CN105121349A - 锌金云母的水热合成 - Google Patents
锌金云母的水热合成 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105121349A CN105121349A CN201480013535.0A CN201480013535A CN105121349A CN 105121349 A CN105121349 A CN 105121349A CN 201480013535 A CN201480013535 A CN 201480013535A CN 105121349 A CN105121349 A CN 105121349A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- phlogopite
- plates
- pigment
- source
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- -1 ink-jet Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JCDAAXRCMMPNBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] JCDAAXRCMMPNBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc formate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C=O SRWMQSFFRFWREA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZASZWSTYEJKHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[NH+](CCC)CCC ZASZWSTYEJKHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 42
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 44
- RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[F-].[F-].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] RJDOZRNNYVAULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 40
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- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 19
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- WPUINVXKIPAAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[K+] WPUINVXKIPAAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
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- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/27—Zinc; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0241—Containing particulates characterized by their shape and/or structure
- A61K8/0254—Platelets; Flakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/26—Aluminium-containing silicates, i.e. silico-aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/346—Clay
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有优异片状体直径的合成衍生锌金云母片状体,包含这类合成衍生片状体的效应颜料和形成所述基质的方法。更具体而言,该公开内容描述了适用作干涉颜料、屏障和阻燃剂应用的片状体的锌金云母的改进水热合成。
Description
本申请要求2013年3月11日提交的美国临时申请序列号61/776,228的权益,通过引用全部并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及合成锌金云母片状体和借助低温、低压水热条件制备合成锌金云母片状体的改进方法。
背景技术
天然云母在砂、高岭土、长石和其它硅酸盐的存在下开采,且包含各种杂质,例如铁氧化物和重金属。由于这些其它杂质的存在,云母通常脱色。该脱色当然是天然材料的不想要特征,当云母用作干涉颜料、屏障涂料等的片状体、芯或基质时特别如此。
此外,必须将天然云母研磨以产生薄片。该研磨不容许对云母表面的光滑性、步进特征和薄片薄度的紧密控制。因此,薄片通常具有不完美边缘、面和较少的镜面反射(边缘散射)。
因此,长期以来需要提供高纯度形成和高纵横比的合成替选物。包含氟化物的合成云母是本领域中熟知的,且通常借助熔体反应方法制备。具有高纯度的合成含氟化物云母粉末通过将包含钾、钠、镁、铝和硅的氧化物和/或氟化物的配混物以预定比混合,熔融,结晶,冷却,然后机械粉化而制备。然而,甚至借助固相合成制备的合成云母是有问题的。固相合成要求研磨,且研磨方法导致步进、薄片厚度控制的缺乏和薄片直径尺寸的变化性。天然或合成云母通常由具有约500-600nm的厚度和指定颗粒尺寸分布的片状体组成。
理想地,需要直接导致特征是低厚度参数和较少镜面反射(边缘散射)的云母的合成路线。
已知在高压力和温度下水热制备合成金云母。例如,YoderH.S.等人,GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa,1954,第6卷,第157-185页教导了在1080℃和75,000psi水蒸气压力下形成合成金云母。Frondel,C等人,TheAmericanMineralogist,第51卷,1966教导了借助在高压(1000-3000巴)和高温(250℃至650℃)下水热结晶而形成小颗粒尺寸含锌云母。
还已知借助较低温度水热方法制备合成含氢氧化物云母。例如Komarneni,S.等人,ClaysandClayMinerals,第51卷,第693页和Perrotta,A.等人,J.AmericanMineralagist,第60卷,第152页描述了形成氢氧化物金云母类型的含锌云母的水热方法。韩国专利公布号20070111271教导了镁金云母的水热制备。
然而,其中展示的方法在片状材料的形态、片状体的光滑性、透明性、晶体形成的纯度、制备时间的长度、直径、片状基质的薄度以及所需温度和压力方面是不满意的。
因此,本领域中迫切需要设计制备合成云母的方法,尤其是锌金云母制备,其中产生单个晶体(不需要研磨)并可适当地控制云母片状体的主要尺寸,例如厚度和/或片状体直径,并使用低温度和压力进行该方法。
此外,2013年3月11日提交并通过引用全部并入本文中的美国临时申请号61/776,228教导了使用习性改变剂(habitmodifier)水热制备具有高纵横比的合成锌金云母。本申请还教导了合成锌金云母的水热制备,但本申请制备不需要存在习性改变剂。
申请人发现通过改变水热方法的某些工艺变量,可制备特征是明显超过制备锌金云母的已知水热方法的直径的合成锌金云母片状体。
发明概述
本申请人发现在低温度和压力下水热制备合成锌金云母的方法,其满足以上需求并且超过先前借助水热方法形成的合成锌金云母片状体的直径。
因此,本申请请求保护式(1)的合成锌金云母片状体:
IZn3(AlSi3O10)(X)2(1)
其中:
I为选自由K+、Na+和Li+、NH4 +,优选K+组成的组的层间单价阳离子;且
X独立地为氟离子、氢氧根或者氟离子和氢氧根,优选氢氧根,其中片状体的特征是大于2μm,优选至少3μm,最优选至少4μm的直径。
形成式(1)的合成锌金云母片状体的制备包括如下步骤:
IZn3(AlSi3O10)(X)2(1)
其中:
I为选自由K+、Na+和Li+、NH4 +,优选K+组成的组的层间单价阳离子;且
X独立地为氟离子、氢氧根或者氢氧根和氟离子的组合,优选氢氧根;
形成包含以下组分的反应混合物:
选自由钠、钾、铵和锂,优选钾组成的组的I来源;
铝来源;
硅来源;
锌来源;
任选氟离子来源和/或氢氧根来源,优选氢氧根来源;
和
任选预成型金云母晶种的晶种,
将所述反应混合物在碱性条件下在约125至约250℃,优选150℃至约225℃的温度,和约50至约400psi,优选约100psi至约220psi的压力下水热处理以形成式(1)的锌金云母片状体;和
任选分离形成的片状体,
其中硅来源为胶体二氧化硅。
另外,以上合成锌金云母片状体预期作为效应颜料的基质。
效应颜料包含以上合成锌金云母片状体,其包含:
(a)具有高折射率的介电材料,尤其是金属氧化物的层;和/或
(b)金属层,尤其是薄半透明金属层。
附图简述
图1—显示实施例1中形成的锌金云母的形态;
图2—显示实施例2中形成的颗粒的厚度;
图3—显示实施例2中形成的片状体。
发明详述
定义
如本文所用术语“水热方法”意指容许材料如锌金云母的片状体在容许前体材料至少部分溶解或分散的温度和压力下在溶剂中生长的方法。
术语“合成衍生”意指锌金云母合成地,即通过可控化学反应,尤其是水热反应形成。本文所述水热反应条件为特征是低温和低压的那些。
在用于描述水热方法条件时,术语“低温”和“低压”就本申请而言意指125至约250℃,优选150℃至约225℃的温度和约50至约400psi,优选约100psi至约220psi的压力。
术语“片状体、片、片状和薄片的”为本领域中常用术语,且应当理解意指该片状基质具有大于基质如片状体(薄片)的厚度的直径。
术语“纵横比”指颗粒的最大尺寸(直径或d50)与最小尺寸(厚度)的比。换言之,当本文使用术语“纵横比”时,意指直径/颗粒厚度的比。
直径优选定义为借助静态光散射使用MalvernHydo2000S测定的d50颗粒尺寸分布。片状体的厚度借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测定。
反应混合物通常为原料的水分散体、溶液、淤浆或凝胶。
反应可在密封或未密封容器中运行。
金云母
页硅酸盐为具有在片中连接的四面体硅酸盐基团的硅酸盐矿物,各个基团包含4个氧原子,与其它基团共享其中三个使得硅原子与氧原子的比为2:5。云母为页硅酸盐的子集。金云母为云母的子集,且锌金云母为金云母的子集。
金云母为具有层状结构的云母,所述层状结构最通常包含通过碱性离子(钠、锂或钾离子)层弱结合在一起的硅酸铝镁片。例如,含钾金云母(KMg3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2具有弱结合硅酸铝镁片的钾离子。
最优选的式(1)的云母为含锌金云母。例如,KZn3AlSi3O10(OH)2、KZn3AlSi3O10(OH,F)和KZn3AlSi3O10(F)2可通过本文所述水热方法制备。
合成锌金云母片状体
片状体的直径可优选定义为借助静态光散射使用MalvernHydo2000S测定的D50颗粒尺寸分布。片状体的厚度借助截面扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测定。
合成锌金云母片状体为基本透明的,即它透射至少92%光,优选95%光,最优选98%光。
页硅酸盐晶体的晶体形式识别
锌金云母晶体的识别借助X射线衍射进行。粉末X射线扫描(PXRD)使用CuKα辐射源进行。
目前优选水热制备锌金云母的直径为至少2.5μm至约1mm,更优选的范围为约3μm至约60μm,尤其是约3μm至约30、40或50μm或者约3μm至约30或40μm。
合成锌金云母的厚度为例如约10nm至约500nm,优选约20nm至约400nm。例如,厚度可最优选为约10nm至约150nm,尤其是约15nm至约100nm或约15nm至约80nm。
根据本发明形成的锌金云母的形态
合成锌金云母的形态为片状体状的。
颗粒尺寸分布
表征所制备的大量合成片状体的尺寸分布的特别有用方法是描述沿着高斯曲线的最低10体积%、50体积%和90体积%片状体的片状体尺寸。该分类可以片状体尺寸分布的d10、d50和d90值表征。因此,具有特定尺寸的d10的片状体意指10体积%的片状体颗粒具有至多该值的尺寸。因此,云母基片状体的尺寸分布可例如描述如下:10体积%的片状体具有至多且包括10μm的尺寸,50体积%的片状体具有至多且包括22μm的尺寸,且90体积%的片状体具有至多且包括45μm的尺寸。
例如,合成衍生锌金云母片状体的特征优选为约2.5、3或4μm至约60μm,最优选约5或6μm及以上的d50,尤其是合成衍生锌金云母片状体的特征可以为约2.5-5μm至约30μm或40μm的d50。
当然,片状体可通过各种方法分级,例如重力沉降、在沉降器中沉降、筛分、使用旋风分离器或水力旋流器、螺旋分级或者两种或更多种这些方法的组合。方法如筛分例如也可以以多个连续步骤使用。分级可使片状体的分布向更大或更小的直径偏移。
水热方法变量
如上文所解释的,如本文所用术语“水热方法”意指容许锌金云母片状体的晶体在低温和低压下在溶剂中生长的方法。
优选地,式(1)的合成锌金云母片状体的制备包括如下步骤:
IZn3(AlSi3O10)(X)2(1)
形成包含以下组分的反应混合物:
选自由钠、钾、铵和锂,优选钾组成的组的I来源;
铝来源;
硅来源;
锌来源;
任选氟离子来源和/或氢氧根来源,优选氢氧根;
任选习性改变剂和/或预成型金云母晶种;
将所述反应混合物在碱性条件下在约150至约250℃的温度和约50至约400psi的压力下水热处理以形成合成锌金云母片状体;
和
任选分离形成的合成金云母,
其中硅来源为胶体二氧化硅,且硅来源、锌来源和铝来源以与所形成的锌金云母一致的摩尔比存在于反应混合物中。
碱可例如衍生自通常的无机碱,例如氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、碳酸钠、碳酸锂、氢氧化铵和碳酸钾,以及有机碱,例如三丙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、三乙醇胺和二乙醇胺。
优选地,碱为无机碱,且选自由氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化铵、碳酸钠和碳酸钾组成的组。
初始反应混合物应为碱性的。通常,初始反应混合物的pH为约9至约14,优选pH为约12至约14,最优选为约12.5至约14。
如上文所解释的,I为选自由K+、Na+、NH4 +和Li+,优选K+和Na+组成的组的层间单价阳离子。该阳离子的来源可来自用于确保水热方法的碱性反应条件的碱。例如,提供K+、Na+、NH4 +或Li+的碱可以为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、Na2O、氢氧化锂、碳酸钠、氢氧化铵、碳酸锂、Li2O、碳酸钾和K2O。
优选地,层间单价阳离子为K+。
铝来源可选自元素铝Al0、铝盐(有机或无机)、其氧化物和水合物。例如,铝来源可选自由Al(NO3)3(硝酸铝)、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)、Na2Al2O4(铝酸钠)、Al(OH)3(氢氧化铝)、Al2O3、假勃姆石(psuedoboehmite)、异丙醇铝、Al(C2H3O2)3、AlBr3、AlCl3、Al(C6H5O7)(柠檬酸铝)、AlF3、Al(CHO2)3(甲酸铝)、Al2(SO4)3、AlOOH(羟基氧化铝)及其水合物组成的组。
优选地,铝来源选自Al(NO3)3(硝酸铝)、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)、Na2Al2O4、Al2(SO4)3、Al(OH)3、AlOOH及其水合物,最优选铝来源选自由Al(NO3)3(硝酸铝)、Al2(SO4)3、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)及其水合物组成的组。
最优选的铝来源为铝酸钾(K2Al2O4)和Al(NO3)2。
二氧化硅来源通常衍生自SiO2的水合物、胶体SiO2、偏硅酸钠、硅酸钠、偏硅酸钾、硅酸钾、偏硅酸锂、硅酸锂、高岭土、热解法二氧化硅、滑石、H2SiO3和正硅酸四乙酯。
最优选胶体SiO2。发现当胶体二氧化硅用作硅来源时,颗粒的形态与用于锌金云母合成的已知水热方法的那些非常不同。另外,使用胶体二氧化硅显现出明显提高片状体的直径尺寸。
最优选地,制备式(1)的合成锌金云母片状体包括如下步骤:
IZn3(AlSi3O10)(X)2(1)
其中:
I为选自由K+、Na+、Li+和NH4 +,优选K+组成的组的层间单价阳离子;且
X独立地为氟离子或氢氧根、氟离子和氢氧根的组合,优选氢氧根;
形成包含以下组分的反应混合物:
选自由钠、钾和锂,优选钾组成的组的I来源;
铝来源,优选Al(NO3)3(硝酸铝)、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)、Na2Al2O4、Al(OH)3、AlOOH、Al2(SO4)3及其水合物,最优选铝来源为铝酸钾(K2Al2O4)和Al(NO3)3;
硅来源;
锌来源;
任选氟离子来源和/或氢氧根来源,优选氢氧根;
和
任选预成型金云母晶体的晶种,
将所述反应混合物在碱性条件下在约125至约250℃,优选150℃至约225℃的温度,和约50至约400psi,优选约100psi至约220psi的压力下水热处理以形成式(1)的锌金云母片状体;
和
任选分离形成的片状体,
且硅来源为胶体二氧化硅,且硅来源、锌来源和铝来源以与所形成的锌金云母一致的摩尔比存在于反应混合物中。
锌来源
锌来源可以为元素、任何盐(有机或无机)、其水合物或氧化物。锌来源可选自由Zn0、ZnSO4、Zn(NO3)2、ZnCl2、Zn(C2H3O2)2(乙酸锌)、ZnCO3、Zn(CHO2)2(甲酸锌)、ZnBr2、氧化锌、ZnI2及其水合物组成的组。ZnSO4优选为锌来源。
尤其是,制备式(1)的合成锌金云母片状体的方法包括如下步骤:
IZn3(AlSi3O10)(X)2(1)
其中:
I为选自由K+、Na+以及Li+和NH4 +,优选K+组成的组的层间单价阳离子;且
X独立地为氟离子或氢氧根、氟离子和氢氧根的组合,优选氢氧根;
形成包含以下组分的反应混合物:
选自由钠、钾、铵和锂,优选钾组成的组的I来源;
选自由Al(NO3)3(硝酸铝)、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)、Na2Al2O4、Al(OH)3、AlOOH、Al2(SO4)3及其水合物组成的组的铝来源,优选铝来源为铝酸钾(K2Al2O4)和Al(NO3)3;
硅来源;
选自由Zn0、ZnSO4、Zn(NO3)2、ZnCl2、Zn(C2H3O2)2(乙酸锌)、ZnCO3、Zn(CHO2)2(甲酸锌)、ZnBr2、氧化锌、ZnI2及其水合物组成的组的锌来源,优选ZnSO4;
任选氟离子来源和/或氢氧根来源,优选氢氧根来源;
和
任选预成型金云母晶种的晶种,
将所述反应混合物在碱性条件下在约125至约250℃,优选150℃至约225℃的温度,和约50至约400psi,优选约100psi至约220psi的压力下水热处理以形成式(I)的锌金云母片状体;
和
任选分离形成的片状体,
并且硅来源为胶体二氧化硅,且硅来源、锌来源和铝来源以与所形成的锌金云母一致的摩尔比存在于反应混合物中。
氟离子来源
任选氟离子来源为例如HF、NH4F、NaF、K2SiF6、KF和MgF2。
优选不包括氟离子来源。
水热反应期间的水含量可以为约60至约98重量%。因此,重量%试剂通常为约2重量%至约40重量%,优选约4重量%至约35重量%,最优选约5重量%至约30重量%。重量%基于反应混合物的总重量。
氢氧根来源
氢氧根来源可来自碱,例如氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化铵,和有机碱,例如三丙基氢氧化铵和四甲基氢氧化铵。
优选具有氢氧根来源。碱可提供氢氧根来源。
因此,制备式(1)的锌金云母的方法包括如下步骤:
形成包含以下组分的反应混合物:
选自由Na+、K+、NH4 +和Li+,优选K+组成的组的I来源;
铝来源;
硅来源;
锌来源;
任选氟离子来源和/或氢氧根来源;优选氢氧根来源;
和
任选预成型金云母晶种的晶种,
将所述反应混合物在碱性条件下在约125至约250℃,优选150℃至约225℃的温度,和约50至约400psi,优选约100psi至约220psi的压力下水热处理以形成式(1)的锌金云母片状体;
和
任选分离形成的片状体,
且硅来源为胶体二氧化硅。
接种
水热反应的接种可以理想地用先前形成的云母。接种占反应混合物的量可以为计算云母片状体,优选计算金云母产物的约1-6重量%。例如,如果意欲的产物为金云母,则可将水热反应用形成的理论产物的约0.1至约10重量%,优选0.5至约8重量%,最优选1至约6重量%的重量%金云母晶种接种。
时间、温度和压力
通常将水热反应混合物加热至合适的温度,约150至约250℃,然后在该合适的温度下保持约2至约100小时,更通常约10-90小时或者最通常约20至约85小时。
进行水热反应的压力条件取决于片状体而变化,但通常为约50psi至约400psi,更通常约75psi至约300psi,最通常约85至约250psi。
制备锌金云母的水热方法可以在静态或搅拌/混合条件下进行。
水热制备的化学计量条件或非化学计量条件
锌金云母的水热制备可在化学计量条件或非化学计量条件下进行。优选反应在化学计量条件下进行。
就本申请而言,化学计量条件意指原料,特别是锌来源、硅来源和铝来源在反应开始时以最终产物锌金云母的相同摩尔比存在。
申请人发现化学计量条件使得在水热形成锌金云母片状体的尺寸、形状和尺寸分布方面是非常明显不同的。
因此,优选制备式(1)的合成锌金云母片状体包括如下步骤:
IZn3(AlSi3O10)(X)2(1)
其中:
I为选自由K+、Na+、NH4 +和Li+,优选K+组成的组的层间单价阳离子;且
X独立地为氟离子或氢氧根、氟离子和氢氧根的组合,优选OH;
形成包含以下组分的反应混合物:
选自由钠、钾、铵和锂,优选钾组成的组的I来源;
优选选自由Al(NO3)3(硝酸铝)、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)、Na2Al2O4、Al(OH)3、AlOOH、Al2(SO4)3及其水合物组成的组,最优选选自由铝酸钾(K2Al2O4)和Al(NO3)3组成的组的铝来源;
硅来源,
优选选自由Zn0、ZnSO4、Zn(NO3)2、ZnCl2、Zn(C2H3O2)2(乙酸锌)、ZnCO3、Zn(CHO2)2(甲酸锌)、ZnBr2、氧化锌、ZnI2及其水合物组成的组的锌来源,最优选ZnSO4,
任选氟离子来源和/或氢氧根来源,优选氢氧根来源;
和
任选预成型金云母晶种的晶种,
将所述水凝胶、分散体或溶液在碱性条件下在约125至约250℃,优选150℃至约225℃的温度,和约50至约400psi,优选约100psi至约220psi的压力下水热处理以形成式(1)的锌金云母片状体;
和
任选分离形成的片状体,并且硅来源为胶体二氧化硅且硅来源、锌来源和铝来源以与所形成的锌金云母一致的摩尔比存在于反应混合物中。
水热制备云母的应用
关于目前公开的锌金云母,存在许多应用。例如,锌金云母为优异的绝缘体、增强材料、固体润滑剂、化妆品增量剂、效应和干涉颜料的基质或芯、包装和纸应用中对气体(即水蒸气、CO2和氧气)的屏障以及树脂中提供耐热性的填料。
使用锌金云母的效应颜料
效应颜料及其在油漆、喷墨印刷、将织物染色、将涂料着色、印刷油墨、塑料、化妆品、陶瓷和玻璃用釉料中的用途是本领域中熟知的。
具有由透明载体材料如天然或合成云母、SiO2或者玻璃组成的芯的这类颜料是已知的。参考例如GerhardPfaff和PeterReynders,Chem.Rev.99(1999)1963-1981。
目前形成的基质-合成衍生金云母为用于形成效应颜料的尤其合适的基质、芯或片状体。
本发明一个目的是开发基于所公开的直径为2.5或者约3μm或更大的目前水热制备锌金云母的珠光颜料。目前涂覆的合成锌金云母显示出云母颜料的优点(例如在多种基料体系中的良好应用性能、环境相容性和简单的处理)并且可实现优异的光学效果,即提供具有高色强度和/或色纯度的干涉颜料。
该目的通过颜料实现,所述颜料包含片状体直径为2.5μm或3μm的水热制备锌金云母片状体的片状基质,
(a)具有高折射率的介电材料,尤其是金属氧化物;和/或
(a)金属层,尤其是薄半透明金属层。
颜料颗粒(合成制备金云母的涂覆芯)通常具有2.5μm至1mm的直径,和<1μm的平均厚度,例如10至约150nm,优选约15至约100nm或者最优选约15至约80nm的厚度,其包含具有2个基本平行面的合成衍生锌金云母芯,所述2个基本平行面之间的距离为芯的最短轴。芯涂有具有高折射率的介电材料,尤其是金属氧化物,或者金属层,尤其是薄半透明金属层。所述层可涂有其它层。
(半透明)金属层的合适金属为例如Cr、Ti、Mo、W、Al、Cu、Ag、Au或Ni。半透明金属层通常具有5-25nm,尤其是5-15nm的厚度。
根据本发明,术语“铝”包括铝和铝合金。铝合金例如描述于G.Wassermann,UllmannsderIndustriellenChemie,4.Auflage,VerlagChemie,Weinheim,Band7,S.281-292中。尤其合适的是WO00/12634的第10-12页描述的腐蚀稳定性铝合金,除铝外,其包含少于20重量%,优选少于10重量%的量的硅、镁、锰、铜、锌、镍、钒、铅、锑、锡、镉、铋、钛、铬和/或铁。
金属层可通过湿化学涂覆或者通过化学蒸气沉积,例如羰基金属的气相沉积而得到。将基质在金属化合物的存在下悬浮于含水和/或含有机溶剂介质中,并通过加入还原剂而沉积在基质上。金属化合物为例如硝酸银或乙酰丙酮镍(WO03/37993)。
根据US-B-3,536,520,氯化镍可用作金属化合物且次磷酸盐可用作还原剂。根据EP-A-353544,以下化合物可用作湿化学涂覆的还原剂:醛(甲醛、乙醛、苯甲醛)、酮(丙酮)、碳酸及其盐(酒石酸、抗坏血酸(ascorbinicacid))、还原酮(异抗坏血酸、丙糖还原酮、还原酸)和还原糖(葡萄糖)。然而,也可使用还原醇(烯丙醇)、多元醇和多酚、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、连二亚硫酸盐、次磷酸盐、肼、硼氮化合物、金属氢化物以及铝和硼的混合氢化物。此外,金属层的沉积可借助CVD方法进行。这类方法是已知的。流化床反应器优选用于该目的。EP-A-0741170描述了通过在惰性气体料流中使用烃将烷基铝化合物还原而沉积铝层。此外,金属层可通过相应羰基金属在可加热流化床反应器中气相分解而沉积,如EP-A-045851所述。关于该方法的其它细节在WO93/12182中给出。在本发明情况下可用于将金属层应用于基质上的另一薄金属层沉积方法为用于将金属在高真空中蒸气沉积的已知方法。它详细描述于Vakuum-Beschichtung[真空涂覆],第1-5卷;编者Frey,Kienel和VDI-Verlag,1995中。在溅射方法中,气体放电(等离子体)在载体与板(目标)形式的涂覆材料之间点火。将涂覆材料用来自等离子体的高能离子如氩离子轰击,因此除去或雾化。雾化涂覆材料的原子或分子沉淀在载体上并形成所需薄层。溅射方法描述于Vakuum-Beschichtung[真空涂覆],第1-5卷;编者Frey,Kienel和VDI-Verlag,1995中。对于用于室外应用,特别是在车辆油漆中的应用,颜料可具有另一气候稳定化保护层,所谓的后涂层,其同时进行对基料体系的最佳适应。这类后涂层描述于例如EP-A-0268918和EP-A-0632109中。
如果想要具有金属外观的颜料,则金属层的厚度为>25nm至100nm,优选30-50nm。如果想要具有有色金属效果的颜料,则可沉积有色或无色金属氧化物、金属氮化物、金属硫化物和/或金属的其它层。这些层为透明或半透明的。优选具有高折射率的层和具有低折射率的层交替或者存在一层,其中在该层内,折射率逐步改变。抗气候性可借助其它涂层提高,所述其它涂层同时导致对基料体系的最佳适应(EP-A-268918和EP-A-632109)。
在本发明一个优选实施方案中,干涉颜料包含具有“高”折射率的材料,所述高折射率在本文中定义为大于约1.65的折射率,和任选具有“低”折射率的材料,所述低折射率在本文中定义为约1.65或更小的折射率。可使用的各种(介电)材料包括无机材料,例如金属氧化物、金属低价氧化物、金属氟化物、金属卤氧化物、金属硫化物、金属硫属化合物、金属氮化物、金属氮氧化物、金属碳化物、其组合等,以及有机介电材料。这些材料是容易得到的且容易通过物理或化学蒸气沉积方法或者通过湿化学涂覆方法应用。
任选地,SiO2层可排列在本发明金云母基质与具有“高”折射率的材料之间。通过将SiO2层应用于基质上,保护云母表面以防化学改变,例如云母组分的膨胀和浸提。SiO2层的厚度为5-200nm,尤其是40-150nm。SiO2层优选通过使用有机硅烷化合物如四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)制备。SiO2层可被Al2O3、Fe2O3或ZrO2的薄层(厚度1-20nm)替代。
此外,SiO2涂覆或TiO2涂覆合成锌金云母薄片可如EP-A-0982376所述涂有氮掺杂碳层。EP-A-0982376所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)将SiO2或TiO2涂覆合成云母薄片悬浮于液体中,
(b)如果合适的话加入表面改性剂和/或聚合催化剂,
(c)在步骤(b)以前或以后,加入一种或多种包含氮和碳原子的聚合物或者一种或多种能够形成这类聚合物的单体,
(d)在薄片的表面上形成聚合物涂层,
(e)分离涂覆的薄片,和
(f)将涂覆薄片在气体气氛中加热至100-600℃的温度。
聚合物可以为聚吡咯、聚酰胺、聚苯胺、聚氨酯、腈橡胶或三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂,优选聚丙烯腈,或者单体为吡咯衍生物、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、巴豆腈、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺或巴豆酰胺,优选丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈或巴豆腈,最优选丙烯腈。
优选将薄片在步骤(f)中首先在含氧气氛中加热至100℃至300℃,然后在惰性气体气氛中加热至200-600℃。
因此,本发明还涉及基于本发明合成锌金云母薄片的颜料,其在二氧化硅或二氧化钛涂覆合成云母薄片的整个表面上包含由50-95重量%碳、5-25重量%氮和0-25重量%元素氢、氧和/或硫组成的层,其中重量%数据涉及层(PAN)的总重量。
氮掺杂碳层的厚度通常为10-150nm,优选30-70nm。在所述实施方案中,优选的颜料具有以下层结构:
合成云母基质/TiO2/PAN,合成云母基质/TiO2/PAN/TiO2,合成云母基质/TiO2/PAN/SiO2/PAN。
在尤其优选的实施方案中,基于合成云母基质的干涉颜料包含应用于合成云母基质的整个表面上的具有“高”折射率,即折射率大于约1.65,优选大于约2.0,最优选大于约2.2的介电材料层。这类介电材料的实例为硫化锌(ZnS)、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、二氧化钛(TiO2)、碳、氧化铟(In2O3)、氧化铟锡(ITO)、五氧化二钽(Ta2O5)、氧化铬(Cr2O3)、二氧化铈(CeO2)、氧化钇(Y2O3)、氧化铕(Eu2O3)、铁氧化物如氧化铁(II)/铁(III)(Fe3O4)和氧化铁(III)(Fe2O3)、氮化铪(HfN)、碳化铪(HfC)、氧化铪(HfO2)、氧化镧(La2O3)、氧化镁(MgO)、氧化钕(Nd2O3)、氧化镨(Pr6O11)、氧化钐(Sm2O3)、三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)、一氧化硅(SiO)、三氧化硒(Se2O3)、氧化硒(SnO2)、三氧化钨(WO3)或其组合。介电材料优选为金属氧化物。金属氧化物可以为具有或不具有吸收性能的单一氧化物或氧化物的混合物,例如TiO2、ZrO2、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Cr2O3或ZnO,尤其优选TiO2。
可通过在TiO2层上应用具有低折射率的金属氧化物,例如SiO2、Al2O3、AIOOH、B2O3或其混合物,优选SiO2,以及任选在后一个层上应用其它TiO2层而得到颜色更强且更透明的颜料(EP-A-892832、EP-A-753545、WO93/08237、WO98/53011、WO9812266、WO9838254、WO99/20695、WO00/42111和EP-A-1213330)。可使用的合适低折射率介电材料的非限定性实例包括二氧化硅(SiO2)、氧化铝(Al2O3),和金属氟化物,例如氟化镁(MgF2)、氟化铝(AlF3)、氟化铈(CeF3)、氟化镧(LaF3)、氟化铝钠(例如Na3AlF6或Na5Al3F14)、氟化钕(NdF3)、氟化钐(SmF3)、氟化钡(BaF2)、氟化钙(CaF2)、氟化锂(LiF)、其组合,或者具有约1.65或更小的折射率的任何其它低折射率材料。例如,有机单体和聚合物可用作低折射率材料,包括二烯或者烯烃,例如丙烯酸酯类(例如甲基丙烯酸酯)、全氟烯烃的聚合物、聚四氟乙烯(TEFLON)、氟化乙烯丙烯(FEP)的聚合物、聚对亚苯基二甲基、对-二甲苯、其组合等。另外,前述材料包括蒸发、冷凝和交联的透明丙烯酸酯层,其可通过US-B-5,877,895所述方法沉积,通过引用将其公开内容并入本文中。
因此,除(a)具有高折射率的金属氧化物外,优选的干涉颜料另外包含(b)具有低折射率的金属氧化物,其中折射率的差至少为0.1。
特别优选基于通过湿化学方法以所述顺序涂覆的合成锌金云母基质的颜料:
TiO2、(SnO2)TiO2(基质:合成云母;层:(SnO2)TiO2,优选金红石改性)、低价氧化钛、TiO2/低价氧化钛、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、TiFe2O5、FeTiO3、Cr2O3、ZrO2、Sn(Sb)O2、BiOCl、Al2O3、Ce2S3、MoS2、Fe2O3·TiO2(基质:合成云母;Fe2O3和TiO2的混合层)、TiO2/Fe2O3(基质:合成云母;第一层:TiO2;第二层:Fe2O3)、TiO2/柏林蓝、TiO2/Cr2O3或TiO2/FeTiO3。一般而言,层厚度为1-1000nm,优选1-300nm。
在另一特别优选的实施方案中,本发明涉及包含至少3个高和低折射率的交替层,例如TiO2/SiO2/TiO2、(SnO2)TiO2/SiO2/TiO2、TiO2/SiO2/TiO2/SiO2/TiO2、Fe2O3/SiO2/TiO2或TiO2/SiO2/Fe2O3的干涉颜料。
优选地,层结构如下:
(a)折射率>1.65的涂层
(b)折射率≤1.65的涂层,
(c)折射率>1.65的涂层,和
(d)任选外部保护层。
基质上具有高和低折射率的各层的厚度对颜料的光学性能而言是重要的。各层,尤其是金属氧化物层的厚度取决于使用领域,且通常为10-1000nm,优选15-800nm,特别是20-600nm。
层(A)的厚度为10-550nm,优选15-400nm,特别是20-350nm。层(B)的厚度为10-1000nm,优选20-800nm,特别是30-600nm。层(C)的厚度为10-550nm,优选15-400nm,特别是20-350nm。
用于层(A)的特别合适材料为金属氧化物、金属硫化物或金属氧化物混合物,例如TiO2、Fe2O3、TiFe2O5、Fe3O4、BiOCl、CoO、Co3O4、Cr2O3、VO2、V2O3、Sn(Sb)O2、SnO2、ZrO2、钛酸铁、氧化铁水合物、低价氧化钛(具有2至<4的氧化钛的还原钛物种)、钒酸铋、铝酸钴,以及这些化合物相互或者与其它金属氧化物的混合物或混合相。金属硫化物涂层优选选自锡、银、镧、稀土金属,优选铈、铬、钼、钨、铁、钴和/或镍的硫化物。
用于层(B)的特别合适材料为金属氧化物或者相应的氧化物水合物,例如SiO2、MgF2、Al2O3、AIOOH、B2O3或其混合物,优选SiO2。
用于层(C)的特别合适材料为无色或有色金属氧化物,例如TiO2、Fe2O3、TiFe2O5、Fe3O4、BiOCl、CoO、Co3O4、Cr2O3、VO2、V2O3、Sn(Sb)O2、SnO2、ZrO2、钛酸铁、氧化铁水合物、低价氧化钛(具有2至<4的氧化钛的还原钛物种)、钒酸铋、铝酸钴,以及这些化合物相互或者与其它金属氧化物的混合物或混合相。TiO2层还可包含吸收材料,例如碳、选择性吸收着色剂、选择性吸收金属阳离子,可涂有吸收材料或者可以为部分还原的。
吸收或非吸收材料的夹层可存在于层(A)、(B)、(C)与(D)之间。夹层的厚度为1-50nm,优选1-40nm,特别是1-30nm。该夹层可例如由SnO2组成。可通过加入少量SnO2而迫使形成金红石结构(例如参见WO93/08237)。
在该实施方案中,优选的干涉颜料具有以下层结构:
合成云母,尤其是Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | TiO2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | Fe2O3 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | TiO2·Fe2O3 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | (Sn,Sb)O2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | (Sn,Sb)O2 | SiO2 | TiO2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | (Sn,Sb)O2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2·Fe2O3 | SiO2 | TiO2·Fe2O3 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | MoS2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | Cr2O3 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | Cr2O3 | SiO2 | TiO2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | TiO2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | Fe2O3 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | Fe2O3 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | Al2O3 | TiO2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | Fe2TiO5 | SiO2 | TiO2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | Fe2TiO5/TiO2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO低价氧化物 | SiO2 | TiO低价氧化物 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | TiO2/SiO2/TiO2+普鲁士蓝 |
合成云母,Zn金云母 | TiO2 | SiO2 | TiO2/SiO2/TiO2 |
合成云母,Zn金云母* | TiO2/SiO2/TiO2 | SiO2 | TiO2/SiO2/TiO2 |
*Zn金云母的特征是至少2.5μm的直径,优选至少3、4,最优选至少5的直径。
金属氧化物层可通过CVD(化学蒸气沉积)或者通过湿化学涂覆应用。金属氧化物层可通过使羰基金属在水蒸气的存在下(较低分子量金属氧化物,例如磁铁矿)或者在氧气以及如果合适的话水蒸气的存在下(例如氧化镍和氧化钴)分解而得到。金属氧化物层尤其借助羰基金属(例如五羰基铁、六羰基铬;EP-A-45851)的氧化气相分解,借助金属醇化物(例如钛和锆四-正和异丙醇化物;DE-A-4140900)或者金属卤化物(例如四氯化钛;EP-A-338428)的水解气相分解,借助有机锡化合物(尤其是烷基锡化合物,例如四丁基锡和四甲基锡;DE-A-4403678)的氧化分解或者借助EP-A-668329所述有机硅化合物(尤其是二-叔丁氧基乙酰氧基硅烷)的气相水解而应用,涂覆操作可在流化床反应器(EP-A-045851和EP-A-106235)中进行。Al2O3层(B)可有利地通过在将铝涂覆颜料冷却期间的可控氧化而得到,其也在惰性气体下进行(DE-A-19516181)。
含磷酸盐、铬酸盐和/或钒酸盐以及含磷酸盐和SiO2的金属氧化物层可根据DE-A-4236332和EP-A-678561所述钝化方法,借助金属的卤氧化物(例如CrO2Cl2、VOCI3),尤其是磷卤氧化物(例如POCI3)、磷酸和亚磷酸酯(例如二-和三甲基以及二-和三乙基亚磷酸酯)以及含氨基有机硅化合物(例如3-氨基丙基-三乙氧基-和-三甲氧基-硅烷)的水解或氧化气相分解而应用。
金属锆、钛、铁和锌的氧化物、那些金属的氧化物水合物、钛酸铁、低价氧化钛或其混合物的层优选通过湿化学方法沉淀而应用,如果合适的话,可使金属氧化物还原。在湿化学涂覆的情况下,可使用开发用于制备珠光颜料的湿化学涂覆方法;这些例如描述于DE-A-1467468、DE-A-1959988、DE-A-2009566、DE-A-2214545、DE-A-2215191、DE-A-2244298、DE-A-2313331、DE-A-2522572、DE-A-3137808、DE-A-3137809、DE-A-3151343、DE-A-3151354、DE-A-3151355、DE-A-3211602和DE-A-3235017、DE1959988、WO93/08237、WO98/53001和WO03/6558中。
具有高折射率的金属氧化物优选为TiO2和/或铁氧化物,具有低折射率的金属氧化物优选为SiO2。TiO2层可以为金红石或锐钛矿晶型,其中优选金红石晶型。TiO2层也可通过已知手段如氨、氢气、烃蒸气或其混合物或者金属粉末还原,如EP-A-735,114、DE-A-3433657、DE-A-4125134、EP-A-332071、EP-A-707,050、WO93/19131或WO06/131472所述。
就涂覆而言,将基质颗粒悬浮于水中并以适于水解的pH加入一种或多种可水解金属盐,其如此选择,使得金属氧化物或金属氧化物水合物直接沉淀在颗粒上而不发生辅助沉淀。pH通常通过同时计量加入碱而保持恒定。然后将颜料分离,洗涤,干燥以及如果合适的话煅烧,可相对于所述涂层,使煅烧温度最佳化。如果需要的话,在应用各涂层以后,可将颜料分离,干燥以及如果合适的话煅烧,然后再次悬浮以沉淀其它层。
金属氧化物层也可例如以类似于DE-A-19501307所述方法,通过一种或多种金属酸酯如果合适的话在有机溶剂和碱性催化剂的存在下可控水解而制备金属氧化物层,通过溶胶-凝胶方法而得到。合适的碱性催化剂为例如胺,例如三乙胺、乙二胺、三丁胺、二甲基乙醇胺和甲氧基丙胺。有机溶剂为水溶混性有机溶剂,例如C1-4醇,尤其是异丙醇。
合适的金属酸酯选自钒、钛、锆、硅、铝和硼的烷基和芳基醇化物、羧酸盐和羧基-或者烷基-或芳基取代烷基醇化物或者羧酸盐。优选使用铝酸三异丙酯、钛酸四异丙酯、锆酸四异丙酯、正硅酸四乙酯和硼酸三乙酯。另外,可使用上述金属的乙酰丙酮化物和乙酰乙酰丙酮化物。这类金属酸酯的优选实例为乙酰丙酮锆、乙酰丙酮铝、乙酰丙酮钛和乙酰乙酰铝酸二异丁基油基酯或二异丙基油基乙酰乙酰丙酮化物,以及金属酸酯的混合物,例如(Hüls)、混合铝/硅金属酸酯。
作为具有高折射率的金属氧化物,优选使用二氧化钛,根据本发明一个实施方案,US-B-3,553,001所述方法用于应用二氧化钛层。
将钛盐水溶液缓慢地加入待涂覆材料的悬浮液中,将所述悬浮液加热至约50-100℃,尤其是70-80℃,并通过同时计量加入碱如氨水溶液或碱金属氢氧化物水溶液而保持约0.5-5,尤其是约1.2-2.5的基本恒定pH值。当实现沉淀TiO2的所需层厚度时,停止钛盐溶液和碱的添加。将Al2O3或MgO的前体加入起始溶液中是改进TiO2层的形态的一种方法。
也称为“滴定方法”的该方法的特点是避免过量钛盐这一事实。这通过每单位时间仅供入用水合TiO2均匀涂覆所需并且每单位时间可由待涂覆颗粒的有效表面吸收的量用于水解而实现。原则上,锐钛矿形式的TiO2在起始原料的表面上形成。然而,通过加入少量SnO2,可迫使形成金红石结构。例如,如WO93/08237所述,二氧化锡可在二氧化钛沉淀以前沉积,并且可将涂有二氧化钛的产物在800-900℃下煅烧。
在本发明尤其优选的实施方案中,将合成云母薄片在密闭反应器中与蒸馏水混合并在约90℃下加热。将pH设置为约1.8-2.2,并缓慢地加入包含TiOCl2、HCl、甘氨酸和蒸馏水的制剂,同时通过连续加入1MNaOH溶液而保持pH恒定(1.8-2.2)。参考欧洲专利申请PCT/EP2008/051910。通过在TiO2的沉积期间加入氨基酸如甘氨酸,可改进待形成的TiO2涂层的质量。有利地,将包含TiOCl2、HCl以及甘氨酸和蒸馏水的制剂加入在水中的基质薄片中。
TiO2可任选通过常用程序还原:US-B-4,948,631(NH3,750-850℃)、WO93/19131(H2,>900℃)或DE-A-19843014(固体还原剂,例如硅,>600℃)。
如果合适的话,可将SiO2(保护)层应用于二氧化钛层上,为此使用以下方法:将苏打水玻璃溶液计量加入待涂覆材料的悬浮液中,将所述悬浮液加热至约50-100℃,尤其是70-80℃。通过连续加入10%盐酸而使pH保持为4-10,优选6.5-8.5。在加入水玻璃溶液以后,进行搅拌30分钟。
可通过在TiO2层上应用具有“低”折射率,即折射率小于约1.65的金属氧化物如SiO2、Al2O3、AIOOH、B2O3或其混合物,优选SiO2,并在后一个层上应用其它Fe2O3和/或TiO2层而得到颜色更强且更透明的颜料。包含合成云母基质以及具有高和低折射率的交替金属氧化物层的这类多涂层干涉颜料可以类似于WO98/53011和WO99/20695所述方法制备。
另外,可通过应用其它层,例如有色金属氧化物或柏林蓝,过渡金属如Fe、Cu、Ni、Co、Cr的化合物,或者有机化合物如染料或色淀而改变颜料的粉末颜色。
另外,本发明颜料也可涂有弱溶、牢固粘附的无机或有机着色剂。优选使用色淀,尤其是铝色淀。为此,沉淀氢氧化铝层,在第二步骤中将其使用色淀上色(DE-A-2429762和DE-A-2928287)。
此外,本发明颜料也可具有络盐颜料,尤其是氰基铁酸盐(cyanoferrate)络合物的另一涂层(EP-A-141173和DE-A-2313332)。
为增强气候和光稳定性,取决于应用领域,可使(多层)合成锌金云母薄片经受表面处理。有用的表面处理例如描述于DE-A-2215191、DE-A-3151354、DE-A-3235017、DE-A-3334598、DE-A-4030727、EP-A-649886、WO97/29059、WO99/57204和S-A-5,759,255中。所述表面处理也可促进颜料的处理,尤其是将其掺入到各种应用介质中。
在一个优选实施方案中,本发明涉及包含合成云母芯且包含Al2O3/TiO2混合层的颜料。混合层可包含至多20摩尔%Al2O3。Al2O3/TiO2混合层通过将铝和钛盐水溶液缓慢地加入待涂覆材料的悬浮液中,所述悬浮液已加热至约50-100℃,尤其是70-80℃,并通过同时计量加入碱如氨水溶液或碱金属氢氧化物水溶液保持约0.5-5,尤其是约1.2-2.5的基本恒定pH值而得到。一旦实现沉淀Al2O3/TiO2的所需层厚度,就停止钛和铝盐溶液以及碱的添加。
Al2O3/TiO2混合层的厚度通常为20-200nm,尤其是50-150nm。优选地,颜料包含在Al2O3/TiO2混合层上的厚度为1-50nm,尤其是10-20nm的TiO2层。根据需要,通过改变Al2O3/TiO2混合层的厚度,可增强和控制颜料的随角异色。
在另一优选实施方案中,本发明涉及包含直径为2μm或更大的锌金云母芯并且由随后TiO2/SnO2/TiO2层组成的颜料,其中与合成云母基质相邻的TiO2层具有1-20nm的厚度并且优选通过使用钛醇化物,尤其是钛酸四异丙醇酯制备。
金属或非金属、无机片状体形颗粒或颜料为效应颜料(尤其是金属效应颜料或干涉颜料),即除赋予应用介质颜色外,赋予其它性能,例如颜色的角度相关性(随角异色)、光泽(非表面光泽)或纹理的颜料。在金属效应颜料上,在定向取向的颜料颗粒上发生基本定向的反射。在干涉颜料的情况下,颜色赋予效果是由于薄的高折射层中的光干涉现象。
本发明(效应)颜料可用于所有常规目的,例如用于聚合物总体着色、涂料(包括效应末道漆,包括用于汽车领域的那些)和印刷油墨(包括胶版印刷、凹版印刷、烫金印刷和柔版印刷)以及例如用于化妆品应用、喷墨印刷、用于将织物染色、陶瓷和玻璃用釉料以及纸和塑料的激光标记。这类应用由参考著作,例如“IndustrielleOrganischePigmente”(W.Herbst和K.Hunger,VCHVerlagsgesellschaftmbH,Weinheim/NewYork,第2版,完全修订版,1995)中已知。
当本发明颜料为干涉颜料(效应颜料)时,它们可以为角异色性的并产生亮的高饱和(光泽)颜色。因此,它们非常尤其适于与常规透明颜料,例如有机颜料如二酮吡咯并吡咯、喹吖啶酮、二嗪、苝、异吲哚啉酮等组合,透明颜料可具有与效应颜料类似的颜色。然而,当透明颜料的颜色与效应颜料的颜色互补时,类似于例如EP-A-388932或EP-A-402943,得到尤其有意义的组合效果。
本发明颜料可以以就将高分子量有机材料着色而言的优异结果使用。
可使用本发明颜料或颜料组合物着色的高分子量有机材料可以为天然或合成来源。高分子量有机材料通常具有约103-108g/mol或者甚至更大的平均重均分子量。它们可例如为天然树脂、干性油、橡胶或干酪素,或者衍生出它们的天然物质,例如氯化橡胶、油改性醇酸树脂、纤维胶、纤维素醚或酯,例如乙基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、乙酰丁酸纤维素或硝基纤维素,但尤其是完全合成有机聚合物(热固性塑料和热塑性塑料),如通过聚合、缩聚或加聚得到的。从聚合树脂类中,可尤其提到聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚异丁烯,以及取代聚烯烃,例如氯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或丁二烯的聚合产物,以及所述单体的共聚产物,例如尤其ABS或EVA。
从加聚树脂和缩聚树脂系列中,可例如提到甲醛与酚的缩合产物,所谓的酚醛塑料,以及甲醛与脲、硫脲或三聚氰胺的缩合产物,所谓的氨基塑料,和用作表面涂覆树脂的聚酯,饱和的,例如醇酸树脂,或者不饱和的,例如马来酸酯树脂;还有线性聚酯和聚酰胺、聚氨酯或聚硅氧烷。
所述高分子量化合物可以单独地或者以混合物,以塑料块或熔体的形式存在。它们也可以以其单体的形式或者以聚合状态以溶解形式作为涂料或者印刷油墨的成膜剂或基料存在,例如煮沸亚麻子油、硝基纤维素、醇酸树脂、三聚氰胺树脂和脲-甲醛树脂或者丙烯酸树脂。
取决于意欲目的,证明有利的是本发明效应颜料或效应颜料组合物作为调色剂或者以制剂的形式使用。取决于调节方法或意欲的应用,可有利地在调节方法以前或以后将特定量的纹理改进剂加入效应颜料中,条件是这对效应颜料在将高分子量有机材料,尤其是聚乙烯着色中的用途不具有负面影响。合适的试剂尤其是包含至少18个碳原子的脂肪酸,例如硬脂酸或山酸,或者酰胺或其金属盐,尤其是镁盐,以及增塑剂、蜡、树脂酸如枞酸、松香皂、烷基酚,或者脂族醇,例如硬脂醇,或者包含8-22个碳原子的脂族1,2-二羟基化合物,例如1,2-十二烷二醇,以及改性松香马来酸酯树脂或者富马酸松香树脂。纹理改进剂以基于最终产物优选0.1-30重量%,尤其是2-15重量%的量加入。
本发明(效应)颜料可以以对待着色高分子量有机材料而言的任何着色有效量加入。包含高分子量有机材料和基于高分子量有机材料0.01-80重量%,优选0.1-30重量%本发明颜料的着色物质组合物是有利的。实践中通常可使用1-20重量%,尤其是约10重量%的浓度。
高浓度,例如30重量%以上的那些通常以可作为着色剂用于制备具有较低颜料含量的着色材料的浓缩物(“母料”)的形式使用,其中本发明颜料在常规配制剂中具有格外低的粘度,使得它们仍可很好地加工。
就将有机材料着色而言,本发明效应颜料可单独地使用。然而,为实现不同的色调或颜色效果,也可除本发明效应颜料外,将任何所需量的其它颜色赋予组分如白色、有色、黑色或效应颜料加入高分子量有机物质中。当有色颜料以与本发明效应颜料的混合物使用时,总量基于高分子量有机材料优选为0.1-10重量%。尤其高的角异色性通过本发明效应颜料与另一颜色,尤其是互补颜色的有色颜料的优选组合提供,其中使用效应颜料进行的染色和使用有色颜料进行的染色在10°的测量角下具有20-340,尤其是150-210的色调差(ΔH*)。
优选地,本发明效应颜料与透明有色颜料组合,透明有色颜料可存在于与本发明效应颜料相同的介质中或者存在于相邻介质中。其中效应颜料和有色颜料有利地存在于相邻介质中的设置的实例为多层效应涂层。
将高分子量有机物质用本发明颜料着色例如通过使用辊磨机或者混合或研磨设备将该颜料如果合适的话以母料的形式与基质混合而进行。然后使用本身已知的方法,例如压延、压缩模塑、挤出、涂覆、倾倒或注射模塑使着色材料形成所需最终形式。可将塑料工业中常用的任何添加剂,例如增塑剂、填料或稳定剂在颜料掺入以前或以后以常规量加入聚合物中。特别地,为生产非刚性成型制品或者为降低其脆性,理想的是在成型以前将增塑剂,例如磷酸、邻苯二甲酸或癸二酸的酯加入高分子量化合物中。
为将涂料和印刷油墨着色,将高分子量有机材料和本发明效应颜料,如果合适的话与常规添加剂如填料、其它颜料、干燥剂或增塑剂一起精细分散或溶于相同的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物中,可将各组分分别溶解或分散,或者将许多组分一起溶解或分散,以及仅在其后使所有组分在一起。
将本发明效应颜料分散在待着色的高分子量有机材料中和加工本发明颜料组合物优选经受仅存在较弱剪切力的条件,使得效应颜料不会破裂成较小的部分而进行。
塑料包含0.1-50重量%,特别是0.5-7重量%的量的本发明颜料。在涂料领域中,本发明颜料以0.1-10重量%的量使用。在基料体系,例如油漆和用于凹版印刷、胶版印刷或丝网印刷的印刷油墨的着色中,颜料以0.1-50重量%,优选5-30重量%,特别是8-15重量%的量掺入印刷油墨中。
例如在塑料、涂料或印刷油墨中,尤其是在涂料或印刷油墨中,更尤其是在涂料中得到的着色的特征可以为优异的性能,尤其是极高的饱和度、突出的牢度性能、高色纯度和高角异色性。
当待着色的高分子量材料为涂料时,它尤其是专用涂料,非常尤其是汽车末道漆。
本发明效应颜料还适于化妆唇部或皮肤,以及用于将头发或指甲染色。
因此,本发明还涉及包含基于化妆品制剂或配制剂的总重量0.0001-90重量%的本发明颜料,尤其是效应颜料,和10-99.9999%化妆品合适载体材料的化妆品制剂或配制剂。
这类化妆品制剂或配制剂为例如唇膏、腮红、粉底、指甲油和洗发水。
颜料可单独地或者以混合物的形式使用。另外,本发明颜料可与其它颜料和/或着色剂一起,例如以如前文所述或者如化妆品配制剂中所知组合使用。
本发明化妆品制剂和配制剂优选包含基于制剂的总重量0.005-50重量%的量的本发明颜料。
用于本发明化妆品制剂和配制剂的合适载体材料包括用于这类组合物中的常规材料。
本发明化妆品制剂和配制剂可以为例如棒、膏、霜、乳液、悬浮液、分散体、粉末或溶液的形式。它们例如为唇膏、睫毛膏制剂、腮红、眼影、粉底、眼线膏、粉或指甲油。
如果制剂为棒的形式,例如唇膏、眼影、腮红或粉底,则制剂相当部分地由脂肪组分组成,所述脂肪组分可由以下组分组成:一种或多种蜡,例如地蜡、羊毛脂、羊毛脂醇、氢化羊毛脂、乙酰化羊毛脂、羊毛脂蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、微晶蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、可可油、羊毛脂脂肪酸、矿脂、凡士林油、单-、二-或三甘油酯或在25℃下为固体的其脂肪酯,聚硅氧烷蜡,例如甲基十八烷氧基聚硅氧烷和聚(二甲基甲硅烷氧基)-硬脂酰氧基硅氧烷,硬脂酸单乙醇胺,松香及其衍生物,例如二醇枞酸酯和甘油枞酸酯,在25℃下为固体的氢化油,糖甘油酯以及钙、镁、锆和铝的油酸盐、豆蔻酸盐、羊毛酸盐、硬脂酸盐和二羟基硬脂酸盐。
脂肪组分也可以由至少一种蜡和至少一种油的混合物组成,在这种情况下,以下油例如为合适的:石蜡油、purcellineoil、全氢化角鲨烯、甜杏仁油、鳄梨油、琼崖海棠油(calophyllumoil)、蓖麻油、芝麻油、霍霍巴油、沸点为约310-410℃的矿物油、硅油如二甲基聚硅氧烷、亚油醇、亚麻醇、油醇、禾谷粒油如小麦胚芽油、羊毛脂酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸丁酯、肉豆蔻酸鲸蜡酯、硬脂酸十六烷基酯、硬脂酸丁酯、油酸癸酯、乙酰甘油酯,如下物质的辛酸酯和癸酸酯:醇和多元醇,例如二醇和甘油,如下物质的蓖麻醇酸酯:醇和多元醇,例如鲸蜡醇,异硬脂醇,羊毛脂酸异鲸蜡酯,己二酸异丙酯,月桂酸己酯和辛基十二醇。
在棒形式的这类制剂中,脂肪组分通常可构成制剂总重量的至多99.91重量%。
本发明化妆品制剂和配制剂还可包含其它组分,例如二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、单链烷醇酰胺、未着色聚合无机或有机填料、防腐剂、UV填料或化妆品中常用的其它辅助剂和添加剂,例如天然或者合成或部分合成二-或三甘油酯、矿物油、硅油、蜡、脂肪醇、格尔伯特醇或其酯、亲脂性官能化妆品活性成分,包括防晒过滤剂,或者这类物质的混合物。
适于皮肤化妆品的亲脂性官能化妆品活性成分、活性成分组合物或活性成分提取物为认可用于皮肤或局部应用的成分或成分的混合物。可例如提到以下:
-对皮肤表面和头发具有清洁作用的活性成分;这些包括用于清洁皮肤的所有物质,例如油、皂、合成洗涤剂和固体物质;
-具有除臭和排汗抑制作用的活性成分:它们包括基于铝盐或锌盐的止汗剂,包含杀菌或抗菌除臭物质的除臭剂,例如三氯生、六氯酚,醇和阳离子物质,例如季铵盐,和气味吸收剂,Grillocin(蓖麻醇酸锌和各种添加剂的组合)或者柠檬酸三乙酯(任选与抗氧化剂如丁基羟基甲苯组合)或离子交换树脂;
-提供保护以防日光的活性成分(UV过滤剂):合适的活性成分为能够吸收来自日光的UV辐射并将它转化成热的过滤剂物质(防晒剂);取决于所需作用,优选以下光保护剂:选择性吸收约280-315nm的导致晒斑的高能UV辐射且透射例如315-400nm(UV-A范围)的较长波长范围的光保护剂(UV-B吸收剂),以及仅吸收315-400nm的UV-A范围较长波辐射的光保护剂(UV-A吸收剂);
合适的光保护剂为例如来自以下类别的有机UV吸收剂:对氨基苯甲酸衍生物、水杨酸衍生物、二苯甲酮衍生物、二苯甲酰甲烷衍生物、二苯基丙烯酸酯衍生物、苯并呋喃衍生物、包含一个或多个有机硅基团的聚合UV吸收剂、肉桂酸衍生物、樟脑衍生物、三苯胺基-s-三嗪衍生物、苯基苯并咪唑磺酸及其盐、邻氨基苯甲酸薄荷基酯、苯并三唑衍生物,和/或选自氧化铝-或二氧化硅涂覆TiO2、氧化锌或云母的无机微颜料;
-对抗昆虫的活性成分(驱避剂)为意欲防止昆虫接触皮肤并在那里活动的试剂;它们将昆虫驱走并缓慢蒸发;最常用的驱避剂为二乙基甲苯酰胺(DEET);其它常用驱避剂在例如“Pflegekosmetik”(W.Raab和U.Kindl,Gustav-Fischer-VerlagStuttgart/NewYork,1991),第161页上找到;
-保护以防化学和机械影响的活性成分:这些包括在皮肤与外部有害物质之间形成屏障的所有物质,例如保护以防水溶液的石蜡油、硅油、植物油、PCL产品和羊毛脂,保护以防有机溶剂影响的成膜剂如藻酸钠、三乙醇胺藻酸盐、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯醇或纤维素醚,或者基于矿物油、植物油或硅油的物质如保护以防对皮肤的严重机械应力的“润滑剂”;
-保湿物质:以下物质例如用作水分控制剂(保湿剂):乳酸钠、脲、醇、山梨糖醇、甘油、丙二醇、胶原、弹性蛋白和透明质酸;
-具有角质促成效果的活性成分:过氧化苯甲酰、维生素A酸、胶体硫和间苯二酚;
-抗微生物剂,例如三氯生或季铵化合物;
-可皮肤应用的油质或油溶性维生素或维生素衍生物:例如维生素A(游离酸或其衍生物形式的视黄醇)、泛酰醇、泛酸、叶酸及其组合、维生素E(生育酚)、维生素F;必需脂肪酸;或烟酰胺(烟酸酰胺);
-维生素基胎盘提取物:尤其包含维生素A、C、E、B1、B2、B6、B12、叶酸和生物素、氨基酸和酶以及痕量元素镁、硅、磷、钙、锰、铁或铜的化合物的活性成分组合物;
-皮肤修复复合物:可由双歧杆菌菌群的细菌的灭活和分裂培养物得到;
-植物和植物提取物:例如山金车花、芦荟、长松萝、常春藤、刺荨麻、人参、指甲花、甘菊、万寿菊、迷迭香、鼠尾草、大麻黄或百里香;
-动物提取物:例如蜂王浆、蜂胶、蛋白质或胸腺提取物;
-可皮肤应用的化妆油:Miglyol812型中性油、杏仁油、鳄梨油、巴巴苏仁油、棉子油、琉璃苣油、蓟油、花生油、γ-谷维素、玫瑰果籽油、麻油、榛子油、黑醋栗子油、霍霍巴油、樱桃核油、鲑鱼油、亚麻子油、玉米油、澳大利亚坚果油、杏仁油、夜来香油、貂油、橄榄油、山核桃仁油、桃仁油、乳香黄连木油、菜油、稻子油、蓖麻油、红花油、芝麻油、大豆油、向日葵油、茶树油、葡萄籽油或小麦胚芽油。
棒形式的制剂优选为无水的,但在某些情况下可以包含一定量的水,然而,其基于化妆品制剂的总重量通常不超过40重量%。
如果本发明化妆品制剂和配制剂为半固体产品的形式,即为膏或霜的形式,则它们也可以为无水或含水的。这类制剂和配制剂为例如睫毛膏、眼线膏、粉底、腮红、眼影或者用于处理眼下黑眼圈的组合物。
另一方面,如果这类膏或霜为含水的,则它们尤其为除颜料外,包含1-98.8重量%脂肪相、1-98.8重量%水相和0.2-30重量%乳化剂的油包水型或水包油型乳液。
这类膏和霜还可包含其它常规添加剂,例如香料、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、凝胶形成剂、UV过滤剂、着色剂、颜料、珠光剂、非着色聚合物以及无机或有机填料。
如果制剂为粉末形式,则它们基本由矿物或者无机或有机填料如滑石、高岭土、淀粉、聚乙烯粉末或聚酰胺粉末以及辅助剂如基料、着色剂等组成。
这类制剂也可以包含化妆品中常用的各种辅助剂,例如芳香剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂等。
如果本发明化妆品制剂和配制剂为指甲油,则它们基本由在溶剂体系中的溶液形式的硝基纤维素和天然或合成聚合物组成,溶液可包含其它辅助剂,例如珠光剂。
在该实施方案中,着色聚合物以约0.1-5重量%的量存在。
本发明化妆品制剂和配制剂也可用于将头发着色,在这种情况下它们以包含常用于化妆品工业中的基础物质和本发明颜料的洗发水、霜或凝胶的形式使用。
本发明化妆品制剂和配制剂以常规方式,例如通过将组分一起混合或搅拌,任选同时加热使得混合物熔融而制备。
因此,本申请预期包含由直径为2μm或更大的涂覆锌金云母形成的效应颜料的化妆品、涂料、油墨、油漆和塑料组合物。
水热制备云母的屏障应用
当存在于纸涂料、包装膜上的涂料或者包装中所用膜或容器中混合的熔体中时,借助以上水热方法制备的合成衍生锌金云母片状体可用于实现对气体如水蒸气、CO2和氧气的屏障。
通过本文所公开方法形成的片状体可用于形成在这类基质如纸、塑料包装上或者中的层状结构或者作为涂层内的组分。云母材料的层状结构例如可用于提供具有低水蒸气透过率(MVTR)和/或低氧气透过率(OTR)的屏障包装膜。
熟知层状硅酸盐用于改进易燃物质的阻燃性能。例如,通过本发明水热方法形成的锌金云母片状体可在聚合物组合物中通过提高复合物的屏障性能而用于改进复合物的阻燃性能,并提高复合物点火时的木炭形成。
实施例
实施例1
起始试剂为Al(NO3)3、硫酸锌七水合物、氢氧化钾和胶体二氧化硅。将6MKOH溶液加入硫酸锌七水合物中并将混合物搅拌约5分钟。将6MKOH加入Al(NO3)3中,并使内容物涡旋以混合。将两种混合物结合。将反应混合物转移至搅拌Parr反应器中并加入胶体二氧化硅,形成凝胶。将反应器加热8小时以达到200℃的温度并保持在该温度下24小时。当冷却至室温时,将反应过滤并用D.I.水洗涤,得到白色粉末。反应物以非化学计量比加入。该制备遵循Komarneni等人,ClaysandClayMinerals,第51卷,#6,693,2003中的制备,不同的是胶体二氧化硅代替H2SiO3作为硅来源。尺寸分布为d(10):1.5μm,d(50):5.5μm,d(90):16.7μm。
图1显示实施例1中形成的锌金云母的形态。
实施例2
实施例2使用硝酸铝作为铝来源,在静态混合条件下运行且胶体二氧化硅为硅来源。反应物以化学计量比加入。图3显示实施例2中形成的片状体的形态。这些片状体的形态与图1中所示形态非常不同。颗粒的尺寸分布为:d(10):0.8μm,d(50):2.9μm,d(90):27.1μm。
锌金云母KZn3AlSi3O10(OH)2的合成
表I—实施例1-4的反应物和反应条件
实施例3
根据现有技术的熟知方法将通过本发明水热方法形成的片状体用TiO2涂覆以形成效应颜料。
Claims (14)
1.式(1)的合成锌金云母片状体:
IZn3(AlSi3O10)(X)2(1)
其中:
I为选自由K+、Na+、NH4 +和Li+,优选K+和Na+组成的组的层间单价阳离子;
且
X独立地为氟离子、氢氧根或者氟离子和氢氧根,优选氢氧根,
其特征是至少2.5μm的直径,优选至少3的直径。
2.根据权利要求1的片状体,其中式(1)选自金云母式中任一种或混合物,所述金云母式选自由KZn3AlSi3O10(OH)2、KZn3AlSi3O10(OH,F)和KZn3AlSi3O10(F),优选KZn3AlSi3O10(OH)2组成的组。
3.根据权利要求1或2的片状体,其中直径d50为至少2.5μm至约1mm,更优选的范围为约3μm至约60μm。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项的片状体,其中锌金云母片状体的厚度为约10nm至约500nm,优选约20nm至约400nm,最优选约10nm至约150nm,尤其是约15nm至约100nm。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项的片状体,其中片状体透射至少92%光,优选95%光,最优选98%光。
6.制备式(1)的金云母片状体的方法:
IZn3(AlSi3O10)(X)2(1)
其中:
I为选自由K+、Na+、NH4 +和Li+,优选K+组成的组的层间单价阳离子;且
X独立地为氟离子、氢氧根或者氢氧根和氟,优选氢氧根;
所述方法包括如下步骤:
形成包含以下组分的反应混合物:
选自由Na+、K+、NH4 +和Li+,优选K+组成的组的I来源;
铝来源;
硅来源;
锌来源;
任选氟离子来源和/或氢氧根来源,优选氢氧根来源;
和
任选预成型金云母晶体的晶种,
将所述反应混合物在碱性条件下在约125至约250℃,优选150℃至约225℃的温度,和约50至约400psi,优选约100psi至约220psi的压力下水热处理以形成式(1)的片状体;
和
任选分离形成的片状体且硅来源为胶体二氧化硅。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中铝来源、二氧化硅来源、锌来源以化学计量的量存在于反应混合物中。
8.根据权利要求6或7的方法,其中铝来源选自由元素铝Al0、Al(NO3)3(硝酸铝)、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)、Na2Al2O4(铝酸钠)、Al(OH)3(氢氧化铝)、Al2O3、假勃姆石、异丙醇铝、Al(C2H3O2)3、AlBr3、AlCl3、Al(C6H5O7)(柠檬酸铝)、AlF3、Al(CHO2)3(甲酸铝)、Al2(SO4)3、AlOOH(羟基氧化铝)及其水合物组成的组,优选选自Al(NO3)3(硝酸铝)、Al2(SO4)3、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)、Al(OH)3、AlOOH及其水合物,最优选选自Al(NO3)3、K2Al2O4(铝酸钾)及其水合物。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项的方法,其中锌来源选自由元素锌Zn0、ZnSO4、Zn(NO3)2、ZnBr2、Zn(C2H3O2)2(乙酸锌)、ZnCO3、Zn(CHO2)2(甲酸锌)、ZnCl2、氧化锌、Zn0、ZnI2及其水合物组成的组;
且
任选氟离子来源选自由HF、NH4F、NaF、K2SiF6、KF和MgF2组成的组,且
任选氢氧根来源选自由氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化铵、三丙基氢氧化铵和四甲基氢氧化铵组成的组。
10.颜料,其包含根据权利要求1-5中任一项的合成锌金云母片状体。
11.颜料,其包含根据权利要求1-5中任一项的锌金云母片状体,
(a)具有高折射率的介电材料,尤其是金属氧化物的层;和/或
(b)金属层,尤其是薄半透明金属层。
12.根据权利要求11的颜料,其中除层(a)或(b)外,颜料进一步包含:具有低折射率的金属氧化物层(c)和具有高折射率的层(d),其中高与低折射率之间的折射率差至少为0.1。
13.根据权利要求11或12的颜料,其中具有高折射率的层(a)的金属氧化物为TiO2、ZrO2、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Cr2O3、ZnO、这些氧化物的混合物、钛酸铁、氧化铁水合物、低价氧化钛或者这些化合物的混合物和/或混合相。
14.油漆、喷墨、涂料、印刷油墨、塑料、化妆品、陶瓷和玻璃用釉料,其包含根据权利要求10-13中任一项的颜料。
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CN (2) | CN105121349A (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2014249145A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112015021090A2 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2905784A1 (zh) |
RU (2) | RU2015143092A (zh) |
TW (2) | TW201442981A (zh) |
WO (2) | WO2014164624A1 (zh) |
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CN111908502A (zh) * | 2020-06-25 | 2020-11-10 | 江阴市友佳珠光云母有限公司 | 一种幻彩超薄合成云母片的生产工艺 |
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KR20150125952A (ko) * | 2013-03-11 | 2015-11-10 | 바스프 에스이 | 징크 플로고파이트의 수열 합성 |
PL3034566T3 (pl) | 2014-12-19 | 2019-08-30 | Eckart Gmbh | Metaliczne pigmenty efektowe o wysokim nasyceniu barwy i wysokim połysku, sposób ich wytwarzania oraz ich zastosowanie |
PL3034564T3 (pl) | 2014-12-19 | 2018-07-31 | Eckart Gmbh | Pigmenty efektowe o wysokiej transparentności, wysokim nasyceniu i wysokiej czystości barwy, sposób ich wytwarzania i ich zastosowanie |
EP3034563B1 (de) | 2014-12-19 | 2019-02-20 | Eckart GmbH | Goldfarbene Effektpigmente mit hohem Chroma und hoher Brillanz, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung derselben |
EP3034562B2 (de) | 2014-12-19 | 2021-12-08 | Eckart GmbH | Absorbierende Effektpigmente mit hohem Chroma und hoher Brillanz, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwendung derselben |
KR102532466B1 (ko) | 2014-12-19 | 2023-05-16 | 엑카르트 게엠베하 | 고 채도 및 고 휘도를 갖는 적색 장식용 안료, 그의 제조 방법 및 그의 용도 |
CN108136387B (zh) * | 2015-08-14 | 2021-08-20 | 巴斯夫公司 | 作为scr催化剂的离子交换的合成层状硅酸盐 |
KR102200933B1 (ko) | 2016-04-15 | 2021-01-12 | 엑카르트 게엠베하 | 표면-개질 효과 안료 및 네일 바니시 조성물 |
EP3449896B1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2021-03-17 | Shiseido Company, Ltd. | Oil-in-water solid cosmetic |
CN110914371A (zh) * | 2017-04-04 | 2020-03-24 | 巴斯夫色彩与效果有限公司 | 无机效果颜料 |
WO2019077021A1 (de) | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-25 | Eckart Gmbh | Nagellackkomposition enthaltend geprägte effektpigmente sowie oberflächenmodifizierte geprägte effektpigmente |
MX2020006403A (es) * | 2017-12-20 | 2022-04-27 | Unilever Ip Holdings B V | Una composición antimicrobiana. |
CN110902697A (zh) * | 2018-09-16 | 2020-03-24 | 张旭 | 一种萤石制备氟化钠或氟化钾的工艺和装置 |
CN111423118B (zh) * | 2020-04-02 | 2022-09-13 | 福建省威尔陶瓷股份有限公司 | 一种易清洁型日用陶瓷制品及其制备方法 |
KR102484655B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-19 | 2023-01-04 | (주)덕진 | 판상 산화아연 입자, 그 제조 방법 및 응용 |
CN113235165B (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-10-14 | 上海大学 | 一种Fe1-xTMxS单晶材料的制备方法 |
GB202112325D0 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-10-13 | Pilkington Group Ltd | Fire-resistant glazing |
CN117881732A (zh) | 2021-08-30 | 2024-04-12 | 巴斯夫涂料有限公司 | 丝滑白色多层涂层 |
WO2024105039A1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2024-05-23 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | LiDAR REFLECTIVE COATINGS |
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US5885342A (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 1999-03-23 | Engelhard Corporation | Blended nacreous pigments, colorants and adjuvants |
DE102006027025A1 (de) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Silberweiße-Effektpigmente |
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- 2014-03-11 BR BR112015021090A patent/BR112015021090A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-03-11 CA CA2905784A patent/CA2905784A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-03-11 TW TW103108346A patent/TW201442981A/zh unknown
- 2014-03-11 CN CN201480013535.0A patent/CN105121349A/zh active Pending
- 2014-03-11 US US14/204,151 patent/US20140255328A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-03-11 AU AU2014249145A patent/AU2014249145A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-03-11 JP JP2016501139A patent/JP2016518299A/ja active Pending
- 2014-03-11 WO PCT/US2014/023031 patent/WO2014164624A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-11 KR KR1020157024960A patent/KR20150125954A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-03-11 WO PCT/US2014/023060 patent/WO2014164635A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-03-11 TW TW103108344A patent/TW201442957A/zh unknown
- 2014-03-11 EP EP14778287.4A patent/EP2969950A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-11 US US14/204,244 patent/US20140251184A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-03-11 JP JP2016501130A patent/JP2016519035A/ja active Pending
- 2014-03-11 RU RU2015143092A patent/RU2015143092A/ru unknown
- 2014-03-11 US US14/204,366 patent/US20140251202A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2014-03-11 RU RU2015143091A patent/RU2015143091A/ru unknown
- 2014-03-11 EP EP14779644.5A patent/EP2969955A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-11 CN CN201480013523.8A patent/CN105121344A/zh active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111908502A (zh) * | 2020-06-25 | 2020-11-10 | 江阴市友佳珠光云母有限公司 | 一种幻彩超薄合成云母片的生产工艺 |
Also Published As
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US20140251202A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
AU2014249134A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
EP2969955A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
JP2016519035A (ja) | 2016-06-30 |
TW201442957A (zh) | 2014-11-16 |
WO2014164624A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
AU2014249145A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
BR112015021090A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
JP2016518299A (ja) | 2016-06-23 |
TW201442981A (zh) | 2014-11-16 |
US20140255328A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
CN105121344A (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
CA2905784A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
KR20150125952A (ko) | 2015-11-10 |
US20140251184A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
EP2969950A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
RU2015143091A (ru) | 2017-04-17 |
WO2014164635A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
CA2905772A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
RU2015143092A (ru) | 2017-04-13 |
KR20150125954A (ko) | 2015-11-10 |
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