CN105123807B - Suppress preparation and the control method of the compost extracting solution of root-knot nematode second instar larvae and ovum - Google Patents
Suppress preparation and the control method of the compost extracting solution of root-knot nematode second instar larvae and ovum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides preparation and the control method of a kind of compost extracting solution for suppressing root-knot nematode second instar larvae and ovum, including：Step A:Composting treatment:Field is collected discarded maize straw and is crushed in plastic barrel, while adding the maize straw crushed, while adding water to stir evenly, is sufficiently humidified so as to maize straw, then the maize straw in bucket is compressed, and is full of whole plastic barrel;Step B:Seal, anaerobic fermentation is carried out under room temperature, during which do not carry out oxygen and the supplement of moisture;Step C:The preparation of extracting solution, acquisition extracting solution is placed in refrigerator and is saved backup, and is tested in this, as stoste.The present invention not only solves the process problem of a large amount of agricultural wastes straws after production, but also a kind of new method for preventing plant root-knot nematodes is provided, for solving to prevent environmental pollution caused by the nematocide of root knot nematode disease at present, a series of problems, such as food is dangerous.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to root knot nematode control field, and in particular to a kind of extracting solution obtained using agricultural wastes compost
Prevent root knot nematode and its control method.
Background technology
Root knot nematode disease evil is the upper important soil-borne disease of production, and the disease host range is extensive, especially with Solanaceae,
The morbidity of the plants such as Curcurbitaceae is more universal.Recently as the adjustment of the industrial structure, the cultivated area of vegetable protecting field constantly expands.
Due to the particularity of edaphic condition, cultivation and management measure etc. in facility so that root-knot nematode occurring degree far overweights crop field.According to
Estimation, China have reached more than 3,000,000,000 because of the loss that nematodiasis endangers vegetables.
At present prevention root-knot nematode disease method have cultural control, physical control, chemical prevention, selection and breeding resistant variety and
Biological control, but all there are it is certain the drawbacks of.Since people generally devote exclusive attention to output and profit, cultural control such as rice field-upland field rotation
Method be difficult to carry out.Though physical control such as seed disinfection and soil disinfection have certain effect but not enough thoroughly, and some physics
Disinfection cost is too high, is not easy to promote.Chemical prevention is to apply more method in current production, but long-time service can cause root knot
The nematode resistance to the action of a drug strengthens, and the more high poison high residues of nematode killing agent, has potential threat to the life security of the mankind.Nematode resistance gene is more
From wild or semi-wild kind and often chain with undesirable economical character, selection and breeding Comparision is difficult.And an area is even
After one disease-resistant variety of continuous plantation, resistance can fade away.What biological control research was more at present is biocontrol microorganisms, and is screened
The bacterial strain good to many prevention root-knot nematode effects, but the effect of biocontrol microorganisms is unstable, is not easy to be colonized in the soil, and this gives biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion
Promoting the use of for bacterium brings challenges.
The history of life of root-knot nematode：Ovum is hatched into first-instar young in egg capsule, is then once changed in quality into second instar larvae.
Second instar larvae invades host's root system, and gradually development is third-instar larvae, four-age larva, and final development is adult.Therefore can suppress
Egg hatching is into larva and poisoning second instar larvae to prevent it invades host root system from becoming whether assess some control methods effective
Index.
Enormous amount and the renewable organic matter resource to serve many purposes in agricultural crop straw nature.It is crops
Principal by product.Corn is wide in China's cultivated area, produces substantial amounts of maize straw, but straw utilization value is not high, largely
Often by centralized burning after the generation of crop material discarded object, serious air pollution is caused, while bring security risk again.Although
Straw-returning is promoted in production, but cellulose cannot effectively be decomposed and incorporated in soil, and stalk is difficult to absorb.And simply bury
A large amount of stalks in burying, if can not be utilized in the short time, grow a large amount of disease pests on the contrary, and agricultural production is caused seriously to endanger
Evil.
The content of the invention
Based on this, with the raising of quality of life, people increasingly favor the vegetables of green non-pollution.Therefore, one is found
Kind high-efficiency environment friendly, the new method of prevention root-knot nematode easy to operate, of low cost, are necessary.
The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of agricultural wastes extracting solution, and the extracting solution obtained to root-knot nematode two
The toxic action effect of instar larvae and the hatching effect for suppressing ovum.The utilization ratio of stalk is improved, improves rural environment, and provide
A kind of new material and new method for preventing root-knot nematode.Specific method is as follows：
Step A:Composting treatment:Field is collected discarded maize straw and is crushed, and is placed in sky plastic barrel, on one side
The maize straw crushed is added, on one side plus water stirs evenly, and is sufficiently humidified so as to maize straw, then by the maize straw pressure in bucket
Tightly, and it is full of whole plastic barrel；
Step B:Add Double layer lid to seal, anaerobic fermentation is carried out under room temperature, during which do not carry out oxygen and the supplement of moisture；
Step C:The preparation of extracting solution, including following steps：
Step a：Take decomposed maize straw manure to add water afterwards in plastic barrel, stir, make compost complete
It is immersed in entirely in water, then plus Double layer lid seals, and is extracted at room temperature；
Step b：Sealing cover is opened after extraction, after being again stirring for uniformly, maize straw heap is obtained by filtered through gauze
The extracting solution of fertilizer, acquisition extracting solution is placed in refrigerator and is saved backup, and is tested in this, as stoste.
Preferably, in the step a, the time of extraction is 7 days.
Preferably, in the step b, the gauze uses four layers.
Preferably, in the step b, the temperature saved backup is 4 DEG C.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of new method for preventing plant root-knot nematodes, for solving mesh
Environmental pollution, a series of problems, such as food is dangerous caused by the nematocide of preceding prevention root knot nematode disease.This hair
It is bright another object is that after solving production a large amount of agricultural wastes straws process problem.
Maize straw manure extracting solution is used to be carried out for stoste to second instar larvae toxic effect the present invention also provides a kind of
Assay method, including following steps：
Step A:Take prepared maize straw extracting solution stoste to add in penicillin bottle, then add sterile water, finally
Add the suspension of root-knot nematode second instar larvae, make the second instar larvae of each bottle bar containing 120-180 and the liquid of 3ml, to obtain the final product
To 2 times of dilutions；
Step B:Each processing sets four repetitions, is compared with sterile water；Different disposal is positioned over 25 ± 0.2 DEG C of constant temperature
In incubator, and the nematode suspension microscopy of different disposal is taken after 24h, 48h and 72h respectively, count death toll, calculate dead
Rate and corrected mortality；Formula is：The death rate (%)=verge of death borer population/processing nematode number × 100, corrected mortality (%)=
(the processing death rate-control death rate)/(1 ﹣ compares the death rate) × 100.
Maize straw manure extracting solution is used to carry out for stoste hatching to root-knot nematode egg the present invention also provides a kind of
Assay method, including following steps：
Step A:Take maize straw manure extracting solution to add in 24 orifice plates, then add sterile water, be eventually adding ovum suspension
Liquid, makes ovum of every hole containing 40-60, that is, obtains dilution；
Step B:Each processing sets four repetitions, is compared with sterile water；Sealed with sealing compound, and it is every to record the processing same day
The total ovum number in hole and the second instar larvae number hatched, are placed in 25 ± 0.2 DEG C of insulating boxs, record the second instar larvae number of hatching, calculate
Incubation rate, formula are：Primary quantity × 100 of incubation rate (%)=(the initial second instar larvae numbers of hatching second instar larvae number ﹣)/ovum.
The present invention provides one kind and uses maize straw manure extracting solution to carry out potted plant experiment method for stoste, including following several
A step：
Step A:It is inoculated with using sick soil inocalation method, the soil with nematode is subjected to mixing processing, the plastics being then charged into
In flowerpot；Leaching fills 5 times of 200 ± 50ml of extracting solution before transplanting, by the consistent tomato transplantation of seedlings of healthy growing way, each handles 4 weights
It is multiple, per 3 plants of basin；
Step B:Pour an extracting solution within every 7 days after transplanting, per 200 ± 50ml of basin, altogether three times；
Step C:Use the graceful funnel method of shellfish to investigate initial insect density before applying extracting solution, investigate soil nematodes insect density；Meter
The Revision insect recluced rate and insect population preventive effect, formula for calculating each processing be：Revision insect recluced rate=(before processing insect population number ﹣ processing after insect population
Number)/before processing insect population number × 100, insect population preventive effect=(Revision insect recluced rate ± control Revision insect recluced rate after processing)/(100 ± control
Revision insect recluced rate) × 100.
The present invention not only solves the process problem of a large amount of agricultural wastes straws after production, but also provides a kind of new
Method for preventing plant root-knot nematodes, the nematocide for solving prevention root knot nematode disease at present are brought
Environmental pollution, a series of problems, such as food is dangerous.
Embodiment
The preferably embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below：
Embodiment 1
Step (1)：Field is collected discarded maize straw and is crushed, and takes the sky of 30kg (high 43cm, diameter 32cm)
Plastic barrel, while adding the maize straw crushed, while adding water to stir evenly, is sufficiently humidified so as to maize straw, reaches with hand-tight
The state of a small amount of moisture exudation is possessed, is finally compressed the maize straw in bucket, and be full of whole plastic barrel；Load altogether at this time
2kg maize straws and 6kg water.
Step (2)：Add Double layer lid to seal, anaerobic fermentation is carried out under room temperature, during which do not carry out oxygen and the supplement of moisture, 5
Tunning is obtained after a month.
Step (3)：The preparation of extracting solution
Step a：Decomposed maize straw manure 0.5kg is taken, is placed in sky plastic barrel, the water of 1kg is added afterwards, fully stirs
Mix uniformly, compost is totally submerged in water, then plus Double layer lid seals, and is extracted at room temperature.
Step b：Extraction opened sealing cover after 7 days, and after being again stirring for uniformly, corn is obtained by four layers of filtered through gauze
The extracting solution of straw compost, acquisition extracting solution is placed in 4 DEG C of refrigerators and is saved backup, and is tested in this, as stoste.
Effect measuring：
Step (1)：Carried out using the maize straw manure extracting solution that embodiment 1 obtains as stoste to second instar larvae toxic effect
Measure, specific method is：Take maize straw extracting solution stoste 1.5ml to add in penicillin bottle, then add the nothing of 1.2ml
Bacterium water, is eventually adding the suspension of the root-knot nematode second instar larvae of 0.3ml, the second instar larvae for making each bottle contain 150 or so
With the liquid of 3ml, that is, obtain 2 times of dilutions.Each processing sets four repetitions, is compared with sterile water.Different disposal is placed
In 25 DEG C of constant incubators, and the nematode suspension microscopy of 1ml different disposals is taken after 24h, 48h and 72h respectively, statistics is dead
Number is died, calculates the death rate and corrected mortality.
The death rate (%)=verge of death borer population/processing nematode number × 100
Corrected mortality (%)=(the processing death rate-control death rate)/(1 ﹣ compares the death rate) × 100
Statistical result is as shown in table 1：
Table 1：Inhibitory action of the 2 times of dilutions of maize straw to tomato root-knot eelworm second instar larvae
Note：J2 represents root-knot nematode second instar larvae
The corrected mortality that corn compost extracting solution is diluted after 2 times in 24h second instar larvaes is reached as can be seen from Table 1
The corrected mortality of 68.71%, 48h and 72h root-knot nematode second instar larvaes is respectively 71.03% and 82.27%, illustrates the extraction
Liquid has second instar larvae preferable toxic action.
(2) it is measured, is had as the hatching that stoste is carried out to root-knot nematode egg using the maize straw manure extracting solution of acquisition
Body method is：Take maize straw manure extracting solution 1ml to add in 24 orifice plates, then add the sterile water of 0.9ml, be eventually adding
The ovum suspension of 0.1ml, makes liquid of every hole containing the ovum of 50 or so and 2ml, that is, obtains 2 times of dilutions.Each processing sets four
A repetition, is compared with sterile water.Sealed with sealing compound, and record the processing same day per the total ovum number in hole and the second instar larvae hatched
Number, is placed in 25 DEG C of insulating boxs, and the second instar larvae number of record hatching in the 7th day, calculates incubation rate.
Primary quantity × 100 of incubation rate (%)=(the initial second instar larvae numbers of hatching second instar larvae number ﹣)/ovum
As a result such as table 2
Table 2：Inhibitory action of the 2 times of dilutions of maize straw to tomato root-knot eelworm ovum
The incubation rate of the ovum of sterile water process is 31.11% after 7 days as can be seen from Table 2.And the jade under 2 times of diluting conditions
The incubation rate of rice straw compost extracting solution is only 4.05%, illustrates that it can preferably suppress egg hatching.
Embodiment 2
Step (1)：Field is collected discarded maize straw and is crushed, and takes the sky of 30kg (high 43cm, diameter 32cm)
Plastic barrel, while adding the maize straw crushed, while adding water to stir evenly, is sufficiently humidified so as to maize straw, reaches with hand-tight
The state of a small amount of moisture exudation is possessed, is finally compressed the maize straw in bucket, and be full of whole plastic barrel；Load altogether at this time
2kg maize straws and 6kg water.
Step (2)：Add Double layer lid to seal, anaerobic fermentation is carried out under room temperature, during which do not carry out oxygen and the supplement of moisture, 5
Tunning is obtained after a month.
The preparation of step (3) extracting solution：Decomposed maize straw manure 1kg is taken, is placed in sky plastic barrel, adds afterwards
The water of 5kg, stirs, and compost is totally submerged in water, and then plus Double layer lid seals, and is extracted at room temperature.Carry
Sealing cover is opened after taking 7 days, after being again stirring for uniformly, filtering obtains 5 times of extracting solutions of maize straw manure.
Pot experiment
It is inoculated with using sick soil inocalation method, the soil with nematode is subjected to mixing processing, is then charged into high 27cm, diameter
In the plastic flowerpot of 36cm.Leaching fills 5 times of extracting solution 200ml before transplanting, and blank control leaching fills the clear water of equivalent.After a week by health
The consistent tomato transplantation of seedlings of growing way, each handles 4 repetitions, per 3 plants of basin.Routine Management, watering, spray, prevents other in due course
Disease pest is disturbed.Pour an extracting solution within every 7 days after transplanting, per basin 200ml, altogether three times, blank control leaching fills the clear water of equivalent.Apply and carry
Use the graceful funnel method of shellfish to investigate initial insect density before taking liquid, soil nematodes insect density is investigated respectively after 35 days and 70 days.Calculate
The Revision insect recluced rate and insect population preventive effect respectively handled.
Revision insect recluced rate=(insect population number after before processing insect population number ﹣ processing)/before processing insect population number × 100
Insect population preventive effect=(Revision insect recluced rate ± control Revision insect recluced rate after processing)/(100 ± control Revision insect recluced rate) ×
100
Table 3 maize straw, 5 times of extracting solutions prevention effect potted plant to tomato
5 times of extracting solutions of maize straw manure are respectively 81.74% He in the insect population preventive effect of 35d and 70d as can be seen from Table 3
74.72%, the quantity of root-knot nematode can be suppressed well.
Poison test to second instar larvae and the inhibitory action to ovum are carried out as stoste using the compost extracting solution of acquisition respectively
Experiment.Maize straw extracting solution under experiment 2 times of diluting conditions of discovery is in 24h, 48h and 72h to root-knot nematode second instar larvae
Corrected mortality be respectively 68.71%, 71.03%, 82.27%；Incubation rate after 7 days is 4.05%, and the hatching compareed
Rate is 31.11%.The insect population preventive effect of potted plant 35d and 70d are respectively 81.74% and 74.72%.It can thus be seen that corn stalk
Stalk extracting solution has preferable effect to root-knot nematode second instar larvae and ovum.
Above content is that a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, it is impossible to is assert
The specific implementation of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention,
On the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, should all be considered as belonging to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. preparation method for the compost extracting solution for suppressing root-knot nematode second instar larvae and ovum, it is characterised in that including：Step A:Composting treatment:Field is collected discarded maize straw and is crushed, in empty plastic barrel, while adding The maize straw of crushing, while adding water to stir evenly, is sufficiently humidified so as to maize straw, then the maize straw in bucket is compressed, and Full of whole plastic barrel;Step B:Seal, anaerobic fermentation is carried out under room temperature, during which do not carry out oxygen and the supplement of moisture;Step C:The preparation of extracting solution, including following steps：Step a：Take decomposed maize straw manure to add water afterwards in plastic barrel, stir, make compost complete It is immersed in water, then plus Double layer lid seals, and is extracted at room temperature；Step b：Sealing cover is opened after extraction, after being again stirring for uniformly, maize straw manure is obtained by filtered through gauze Extracting solution, acquisition extracting solution is placed in refrigerator and is saved backup, and is tested in this, as stoste；The time of extraction is 7 My god；In the step b, the temperature saved backup is 4 DEG C.
- 2. a kind of preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step b, the gauze uses four Layer.
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| CN108424182A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-21 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | A kind of application of biogas slurry concentrate in prevention tomato root-knot eelworm disease |
| CN109588079B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2022-04-19 | 潍坊中美食品与农业创新中心 | Method for preventing and treating root-knot nematodes in greenhouse soil by using biomass source anaerobic fermentation broth |
| CN111373964A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-07 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method for preventing and treating root knot nematode disease of eggplants in sunlight greenhouse |
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