白色悬浮液中加蒸馏水(100ml),搅拌30分钟,升温至49℃澄清的均匀溶液放置于50℃的油浴上,使之冷却至室温,室温下放置2小时,然后在4℃下保持1 1/2小时。过滤,3%H2O/乙醇(100ml)洗涤,室温下抽滤16小时,得9.65g(收率约64%)标题N-甲基葡糖胺盐,其均匀性指数为96.4%。
52℃下,将此物质(9.65g)溶于15%水/乙醇(约450ml)混合物中,将其冷却至28℃,保持3 1/2小时,室温下16小时,再于4℃下保持3小时。滤集生成的结晶,用冷2%H2O/乙醇(50ml×2)洗涤,抽滤干燥4小时,真空干燥(1mmHg)16小时,得7.5g(约80%收率)的标题N-甲基葡糖胺盐(均匀性指数经HPLC柱测为98.6%);mp.>154℃分解。
元素分析:C58H75N2O25P·E5.0H2O;
理论值:C,52.72;H,6.48;N,2.12;KF(H2O),6.28
向冷的(0~-5℃)7-O-(三乙基甲硅烷基)紫杉醇(2.46g;2.543mmol)的干燥乙腈(100ml)溶液中加入二甲硫醚(1.348g;1.59ml;21.6976mmol)。均匀的混合物在0℃下搅拌1小时,5℃下保持18小时,有黄色溶液生成。蒸发至干,硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/己烷=1∶4;1∶3和1∶2)纯化,得标题化合物(1.0g,38%),此可以直接用于下步反应。MS:〔M+H〕+,1028;〔M+Na〕+,1050;〔M+K〕+,1066(b)2’-O-(甲基硫代甲基)紫杉醇的制备
向步骤(a)中产品(1.0g;0.9737mmol)的干燥乙腈(30ml)的冷溶液(-15℃)中滴加0.5NHCl(3ml),生成的溶液在-15℃下搅拌1小时,5℃下18小时。乙酸乙酯稀释(20ml),用冷的6%NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,蒸发至干,此物以硅胶板(CH2Cl2:15%乙腈)纯化,得纯标题化合物(280mg,31.4%)。IR(KBr):3446,3064,2940,1726,1666,1582,1516,1486NMR(CDCl3):δ1.118(s,3H),1.229(s,3H),1.662(s,3H),1.689(s,3H),1.871(s,3H),2.209(s,3H),2.450(s,3H),3.800(d,H),4.119(d,H),4.305(d,H),4.413(m,H),4.563(d,H),4.703(d,H),4.940(d,H),4.958(dd,H),5.667(d,H),5.822(dd,H),6.263(m,2H),7.019(d,NH),7.293-8.127(m,15H).MS:[M+H]+,914;[M+Na]+,936;[M+K]+,952HRMS:MH+:914.33 94(calculated=914.3422)(c)2’-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇的制备
向搅拌着的步骤(b)中产品(0.89g;0.9748mmol)的干燥1,2-二氯乙烷(12ml)溶液中加入粉末状的4A分子筛(1.0g),然后滴加N-碘代琥白酰亚胺(0.33g;1.4622mmol)和磷酸二苄酯(0.41g;1.4622mmol)的干燥THF(8ml)溶液的混合物。将其于室温下搅拌1小时,经硅藻土过滤,蒸发至干,得到的红色残渣用乙酸乙酯(50ml)溶解,用冷的6%NaHSO3,冷的6%NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,蒸发,得一泡沫状物,其经硅胶板纯化(CH2Cl2:20%乙腈),得纯产品(0.77g,69%)。IR(KBr):3854,3744,3362,3066,1960,1722,1602,1580.NMR(CDCl3):δ1.075(s,3H),1.167(s,3H),1.651(s,3H),1.799(s,3H),2.209(s,3H),2.296(s,3H),2.464(m,H),3.686(d,H),4.121(d,H),4.240(d,H),4.293(m,H),4.808-4.957,(m,6H),5.006(m,H),5.565-5.649(m,2H),6.034(t,H),6.194(3,H),7.100-8.132,(m,26H).MS:[M+H]+,1144;[M+Na]+,1166;[M+K]+,1182(d)2’-O-(膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇的制备
60psi(400KPa)下,使步骤(c)(0.9g;0.7874mmol)中产品和10%Pd/C(1.0g)的乙酸乙酯(20ml)溶液进行氢化24小时。反应物经硅藻土过滤,滤液蒸发至干,残渣经硅胶板层析(CH2Cl2:40%甲醇)纯化,得标题产品(0.254g,33.4%),mp.202-205℃(分解)。IR(KBr):3438,3066,2942,1722,1652,1602cm-1.NMR(acetone-d6/D2O):δ1.081(s,6H),1.571(s,3H),1.847(s,3H),2.115(s,3H),2.3 57(s,3H),3.707(d,H),4.08(m,2H),4.275(m,H),4.941-5.085(m,4H),5.231(t,H),5.430(d,H),5.544(d,H),5.970(t,H),6.376(s,H),6.961-8.017(m,16H).MS:[M+Na]+,986;[M+K]+,1002;[M+2Na-H]+,1008;[M+Na+K-H]+,1024;[M+2K-H]+,1040HRMS:MNa+,986.2955(Calculated=986.2976)实例5.2’,7-O-双(膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇钠盐(a)2’,7-O-双(甲基硫代甲基)紫杉醇的制备
0℃下,向搅拌的紫杉醇(0.853g,1mmol)和二甲硫醚(1.465g,20mmol)乙腈溶液(20ml)中加入固体过氧化苯甲酰(1.905g,8mmol)。混合物在0℃下剧烈搅拌3小时,用TLC(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=1∶1(V∶V),Rf紫杉醇=0.24,Rf产品=0.60)监测反应。待起始物消失后(约3小时),25℃下,室真空蒸除溶剂至干,终止反应,干残渣经硅胶柱(EM Science,40-63μm)分离(100ml干硅胶,柱体积∶_=3/4英寸,溶剂系统∶己烷∶乙酸乙酯=3∶2,(V/V)),每份体积大约25ml,从馏份15-19中收集标题化合物(0.515g,53%产率)。MS(FAB/matrix NOBA,NaI KI):[M+H]+,m/z 974;[M+Na]+,m/z 996;[M+K]+,m/z 1012UV(MeOH):λmax=204nm,E(1%/1cm)=243.45;λmax=228nm,E(1%/1cm)=313.99IR(KBr):3440,3064,2926,1724,1668,1602,1582,1514,1484,1452,1372,1314,1266,1242,1178,1142,1068,1026,990,916,886,848,800,774,710,646,606,570,540,480cm-1.1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.17(3H,s),1.20(3H,s),1.68(3H,s),1.74(3H,s),1.84(H,dd),2.04(3H,d),2.09(3H,s),2.15(3H,s)overlaps with(H,m),2.37(H,dd),2.51(3H,s),2.79(H,ddd),3.78(H,d),4.18(H,d),4.28(H,m),4.31(H,d),4.53-4.74(4H,two overlapping AB m),4.93(H,d),4.95(H,d),5.68(H,d),5.82(H,dd),6.24(H,dd),6.54(H,s),7.05(H,d),7.28-7.59(10H,overlapping m),7.57(H,m),7.76(2H,d),8.09(2H,d).(b)2’-7-O-双(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇的制备
室温下,将N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(135mg,0.5mmol)和磷酸二苄酯(167mg,0.5mmol)的干燥THF(8ml)溶液加到2’,7-O-双(甲基硫代甲基)紫杉醇(198mg,0.2mmol)和5A分子筛(大约200mg)的CH2Cl2溶液(12ml)中。反应混合物搅拌1.5小时,在硅藻土上滤除分子筛,用CH2Cl2洗涤(10ml),室温室真空下将溶剂蒸发至干。残渣溶于乙酸乙酯(100ml),在分液漏斗中用1%硫代硫酸钠(50ml),0.5mNaHCO3(50ml),水(2×50mm)洗涤,有机层经MgSO4干燥,蒸发至干,再重新溶于乙酸乙酯(1ml)中,用50ml乙酸乙酯∶己烷(1∶1)使之沉淀,同样的溶剂系统洗涤两次(2×500ml)。得218mg精品,收率74%。将此产品的CH2Cl2(3ml)溶液置于硅胶柱(_=3/4英寸×L=1英寸)上进行层析纯化,用50ml CH2Cl2∶EtOAC=3∶1洗脱产品,得标题化合物(172.7mg),收率59.3%。MS(FAB,matrix NOBA/NaI,KI):[M+Na]+,m/z 1456;[M+K]+,m/z 1472UV(MeCN):λmax=194nm,E(1%/1cm)=1078.36;λmax=228nm,E(1%/1cm)=311.95IR(KBr):3430,3066,3032,2958,1744,1726,1664,1602,1582,1532,1488,1456,1372,1270,1244,1158,1108,1068,1016,1000,952,886,800,776,738,698,604,498cm-1.1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.12(3H,s),1.14(3H,s),1.56(H,m),1.67(3H,s),1.84(3H,d),1.90(H,m),2.17(3H,s),2.29(3H,s),2.73(H,m),3.73(H,d),4.08(H,d),4.15(H,m),4.20(H,d),4.77(H,m),4.79(H,d),4.91-5.04(10H overlapping m),5.25(H,dd),5.38(H,dd),5.54-5.64(2H,overlapping m),5.99(H,br.dd),6.25(H,s),7.11-7.14(2H,m),7.24-7.64(28H,overlapping m),7.94(2H,dd),8.04(2H,dd),8.30(H,d).(c)2’,7-O-双(膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇钠盐的制备
将2’,7-O-双(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇(112mg,0.078mmol)溶于乙酸乙酯(7ml)中,在室温,压力为60PSI(400KPa)下,于10%Pd/c)(50g)上进行氢化反应2小时,经硅藻土滤除催化剂。用乙酸乙酯(10ml)淋洗硅藻土。滤液用固体NaH-CO3(200mg,3当量)处理,蒸发溶剂至干。将干残渣重新溶于5ml水∶丙酮(4∶1,V/V)中,用C-18反相柱层析(55-105μC-18,Waters公司,50ml于C-18,_=3/4英寸,水∶丙酮=4∶1(V/V)中)纯化。洗脱液用分析HPLC Jones C-18柱(15cm,1ml/min,λ=230nm)进行检测,流动相为乙腈∶磷酸盐缓冲液,pH=6(50/50,V/V)且带有Q12离子对试剂(Regis),Rt=4.7min。合并含有标题化合物的流出物。20℃,室真空下蒸除丙酮,溶液冷冻干燥,得标题化合物(44.2mg),收率58.8%。MS(FAB,matrix NOBA/NaI,KI):[M+H]+,m/z 1118;[M+Na]+,m/z 1140UV(MeCN):λmax=192nm,E(1%/1cm)=129.73;λmax=230nm,E(1%/1cm)=26.43IR(KBr):3430,3066,2956,1724,1658,1604,1582,1520,1486,1452,1374,1316,1256,1152,1110,1070,1026,966,914,802,772,710,538cm-1.1H-NMR(acetone-d6/D2O)δ:0.97(3H,s),1.02(3H,s),1.47(H,m),1.54(3H,s),1.70(H,m),1.75(3H,s),1.85(H,m),2.11(3H,s),2.30(3H,s),2.88(H,m),3.64(H,d),4.03(H,m),4.06(H,d),4.16(H,d),4.74(H,m),4.86(H,m),5.11(H,br.t),5.22(H,d),5.42(H,d),5.90(H,br.t),6.21(H,s),7.06(H,br.t),7.32-7.69(10H,ovelapping m),7.80(2H,d),7.93(2H,d).实例67-O-甲基硫代甲基浆果赤霉素III(7-MTM浆果赤霉素III)
向2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇(实例3(b)化合物,27g,27.4mmol)的100mlTHF和500ml甲醇溶液中加入新粉碎的K2CO3(2.7g,19mmol),溶液搅拌30分钟,用IR-120(H+)树脂中和,过滤,浓缩。粗品滤液溶于200ml CH2Cl2中,与四丁基铵硼氢化物(10g)搅拌24小时。用CH2Cl2稀释溶液,水洗,饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥并浓缩,残渣经硅胶(1∶1=己烷/乙酸乙酯)层析纯化,得9.4g标题化合物(53%),熔点269℃。FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C33H43SO11:647.Found:647.IR(KBr)3474,1746,1724,1712,1270,1240,1070cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.08(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.58(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.55(s,1H),4.94(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.83(bq,J=5.1Hz,1H),4.66(ABq,J=14.7,12.3Hz,2H),4.30(m,2H),4.13(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.91(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.79(m,1H),2.27(s,3H),2.25(m,2H),2.19(s,3H),2.16(s,3H),2.10(s,4H),1.81(m,1H),1.72(s,3H),1.61(m,2H),1.16(s,3H),1.03(s,3H).13CNMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202.3,170.8,169.3,167.0,144.2,132.6,132.1,130.1,129.4,128.6,83.9,80.9,78.7,75.7,74.5,73.9,67.9,57.6,47.6,42.7,38.3,26.7,22.6,21.0,20.1,15.2,15.0,10.8.实例7 3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-呋喃基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙醇胺盐(a)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-呋喃基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇的制备
向HMDS(0.40ml,1.90mmol)的15ml THF溶液中加入正丁基锂溶液(0.75ml,2.5M的己烷溶液,1.88mmol),-55℃下搅拌5分钟,向此溶液中加入7-MTM浆果赤霉素III(实例6化合物,1.03g,1.59mmol)的10ml THF溶液,搅拌10分钟后,加入10ml(3R,4R)-1-(叔丁氧羰基)-4-(2-呋喃基)-3-(三乙基甲硅烷氧基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(883mg,2.40mmol)溶液。除去冷浴,换成0℃的浴,反应混合物再搅拌30分钟。用EtOAC稀释,饱和NH4Cl溶液洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(2.5∶1己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得1.5g偶合产品3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-呋喃基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基-2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇(93%)。FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C50H71NSSiO16:1036.Found:1036.IR(film)3446(s),1720,1368,1242,1166,1144,1124,1066cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.07(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.56(m,1H),7.46(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.36(m,1H),6.56(s,1H),6.33(m,1H),6.20(m,2H),5.67(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.29(bs,2H),4.94(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.75(s,1H),4.65(s,2H),4.28(m,2H),4.16(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.89(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.80(m,1H),2.46(s,3H),2.37(m,1H),2.22(m,1H),2.16(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),1.84(m,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.65(m,1H),1.33(s,9H),1.20(s,3H),1.19(s,3H),0.81(t,J=7.8Hz,9H),0.47(m,6H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202.0,171.2,170.3,1693,167.1,155.3,152.0,141.9,141.0,133.6,132.9,130.2,129.2,128.7,110.7,107.3,84.0,81.1,80.2,78.7,76.1,75.7,74.7,74.1,72.4,71.1,57.4,52.8,47.1,43.3,35.2,33.0,28.1,26.3,22.9,21.2,21.0,15.0,14.5,10.9,6.5,4.3.
向上述得到的2’-三乙基甲硅烷基醚(330mg,0.32mmol)的7ml THF溶液中加入四丁基铵氟化物(0.35ml,1.0M的THF溶液,0.35mmol),搅拌10分钟。溶液用EtOAC稀释,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(2:1己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C45H58NO16S:900.Found:900.IR(film)3442,1720,1242,1066,1026cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.07(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.57(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.38(s,1H),6.53(s,1H),6.34(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),6.29(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),6.17(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.65(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.29(m,2H),4.92(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.70(m,1H),4.64(d,J=4.6Hz,2H),4.29(m,2H),4.14(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),3.86(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.37(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),2.77(m,1H),2.38(s,3H),2.32(m,2H),2.16(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),1.77(m,3H),1.73(s,3H),1.33(s,9H),1.17(s,3H),1.12(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202.0,172.6,170.3,169.2,167.0,155.2,151.3,142.4,140.4,133.7,133.2,130.2,129.1,128.7,110.7,107.4,83.9,81.2,80.5,78.6,76.5,76.1,75.4,74.6,74.0,72.5,71.8,57.4,51.7,47.2,43.2,35.2,32.8,28.1,26.4,22.6,20.9,15.2,14.6,10.9,8.3.(b)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-呋喃基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇的制备
0℃下,向步骤(a)中所得产品(864mg,0.96mmol)的50mlCH2Cl2溶液中加入二异丙基乙基胺(2.0ml,11.5mmol)和氯代甲酸乙酯(0.50ml,5.25mmol),搅拌4小时。用CH2Cl2稀释溶液,饱和NaHCO3洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱层析(1∶1=己烷/WtOAC)纯化,得884mg标题化合物的2’-碳酸乙酯(95%)。FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C48H62NO19S 972.3688.Found:972.3654.IR(film)1752,1720,1370,1244,1196,1176,1064cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.09(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.57(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.38(s,1H),6.55(s,1H),6.35(m,1H),6.27(m,1H),6.22(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.67(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.51(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),5.34(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.95(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.65(s,2H),4.30(m,2H),4.22(m,2H),3.88(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.81(m,1H),2.41(s,3H),2.36-2.21(m,2H),2.16(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),2.09(s,3H),1.83(m,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.67(s,1H),1.59(s,1H),1.34(s,9H),1.29(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.20(s,3H),1.18(s,3H).13CNMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202.1,169.9,169.1,167.6,167.0,154.0,150.1,142.6,141.0,133.6,132.9,130.2,129.2,128.7,110.7,107.5,83.9,81.1,80.7,78.7,76.0,75.7,75.1,74.7,74.2,71.8,65.1,57.4,49.7,47.1,43.2,35.0,33.0,28.1,26.3,22.6,21.1,20.9,15.1,14.5,14.1,10.9.(c)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-呋喃基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
向步骤(b)中产品(230mg,0.236mmol)的10ml无水THF中加入300mg 4A分子筛,磷酸二苄酯(270mg,0.98mmol)以及结晶性NIS(62mg,0.28mmol)。向此溶液中加入三氟甲磺酸银盐(45mg,0.17mmol),溶液搅拌3小时。经硅藻土过滤,EtOAC稀释,10%Na2S2O3洗涤,再用饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(15%乙腈/氯仿)得219mg标题化合物的磷酸二苄酯(77%)。FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C61H72NpO22Na 1224.Found:1224.IR(film)3422(br),1750,1722,1370,1244,1160,1036,1016,1000,976,944cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.08(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.58(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.39 (s,1H),7.31(m,10),6.35(m,2H),6.28(s,1H),6.21(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.64(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.50(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.39(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.32(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=8.1,6.3Hz,5H),4.86(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.29-4.09(m,4H),3.85(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.77(m,1H),2.40(s,3H),2.30(m,2H),2.16(s,3H),1.99(s,3H),1.94(m,1H),1.70(s,3H),1.67 (s,1H),1.54(s,1H),1.34(s,9H),1.28(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.20(s,3H),1.17(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ201.8,169.9,169.2,167.7,167.0,155.1,154.0,150.0,142.74,141.1,133.7.132.9,130.2,129.1,128.7,128.5,128.4,128.0,110.7,107.6,93.8,84.1,81.6,80.8,80.7,78.8,76.3,75.1,74.6,71.8,69.3,69.2,65.1,57.0,49.7,46.7,43.2,35.0,28.1,26.4,22.6,21.2,20.8,14.6,14.1,10.5.(d)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-呋喃基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙醇胺盐的制备
向步骤(c)中产品(311mg,0.259mmol)的25mlEtOAC溶液中加入60mg Pd/C(10%),溶液在常压和H2存在下搅拌30分钟,经硅藻土滤除催化剂,滤液真空浓缩。将残渣溶于3ml EtOAC中,加入三乙醇胺(2.3ml,0.1M EtOAC溶液,0.23mmol)。溶液经浓缩,经C18进行层析(40%乙腈/水),然后再进行冷冻干燥,得205mg磷酸三乙醇胺盐(67%)。FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C47H60HPO22Na 1044.Found:1044.IR(film)3432(br),1752,1722,1372,1246,1158,1108,1096,1070,1002 cm-1 1H NMR(d6 acetone/D2O,300MHz)δ8.09(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.62(m,2H),7.52(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.48(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),6.42(m,2H),6.16(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.65(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.46(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.30(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.17(bs,1H),5.01(bd,J=9.0Hz.1H),4.19(bs,1H),4.18(m,5H),3.95(m,4H),3.87(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.68(s,10H),3.50(bt,J=4.8Hz,4H),2.95(m,1H),2.44(s,3H),2.41(m,2H),2.16(s,3H),1.99(s,3H),1.94(m,1H),1.68(s,3H),1.34(s,9H),1.24(t,J=6.9 Hz,3H),1.17(s,6H).实例8 3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-噻吩基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙醇胺盐(a)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-噻吩基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇的制备
-55℃下向HMDS(0.5ml,2.4mmol)的18ml THF溶液中加入正丁基锂(0.85ml,2.5M的己烷溶液,2.1mmol)。10分钟后,滴加入7-MTM浆果赤霉素III(1.15g,1.78mmol)的18ml THF溶液,在冷浴下搅拌10分钟。向其中加入(±)顺-1-(叔丁氧羰基)-4-(2-噻吩基)-3-(三乙基甲硅烷氧基)-2-氮杂环丁酮(2.80g,7.3mmol)的18ml THF溶液,在30分钟内,使冷浴的温度渐升至0℃。用EtOAC稀释溶液,饱和NH4Cl洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(5∶1=己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得1.87g回收的内酰胺,(3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化得1.44g偶合产品3’-N-脱苯甲基-3’-脱苯酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-噻吩基)-7-O-甲基硫代甲基-2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇(78%)。FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C51H71NO15S2SiNa 1052.Found:1052.IR(film)3442(br),1720,1490,1368,1270,1242,1162,1110,1064,1024,984,754cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.09(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.57(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.22(m,1H),6.95(m,2H),6.55(s,1H),6.21(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.68(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.49(bd,1H),5.39(bd,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.94(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.65(s,2H),4.57(s,1H),4.28(m,2H),4.17(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.88(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.80(m,1H),2.46(s,3H),2.37(m,1H),2.20(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.03(s,3H),1.84(m,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.68(s,1H),1.62(s,1H),1.31(s,9H),1.20(s,6H),0.84(t,J=7.8Hz,9H),0.50(m,6H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ201.9,171.1,170.7,170.1,169.3,167.0,155.1,142.8,140.9,133.6,132.9,130.2,129.2,128.7,126.9,124.6,83.9,81.2,80.1,78.8,77.4,76.0,75.7,75.2,74.8,74.1,71.3,57.4,53.8,47.0,43.3,35.3,33.3,28.1,26.3,23.0,21.3,20.9,14.9,14.4,10.9,6.6,4.5.
向上述所得的2’-三乙基甲硅烷基醚(1.41g,1.37mmol)的14ml THF溶液中加入四丁基铵氟化物(1.4ml,1.0M的THF溶液,1.4mmol)。溶液搅拌30分钟,EtOAC稀释,盐水洗涤,Mg-SO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(1∶1己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得1.16g标题化合物(92%)。FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C45H57NO15S2Na 938.Found:938.IR(film)3440(br),1720,1368,1242,1168,1106,1066,710cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.08(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.59(m,1H),7.47(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.24(m,1H),7.07(m,1H),6.99(m,1H),6.53(s,1H),6.18(t,J=8.1Hz,1H),5.66(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.49(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.32(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.92(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.63(m,3H),4.28(m,2H),4.15(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.86(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.47(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),2.78(m,1H),2.36(s,3H),2.34(,2H),2.17(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.00(s,3H),1.83(m,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.72(s,1H),1.61(s,1H),1.33(s,9H),1.21(s,3H),1.18(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ201.9,172.3,170.3,169.2,167.0,154.0,141.5,140.2,133.7,133.3,130.2,129.1,128.7,127.0,125.4,125.4,83.9,81.3,80.4,78.6,76.1,75.4,74.5,74.0,73.4 72.5,57.5,52.8,47.2,43.2,35.3,32.9,28.2,26.4,22.6,20.9,15.1,14.7,10.8.(b)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-噻吩基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇的制备0℃下向步骤(a)中所得产品(621mg,0.677mmol)的35mlCH2Cl2溶液中加入二异丙基乙基胺(1.20ml,6.89mmol)和氯代甲酸乙酯(0.35ml,3.7mmol),搅拌1小时。除去冷浴,溶液搅拌2小时,用CH2Cl2稀释,饱和NaHCO3洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(1∶1=己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得528g标题化合物(79%)。FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C48H61NO17s2Na 1010.Found:1010.IR(film)3510,3440,1752,1720,1370,1244,1198,1170,1026,988,756cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.09(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.58(m,1H),7.48(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.26(m,1H),6.99(,2H),6.55(s,1H),6.23(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),5.68(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),5.33(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.94(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.65(s,2H),4.33-4.08(m,5H),3.88(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.80(m,1H),2.40(s,3H),2.40-2.20(m,2H),2.16(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),2.07(s,3H),1.83(m,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.69(s,1H),1.60(s,1H),1.33(s,9H),1.31(t,J=7.2Hz,9H),1.20(s,3H),1.19(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202.0,169.7,169.1,167.5,167.1,154.0,140.9,133.6,132.9,130.2,129.2,128.7,127.2,125.4,125.3,83.9,81.2,80.6,78.8,76.9,76.0,75.7,74.7,74.2,72.8,72.0,65.2,57.4,50.9,47.1,43.3,35.1,33.0,28.1,26.4,22.7,21.2,20.9,15.1,14.5,14.1,10.9.(c)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-噻吩基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
向步骤(b)中产品(516mg,0.522mmol)的15ml无水THF溶液中加入530mg 4A分子筛,磷酸二苄酯(576mg,2.09mmol)和结晶性NIS(136mg,0.604mmol)。向此溶液中加入三氟甲磺酸银盐(50mg.0.194mmol),溶液搅拌1小时,经硅藻土过滤,E-tOAC稀释,10%Na2S2O3,饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(15%乙腈/CHCl3)纯化,得535mg标题化合物(84%)。FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C61H72NO21PSNa 1240.Found:1240.IR(film)3424(br),1750,1722,1370,1244,1016,1000.944cm-1 1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.08(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.58(m,1H),7.47(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.28(m,11H),6.99(m,2H),6.33(s,1H),6.22(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.66(m,2H),5.39(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.34(d,J=12Hz,1H),5.22(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=8.1,6.0Hz,5H),4.86(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.29-4.08(m,5H),3.85(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.76(m,1H),2.39(s,3H),2.35-2.18(m,2H),2.16(s,3H),1.97(s,4H),1.69(s,4H),1.33(s,9H),1.30(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.20(s,3H),1.17(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ197.4,165.4,164.9,163.3,162.7,150.6,149.7,136.7,136.0,129.4,128.6,125.9,124.7,124.3,124.2,124.1,123.6,122.9,121.1,121.0,89.4,79.8,77.3,76.5,76.3,74.4,72.0,70.7,70.3,67.7,64.9,64.9,60.9,52.7,46.5,42.3,38.9,30.7,23.8,22.0,18.3,17.0,16.4,10.3,9.8,6.2.(d)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-脱苯基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-3’-(2-噻吩基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙醇胺盐的制备
向步骤(c)中产品(512mg,0.42mmol)的30ml EtOAC溶液中加入53mg Pd/C(10%),溶液在常压且有H2气下搅拌3小时.经硅藻土滤除催化剂,真空下浓缩滤液。将残渣溶于2ml EtOAC中,加入三乙醇胺(4.0ml,0.1M的EtOAC溶液,0.4mmol)。浓缩溶液,残渣经C18层析(40%乙腈/水),冷冻干燥,得280mg磷酸三乙醇胺盐(56%)。HPLC分析显示该盐纯度为96%。FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcdfor C47H60NO21pS 1060.Found:1060.IR(KBr)3422(br),1750,1720,1372,1246,1162,1096,1068,1000cm-1 1H NMR(d6 acetone/D2O,300MHz)δ8.06(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.63(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.52(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.38(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),7.16(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),7.O1(dd,J=5.1,3.6Hz,1H),6.37(s,1H),6.11(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.61(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.60(s,1H),5.26(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),5.14(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.00(d,J=8.4Hz,.1H),4.86(dd,J=12.O,6.3Hz,1H),4.17(m,5H),4.00(s,7H),3.92(t,J=4.8Hz,6H),3.84(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.48(t,J=5.4Hz,6H),2.94(m,1H),2.42(s,3H),2.36(m,1H),2.27(m,1H),2.15(s,3H),1.95(s,4H),1.66(s,3H),1.30(s,9H),1.23(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.14(s,6H).实例9 10-脱乙酰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-10-O-(膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇(a)10-脱乙酰基10-O-苄氧羰基-7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素III的制备
氩气氛下,向干燥的含有7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(2.093g,3.177mmol)的烧瓶中加入干燥THF(30ml),冷却至-70℃。向其中滴加1.6M正丁基锂(2.38ml,3.81mmol)。搅拌15分钟后,滴加氯代甲酸苄酯(0.91ml,6.35mmol)。生成的混合物搅拌3小时,在此期间使之温度逐渐升至室温。加入25ml NH4Cl终止反应,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,闪柱层析(硅胶,30-45%EtOAC/己烷),得2.24g(89%)标题化合物,其为白色泡沫状。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(d,J=8.0,2H);7.63-7.58(m,1H)7.47(t,J=8.0,2H);7.41-7.26(m,5H);6.29(s,1H);5.61(d,J=7.0,1H);5.20(q,J=12.2,2H);4.96(d,J=9.0,1H);4.87-4.84(m,1H);4.48(dd,J=6.7,J=10.4,1H);4.30(d,J=8.5,1H);4.14(d,J=8.5,1H);3.84(d,J=7.0,1H);2.58-2.48(m,1H);2.29(m,4H);2.20(s,3H);2.03(d,J=5.0,1H)1.92-1.83(m,1H);1.68(s,3H);1.17(s,3H);1.04(s,3H);0.91(t,J=7.5,9H);0.57(q,J=7.4,6H).(b)10-脱乙酰基-10-O-苄氧羰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-2’,7-双-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇的制备
向含有步骤(a)中产品(3.50g,4.42mmol)的烧瓶中加入少量甲苯,真空下浓缩溶液。将此烧瓶置于氩气氛下,加100ml干燥THF。将烧瓶冷却至-70℃,滴加1.0M六甲基二硅氮化锂(6.19ml,6.19mmol)。搅拌20分钟,向其中滴加(3R,4S)-1-(叔丁氧基羰基)-4-苯基-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮(2.58g,7.07mmol)的10ml干燥THF溶液。反应混合物搅拌3.5小时,在此期间,使之逐渐升温至室温。加70ml饱和NH4Cl终止反应,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,闪柱层析(硅胶,5-15%,E-tOAC/己烷),得5.12g(99%)标题化合物,其为白色泡沫状。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCL3)δ8.11(d,J=8.0,2H);7.60-7.58(m,1H);7.48(t,J=8.0,2H);7.24-7.26(m,10H);6.32-6.26(m,2H);5.69(d,J=7.0,1H);5.47(bd,J=9.7,1H);5.31-5.10(m,3H);4.94(d,J=8.5,1H);4.56(s,1H);4.46(dd,J=6.9,J=10.6,1H);4.31(d,J=8.3,1H);4.17(d,J=8.3,1H);3.81(d,J=7.0,1H);2.53(s,3H);2.48-2.33(m,1H);2.22-2.17(m,1H);2.09(s,3H);1.95-1.86(m,1H);1.70(s,3H);1.65(s,1H);1.52(s,1H);1.30(s,9H);1.26-1.19(m,6H);0.94-0.87(m.9H);0.80-0.75(m,9H);0.61-0.53(m,6H);0.48-0.30(m,6H).(c)10-脱乙酰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇的制备
将步骤(b)中产品(5.12g,4.40mmol)溶于100ml EtOAC中,转移至Parr瓶中,并且氩气覆盖。向其中加入10%Pd/C(2.4g),反应混合物置于Parr氢化器(55psi)中反应8小时,经硅藻土塞过滤反应混合物并浓缩。闪柱层析(硅胶,15-20%乙酸乙酯/己烷)得3.24g(79%)标题化合物,其为白色泡沫状。在Parr设备中有痕量酸残余物是由于步骤(b)中产品的2’-三乙基甲硅烷基基团水解所致。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(d,J=8.0,2H);7.63-7.58(m,1H);7.49(d,J=8.0,2H);7.39-7.26(m,5H);6.27-6.17(m,1H);5.64(d,J=7.2);5.42(d,J=9.4,1H);5.28-5.25(m,1H);5.12(s,1H);4.92(d,J=8.6,1H);4.62(bs,1H);4.38-4.28(m,3H);4.17(d,J=8.5,1H);3.85(d,J=6.7,1H);3.36(d,J=5.3,1H);2.49-2.40(m,1H);2.36(s,3H);2.25(bd,J=8.7,2H);1.99-1.91(m,1H);1.85(s,3H);1.74(s,3H);1.69(s,1H),1.67(s,1H);1.35(s,9H);1.22(s,3H);1.11(s,3H);0.93(t,J=7.59H);0.61-0.49(m,6H).(d)10-脱乙酰基-2’-O-苄氧羰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇的制备
向有步骤(c)产品(3.24g,3.51mmol)的烧瓶中加入30ml干燥CH2Cl2,将烧瓶置于氩气下,并冷却至0℃。向其中加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(1.22ml,7.02mmol),再滴加氯代甲酸苄酯(1.00ml,7.02mmol)。15分钟后,除去冷却浴,反应物于室温下搅拌7小时。加30ml饱和NH4Cl终止反应,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥,闪柱层析(硅胶,7-20%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得3.24g 89%标题化合物,其为白色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(d,J=8.0,2H);7.62-7.57(m,1H);7.48(t,J=8.0,2H);7.40-7.26(m,10H);6.33-6.27(m,1H);5.66(d,J=7.0,1H);5.49-5.42(m,2H);5.31(s,1H); 5.22-5.13(m,3H);4.93(d,J-9.4,1H);4.38(dd,J=6.5,J=10.7,1H);4.34-4.28(m,2H);4.18(d J=8.3,1H);3.90(d,J=6.7,1H);2.52-2.30(m,4H);2.24-2.20(m,1H);1.97-1.87(m,3H);1.74(s,3H);1.59(s,3H);1.32(s,9H);1.26,(s,3H);1.11(s,3H);0.96-0.88(m,9H);0.61-0.48(m,6H).(e)10-脱乙酰基-2’-O-苄氧羰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-10-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)-7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇的制备
将步骤(d)产品溶于13.5ml(54%)DMSO,8.7ml(35%)乙酸酐和2.75ml(11%)冰醋酸中,将其置于氩气氛下。混合物搅拌56小时,EtOAC稀释至体积为60ml,用饱和NaHCO3洗涤,直至pH试纸呈中性,然后用盐水洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥并浓缩。门式柱层析(15-20%EtOAC/己烷)得3.12g白色泡沫状粗品,其为所需的硫甲基乙缩醛产品(即10-脱乙酰基-2’-O-苄氧羰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-10-O-(甲基硫代甲基)-7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇’占总重量的70%(NMR检测)。
将上述粗品混合物(3.12g)溶于1,2-二氯乙烷(61ml)中,覆盖氩气层。加入4A分子筛(3.12g),生成的不均匀混合物层烈搅拌,经套管向其中加入结晶性的N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(0.830g,3.69mmol)和磷酸二苄酯(1.027g,3.69mmol)的干燥THF(46ml)溶液。生成的混合物搅拌5小时,经硅藻土塞过滤,用EtOAC将其体积稀释至250ml。用冷2%NaHSO3(2×125ml),冷6%NaHCO3(2×125ml)和盐水洗涤。有机层经MgSO4干燥并浓缩,闪柱层析(硅胶,25-35%EtOAC/己烷),得1.52g(40%)标题化合物,其为白色固体。1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.08(d,J=7.0,2H);7.59-7.55(m,1H);7.46(t,J=7.2,2H);7.38-7.25(m,20H);6.30(t,J=8.5,1H);5.65(d,J=6.8,1H);5.49-5.39(m,4H);5.32(s,1H);5.18-4.19(m,4H);4.93(d,J=9.2,1H);4.44(dd,J=6.6,J=10.2,1H);4.31(d,J=8.4,1H);4.16(d,J=8.5,1H);3.80(d,J=6.9,1H);2.69-2.39,(m,4H),2.33-2.23(m,3H);2.03(s,3H);1.90(t,J=12.6,1H);1.68-1.63(m,6H);1.28(s,9H);1.16-1.10(m,6H);0.93(t,J=7.4,9H);0.55(q,J=7.8,6H).13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5MHz)δ204.1,169.7,167.9,167.1,151.1,140.7,135.7,133.6,130.2,129.2,128.9,128.8,128.7,128.6,128.5,128.4,128.3,128.2,128.0,127.8,126.4,90.4,84.2,81.1,80.4,79.3,78.8,74.9,72.8,72.0,70.5,69.2,69.1,69.0,58.1,46.8,43.2,37.1,35.0,28.1,26.5,22.8,21.0,14.1,10.0,6.9,5.5.M.S.(FAB)m/z+:1345(f)10-脱乙酰基-2’-O-苄氧羰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-10-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
在氩气氛下,将步骤(e)中产品(50.8mg,0.038mmole)的干燥THF(2.5ml)溶液冷却至-40℃,向此溶液中滴加四丁基铵氟化物(0.057ml,0.057mmol)的THF(1.0M)溶液。反应混合物搅拌1.5小时,其间使之温度逐渐升至-20℃。加15ml饱和NH4Cl终止反应,然后用30ml EtOAC稀释。有机层用2×15ml NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,经制备层析(硅胶,50%E-tOAC/己烷),得36mg(77%)标题化合物,其为白色粉末。1H NMR(CDCl3,300 MHz)δ8.10(d,J=8.5,2H);7.60-7.55(m,1H);7.49-7.44(m,2H);7.36-7.18(m,20H);6.27-6.22(m,1H);5.78(s,1H);5.67(d,J=7.0,1H);5.44-5.34(m,3H);5.27(d,J=2.2,1H);5.24-5.05(m,4H);5.01-4.91(m,4H);4.39-4.28(m,2H);4.17(d,J=8.2,1H);3.87(d,J=7.0,1H);2.58-2.51(m,1H);2.41(s,3H);2.40-2.18(m,2H),2.00-1.87(m,5H);1.73-1.69(m,4H);1.30(s,9H);1.22-1.15(m,6H).M.S.(FAB)m/z+:1231
在一个500ml的Parr瓶中装入10-脱乙酰-2’-O-苄氧羰基-3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔-丁氧羰基)-10-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇(264.9mg,0.215mmol)和EtOAC(20ml)。用氩气清洗瓶子,并加入10%Pd/C(318g)。生成的混合物置于Parr仪器上,氩气压力为每平方英寸55磅(psi)。反应用HPLC(70∶30 CH3CN/28缓冲液,pH=6.0,1.00ml/min,ZorbaxC-18柱,25.0cm,λ=230nm)监测直至没有明显的起始物存在(12.5小时)为止。混合物经硅藻土塞过滤,EtOAC洗涤,再用少量CH2Cl2洗涤,滤液浓缩,残渣溶于CH2Cl2(5ml)中,加入己烷,引起白色沉淀形成。分离得140.3mg游离酸(HPLC检测,纯度80%),其为白色固体,其可直接用于下一步反应。
向含有上述游离酸(140mg,0.153mmol)的烧瓶中加入CH2Cl2(10ml),生成的溶液用0.100M三乙醇胺的EtOAC(1.16ml,0.116mmol)溶液进行处理,其使溶液变浑浊。加入约2ml己烷,将混合物于-20℃下放置过夜。生成的沉淀径4.0-5.5μm烧结玻璃漏斗过滤。去除固体,置于真空下4小时,得69.9mg(42%)标题三乙醇胺盐,其为灰色粉末,HPLC检测其纯度为95-96%(TR=2.05min,70∶30 CH3CN/Q8缓冲液,pH=6.0,1.00ml/min,Zorbax C-18,25.0cm,λ=230nm)。1H-NMR(d6-acetone/D2O,300MHz):δ8.03(d,J=7.4,2H);7.65(t,J=7.3,1H);7.54(t,J=7.6,2H);7.42-7.33(m,5H);7.21(t,J=7.0,1H);6.09(t,J=9.0,1H);5.81(s,1H);5.59(d,J=7.0,1H);5.12(bs,2H);4.93(d,J=8.4,2H),4.56(d,J=4.9,1H);4.31-4.26(m,1H);4.11(s,2H);3.41-3.37(m,6H);2.42-2.32(m,5H);2.15(bs,1H);1.97(s,3H);1.77-1.64(m,2H);1.58(s,3H);1.13(s,9H);1.15-1.07(m,6H).13C NMR(d5-acetone,D2O,75.6MHz):δ171.6,166.9,156.6,141.8,135.1,134.2,131.0,130.7,129.4,129.3,128.4,128.1,88.3,85.4,81.9,79.7,78.6,78.1,76.8,76.0,74.8,71.9,71.2,47.4,44.0,37.1,36.3,28.5,27.0,23.1,22.0,14.7,10.4.HRMS:MNa+,940.3142(Calculated for C44H56NO18PNa=940.3133)实例10 2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧基甲基紫杉醇(a)2’-O-(甲基硫代甲氧基甲基)-7-O三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇
室温下,向7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇(70.0mg,72.2mmol),双(甲基硫代甲基)醚(90mg,72.2mmol),分子筛(70mg)和N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(160mg,72.2mmol)的THF(2.0ml)溶液中加入三氟甲烷磺酸银(5.0mg,19.5mmol),生成的溶液搅拌2小时,用EtOAC稀释反应混合物,然后经过硅藻土垫板过滤。滤液用饱和NaHCO3洗涤,然后依次用1∶1(V∶V)的饱和NaHCO3和5%Na2S2O3的混合物及盐水洗涤。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残渣经闪式柱层析(3∶1=己烷/己酸乙酯)纯化,得22.0mg(29%)标题化合物,其为白色固体。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.12-7.20(15H,m),7.04(1H,d,J=8.9Hz),6.41(1H,s),6.25(1H,m),5.81(1H,dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz),5.68(1H,d,J=7.0Hz),4.93(1H,d,8.0Hz),4.79(2H,m),4.71(1H,d,2.4Hz),4.45(1H,dd,J=10.5,6.6Hz),4.30(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),4.28(1H,d,J=11.7Hz),4.17(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),4.04(1H,d,J=11.7Hz),3.80(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),2.48-1.13(25H,m,incl.singlets at 2.51,2.13,2.05,2.01,1.69,1.19,1.16),0.98-0.85(9H,m),0.65-0.50(6H,m).(b)2’-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)-7-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇的制备
室温下向步骤(a)中所得产品(15mg,0.0141mmol)和分子筛(15mg)的THF(0.5ml)溶液中加入磷酸二苄酯(20.0mg,0.089mmol),再加N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(4.2mg,0.0187mmol),溶液搅拌1小时。此时用TLC分析结果显示仅存在起始物质。2小时内分3份加入三氟甲烷磺酸银(5.0mg,0.019mmol),溶液再搅拌1小时。然后用EtOAC稀释混合物,再经硅藻土垫板过滤。滤液用1∶1(V∶V)饱和NaHCO3和5%Na2S2O3溶液处理,有机层用盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残余油状物经闪式柱层析(1∶1=己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得5.0mg(33%)标题化合物。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.08-7.16(25H,m),7.18(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.41(1H,s),6.21(1H,m),5.82(1H,dd,J=9.0,3.1Hz),5.66(1H,d,7.0Hz),5.01-4.65(10H,m),4.56(1H,dd,J=14.7,5.6Hz),4.43(1H,dd,J=10.4,6.7Hz),4.29(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),4.16(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),3.78(1H,d,J=7.0Hz),2.60-1.13(22H,m,incl.singlets at 2.49,2.15,1.93,1.66,1.15,1.13,3H each),0.95-0.84(9H,m),0.63-0.45(6H,m).(c)2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧基甲基紫杉醇的制备
按照实例9(f)中所述方法,用四丁基铵氟化物处理步骤(b)中产品,以除去7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基保护基团。按前述给出的方法对所得化合物进行催化氢化,得标题化合物。实例11 2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧甲基紫杉醇(替代路线)(a)2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇的制备
0℃下,20分钟内向紫杉醇(20.0g,0.0234mmol)和咪唑(3.59g,0.052mol)的150ml DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)溶液中加入三乙基甲硅烷氯化物(6.0ml,0.053mmol)2ml。混合物于0℃下搅拌1小时。用EtOAC和饱和NH4Cl溶液的混合物稀释,分出有机层,用盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,得一黄色油状物。粗品经闪柱层析(己烷/EtOAC=1∶3然后1∶1)得21.07g(收率98%)标题化合物,其为白色固体。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.15(2H,m),7.70(2H,m),7.65-7.30(11H,m)7.15(1H,d,J=8.9Hz),6.30(1H,s),6.25(1H,m),6.70-6.10(2H,m),4.94(1H,d,J=7.9 Hz),4.67(1H,d,2.0Hz),4.40(1H,m),4.29(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.18(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.81(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),2.65-1.10(22H,including singlets at2.55,2.20,1.88,1.69,1.22,1.13,3H each).(b)2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇的制备
将2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基紫杉醇(22.3g,24.1mmol)的THF(250ml)溶液冷却至-50℃,10分钟内,向其中滴加入正丁基锂(1.6M己烷溶液,12.9ml,8.06mmol)。生成的溶液搅拌20分钟,温度保持在-50℃~-35℃之间。然后将其冷至-50℃,5分钟内滴加氯代甲酸苄酯(5.08ml,29.8mmol)。将反应物在-40℃下保持30分钟,然后在30分钟内使之升温至0℃。混合物用乙酸乙酯和饱和NH4Cl溶液的混合物稀释,有机层用盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。1H-NMR分析显示,粗品混合物中有所需的2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-)-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇以及2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-7-表羟基紫杉醇(相应为3∶1的比例)。此混合物无需纯化可直接用于下一步反应,异构体随之分离。用于分析的主产品2’-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇经闪柱层析纯化。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.12(2H,m),7.72(1H,m),7.65-7.27(1H,d,J=8.8Hz),6.41(1H,m),6.20(1H,m),5.72-5.65(2H,m),5.52(1H,m),5.24(1H,d,J=12.3Hz),5.16(1H,d,J=12.3Hz),4.95(1H,d,J=8.7Hz),4.69(1H,s),4.35(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),4.25(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),3.94(1H,d,J=6.8Hz),2.70-1.12(22H,including singlets at2.54,2.14,2.01,1.80,1.20,1.15,3H each),0.81-0.73(9H,m),0.55-0.31(6H,m).(c)7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇的制备将步骤(b)中产品(24.0g,22.6mmol)的乙腈(250ml)溶液冷却至0℃,然后向其中加入盐酸(6N,1.0ml,6.0mmol)。10分钟后,TLC检测结果(己烷/EtOAC=1∶1)表明反应进行完全。用饱和NaHCO3稀释反应物,再用乙酸乙酯稀释,分出有机层,盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残余油状物用闪柱层析纯化(己烷∶EtOAC=1∶3,然后1∶1)得11.4g(两步合计48%)标题化合物和4.8g(20%)7-表羟基紫杉醇。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.09(2H,m),7.71(2H,m),7.65-7.27(16H,m),7.10(1H,d,8.9Hz),6.39(1H,s),6.16(1H,m),5.81(1H,d,J=8.9,2.4Hz),5.65(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.49(1H,dd,J=10.6,7.2Hz),5.20(1H,d,J=11.9Hz),5.12(1H,d,J=11.9),4.91(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.78(1H,m),4.30(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.15(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.91(1H,d,J=6.8Hz),3.69(1H,d,J=4.9Hz),2.65-1.10(22H,including singlets at 2.39,2.18,1.81,1.75,1.21,1.15,3H each).(d)2’-O-(甲基硫代甲氧基甲基)-7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇的制备
室温下,将三氟甲磺酸银(300mg,1.17mmol)加到7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇(5.53g,5.71mmol),1.1’-二硫甲基二甲基醚(7.8g,57.1mmol),N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(6.35g,28.3mmol)和经烤箱干燥粉末状的分子筛(5.0g)的THF(110ml)溶液中。20分钟后,TLC分析(己烷∶EtOAC=1∶1)显示约40%的起始物转化成更进一步的产品。再加三氟甲磺酸银(150mg,0.585mmol),30分钟后,TLC分析结果约65%的起始物进行了反应。混合物用E-tOAC稀释(100ml),经硅藻土垫板过滤,然后将滤液转入含有200ml饱和NaHCO3和50ml 5%Na2S2O3的分液漏斗中。分出有机层,盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残余油状物经闪式柱层析(己烷∶乙酸乙酯=4∶1至3∶2梯度洗脱)纯化,得3.0g(54%收率)标题化合物,其为浅黄色固体。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCL3)δ8.10(2H,m),7.74(2H,m),7.66-7.25(18H,m),7.05(1H,d,J=8.9Hz),6.40(1H,s),6.26(1H,m),5.77(1H,dd,J=8.8,2.5Hz),5.71(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.51(1H,dd,J=10.6,7.1Hz),5.21(1H,d,J=11.9Hz),5.14(1H,d,J=11.9Hz),4.92(1H,m),4.79(2H,m),4.68(1H,d,J=2.5Hz),4.31(1H,d,J=11.8Hz),4.30(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),4.16(1H,d,J=8.5Hz),4.10(1H,d,J=11.8Hz),3.93(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),2.65-1.10(25Hincluding singlets at 2.50,2.15,2.05,1.74,1.72,1.20,1.15,3H each).(e)2’-O-(二苄基膦酰氧基甲氧基甲基)-7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇的制备
室温下,向2’-O-(甲基硫甲氧基甲基)-7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇(1.06g,1.07mmol)和烤箱干燥的粉末状分子筛(1.0g)的THF(20ml)溶液中加入磷酸二苄酯(1.49g,5.30mmol),然后立即再加N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(2.65g,1.18mmol)。2.5小时后TLC分析结果显示反应大约有60%完成。再加入N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(175mg,0.78mmol),搅拌30分钟,此时再用TLC分析,结果显示反应己进行完全。用EtOAC(50ml)稀释反应物,经硅藻土垫板过滤。将滤液倾到含有100ml饱和NaHCO3和20ml 5%Na2S2O3溶液的分液漏斗中。分出有机层,用盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残余油状物经闪柱层析(己烷/EtOAC=3∶1至1∶1梯度洗脱)纯化,得750mg(62%收率)所需标题化合物,其为白色固体。1H-NMR(360MHz,CDCl3)δ8.10(2H,m),7.79(2H,m),7.65-7.24(26H,m),7.10(1H,m),6.41(1H,s),6.20(1H,m),5.79(1H,dd,J=8.8,3.6Hz),5.65(1H,d,J=7.0Hz),5.52(1H,m),5.20(1H,d,J=11.8Hz),5.11(1H,d,J=11.8Hz),5.04-4.85(6H,m),4.75-4.60(4H,m),4.30(1H,d,8.4Hz),4.15(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.92(1H,d,J=7.0Hz)2.65-1.10(22Hincluding singlets at 2.48,2.19,1.95,1.80,1.20,1.10,3H each).(f)2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧基甲基紫杉醇三乙醇胺盐的制备
将2’-O-(二苄基膦酰氧基甲氧基甲基)-7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇(500mg,0.382mmol)的EtOAC(40ml)溶液置于Parr瓶中,向其中加入Pd/C(10%)。将此容器附加于Parr仪器上,反应物在50psi下进行氢化。振荡6.5小时后,用烧结的玻璃漏斗过滤。向滤液中加入三乙醇胺(0.1N乙酸乙酯溶液,4.0ml),生成的溶液真空浓缩。将粗品悬浮于约5.0ml EtOAC中,倾出溶剂,此过程重复3遍,生成标题三乙醇胺盐(300mg),纯度87%(HPLC检验)。此化合物经C-18柱层析进一步纯化(水∶乙腈=3∶1),得所需标题化合物(120mg,34%),纯度95%(HPLC分析)。1H-NMR(300MHz,CD3COCD3,D2O)δ9.05(1H,d,J=8.7Hz);8.15-7.12(21H,m),6.40(1H,m),6.05(1H,m),5.69-5.55(2H,m),5.01-4.85(6H,m),4.35(1H,m),4.14(2H,m),3.96-3.85(6H,m),3.25(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),3.30-3.15(6H,m)2.50-1.04(22H,includingsinglets at 2.49,2.15,2.05,1.81,1.60,3H each).实例12 3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(异丙氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇
-60℃下,向7-O-甲基硫甲基浆果赤霉素III(408mg,0.603mmol)的10ml THF溶液中加入正丁基锂(0.30ml,2.5M,0.75mmol),搅拌10分钟。然后滴加(3R,4S)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-苯基-N-异丙氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮(320mg,0.88mmol)的6ml THF溶液,30分钟内,使之升温至0℃。用饱和NH4Cl终止反应,用EtOAC提取,与Bu4NF(1.0ml,1.0M,1.0mmol)一起振荡,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(1.5∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得545mg产品,其经丙酮/己烷重结晶,得476mg标题化合物,其为白色固体(84%)。
IR(KBr)3460,1720,1266,1244,1230cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.07(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.59(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.32(m,5H),6.51(s,1H),6.18(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.65(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.50(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.28(d J=8.4Hz,1H),4.91(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.77(m,1H),4.64(bs,3H),4.26(m,2H),4.15(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.83(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.44(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.78(m,1H),2.34(s,3H),2.25(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),2.17(s,3H),2.14(s,1H),2.10(s,3H),1.96(s,3H),1.83(m,1H),1.73(s,3H),1.15(m,12H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ201.8,170.4,169.2,167.0,156.3,140.1,138.3,133.7,133.3,130.2,129.1,128.8,128.6,128.1,126.8,83.8,81.4,78.7,76.0,75.5,74.5,74.0,73.6,72.2,68.9,57.5,56.4,47.1,43.2,35.3,32.9,26.6,22.6,22.0,21.9,20.9,15.1,14.6,10.9FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C46H57NSO15:918.Found:918.Anal.calcd for C46H57NSO15:C,61.66;H,6.41;N,1.56.Found:C,61.63;H,6.36;N,1.68.实例13.3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(正丁氧基羰基)-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇
-60℃下,向7-O-甲基硫甲基浆果赤霉素III(425mG,0.66mmol)的10ml THF溶液中加入正丁基锂(0.30ml,2.5M,0.75mmol),搅拌10分钟,然后滴加入(3R,4S)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-苯基-N-(正丁氧羰基)氮杂环丁-2-酮(350mg,0.93mmol)的6ml THF溶液,30分钟内将其升温至0℃。加饱和NH4Cl终止反应,EtOAC提取,与Bu4NF(1.0ml,1.0M,1.0mmol)一起振荡,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,残渣经硅胶层析(1.5∶1=己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得581mg标题产品,其径甲苯/己烷重结晶得464mg白色固体(77%);
IR(KBr)3444,1722,1372,1242,1108,1066,1026,988cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.08(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.59(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.39-7.11(m,5H),6.51(s,1H),6.20(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.65(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.56(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.29(d J=8.4Hz,1H),4.91(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.65(bs,3H),4.27(m,2H),4.15(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.97(m,2H),3.84(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.45(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),2.78(m,1H),2.33(s,6H),2.25(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),2.17(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),1.96(s,3H),1.83(m,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.62(s,1H),1.48(m,2H),1.19(m,5H),0.83(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ201.9,172.3,170.5,169.2,167.0,156.3,140.1,138.4,133.8,133.4,130.2,129.2,129.0,128.9,128.7,128.2,126.8,125.3,83.9,81.4,78.8,77.3,76.0,75.6,74.6,74.1,73.7,72.2,65.4,57.5,56.5,47.2,43.2,35.4,26.6,22.6,21.5,21.0,18.9,15.1,14.7,13.7,10.9.FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C47H60NSO15:910.Found:910.Anal.calcd for C47H59NSO15:C,62.03;H,6.53;N,1.54.Found:C,62.16;H,6.45;N,1.57.实例143’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇(a)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇的制备
将正丁基锂(0.48ml,2.5M的己烷溶液,1.20mmol)加到HMDS(0.275ml,1.30mmol)的8ml THF溶液中,在-55℃下搅拌5分钟。向此溶液中加入7-O-甲基硫甲基浆果赤霉素III(639mg,0.99mmol)的8ml THF溶液,搅拌10分钟后,再加8ml(3R,4S)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-苯基-N-(叔丁氧羰基)氮杂环丁-2-酮(575mg,1.52mmol)。除去冷浴,用0℃的浴置换,反应液再搅拌30分钟。EtOAC稀释,饱和NH4Cl洗涤,Mg-SO4干燥并浓缩,残渣经硅胶层析纯化(3∶1己烷/EtOAC)得1.0g标题产品(98%);
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.09(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.57(m,1H),7.46(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.35(m,2H),7.26(m,3H),6.55(s,1H),6.25(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.68(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.45(bd,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.27(bd,1H),4.95(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.65(s,2H),4.53(s,1H),4.29(m,2H),4.17(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.89(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.81(m,1H),2.51(s,3H),2.37(dd,J=15.3,9.6Hz,1H),2.17(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.03(s,3H),1.85(m,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.63(d,J=14.1Hz,1H),1.29(s,9H),1.21(s,6H),0.76(t,J=7.8Hz,9H),0.36(m,6H);13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202.0,171.6,170.1,169.3,167.1,155.2,141.0,139.0,133.6,132.8,130.2,129.2,128.7,128.5,127.7,126.4,83.9,81.2,79.9,78.9,76.0,75.7,75.2,74.8,74.2,71.3,57.3,56.7,47.0,43.3,35.3,33.0,28.2,26.4,23.0,21.5,21.0,15.0,14.4,10.9,6.5,4.3;IR(film)3448(s),1720,1242,1120,1056cm-1.FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C53H74NSSiO15:1024.4549.Found:1024.4583.(b)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇的制备
向3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇(269mg,0.26mmol)的6ml THF溶液中加入四丁基铵氟化物(0.3ml,1.0M的THF溶液,0.3mmol),搅拌10分钟。用EtOAC稀释,盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,残渣经硅胶柱层析(1∶1=己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得240mg标题产品(95%);
IR(film)3440,1720,1370,1242,1170,1108,1066,756cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.06(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.57(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.35(m,5H),6.52(s,1H),6.16(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.64(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.43(bd,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.24(bd,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.91(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.63(m,3H),4.26(m,2H),4.14(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.83(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.46(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),2.77(m,1H),2.34(s,3H),2.27(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),2.16(s,3H),2.09(s,3H),1.97(s,3H),1.79(m,2H),1.72(s,3H),1.32(s,9H),1.19(s,3H),1.18(s,3H);13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202.0,172.7,170.3,169.2,167.0,155.3,140.3,138.4,133.7,133.2,130.2,129.1,128.8,128.7,128.0,126.7,83.9,81.3,80.2,78.6,76.5,76.1,75.4,74.6,74.0,73.6,72.3,57.4,56.1,47.1,43.2,35.3,32.8,28.2,26.5,22.6,21.0,15.1,14.6,10.9.FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C47H60NO15S:910.3684.Found:910.3706.实例153’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-2’-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-甲基硫代甲基紫杉醇
向3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇(428mg,0.47mmol)的10ml CH2Cl2溶液中加入二异丙基乙基胺(0.85ml,4.8mmol)和DMAP(20mg),并将其冷却至0℃。然后向其中加入氯代甲酸乙酯(0.25ml,2.6mmol),搅拌1小时,EtOAC稀释,NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,所得残渣经硅胶(1∶1=己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得428mg标题化合物的碳酸乙酯(92%);
IR(film)3448(w),1750,1720,1370,1244,1064cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.09(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.59(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.39(m,2H),7.31(m,3H),6.55(s,1H),6.25(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),5.68(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.40(bm,2H),5.25(s,1H),4.95(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.65(s,2H),4.29(m,2H),4.15(m,3H),3.88(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.81(m,1H),2.43(s,3H),2.32(m,1H),2.21(m,1H),2.16(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),2.08(s,3H),1.84(m,1H),1.74(s,3H),1.62(s,1H),1.32(s,9H),1.28(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.20(s,6H);13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202.0,169.7,169.1,168.1,167.0,155.1,154.1,141.0,137.2,133.6,132.9.130.2.,129.2,128.9,128.7,128.2,126.4,83.9,81.2,80.4,78.9,76.5,76.0,75.8,74.8,74.2,72.0,65.1,57.4,47.1,43.3,35.1,33.0,28.1,26.4,22.7,21.3,20.9,15.0,14.5,14.1,10.9..FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C50H64NSO17:982.3895.Found:982.3874.实例16.3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫甲基-10-脱乙酰基-10-羟甲基羰基(紫杉醇)(a)7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-10-脱乙酰基-10-苄氧基甲基羰基浆果赤霉素III
向-60℃下向7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(3.85g,5.85mmol)的40ml THF溶液中加入n-BuLi(2.6ml,2.5M己烷溶液,6.5mmol),搅拌5分钟后加苄氧乙酰基氯(1.0ml,6.5mmol)。-60℃下搅拌30分钟后,升温至室温,溶液用EtOAC稀释,NaHCO3洗涤,MgSO4干燥,浓缩,残渣经硅胶层析(2∶1然后1∶1=己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得4.36g产品(92%);
IR(film)3478(br),1724,1270,1244,1136,1110,1070cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.08(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.60-7.23(m,8H),6.54(s,1H),5.60(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.94(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.79(bq,1H),4.69(s,2H),4.49(dd,J=10.5,6.6Hz,1H),4.26(m,2H),4.12(m,1H),3.85(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.52(m,1H),2.26(s,3H),2.23(m,2H),2.18(s,3H),2.10(m,1H),1.86(m,1H),1.66(s,3H),1.14(s,3H),0.99(s,3H),0.91(t,J=7.5Hz,9H),0.56(m,6H).Anal.Calcd.for C44H58SiO12:C,65.49;H,7.24.Found:C,65.33;H,7.27.FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C44H59SiO12 807.Found:807.(b)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-10-去乙酰基-10-苄氧甲基(紫杉醇)
-60℃下向7-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-10-去乙酰基-10-苄氧甲基羰基浆果赤霉素III(1.21g,1.66mmol)的50ml THF溶液中加入n-BuLi(0.7ml,2.5M己烷溶液,1.75mmol),搅拌5分钟后,加入(3R,4S)-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-苯基-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-氮杂环丁-2-酮(1.2g,3.2mmol)。-60℃下搅拌5分钟后,再于0℃下搅拌30分钟,EtOAC稀释,饱和NH4Cl洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,残渣经硅胶层析(3∶1然后1∶1=己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得980mg产品(53%)。将此产品溶于6ml乙腈中,冷至0℃,与0.60ml 6N HCl搅拌19小时。用EtOAC稀释溶液,饱和NaHCO3洗涤,MgSO4干燥,硅胶层析(1∶1=己烷/乙酸乙酯),得570mg产品(35%);
IR(film)3448(br),1716,1496,1368,1316,1270,1246,1176,1108,1070,1026cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.08(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.59(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.36(m,10H),6.38(s,1H),6.20(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),5.65(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.39(bd,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.93(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.69(s,2H),4.60(bs,1H),4.39(m,1H),4.28(m,3H),4.15(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.78(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),3.40(bs,1H),2.54(m,1H),2.43(m,1H),2.36(s,3H),2.28(m,2H),1.84(s,4H),1.72(m,1H),1.67(s,3H),1.31(s,9H),1.23(m,1H),1.21(s,3H),1.10(s,3H).Anal.Calcd.for C52H61NO16:C,65.33;H,6.43;N,1.46.Found:C,64.97;H,6.44;N,1.43.FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C52H61NO16Na 978.Found:978.(c)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-O-苄氧羰基-7-O-甲基硫代甲基-10-去乙酰基-10-苄氧甲基羰基(紫杉醇)的制备
0℃下,向3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-10-去乙酰基-10-苄氧甲基羰基(紫杉醇)(570mg,0.59mmol)的10mlCH2Cl2溶液中加入二异丙基乙基胺(0.15ml,0.86mmol)和Cb2Cl(0.10ml,0.70mmol)。溶液搅拌1小时,并同时慢慢升温至室温。溶液用NaHCO3洗涤,MgSO4干燥并浓缩,将残渣溶于10ml乙腈中,0℃下与过氧苯甲酰(780mg,3.22mmol)及二甲硫醚(0.50ml,6.8mmol)一起搅拌,同时在75分钟内慢慢升温至室温。溶液用EtOAC稀释,饱和NaHCO3洗涤,MgSO4干燥,硅胶层析(2∶1=己烷/EtOAC),得412mg标题产品(65%);IR(film)3438,1754,1722,1368,1272,1244,1176,1110,1066,1028Cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.11(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.61(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.49(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.35(m,15H),6.67(s,1H),6.26(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.69(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.41(bm,2H),5.29(s,1H),5.14(ABq,J=12,5.7Hz,2H),4.98(d,J=8Hz,1H),4.72(m,4H),4.32(m,3H),4.19(m,2H),3.90(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),2.85(m,1H),,2.45(m,1H),2.44(s,3H),2.34(m,1H),2.24(m,1H),2.15(s,3H),2.12(s,3H),1.87(m,1H),1.77(s,3H),1.33(s,9H),1.19(s,6H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5MHz)δ201.6,169.7,168.7,168.0,167.0,155.1,154.1,141.6,137.1,134.4,133.7,132.5,130.2,129.2,128.9,128.8,128.7,128.5,128.4,128.2,128.0,128.0,126.4,83.9,81.2,80.4,78.8,77.2,76.2,75.8,74.7,74.3,73.4,72.0,70.6,67.1,57.4,54.1,47.1,43.2,35.2,32.9,28.1,26.4,22.7,21.3,15.2,14.6,10.9.FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C62H71NO18SNa 1172.Found:1172.(d)3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫甲基-10-去乙酰基-10-羟甲羰基(紫杉醇)的制备
向3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-2-O-苄氧甲羰基-7-O-甲基硫甲基-10-脱乙酰基-10-苄氧羰基(紫杉醇)(377mg,0.35mmol)的30ml乙醇溶液中加入总量为450mg10%Pd/C催化剂,在氢大气下搅拌120小时。经硅藻土滤除催化剂,浓缩溶液。残渣经硅胶层析(20%CH3CN/79%CH2Cl2/1%MeOH)纯化,得190mg标题化合物(65%);
IR(film)3444(br),1724,1368,1246,1174,1096,1070,1026,988cm-1;1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.07(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.59(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.35(m,5H),6.65(s,1H),6.17(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.65(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.39(bd,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.26(bd,1H),4.93(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.67(m,3H),4.28(m,5H),3.83(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.44(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),2.77(m,1H),,2.50(m,1H),2.36(s,3H),2.29(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.13(bs,3H),2.01(s,3H),1.82(m,2H),1.74(s,3H),1.33(s,9H),1.18(s,3H),1.16(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5MHz)δ201.5,171.7,170.3,167.0,155.4,141.3,133.7,132.7,130.2,129.0,128.8,128.7,128.1,126.8,83.8,81.3,80.2,78.6,75.0,74.4,74.0,73.6,72.3,60.6,57.4,56.2,47.2,43.2,35.3,32.6,28.2,26.5,22.6,21.0,15.5,14.7,10.8.FABMS(NOBA)M+Na calcd for C47H59NO16SNa 948.Found:948.实例17.3’-N-脱苯甲酰基-3’-N-(叔丁氧羰基)-7-O-甲基硫甲基-3’-脱苯基-3’-异丁烯基紫杉醇
-60℃下向7-O-甲基硫甲基浆果赤霉素III(1.5g,2.3mmol)的30ml THF中加入n-BuLi((1.0ml,2.5M的己烷溶液,2.5mmol),搅拌10分钟。然后向其中滴加(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷氧基-4-异丁烯基-N-叔丁氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮(3.3g,9.3mmol)的10ml THF溶液。溶液于0℃下搅拌30分钟后加饱和NH4Cl终止反应,乙酸乙酯提取,溶液经MgSO4干燥,浓缩,残渣经硅胶层析(3∶1=己烷/EtOAC)纯化,将所得产品溶于100ml THF中,与Bu4NF(2.3ml,1.0M的THF溶液,2.3mmol)振荡,乙酸乙酯稀释,盐水洗涤,溶液经MgSO4干燥,浓缩,残渣经硅胶层析(1.5∶1己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得1.6g标题化合物(78%);
IR(film)3452(br),1724,1370,1242,1096,1066 cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.07(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.59(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.45(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.54(s,1H),6.11(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),5.66(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.29(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.94(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.75(m,2H),4.64(ABq,J=12.0,2.7Hz,2H),4.29(m,2H),4.20(m,2H),3.86(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.37(bd,1H),2.79(m,1H),2.35(s,6H),2.16(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),1.82(m,1H),1.74(s,9H),1.34(s,9H),1.23(s,3H),1.20(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ202,170.2,169.2,166.9,155.4,140.6,138.0,133.7,133.1,130.1,129.2,128.6,120.6,83.8,81.2,79.9,78.7,77.2,76.1,75.5,74.6,74.0,73.7,72.2,57.4,51.5,47.1,43.2,35.4,32.9,28.2,26.4,25.8,22.4,21.0,18.6,15.1,14.8,10.9.FABMS(NOBA)M+H calcd for C45H62NSO15 888. Found:888.实例18.7-O-甲基硫甲基-3’-脱苯基-3’-异丁烯基紫杉醇
按照实例17所述方法,从7-O-甲基硫甲基浆果赤霉素III和(±)-顺-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-4-异丁烯基-N-苯甲酰基氮杂环丁-2-酮制备标题化合物。
实例19.3’-脱苯基-3’-(2-呋喃基)-2’-O-乙氧基羰基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇
按照实例7(a)和7(b)所述方法从(3R,4R)-1-苯甲酰基-4-(2-呋喃基)-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-2-氮杂环丁酮和7-O-甲基硫甲基浆果赤霉素III制备标题化合物。实例20.2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(a)2’-O-正丙基羰基紫杉醇的制备
将紫杉醇(15.0g,17.5mmol)和二异丙基乙基胺(18.3ml,105mmol)的CH2Cl2(175ml)溶液冷却至0℃,2分钟内滴加丁酰氯(5.49ml,52.4mmol)。将混合物升温至室温,再搅拌16小时,使之在EtOAC/饱和NH4Cl之间进行分配,有机层用饱和NaH-CO3和盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残渣经闪柱层析(己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得标题酯化合物(15.9g,98%收率),其为白色固体。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.13-8.05(2H,m),7.75-7.65(2H,m),7.62-7.30(11H,m),6.88(1H,d,J=9.0Hz),6.26(1H,s),6.23(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz),5.92(1H,dd,J=9.3,6.0Hz),5.65(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),5.48(1H,d,J=3.2Hz),4.94(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),4.21(1H,dd,J=10.4,6.5Hz),4.28(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.17(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.78(1H,d,J=7.0Hz),2.64-1.02(26H,m,including singlets at 2.43,2.19,1.91,1.65,1.65,1.20,1.10,3H each),0.87(3H,dd,J=8.2Hz).(b)2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇的制备
将2’-O-正丙基羰基紫杉醇(14.4g,15.6mmol)和二甲硫醚(9.23ml,124.8mmol)的乙腈(312ml)溶液冷却至-40℃,然后加入过氧苯甲酰(15.1g,62.3mmol),反应混合物在1小时内升温至室温。用TLC(己烷/EtOAC,1∶1)检测,显示反应完全。然后用EtOAC稀释混合物,有机层用饱和NaHCO3及盐水洗涤,然后经MgSO4干燥,真空浓缩。残渣油经闪式柱层析(己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得标题化合物(14.4g,93%),其为白色固体;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.21-8.19(2H,m),7.72-7.70(2H,m),7.62-7.26(11H,m),6.92(3H,s),6.20(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz),5.92(1H,dd,J=9.0,3.1Hz),5.66(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.51(1H,d,J=3.2Hz),4.92(1H,d,J=8.2Hz),4.68-4.59(2H,m),4.32-4.26(2H,m),4.15(1H,d,J=8.3Hz),3.86(1H,d,J=6.8Hz),2.77(1H,m),2.50-1.05(25H,m),0.87(3H,dd,J=7.3Hz).(c)2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇的制备
室温下,将N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(4.9g,21.8mmol)一次加到2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇(10.7g,11.0mmol),磷酸二苄酯(15.3g,55.0mmol)和5g烤箱干燥的3A分子筛的THF(200ml)溶液中,混合物搅拌1小时,用TLC(己烷/乙酸乙酯=1∶1)检测,结果显示反应进行完全。用EtOAC将反应液稀释至2倍原体积,经硅藻土床过滤,将滤液倾入饱和NaHCO3中(含有1%Na2S2O3(重量比))。有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗涤4次,然后用盐水洗涤。水层再用EtOAC反提,合并有机层,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残渣油经闪式层析(己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得标题化合物的磷酸二苄酯(9.9g,76%收率),其为白色固体;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.10-8.08(2H,m),7.74-7.71(2H,m),7.61-7.25(21H,m),6.94(1H,d,J=9.0Hz),6.31(1H,s),6.20(1H,dd,J=8.7Hz),5.91(1H,dd,J=9.0,3.1Hz),5.64(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.49(1H,d,J=3.0Hz),5.39(1H,dd,J=6.6Hz),5.05-4.98(5H,m),4.86(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.26-4.12(3H,m),3.84(1H,d,J=6.8Hz),2.82-2.71(1H,m),2.52-1.05(26H,m,including singlets at 2.43,2.18,1.97,1.69,1.22,1.20,3H each)0.90-0.85(3H,dd,J=7.3Hz).(d)2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
向用N2气清洗过的Parr氢化容器中加和2.5g10%Pd/C,然后再加纯净的EtOAC(150ml)和2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇(4.9g,4.14mmol)的EtOAC(40ml)溶液。将反应容器固定于Parr氢化器上,抽真空,然后加50psi的氢气,此氢化混合物振荡5小时后用TLC(己烷/EtOAC)检测起始物质的消耗情况。将反应混合物置于真空下,再用N2气清洗,用烧结的玻璃漏斗过滤,滤液真空下浓缩,得标题化合物(3.7g,91%收率),其经1H-NMR分析为纯品。(e),2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙醇胺盐的制备
向2’-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(1.18,1.09mmol)的CH2CL2(59ml)溶液中加入0.1M三乙醇胺(10.9ml,1.09ml)的EtOAC溶液。生成的混合物在室温下搅拌5分钟。减压下浓缩反应物,生成的白色固体先溶于最小量的CH2Cl2EtOAC混合物中,然后向其中加入已烷,得所需胺盐的沉淀,其为白色固体。倾出上清液,得白色固体胺盐,HPLC分析显示其纯度>95%;
1H-NMR(Acetone-d6,D2O,300MHz)δ8.09-8.07(2H,m),7.86-7.84(2H),7.69-7.24(11H,m),7.24(1H,dd,J=7.5Hz),6.36(1H,s),6.05(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz),5.85(1H,d,J=6.7Hz),5.61(1H,d,J=7.0Hz),5.49(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.15-5.13(1H,m),4.98(1H,d,J=8.2Hz),4.87(1H,dd,J=12.1Hz,6.4Hz),4.12(bs,2H),3.89-3.80(7H,m),3.36-3.30(6H,m),2.95-2.93(1H,m),2.42-1.50(25H,m,including singlets at 2.42,2.22,1.93,1.66,3H each),1.13(bs,6H),0.86-0.81(2H,dd,J=7.4Hz).实例21.2’-O-甲基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇。
将紫杉醇(8.0g,9.37mmol)和二异丙基乙基胺(4.8g,28.1mmol)的CH2CL2(140ml)溶液冷却至0℃,2分钟内向其中滴入乙酰氯(1.0ml,14.1mmol)。将混合物升温至室温,搅拌10分钟。然后使之在EtoAc和饱和NH4CL之间分配,有机层用饱和NaH-CO3及盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,残渣经闪式层析,(已烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得2’-O-乙酰基紫杉醇(7.7g,92%),其为白色固体;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.10-8.08(2H,m),7.92-7.90(1H,m),7.89-7.70(2H,m),7.60-7.29(11H,m),6.94(1H,d,J=9.2Hz),6.26(1H,s),6.23(1H,dd,J=9.5Hz),5.93(1H,dd,J=9.2,3.1Hz),5.65(1H,d,J=7.0Hz),5.48(1H,d,J=3.2Hz),4.94(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),4.42(1H,dd,J=10.8Hz,6.6Hz),4.28(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.16(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.78(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),2.60-1.02(25H,m,including singlets at2.42,2.19,2.12,1.90,1.65,1.25,1.11,3H each).(b)2’-O酰基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇的制备
将2’-O-乙酰基紫杉醇(7.7g,8.60mmol)和二甲硫醚(5.1ml,68.8mmol)的乙腈(200ml)溶液冷却至-40℃,向其中加入过氧苯甲酰(8.3g,34.4mmol),然后在1小时之内将反应混合物的温度升至室温。用TLC(已烷/EtoAc稀释反应物,生成的有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗涤3次后再用盐水洗涤。有机相经Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残渣油状物经闪柱层析(已烷/EtoAc)纯化,得标题中物的甲基硫甲基醚化物(7.39g,90%收率),其为白色固体;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.10-8.08(2H,m),7.77-7.73(2H,m),7.65-7.26(11H,m),6.53(3H,2),6.20(1H,dd,J=8.3Hz),5.92(1H,dd,J=12.2,3.1Hz),5.67(1H,d,J=7.0Hz),5.51(1H,d,J=3.2Hz),4.94(1H,d,J=8.2Hz),4.69-4.60(3H,m),4.33-4.28(2Hm),4.27(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.86(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),2.84-2.74(1H,m),2.50-1.1(28H,m,includingsinglets at 2.41,2.15,2.13,2.11,2.06,1.73,1.18,1.15,3H each).(C)2’-O-乙酰基-7-O(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇的制备
室温下,将N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(1.75g,7.85mmol)一次加到2’-O-乙酰基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇(5.0g,5.23mmol),磷酸二苄酯(7.3g,26.1mmol)和5g烤箱干燥的3A分子筛的THF(104ml)溶液中,混合物搅拌1.5小时。TLC分析(已烷/EtoAc,1∶1)结果显示反应已进行完全。用EtoAc稀释混合物体积至2倍,经硅藻土床过滤,将滤液倾入含有1%Na2S2O3(重量比)的饱和NaH-CO3溶液中。有机层用饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤4次,再用盐水洗涤。水层用EtoAc反提取,合并有机层,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,残渣油状物经闪柱层析(已烷/EtoAc)纯化,得标题化合物的磷酸二苄酯(4.9g,80%收率),其为白色固体。(b)2,-O-乙酰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
向一个用N2气清洗过的Parr氢化容器中加入700mg10%pd/c,然后再加纯净乙酸乙酯(130ml)和2’-O-乙酰基-7-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇(1.0g,0.84mmol)的乙酸乙酯(40ml)溶液。将反应容器固定于Parr氢化器上,置于真空下,然后加50psi的氢气。反应混合物振荡6小时后,用TLC分析(已烷/乙酸乙酯)测定起始物的消耗情况。然后将反应液置于真空下,再次用N2气清洗,此非均匀混合物用烧结的玻璃漏斗过滤,浓缩滤液,得白色固体(848mg),1H-NMR分析显示其为所需标题化合物(50%)及2’-O-乙酰基紫杉醇的混合物。(e)2’-O-乙酰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙醇胺盐的制备
向2’-O-乙酰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(424mg,0.42mmol)和前述的副产品2’-O-乙酰基紫杉醇的CH2Cl2(15ml)溶液中加入0.1M三乙醇胺(3.7ml,3.8mmol)的EtoAc溶液,混合物于室温下搅拌10分钟,真空浓缩,生成的白色固体经C18柱层析(水/乙腈=2.3∶1)纯化,得所需胺盐化物(310mg,72%),HPLC观测结果其纯度>96%;
1H-NMR(Acetone-d6,D2O,300MHz)δ8.08-8.05(2H,m),7.86-7.83(2H,m),7.69-7.24(11H,m),7.23(1H,dd,J=7.4Hz),6.35(1H,s),6.02(1H,dd,J=8.3Hz),5.79(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.59(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),5.45(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.12(1H,dd,J=6.4Hz),4.95(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.86(1H,dd,J=11.5,6.5Hz),4.24-4.18(1H,m),4.12(2H,bs),3.92-3.89(6H,m),3.80-3.77(1H,m),3.46-3.43(6H,m),3.00-2.89(1H,m),2.39-1.65(21H includingsinglets at 2.39,2.14,2.12,1.92,1.65,1.11 3Heach)1.11(6H,bs).实例22,2’-O-甲氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(a)2′-O-甲氧羰基紫杉醇的制备
2分钟内向冷却至0℃的紫杉醇(8.9g,9.60mmol)和二异丙基胺(5.0ml,28.8mmol)的CH2CL2(96ml)溶液中滴入碳酸氯代甲酯(1.11ml,14.4mmol)。然后将其升温至室温并搅拌20小时。使混合物在EtoAc和饱和NH4Cl之间进行分配,有机相用饱和NaHCO3洗涤,再用盐水洗涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,残渣油状物用闪柱层析(已烷/EtOAc)纯化,得标题化合物(7.8g,91.3%),其为无色固体;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.12-8.09(2H,m),7.72-7.70(2H,m),7.62-7.30(11H,m),6.96(1H,d,J=9.3Hz),629-6.23(3H,m),5.95(1H,dd,J=9.3,2.5Hz),5.66(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),5.38(1H,d,J=2.6Hz),4.94(1H,d,J=7.8Hz),4.41(1H,dd,J=10.8,6.6Hz),4.28(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),4.17(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.79-3.78(3H,m),2.60-1.04(22H,m,including singlets at 2.43,2.19,1.90,1.65,1.22,1.10,3H each).(b)2’-O-甲氧羰基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇的制备
向冷却至-40℃的2’-O-甲氧羰基紫杉醇(7.4g,8.10mmol)和二甲硫醚(4.8ml,64.8mmol)的乙腈(162ml)溶液中加入过氧苯甲酰(7.48g,32.4mmol),反应混合物1小时内升温至室温,用TLC检测(已烷/EtoAc=1∶1)表示反应进行完全。用EtoAc稀释之,有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗涤3次,然后用盐水先涤,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,残渣油经闪柱层析(已烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得标题化合物(7.4g,95%),其为白色固体;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.25-8.23(2H,m),7.87-7.77(2H,m),7.60-7.30(11H,m),6.93(1H,d,J=9.2Hz),6.53(1H,s),6.25(1H,dd,J=8.2Hz),5.95(1H,dd,J=11.7,2.4Hz),5.68(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.40(1H,d,J=2.6Hz),4.95(1H,d,J=8.1Hz),4.69-4.60(2H,m),4.31-4.26(2H,m),4.16(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),3.86(1H,J=6.9Hz),3.79(3H,s),2.84-2.74(1H,m),2.43-1.10(25H,including singlets at 2.44,2.15,2.10,2.08,1.73,1.19,1.16 3H).(C)2’-O-甲氧羰基-7-O-(二苄基膦酰氧基甲基)紫杉醇的制备
室温下,将N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(1.74g,7.77mmol)一次加到2’-O-甲氧羰基紫杉醇(5.04g,5.18mmol)和5g烤箱干燥的3A分子筛的THF(100ml)溶液中,生成的混合物搅拌1.5小时。TLC分析(己烷/EtOAC=1∶1)表示反应已进行完全。用EtOAC稀释混合物至原体积的2倍,经硅藻土床过滤,将滤液倾入饱和NaHCO3(含有1%Na2S2O3(重量比))中,有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗涤4次,然后用盐水洗涤。水层用EtOAC反提取,合并有机层,Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩。残渣油经闪柱层析(己烷/EtOAC)纯化,得标题化合物(5.1g,96%),其为白色固体;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.12-8.08(2H,m),7.73-7.70(2H,m),7.62-7.27(21H,m),7.00(1H,d,J=9.2Hz),6.31(1H,s),6.24-6.21(1H,m),5.96-5.92(1H,m),5.66-5.64(1H,m),5.40-5.36(2H,m),5.05-4.93(5H,m),4.87-4.84(1H,m),4.29-4.05(3H,m),3.85-3.83(1H,m),3.77(3H,s),2.81-2.71(1H,m),2.62-1.05(22H,m,including singlets at 2.43,2.19,2.01,1.73,1.22,1.15,3H each).(d)2’-O-甲氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
向N2气清洗过的Parr氢化容器中加入1.3g10%Pd/c,然后再加纯净的EtoAc(140ml)和2’-O-甲氧羰基-7-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇(3.4g,3.32mmol)的乙酸乙酯(40ml)溶液。将反应容器固定于Parr氢化器上,置于真空下,向其中加入压力为50PSi的氢气。混合物振荡8.5小时后,用TLC分析(已烷/EtoAc)起始物的消耗情况。然后将反应物置于真空下,再用N2所清洗。此非均匀溶液经烧结的玻璃漏斗过滤,真空浓缩滤液,得白色固体(2.9g),其1HNMR分析结果显示为所需标题物(67%)和2’-O-甲氧羰基紫杉醇(33%)混合物。(e)2’-O-甲氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇三乙醇胺盐的制备
向2’-O-甲氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(1.91g,1.87mmol)和前述的副产品2’-O-甲氧羰基紫杉醇的CH2Cl2(11ml)溶液加入0.1M三乙醇胺(18.9ml,1.89mmol)的EtoAc溶液,混合物于室温下搅拌5分钟。真空浓缩,生成的白色固体经C18层析(水/乙腈=2.3∶1)纯化,冷却干燥后得三乙醇胺盐,HPLC分析显示其纯度为>97%;
1H-NMR(Acetone-d6,D2O,300MHz)δ8.08-8.06(2H,m),7.88-7.55(2H,m),7.69-7.24(11H,m),7.24(1H,dd,J=7.3Hz),6.36(1H,m),6.05(1H,dd,J=8.8Hz),5.82(1H,d,J=6.8Hz),5.60(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),5.46(1H,d,J=6.9Hz),5.13(1H,dd,J=6.5Hz),5.98(1H,d,J=8.1Hz),4.87(1H,dd,J=11.8Hz,6.3Hz),4.21(1H,dd,J=10.3,6.9Hz),4.13(bs,6H),3.92-3.89(6H,m),3.81(1H,d,J=7.02),3.76(3H,s),3.46-3.42(6H,m),3.01-2.90(1H,m),2.42(3H,s),2.20-1.80(10H,includingsinglets at 2.20,1.93),1.66(3H,s),1.12(6H,bs).实例23,2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
(a)2’-O-甲基硫甲氧基甲基紫杉醇的制备
将pd/c(10%)(3g)加到置于Parr瓶中的2’-O-甲基硫甲氧基甲基-7-O-苄氧羰基紫杉醇(1.2g,1.11mmol)的EtoAc(100ml)和乙醇(70ml)溶液中,将此容器固定于Parr设备上,向其中充入H2气至50PSi。混合物振荡20.5小时,经烧结玻璃漏斗过滤。滤液真空浓缩,残渣油状物经闪式柱层析(已烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得所需化合物(0.98g,93%),其为固体。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz),δ8.12-8.10(2H,m),7.76-7.73(2H,m),7.61-7.27(11H,m),7.03(1H,d,J=8.9Hz),6.40-6.27(1H,m),6.25(1H,s),5.80(1H,dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz),5.66(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),4.98-4.94(1H,m),4.86-4.79(2H,m),4.75-4.68(1H,m),4.43-4.39(1H,m),4.31-4.26(2H,m),4.05(1H,d,J=11.7Hz),3.78(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),2.60-1.06(25H,m,including singlets at2.45,2.21,2.02,1.85,1.66,1.22,1.11,3H each).(b)2’-O-甲基硫甲氧基甲基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇的制备
向冷却至-40℃的2’-O-甲基硫甲氧甲基紫杉醇(0.98g,1.03mmol)和二甲硫醚(0.6ml,8.11mmol)的乙腈(20ml)溶液中加入过氧苯甲酰(1.09g,4.13mmol),混合物在30分钟内升温至室温,用TLC分析(已烷/乙酸乙酯=1∶1)表明反应已进行完全。混合物用EtoAc稀释,有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗涤3次,再用盐水先涤。有机层经Na2SO4干燥,真空浓缩,残渣油经闪式柱层析(已烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得标题化合物(0.945g,91%),其为白色固体;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.13-8.11(2H,m),7.79-7.77(2H,m),7.61-7.29(11H,m),6.54(1H,s),6.30-6.26(1H,m),5.83-5.80(1H,m),5.71-5.69(1H,m),5.01-4.66(6H,m),4.34-4.04(5H,m),3.88(1H,d,J=6.6Hz),2.90-2.80(1H,m),2.55-1.05(27H,m,including singlets at 2.51,2.18,2.11,1.80,1.21,1.20,3H each).(c)2’-O-二苄基膦酰氧甲氧甲基-7-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇的制备
室温下,将N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(0.615g,2.74mmol)一次加到2’-O-甲基硫甲氧基甲基-7-O-甲基硫甲基紫杉醇(0.92g,0.916mmol),磷酸二苄酯(2.03g,7.30mmol)和1g烤箱干燥的3A分子筛的THF(18ml)溶液中,溶液搅拌30分钟。TLC分析表明(已烷/乙酸乙酯=1∶2)反应已进行完全。用EtoAc稀释混合物至原体积2倍,经硅藻土床过滤。将滤液倾入含1%Na2S2O3(重量比)的饱和NaHCO3溶液中,有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗涤4次,然后用盐水洗涤。水层用EtoAc反提取,合并有机层,Na2SO4干燥,真空干燥。残渣油经闪式硅胶层析(已烷/EtoAc)纯化,得标题化合物(0.768g,58%),其为白色固体。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ8.10-8.05(2H,m),7.80-7.74(2H,m),7.65-7.27(11H,m),6.30(1H,s),6.25-6.18(1H,m),5.82(1H,dd,J=9.1,3.4Hz),5.63(1H,dd,J=6.9Hz),5.38(1H,dd,J=6.6Hz),5.10-4.60(15H,m),4.30-4.10(3H,m),3.80(1H,d,J=6.8Hz),2.85-2.65(1H,m),2.50-1.60(22H,m,including singlets at2.47,2.16,1.91,1.72,1.88,1.15,3H each).(d)2’-O膦酰氧甲氧甲基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇的制备
向用N2气清洗过的Parr氢化容器中加入1.3g 10% pd/c、然后再加纯净的EtoAc(110ml)和2’-O-二苄基膦酰氧基甲氧甲基-7-O-(二苄基膦酰氧甲基)紫杉醇(0.721g,0.498mmol)的EtoAc(40ml)溶液。将反应容器固定于Parr氢化器上,置于真空下,向其中加入压力为50PSi的氢气。混合物振荡16小时后,用TLC分析(已烷/EtoAc)显示起始物的消耗情况。然后将反应物置于真空下,再用N2气清洗。此混合物经烧结的玻璃漏斗过滤,真空浓缩滤液,得标题化合物(0.413g),其纯度经HPLC分析纯度为60%。(e),2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧甲基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇双-三乙醇胺的制备,向粗的2’-O-膦酰氧甲氧甲基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇(413mg)的CH2Cl2(10ml)溶液中加入0.1M三乙醇胺(7.6ml,0.076mmol)的EtOAC溶液,生成的混合物于室温下搅拌5分钟。真空浓缩,生成的白色固体,经C18层析(水/乙腈=9∶1-5.6∶1)纯化。用HPLC检测,将含所需化合物纯度>96%的组份合并,在旋转蒸发器上除去乙腈。生成的胺盐水溶液经冷冻干燥,得所需盐(0.210g,两步合计收率为30%),其为白色固体。
1H-NMR(Acetone-d6,D2O,300MHz)δ7.97-7.94(2H,m),7.79-7.76(2H,m),7.67-7.33(11H,m),7.12-7.07(1H,m),6.26(1H,s),5.89(1H,dd,J=8.6Hz),5.48(1H,d,J=7.9Hz),5.00-4.79(8H,m),4.70(1H,d,J=8.1Hz),4.15-4.03(3H,m),3.74-3.66(7H,m),3.14-2.86(8H,m),2.33-1.00(20H,m,includingsinglets at 2.33,2.10,1.88,1.56,1.02,1.00,3Heach).附加实例
按照前述的实例提供的一般方法和描述可以制备下列包含在式(A)范围之内的化合物。
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | Ph | 4-F-Ph-4-CH3-Ph2-呋喃基2-噻吩基(CH3)2CH-异丁烯基(2-甲基-1-丙烯基)*c-C3H6-3-呋喃基3-噻吩基2-丙烯基 |
*“c”代表环
RI-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | RII′H | RIIOH | RIIIAcO | RIVPh | RV4-CF3-Ph-2-呋喃基(CH3)2CH-2-噻吩基异丁烯基环丙基3-噻吩基3-呋喃基2-丙烯基异丙基 |
CH3CH2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | Ph | 4-F-Ph-2-噻吩基1:异丙基2-丙烯基异丁烯基c)环丙基12-呋喃基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基 |
-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OHHCH3CH2OC(O)O- | OH | (CH3)3CO- | 苯基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OHCH3CH2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OH | (CH3)3CO- | 苯基 |
-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | HCH3CH2OC(O)O- | AcO | 苯基 | 苯基 |
OHCH3OC(O)O-CH3CH2OC(O)O-CH3(CH2)2OC(O)O-CH3(CH2)3OC(O)O-CCl3CH2OC(O)O-CH3C(O)O-CH3CH2(O)O-CH3(CH2)2C(O)O-CH3(CH2)3C(O)O-PhC(O)O-PhOC(O)O-CH2=CHCH2OC(O)O-PhCH2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | 苯基 | 苯基 |
OH | H | OH | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | 苯基 | 苯基 |
OH | H | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | 苯基 | 苯基 |
-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | H | H | (CH3)3CO- | 4-CH3O-Ph |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
CH3OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
CH3CH2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
CH3(CH2)2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
CH3(CH2)3OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
CCl3CH2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
CH3C(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
CH3CH2(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
CH3(CH2)2C(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
CH3(CH2)3C(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
PhC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
PhOC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
CH2=CHCH2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
PhCH2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丁基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基环丁基3-噻吩基2-噻吩基异丙基 |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基环丁基3-噻吩基2-噻吩基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | Isopropyloxy | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基2-噻吩基异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基环丁基3-噻吩基异丙基 |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | Isopropyloxy | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基2-噻吩基异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基环丁基3-噻吩基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OHCH3OC(O)O-CH3CH2OC(O)O-CH3(CH2)2OC(O)O-CH3(CH2)3OC(O)O-CCl3CH2OC(O)O-CH3C(O)O-Ch3CH2(O)O-CH3(CH2)2C(O)O-CH3(CH2)3C(O)O-PhC(O)O-PhOC(O)O-CH2=CHCH2OC(O)O-PhCH2OC(O)O- | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 3-呋喃基异丁烯基2-丙烯基2-噻吩基3-噻吩基环丙基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OH | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基异丁烯基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基异丙基环丙基3-噻吩基3-呋喃基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | Isopropyloxy | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丙基异丁烯基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丙基异丁基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丙基异丁基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丙基异丁烯基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丙基异丁基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)3 | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丙基环丙基异丁基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)3 | -OCO2CH3 | PhCH3CH2CH2CH2O-异丙氧基 | 2-呋喃基 |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OCO2CH3 | PhCH3CH2CH2CH2O-异丙氧基 | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | PhCH3CH2CH2CH2O-异丙氧基 | 2-呋喃基 |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | PhCH3CH2CH2CH2O-异丙氧基 | 2-呋喃基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OC(O)Ph | PhCH3CH2CH2CH2O-异丙氧基 | 2-呋喃基 |
OH | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OC(O)Ph | PhCH3CH2CH2CH2O-异丙氧基 | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO-异丙氧基CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | ″ |
OH | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO-异丙氧基CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | (CH3)3CO-异丙氧基CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | ″ |
OH | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | (CH3)3CO-异丙氧基CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO-异丙氧基CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | ″ |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OH | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO-异丙氧基CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO- | 异丁烯基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
OH | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OCO2CH3 | 苯基 | 2-呋喃基 |
OH | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | ″ | ″ |
OH | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OC(O)Ph | ″ | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO- | 2-丙烯基 |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OMe | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OH | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基2-噻吩基3-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丁烯基2-丙烯基环丙基 |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OH | AcO | CH3CH2CH2CH2O-异丙氧基(CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OH | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO-苯基异丙氧基 | ″ |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OH | OMe | (CH3)3CO-苯基异丙氧基 | ″ |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OH | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO-苯基异丙氧基 | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | AcO | 苯基 | 苯基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
OH | F | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | (CH3)3CO-Ph | Ph |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | F | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | (CH3)3CO-Ph | Ph |
-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | AcO | Ph | 2-呋喃基异丁烯基3-呋喃基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基环丙基3-噻吩基异丙基 |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | AcO | Ph | 2-呋喃基异丁烯基3-呋喃基2-噻吩基2-丙烯基环丙基3-噻吩基异丙基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丁烯基3-呋喃基环丙基2-噻吩基苯基2-丙烯基 |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | AcO | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基3-噻吩基异丁烯基3-呋喃基环丙基2-噻吩基苯基2-丙烯基 |
-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | OMe | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | -OCO2CH3 | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | OMe | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
RI | RII | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | F | H | -OC(O)Ph | (CH3)3CO- | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OH | OH | (CH3)3CO- | 苯基 |
OH | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OH | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OH | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
OH | H | OH | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | H | OH | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | (CH3)3CO- | ″ |
OH | F | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | (CH3)3CO- | 苯基2-呋喃基3-呋喃基2-噻吩基3-噻吩基异丁烯基环丙基2-丙烯基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCO2CH2CH3 | F | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | (CH3)3CO- | 苯基2-呋喃基3-呋喃基2-噻吩基3-噻吩基异丁烯基环丙基2-丙烯基 |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | Ph | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | tBuO | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OH-OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2-OCH2OP(O)(OH)2-OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | Ph | 苯基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | OH | OAc | tBuO | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | tBuO | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | tBuO | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | tBuO | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OH | OAc | Ph | 苯基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OH | OAc | tBuO | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | PhtBuO | 苯基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | tBuO | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | PhtBuO | 苯基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | tBuO | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | PhtBuO | 苯基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2(OCH2)2OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | tBuO | 2-呋喃基 |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | Ph | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
RI | RII′ | RII | RIII | RIV | RV |
-OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | H | -OCH2(OCH2)3OP(O)(OH)2 | OAc | tBuO | 苯基2-呋喃基 |
Claims (9)
其中
R1为羟基,-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2,-OC(O)Rx或-OC(O)ORx;
R2′为氢,且R2为氢,羟基,OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2,-OC(O)Rx或-OC(O)ORX;R3为氢,羟基,C1-6烷氧基,-OC(O)Rx,-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2或OC(O)ORX;R6和R7之一为氢,另一个为羟基,C1-6烷酰氧基,或-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2;或R6和R7一起构成氧基;前提是R1,R2,R3,R6或R7中至少一个为-OCH2(OCH2)mOP(O)(OH)2;
m为0,1或2,
RX为由一至六个相同或不同的卤原子,C3-6环烷基,C2-6链烯基或羟基选择性取代的C1-5烷基;
其中D为一个键或C1-6烷基;Ra,Rb和Rc独立为氢,氨基,C1-6烷氨基,二-C1-5烷氨基,卤素,C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基,
R4和R5独立为C1-6烷基,C2-6链烯基,C2-6炔基或Z-R6,其中Z为一直键,C1-6烷基或C2-6链烯基,R6为芳基,取代的芳基,C3-6环烷基,或杂芳基;
P为O或1;
R1c为羟基,保护的羟基,-OCH2OP(O)(OCH2(RY)2,-OC(O)RX或-OC(O)ORX;
R2′为氢;
R2c为氢,羟基,保护的羟基,-OCH2OP(O)(OCH2RY)2,-OC(O)ORX或-OC(O)RX;
R3c为氢,羟基,C1-6烷氧基,保护的羟基,-OC(O)RX,-OCH2OP(O)(OCH2RY)2或-OC(O)ORX;
R6c或R7c之一为氢,另一个为羟基,保护的羟基,C1-6烷酰氧基或-OCH2OP(O)(OCH2RY)2;或R6c和R7c一起形成氨基;条件是R1c,R2c,R3c,R6c或R7c至少一个为-OCH2OP(O)(OCH2RY)2;
RY为膦酰氧保护基。
2.权利要求1中化合物,其中R1为-OC(O)Rx;且Rx同前定义。
3.权利要求1中化合物,其为2′-O-乙氧羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇。
4.权利要求1中化合物,其为2′-O-甲基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇。
5.权利要求1中化合物,其为2′-O-正丙基羰基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇。
6.权利要求1中化合物,其为2′-O-膦酰氧甲氧甲基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇。
7.权利要求1中化合物,其中R1为-OCH2OCH2OCH2OP(O)(OH)2。
8.权利要求7中化合物,其为2′-O-[(膦酰氧甲氧基)甲氧甲基]紫杉醇。
9.权利要求1中化合物,其为2′-O-[(膦酰氧甲氧基)甲氧基]甲基-7-O-膦酰氧甲基紫杉醇。
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US10801593A | 1993-08-17 | 1993-08-17 | |
US108015 | 1993-08-17 | ||
US108,015 | 1993-08-17 | ||
US15484093A | 1993-11-24 | 1993-11-24 | |
US154,840 | 1993-11-24 | ||
US154840 | 1993-11-24 | ||
US24511994A | 1994-05-17 | 1994-05-17 | |
US245119 | 1994-05-17 | ||
US245,119 | 1994-05-17 |
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CN99105343A Expired - Fee Related CN1100771C (zh) | 1993-08-17 | 1999-04-29 | 紫杉烷衍生物的甲基硫甲基醚 |
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