CN105090935A - Solid fuel combustion method and combustion device - Google Patents
Solid fuel combustion method and combustion device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105090935A CN105090935A CN201410220319.5A CN201410220319A CN105090935A CN 105090935 A CN105090935 A CN 105090935A CN 201410220319 A CN201410220319 A CN 201410220319A CN 105090935 A CN105090935 A CN 105090935A
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- combustion
- solid
- burner hearth
- fuelled
- bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
- F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
- F23B50/04—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the movement of combustion air and flue gases being substantially transverse to the movement of the fuel
Abstract
The invention provides a solid fuel combustion method and combustion device. The combustion device comprises a hearth, wherein the hearth is provided with an air inlet and a solid fuel feeding opening; the feeding opening is formed in the top of the hearth,; a grate is arranged in the hearth, corresponding to the feeding opening; fuel fed from the feeding opening forms a material stacking layer on the grate; the side, close to a combustion cavity, of the material stacking layer is a combustion side; the side, opposite to the combustion side, of the material stacking layer is an air inlet side; and the air inlet side is provided with a side wall only allowing air to be supplied to the upper part of the material stacking layer, so that main air flow produced by air entering the hearth enters the material stacking layer from the upper part of the air inlet side of the material stacking layer, enters the combustion cavity from the combustion side after passing through the material stacking layer, and is finally discharged from a tail gas outlet. The combustion device not only can fully burn volatile components in the solid fuel, but also solves a molten ash problem and ensures the continuous combustion of the fuel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solid fuel ignition field, specifically, have about a kind of solid fuel ignition method and burner.
Background technology
From fuel grade angle, solid fuel, because of aboundresources, use safety, is modern humans's the most widely used a kind of incendiary material, particularly coal.In addition, along with the increase of demand of mineral solids fuel, the minimizing of resource that take coal as representative, and the expansion of global new forms of energy motion, reproducible biomass combustion material, as straw, straw, timber, wood chip, deadwood etc. obtain the great attention of people.
The direct ignition combustion of major way of current use biomass combustion material, this mode efficiency of combustion is very low, and produces a large amount of black smokes, causes environmental pollution.
All the time, a lot of people attempts to adopt existing coal stove to carry out firing biomass fuel.Because the combustion characteristics of the higher mineral matter incendiary material of biomass combustion material and fixed carbon content has larger difference, existing combustion stove can not adapt to the solid-fuelled burning be made up of reproducible biological material, cause efficiency of combustion low, there is the problems such as exhaust emission, thus constrain the application of biomass combustion material.In addition, a large amount of coal used is all the high-rank coal that fixed carbon comparision contents is high, such as anthracite, bituminous coal etc. now, some grizzles, such as brown coal, mud coal etc., utilize existing burner, there is efficiency of combustion too low, the problems such as over-emitting black exhaust, be not therefore also used widely at present.
The present inventor finds after carefully studying, biomass combustion material and grizzle (such as brown coal, mud coal etc.) are compared with high-rank coal, main difference is, the fixed carbon content of high-rank coal is very high (generally more than 90%), therefore the mainly fixed carbon combustion system when burning; And the fixed carbon comparision contents of biomass combustion material and grizzle is low, and volatile content higher (probably at 50%-70%).The solid fuel that this volatile content is high, main exist two features: 1) fugitive constituent Precipitation Temperature is lower than fugitive constituent burning-point; 2) burning-point of fugitive constituent is higher than ash fusion point.
Current combustion furnace is generally divided into forward combustion stove and trans combustion furnace two kinds, because biomass fuel and grizzle exist These characteristics, adopts these two kinds of combustion furnaces all cannot realize lasting efficient burning.
Existing forward combustion stove is generally air feed below fire grate, and the air-flow that the wind entering burner hearth produces, from bottom to top through fire grate, makes the flame upwards forward combustion that the fuel combustion on fire grate produces.During the burning of this forward combustion device, there are the following problems:
1) efficiency of combustion is low.When burning, because the Precipitation Temperature of fugitive constituent is lower than the burning-point of fugitive constituent, first fugitive constituent is separated out and is discharged in air in the mode of black smoke, remaining fixed carbon part is burnt again, so only make use of the heat that fixed carbon burning wherein produces, not only efficiency of combustion is lower, and there is exhaust emission.
2) can not sustained combustion.This forward combustion device, due to by fire grate air feed, forms high temperature grate in fire grate position.And because the ash fusion point of fuel is lower than the burning-point of fugitive constituent and fixed carbon, under the hot environment of fixed carbon burning on fire grate, grate temperature is higher than ash fusion point, ashes after burning are in thick molten condition, can stick with paste on fire grate, normally cannot be discharged by fire grate or other ash exhauster (such as gray moving rod).These thick ashes are blended in the fuel burnt, and not only greatly have impact on the efficiency of combustion of fuel.Further, these thick ashes are bonded on fire grate, plug the air intake passage on fire grate, fire grate can be stuck with paste dead, combustion furnace cannot be worked on after a period of time.
The feature of trans combustion furnace is, crater is lower than fire grate, and the air-flow that the wind entering burner hearth produces from top to bottom is discharged through the offgas outlet through being communicated in crater after fire grate, thus the flame that burning is produced arrives crater again back through after fire grate.
Trans combustion system is compared with forward combustion, and the fugitive constituent of precipitation can when passing through fire grate by flame ignition, and efficiency of combustion is improved.But be positioned at fire grate position due to thermal-flame, this also makes the temperature of fire grate position very high, in high temperature environments, ashes after burning are in thick molten condition, can stick with paste on fire grate, plug the gas channel of fire grate, fire grate will soon be stuck with paste dead, combustion furnace cannot be worked on.
In addition, because the fugitive constituent Precipitation Temperature of fuel is lower than the burning-point of fuel, existing forward combustion and trans burner are when lighting a fire, and first fuel reach fugitive constituent Precipitation Temperature and then just enter fired state, in the air that the fugitive constituent of first separating out discharges with the form of black smoke, form over-emitting black exhaust phenomenon when lighting a fire, not only cause serious environmental pollution, and ignite owing to burning gradually by means of only fixed carbon fuel, not only not easily light, and temperature raises slow, the duration of ignition is long.
Therefore, be necessary the solid fuel ignition method and apparatus that the solid fuel (such as biomass fuel) providing a kind of applicable volatile content high burns, overcome the above-mentioned defect that existing combustion furnace exists, realize solid-fuelled orderly controlled burning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of solid-fuelled combustion method and burner are provided, not only can make the fugitive constituent Thorough combustion in solid fuel, and solve molten grey problem, ensure that the sustained combustion of fuel.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of solid-fuelled combustion method, charging aperture is provided with at roof of the furnace, in burner hearth, corresponding charging aperture is provided with the fire grate accepting the fuel entered from charging aperture, and the solid fuel entered from charging aperture forms the heap bed of material being extended to fire grate by charging aperture at fire grate; The combustion chamber being communicated in offgas outlet is provided with at the burner hearth of this heap bed of material wherein side, the side of the contiguous combustion chamber of the heap bed of material is formed as combustion side, wherein, only from the heap bed of material opposite side top relative with combustion side to heap bed of material air feed, light the heap bed of material, wind is through the heap bed of material, pass from the combustion side of the heap bed of material, formed towards the combustion flame of combustion chamber at the combustion side of the heap bed of material, fuel moves down gradually along with smaller volume, fresh fuel under gravity automatic makeup is charged on the heap bed of material, separates out fugitive constituent after this fresh fuel is heated; Wind to pass and towards combustion chamber flowing from the combustion side of the heap bed of material with the fugitive constituent of separating out, the focus combustion that the burned flame of fugitive constituent produces, and enter combustion chamber burning, combustion tail gas is discharged from offgas outlet; Meanwhile, the fixed carbon fuel of separating out after fugitive constituent is lighted, and carries out carbon burning, produces new combustion flame, and the ashes that the afterburnt produces are discharged by the fire grate bottom the heap bed of material, and along with the carrying out of burning, fresh fuel is constantly supplemented on the heap bed of material, forms burn cycle.
Present invention also offers a kind of solid-fuelled burner, comprise burner hearth, burner hearth is provided with air inlet and solid fuel charging aperture, wherein, described charging aperture is located at roof of the furnace, in burner hearth, corresponding described charging aperture is provided with the solid-fuelled fire grate accepted and enter from charging aperture, solid fuel formation extends to the heap bed of material fire grate from charging aperture, the combustion chamber being communicated in offgas outlet is provided with at the burner hearth of this heap bed of material wherein side, the side of the contiguous combustion chamber of the heap bed of material is formed as combustion side, the heap bed of material opposite side relative with this combustion side is formed as inlet side, there is in inlet side the sidewall only allowed to heap bed of material top air feed, thus the primary air that the wind entering burner hearth produces enters the heap bed of material by piling top, bed of material inlet side, combustion chamber is entered from combustion side through after the heap bed of material, finally discharge from offgas outlet.
Adopt above-mentioned combustion method of the present invention and burner, owing to being provided with the sidewall only allowed to heap bed of material top air feed in inlet side, like this, the air-flow that the wind entering burner hearth produces enters the heap bed of material primarily of the top of heap bed of material inlet side, and, the air-flow that the wind entering burner hearth along with the reduction of height produces can slowly weaken, and does not almost have air-flow to pass through in heap bed of material bottom oven grate position.During burning, primary air is through piling bed of material top and mixing with fugitive constituent, mixed gas enters combustion chamber from combustion side and form thermal-flame district in the top and combustion chamber of combustion side, and separate out the fixed carbon of fugitive constituent and a small amount of air-flow is piling the bottom smoulder of the bed of material, the fixed carbon burning of heap material layer lower part only plays the heating heap bed of material to accelerate the precipitation of fugitive constituent and to provide the effect of required hot environment for fugitive constituent burns, and thus there is not high temperature grate in heap bed of material bottom oven grate position.Along with the carrying out of burning, the fixed carbon fuel of smaller volume progressively moves down, burning time, longer fixed carbon fuel was positioned at more downward position, make the more downward temperature of fixed carbon burning zone of bottom lower, the ashes produced that burn also move down in process at fixed carbon fuel, be discharged in the grey room of bottom by bottom fire grate under gravity, efficiently solve the molten grey problem that existing combustion furnace exists, ensure that the continued stable combustion of combustion furnace.
Simultaneously, in combustion, the fuel newly adding to the heap bed of material fugitive constituent of being separated out by the heating of lower floor fixed carbon fuel flows towards combustion chamber along with air-flow, and lower floor's fixed carbon fuel combustion generation flame also burns towards combustion chamber under air-flow drives, at fugitive constituent through combustion flame, the high temperature that burned flame produces is lighted, thus achieves the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent.And, because burner of the present invention can utilize the charging of gravity automatic order along with the carrying out of burning, combustion furnace can be made to be in unattended running status, not only save manpower, and be in dynamic balance state owing to piling the bed of material, under making fixed carbon burning and fugitive constituent precipitation be in the fired state of continous-stable, effectively ensure that the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent always, improve efficiency of combustion, achieve the orderly controlled burning of combustion furnace.
In the present invention's optional example, the two relative side of the heap bed of material between inlet side and combustion side connects with inboard wall of burner hearth, thus is isolated in inlet side and combustion side.Because the heap bed of material of the present invention forms the slider of inlet side and combustion side, make the wind of inlet side just can only can enter combustion side through the heap bed of material, thus the effective supply that the wind achieving inlet side burns to fuel combustion and fugitive constituent.
In an optional example, the side wall surface of this two opposite sides inwall between inlet side and combustion side between the charging aperture of burner hearth and fire grate, with the heap two sides of the bed of material between inlet side and combustion side can be formed naturally to stack the gradient consistent or be positioned at this and naturally stack inside the gradient, thus make to pile the two sides of the bed of material between inlet side with combustion side and connect with inboard wall of burner hearth.
In the present invention's optional example, the sidewall of described inlet side is arranged to, and is formed with the fair flow structure allowing air-flow to pass through, is formed with the reducing-flow structure that barrier air passes through in bottom, inlet side on top, inlet side.
In an optional example, sidewall entirety in described inlet side is reducing-flow structure, has interval between the top of this sidewall and burner hearth roof, is described fair flow structure by this gap-forming.
In an optional example, described inlet side top side wall connects with burner hearth roof, and its middle and upper part is for permitting flow structure, and bottom is reducing-flow structure.
In an optional example, described fair flow structure is the opening being arranged on inlet side side wall upper part or the gap structure allowing air-flow to pass through.
In an optional example, described gap structure is fence structure, lattice structure or network.
In an optional example, described sidewall is upright side walls, sloped sidewall or curved wall.
In an optional example, described sidewall is made up of a part of sidewall of described burner hearth.
In another optional example of the present invention, described sidewall is made up of the side member being arranged at inlet side.
In an optional example, accept above fire grate in solid-fuelled windrow region and be provided with material toggling mechanism, control material toggling mechanism kinematic and the fuel in fired state is dialled loosening.
In an optional example, described material toggling mechanism is made up of rotary type setting gauge or is made up of portable setting gauge.
In an optional example, described setting gauge includes material toggling roller, and described material toggling roller is arranged with material toggling wing.
In an optional example, described material toggling wing is made up of material toggling rod or material toggling ring.
In an optional example, described material toggling wing is along material toggling roll shaft to symmetric arrays or asymmetric geometry or helical arrangement.
In an optional example, described material toggling roller drives it to rotate by turning cylinder, forms rotary type setting gauge; Or described material toggling roller drives it to move by carriage release lever, forms portable setting gauge.
In an optional example, the pivot center setting substantially vertical with the flow direction of primary air of described rotary type setting gauge, controls setting gauge rotation and is stirred to combustion side by fuel.
In the present invention's optional example, described fire grate has interval at a lateral edges of combustion chamber and inboard wall of burner hearth, and the pivot center of described rotary type setting gauge is roughly parallel to this grate edge spaced with inboard wall of burner hearth tool.
In an optional example, above described fire grate, be provided with two or more material toggling mechanism.
In an optional example, the burner hearth of combustion side is provided with lighting-up tuyere.
In an optional example, described lighting-up tuyere is arranged on the roof of the furnace of combustion side; Or described lighting-up tuyere is arranged on the burner hearth sidewall of combustion side.
In an optional example, the heap bed of material side that described lighting-up tuyere is adjacent to combustion side is arranged.
In an optional example, described air inlet is arranged on the roof of the furnace of inlet side.
In an optional example, described air inlet is arranged on the burner hearth sidewall of inlet side.
In an optional example, the air inlet on described burner hearth and be formed with air intake passage between burner hearth inlet side, thus by air intake passage, wind is supplied to inlet side.
Experiment proves, adopt above-mentioned combustion furnace of the present invention, fugitive constituent almost can be completely burned, and the efficiency of combustion of combustion furnace reaches more than 95%, and does not have soot emission, achieves the clean emission of the high solid fuel ignition of volatile content.Combustion furnace of the present invention takes full advantage of the characteristic of gravity and heat transmission, not only can meet the requirement of fuel principle, achieve the automatic order burning of fuel, and structure is simple, low cost of manufacture, easy to use, thus be that solid-fuelled the applying that fugitive constituent is high provides advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is sidewall top and the spaced structural representation of burner hearth roof tool of burner of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the lighting-up tuyere of burner of the present invention is arranged at burner hearth sidewall;
Fig. 3 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the A-A of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that the sidewall of burner of the present invention has opening;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that the sidewall of burner of the present invention has gap structure;
Fig. 6 is the sidewall of burner of the present invention is the structural representation of sloped sidewall;
Fig. 7 is the sidewall of burner of the present invention is the structural representation of side member;
The structural representation of Fig. 8 to be the sidewall of burner of the present invention be part for burner hearth sidewall;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation that burner air inlet of the present invention is arranged on burner hearth roof;
Figure 10 is the structural representation that burner air inlet of the present invention is arranged on burner hearth sidewall;
Figure 11 is a kind of structural representation that burner of the present invention has air intake passage;
Figure 12 is the structural representation that burner of the present invention has material toggling mechanism;
Figure 13 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the B-B of Figure 12;
Figure 14 is the structural representation that burner of the present invention has two material toggling structures;
Figure 15 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of setting gauge of the present invention;
The structural representation of the another kind of embodiment that Figure 16 is setting gauge shown in Figure 15;
Figure 17 is the structural representation of another embodiment of setting gauge shown in Figure 15;
Figure 18 is the structural representation of the third embodiment of setting gauge shown in Figure 15;
Figure 19 is the structural representation of the another kind of embodiment of setting gauge of the present invention;
The structural representation of the another kind of embodiment that Figure 20 is setting gauge shown in Figure 19;
Figure 21 is the structural representation of another embodiment of setting gauge shown in Figure 19;
Figure 22 is the structural representation of the third embodiment of setting gauge of the present invention;
Figure 23 is the structural representation of the 4th kind of embodiment of setting gauge of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
Burner 100; Heat-exchanger rig 200; Tail gas outlet 201;
Burner hearth 10; Inlet side 101; Combustion side 102; Two opposite sides internal face 103,104;
The heap bed of material 1; Two relative side 161,162; Naturally the gradient 16 is stacked; Charging aperture 11; Air inlet 12; Air intake passage 121; Choked flow wall 122; Fire grate 14;
Combustion chamber 3;
Ash room 4;
Solid fuel 5; Fugitive constituent 51; Separate out the fixed carbon fuel 52 after fugitive constituent; Ashes 53;
Sidewall 6; Permit flow structure 61; Reducing-flow structure 62; Interval 63; Opening 64; Gap structure 65; Side member 66;
Material toggling mechanism 7; Rotary type material toggling mechanism 7 '; Portable material toggling mechanism 7 ", material toggling roller 71; Material toggling wing 72; Material toggling rod 721; Material toggling ring 722; Turning cylinder 73; Shifting axle 74;
Lighting-up tuyere 8.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of solid-fuelled combustion method, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, charging aperture 11 is provided with at burner hearth 10 top, in burner hearth 10, corresponding charging aperture 11 is provided with the fire grate 14 accepting the fuel entered from charging aperture 11, and the solid fuel 5 entered from charging aperture 11 forms the heap bed of material 1 being extended to fire grate 14 by charging aperture 11 at fire grate 14, the combustion chamber 3 being communicated in offgas outlet is provided with at the burner hearth 10 of the heap bed of material 1 wherein side, the side of the contiguous combustion chamber 3 of the heap bed of material 1 is formed as combustion side 102, and, only from the heap bed of material 1 opposite side top relative with combustion side 102 to piling the bed of material 1 air feed, light the heap bed of material 1, wind is through the heap bed of material 1, pass from the combustion side 102 of the heap bed of material 1, formed towards the combustion flame of combustion chamber 3 at the combustion side 102 of the heap bed of material 1, fuel moves down gradually along with smaller volume, fresh fuel under gravity automatic makeup is charged on the heap bed of material 1, this fresh fuel is heated rear precipitation fugitive constituent 51, wind passes with the combustion side 102 of the fugitive constituent 51 of separating out from the heap bed of material 1 and flows towards combustion chamber 3, the focus combustion that the burned flame of fugitive constituent 51 produces, and enter combustion chamber 3 and burn, combustion tail gas is discharged from offgas outlet 201, meanwhile, the fixed carbon fuel 52 of separating out after fugitive constituent is lighted, and carries out carbon burning, produce new combustion flame, the ashes 53 that the afterburnt produces are discharged, along with the carrying out of burning by the fire grate 14 bottom the heap bed of material 1, on the heap bed of material 1 that fresh fuel constantly supplements, form burn cycle.
Present invention also offers a kind of solid-fuelled burner 100 adopting above-mentioned combustion method, as Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, this burner 100 comprises burner hearth 10, burner hearth 10 is provided with air inlet 12 and solid fuel charging aperture 11, charging aperture 11 is located at the top of burner hearth 10, in burner hearth 10, corresponding charging aperture 11 is provided with the fire grate 14 accepting the solid fuel 5 entered from charging aperture 11, solid fuel 5 forms the heap bed of material 1 extended to from charging aperture 11 fire grate 14, the combustion chamber 3 being communicated in offgas outlet 201 is provided with at the burner hearth of the heap bed of material 1 wherein side, the side of the contiguous combustion chamber 3 of the heap bed of material 1 is formed as combustion side 102, the heap bed of material 1 opposite side relative with combustion side 102 is formed as inlet side 101, there is in inlet side 101 sidewall 6 only allowed to the heap bed of material 1 top air feed, thus the primary air that the wind entering burner hearth 10 produces enters the heap bed of material 1 by piling top, bed of material inlet side 101, combustion chamber 3 is entered from combustion side through after the heap bed of material 1, finally discharge from offgas outlet 201.
The primary air that the wind that the present invention enters burner hearth 10 produces refers to the main air-flow that wind produces, and this air-flow is substantial transverse from the inlet side 101 of stockpiling area 1 to be passed from combustion side 102 through stockpiling area 1, the wind entering burner hearth 10 in combustion mainly produces the air-flow being horizontally through stockpiling area 1, bottom stockpiling area 1, fire grate 14 position does not almost have air-flow to pass or have faint air-flow to pass from bottom fire grate 14, as long as this faint air-flow does not affect main stream direction, would not have an impact to the effect of burner of the present invention, as long as namely burner of the present invention can to ensure in combustion process that main stream direction enters from the heap bed of material 1 inlet side 101 and pass from combustion side 102 substantial transversely to form side direction combustion system through the heap bed of material 1 and namely belong to scope of the present invention.
The heap bed of material 1 in the present invention refers to the stockpile that solid fuel is formed between charging aperture 11 and fire grate 14.This heap bed of material 1 in combustion, the fuel that upper strata newly enters first is heated to fugitive constituent Precipitation Temperature and separates out fugitive constituent, lighted subsequently and be fixed carbon burning, along with the volume of fuel that carries out of burning diminishes and moves down gradually, the ashes 53 that the afterburnt produces are discharged by fire grate 14; Meanwhile, fresh fuel under gravity automatic makeup is charged on the heap bed of material 1, and so circulate, the heap bed of material 1 between charging aperture 11 and fire grate 14 is in dynamic balance state in combustion, keeps stable windrow shape.
Adopt above-mentioned combustion method of the present invention and burner 100, owing to being provided with the sidewall 6 only allowed to the heap bed of material 1 top air feed in inlet side 101, like this, the primary air that the wind entering burner hearth 10 produces enters the heap bed of material 1 by the top of piling bed of material inlet side 101, and, the air-flow that the wind entering burner hearth 10 along with the reduction of height produces can slowly weaken, and bottom the heap bed of material 1, fire grate 14 position does not almost have air-flow to pass through.During burning, primary air is through piling the bed of material 1 top and mixing with fugitive constituent 51, mixed gas enters combustion chamber 3 from combustion side 102 and form thermal-flame district in the top of combustion side 102 and combustion chamber 3, and separate out the fixed carbon fuel after fugitive constituent 52 with a small amount of air-flow and piling the bottom smoulder of the bed of material 1, the burning of the fixed carbon fuel 52 after the precipitation fugitive constituent of the heap bed of material 1 bottom only plays the heating heap bed of material 1 to accelerate the precipitation of fugitive constituent 51 and to provide the effect of kindling material for fugitive constituent 51 burns, thus there is not high temperature grate in fire grate 14 position bottom the lower position and the heap bed of material 1 of the heap bed of material 1.And, along with the carrying out of burning, the fixed carbon fuel 52 of smaller volume progressively moves down, burning time, longer fixed carbon fuel 52 was positioned at more downward position, make the more downward temperature of fixed carbon burning zone of bottom lower, the ashes 53 produced that burn also move down in process at fixed carbon fuel, are discharged in the grey room 4 of bottom under gravity by bottom fire grate 14, efficiently solve the molten grey problem that existing combustion furnace exists, ensure that the continued stable combustion of combustion furnace.
Simultaneously, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, in combustion, fuel is heated precipitation fugitive constituent 51 by lower floor's fixed carbon fuel 52 flows towards combustion chamber 3 along with air-flow, and lower floor's fixed carbon fuel 52 burning generation flame also burns towards combustion chamber 3 under air-flow drives, at fugitive constituent 51 through combustion flame, the high temperature that burned flame produces is lighted, thus achieves the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent.And, because the present invention can utilize the charging of gravity automatic order along with the carrying out of burning, burner can be made to be in unattended running status, not only save manpower, and be in dynamic balance state owing to piling the bed of material 1, the heap bed of material 1 keeps stable windrow shape in combustion, under making the burning of the fixed carbon in burner hearth 1 and fugitive constituent precipitation be in the fired state of continous-stable always, effectively ensure that the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent, improve efficiency of combustion, achieve the orderly controlled burning of burner.
In the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the heap two relative side 161,162 of the bed of material 1 between inlet side 101 and combustion side 102 connects with inboard wall of burner hearth, to be kept apart by piling the bed of material 1 in the space of inlet side 101 and combustion side 102 by the burner hearth above fire grate 14.Like this, the air-flow that the wind entering inlet side 101 produces can only could arrive combustion side 102 through the heap bed of material 1, avoids wind and passes through outside the heap bed of material 1 and flog a dead horse, ensure that the effective supply of the wind through the heap bed of material 1.
In an optional example, burner hearth 10 above fire grate 14 this two opposite sides internal face 103,104 between inlet side 101 and combustion side 102, with the heap two sides 161,162 of the bed of material 1 between inlet side 101 and combustion side 102 can be formed naturally to stack the gradient 16 consistent or be positioned at this and naturally stack inside the gradient 16, thus make to pile the two side walls 103,104 of the bed of material 1 between inlet side 101 with combustion side 102 and connect with inboard wall of burner hearth.
The shape of the side wall surface 103,104 of the two opposite sides inwall of the burner hearth 10 above this fire grate 14 between inlet side 101 and combustion side 102 can be arranged as required, only otherwise exceeding nature stacks outside the gradient 16, the two relative side 161,162 piling the bed of material 1 can be made to connect with burner hearth sidewall face 103,104, and its concrete shape can not limit.Certainly, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, the shape of the two opposite sides internal face 103,104 of the burner hearth above fire grate 14 between inlet side 101 and combustion side 102 is not limited to the shape shown in figure, can also be arranged to other various shape, will not enumerate at this.
In the present invention, if sidewall 6 be arranged to can realize only allowing to the heap bed of material 1 top air feed, its concrete shape and position can not limit.
As shown in Fig. 1 to 10, the sidewall 6 of the inlet side 101 of burner 100 is arranged to, and is formed with the fair flow structure 61 allowing air-flow to pass through, is formed with the reducing-flow structure 62 that barrier air passes through in bottom, inlet side on top, inlet side 101.After air-flow enters burner hearth 10, reducing-flow structure 62 barrier air being positioned at bottom, inlet side 101 moves on, and air-flow can only enter the heap bed of material 1 through the fair flow structure 61 being positioned at top, inlet side 101, thus achieves only to the top air feed of the heap bed of material 1.
In an optional example, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, sidewall 6 entirety in inlet side 101 is reducing-flow structure 62, has interval 63, be formed as fair flow structure 61 by this interval 63 between the top of sidewall 6 and burner hearth roof.After air-flow enters burner hearth 10, the top of the heap bed of material 1 can only be entered by the interval 63 being positioned at top, inlet side 101.As shown in Figure 2, the top of sidewall 6 can be arranged to not contact with burner hearth 10; Or as shown in Figure 1, also can be arranged to have the training wall connected with the sidewall of burner hearth 10 at the top of sidewall 6, the roof of this training wall and burner hearth and sidewall enclose so that the flow-guiding channel that passes through of air-flow.
In another optional example, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, sidewall 6 top, inlet side 101 connects with burner hearth 10 roof, and the middle and upper part of sidewall 6 is for permitting flow structure 61, and the bottom of sidewall 6 is reducing-flow structure 62.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 4, fair flow structure 61 can for being arranged on the opening 64 on sidewall 6 top, inlet side 101, and after air-flow enters burner hearth 10, warp is entered the top of the heap bed of material 1 by opening 64.Certainly, permit flow structure 61 to be also not limited to the mode shown in figure, as long as be arranged to allow air-flow to pass through, its concrete shape can not limit.
In another optional example, as shown in Figure 5, flow structure 61 is permitted to be set to the gap structure 65 passed through at the permission air-flow on sidewall 6 top, inlet side 101, through being entered the top of the heap bed of material 1 by gap structure 65 after air-flow enters burner hearth 10.Gap structure 65 can be arranged to fence structure, lattice structure or network, as long as air-flow can be allowed to pass through, its concrete structure can not limit.
In the present invention, the shape of inlet side sidewall 6 can be arranged as required.As shown in Figure 7, sidewall 6 can be upright side walls, or sidewall 6 also can be arranged to sloped sidewall as shown in Figure 6 or curved wall as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.Certainly, sidewall 6 also can other forms of being familiar with of setup cost those skilled in the art.
In an optional example of sidewall 6, as shown in Fig. 8 to Figure 10, sidewall 6 can be made up of a part of sidewall of burner hearth 10.
In another optional example of sidewall 6, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, sidewall 6 is made up of the side member 66 being arranged at inlet side 101.
In the present invention, accept above fire grate 14 in solid-fuelled windrow region and can be provided with material toggling mechanism 7, by the motion controlling material toggling mechanism 7, the fuel in fired state is dialled loosening, to ensure that fuel can burn more fully.Wherein, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, material toggling mechanism 7 can be made up of rotary type setting gauge 7 ', or material toggling mechanism 7 also can by portable setting gauge 7 " form.
Material toggling mechanism 7 is roughly in the position of the burning zone of fixed carbon, and the controlled motion realizing material toggling.The fuel of the burning zone of fixed carbon can be dialled the gap of fuel loosened to increase in fired state, be conducive to the burning of the burning zone improving fixed carbon, the combustion ash that produced in the fuel afterburnt in burning zone can also be conducive to simultaneously and discharge from the gap after loosening.
In an optional example, as shown in Figure 15 to 23, setting gauge 7 includes material toggling roller 71, material toggling roller 71 is arranged with material toggling wing 72.
As long as material toggling wing 72 is arranged to dial loose fuel, its concrete form can not limit.Concrete, as shown in Figure 13 to Figure 16, material toggling wing 72 can be made up of material toggling rod 721, or as shown in Figure 17 to Figure 21, material toggling wing also can be arranged to be made up of material toggling ring 722.Specifically in the present embodiment, ring-type material toggling wing 722 is U-loop or semicircular ring, or other shape material toggling wing 722 of same principle and effect.Material toggling wing 72 of the present invention produces perturbation action when moving to the fuel under fired state, by its group of pine to increase the gap of fuel room, such as material toggling wing can also be set to material toggling circle as shown in figure 22, or the spiral material toggling bar be set to as shown in figure 23, therefore material toggling wing 72 can be any shape realizing above-mentioned functions, is not limited to the concrete shape shown in figure of the present invention.
In an optional example, as shown in figure 16, material toggling wing 72 along the axial symmetric arrays of material toggling roller 71, as shown in Figure 15, Figure 17 or Figure 18, other arrangement modes that certain material toggling wing 72 also can adopt asymmetric geometry, helical arrangement or those skilled in the art to be familiar with.
In the present invention, as shown in Figure 15 to 23, material toggling roller 71 can drive it to rotate by turning cylinder 73, forms rotary type setting gauge 7 '; Or material toggling roller 71 also can drive it to move by carriage release lever 74, form portable setting gauge 7 ".
In an optional example, as shown in figure 13, the setting substantially vertical with the flow direction of primary air of the pivot center of rotary type setting gauge 7 ', is rotated by control setting gauge 7 and is stirred to combustion side 102 by fuel, to ensure that fuel burns more fully.
In an optional example, fire grate 14 has interval at a lateral edges of combustion chamber 3 and burner hearth 10 inwall, and the pivot center of rotary type setting gauge 7 ' is roughly parallel to this and burner hearth 10 inwall tool spaced fire grate 14 edge.
In one preferably example, as shown in figure 14, two or more material toggling mechanism 7 is provided with above fire grate 14.
In the present invention, lighting-up tuyere 8 can be provided with on the burner hearth of combustion side 102.As long as the position of lighting-up tuyere 8 is set to carry out lighting a fire at the combustion side 102 of the heap bed of material 1, its concrete setting position can not limit.Owing to lighting a fire at the combustion side of the heap bed of material, what ignition flame was positioned at fugitive constituent flows through on path, thus the fugitive constituent piling the fugitive constituent fuel precipitation that first bed of material separates out under the heat effect of ignition flame is passed with the combustion side from the heap bed of material by primary air, and the fugitive constituent after passing very easily is lighted by ignition flame and lighted through ignition flame; And because fugitive constituent burning creates new combustion flame, the more fuel of the heap bed of material is made to be heated precipitation fugitive constituent, fixed carbon fuel after more fugitive constituent participates in the precipitation fugitive constituent of burning this combustion flame contiguous is ignited, and contiguous this is heated precipitation fugitive constituent by the solid fuel of the fixed carbon fuel ignited, circulation like this, the heap bed of material can be lighted very soon, in burner hearth, temperature is raised rapidly, the heap bed of material is lighted fast, shorten the time required for igniting greatly, effectively overcome or improve existing combustion stove and to light a fire slow problem.
In an optional example of lighting-up tuyere 8, as shown in Figure 1, lighting-up tuyere 8 is arranged on the roof of the furnace of combustion side 102.During igniting, send in burner hearth 10 by the lighting-up tuyere 8 of roof of the furnace by kindling material, this kindling material ignites from the combustion side 102 of the heap bed of material 1 and piles the bed of material 1.
In another optional example of lighting-up tuyere 8, as shown in Figure 2, lighting-up tuyere 8 can be arranged on the burner hearth sidewall of combustion side 102.Like this, during igniting, extend into kindling material by the lighting-up tuyere 8 on burner hearth sidewall or throw into the combustion side 102 of the heap bed of material 1, thus light the heap bed of material 1 from combustion side.
In a preferred example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, lighting-up tuyere 8 can be adjacent to the heap bed of material 1 side setting of combustion side 102.Like this, the kindling material putting into combustion side 102 more easily touches the solid fuel of the heap bed of material 1, thus is convenient to the heap bed of material 1 to light.
In the present invention, air inlet 12 can, as shown in Fig. 7, Figure 10, be arranged on the sidewall of burner hearth 10, also as shown in Figures 1 to 6, can be arranged at the top of burner hearth 10.Certainly, be not limited to the mode shown in figure, as long as can from the inlet side 101 of the heap bed of material 1 to piling the bed of material 1 air feed thus forming the substantial transverse primary air through the heap bed of material, its concrete setting position can not limit.
Wind directly can be supplied to the inlet side 101 of the heap bed of material 1 by this air inlet 12, thus to piling the side of the bed of material 1 to the heap bed of material 1 air feed.As shown in figure 11, in an optional example, the air inlet 12 on burner hearth 10 and air intake passage 121 can be formed with between the inlet side 101 of piling the bed of material 1 side air feed, thus by air intake passage 121, wind is supplied to inlet side 101.For this mode of being blown by air intake passage, arranging of this charging aperture 12 is unrestricted.Such as, in a concrete example, shown in Figure 11, this air inlet 12 even can be arranged on the sidewall of the burner hearth 10 below the fire grate of inlet side 101, the choked flow wall 122 stoping air-flow to pass through is provided with between bottom the fire grate 14 and burner hearth 10 of inlet side 101, choked flow wall 122 both sides connect with the inwall of burner hearth 10, thus the space between this choked flow wall 122 and burner hearth 10 inwall is formed as air intake passage 121.Like this, the wind entered from air inlet 12 enters into the side of piling the bed of material 1 via the air intake passage 121 formed between choked flow wall 122 and inboard wall of burner hearth, thus from inlet side 101 to the air feed of the heap bed of material 1.
Experiment proves, adopt combustion method and the burner of above-mentioned side direction combustion system of the present invention, fugitive constituent almost can burn completely, and efficiency of combustion is up to more than 95%, and there is no soot emission, achieve the clean emission of the high solid fuel ignition of volatile content.The present invention takes full advantage of the characteristic of gravity and heat transmission, and achieve the automatic order burning of fuel, structure is simple, and low cost of manufacture, easy to use, solid-fuelled apply high for fugitive constituent provides advantage.
Foregoing description of the present invention is only exemplary attribute, and the various distortion that so there is no depart from main idea of the present invention ought to be within the scope of the present invention.These distortion should not be regarded as departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (29)
1. a solid-fuelled combustion method, it is characterized in that, be provided with charging aperture at roof of the furnace, in burner hearth, corresponding charging aperture is provided with the fire grate accepting the fuel entered from charging aperture, and the solid fuel entered from charging aperture forms the heap bed of material being extended to fire grate by charging aperture at fire grate; Be provided with at the burner hearth of this heap bed of material wherein side the combustion chamber being communicated in offgas outlet, the side of the contiguous combustion chamber of the heap bed of material is formed as combustion side, wherein,
Only from the heap bed of material opposite side top relative with combustion side to heap bed of material air feed, light the heap bed of material, wind is through the heap bed of material, pass from the combustion side of the heap bed of material, formed towards the combustion flame of combustion chamber at the combustion side of the heap bed of material, fuel moves down gradually along with smaller volume, and fresh fuel under gravity automatic makeup is charged on the heap bed of material, separates out fugitive constituent after this fresh fuel is heated; Wind to pass and towards combustion chamber flowing from the combustion side of the heap bed of material with the fugitive constituent of separating out, the focus combustion that the burned flame of fugitive constituent produces, and enter combustion chamber burning, combustion tail gas is discharged from offgas outlet; Meanwhile, the fixed carbon fuel of separating out after fugitive constituent is lighted, and carries out carbon burning, produces new combustion flame, and the ashes that the afterburnt produces are discharged by the fire grate bottom the heap bed of material, and along with the carrying out of burning, fresh fuel is constantly supplemented on the heap bed of material, forms burn cycle.
2. solid-fuelled combustion method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the two relative side of the heap bed of material between inlet side and combustion side connects with inboard wall of burner hearth, thus is isolated in inlet side and combustion side.
3. solid-fuelled combustion method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the side wall surface of this two opposite sides inwall between inlet side and combustion side between the charging aperture of burner hearth and fire grate, with the heap two sides of the bed of material between inlet side and combustion side can be formed naturally to stack the gradient consistent or be positioned at this and naturally stack inside the gradient, thus make to pile the two sides of the bed of material between inlet side with combustion side and connect with inboard wall of burner hearth.
4. a solid-fuelled burner, comprise burner hearth, burner hearth is provided with air inlet and solid fuel charging aperture, it is characterized in that, described charging aperture is located at roof of the furnace, in burner hearth, corresponding described charging aperture is provided with the solid-fuelled fire grate accepted and enter from charging aperture, solid fuel formation extends to the heap bed of material fire grate from charging aperture, the combustion chamber being communicated in offgas outlet is provided with at the burner hearth of this heap bed of material wherein side, the side of the contiguous combustion chamber of the heap bed of material is formed as combustion side, the heap bed of material opposite side relative with this combustion side is formed as inlet side, there is in inlet side the sidewall only allowed to heap bed of material top air feed, thus the primary air that the wind entering burner hearth produces enters the heap bed of material by piling top, bed of material inlet side, combustion chamber is entered from combustion side through after the heap bed of material, finally discharge from offgas outlet.
5. solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the sidewall of described inlet side is arranged to, and is formed with the fair flow structure allowing air-flow to pass through, is formed with the reducing-flow structure that barrier air passes through in bottom, inlet side on top, inlet side.
6. solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, sidewall entirety in described inlet side is reducing-flow structure, has interval between the top of this sidewall and burner hearth roof, is described fair flow structure by this gap-forming.
7. solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described inlet side top side wall connects with burner hearth roof, and its middle and upper part is for permitting flow structure, and bottom is reducing-flow structure.
8. solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described fair flow structure is the opening being arranged on inlet side side wall upper part or the gap structure allowing air-flow to pass through.
9. solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described gap structure is fence structure, lattice structure or network.
10. solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described sidewall is upright side walls, sloped sidewall or curved wall.
11. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described sidewall is made up of a part of sidewall of described burner hearth.
12. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described sidewall is made up of the side member being arranged at inlet side.
13. solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, accept above fire grate in solid-fuelled windrow region and be provided with material toggling mechanism, control material toggling mechanism kinematic and the fuel in fired state is dialled loosening.
14. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, described material toggling mechanism is made up of rotary type setting gauge or is made up of portable setting gauge.
15. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, described setting gauge includes material toggling roller, and described material toggling roller is arranged with material toggling wing.
16. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, described material toggling wing is made up of material toggling rod or material toggling ring.
17. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 16, is characterized in that, described material toggling wing is along material toggling roll shaft to symmetric arrays or asymmetric geometry or helical arrangement.
18. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, described material toggling roller drives it to rotate by turning cylinder, form rotary type setting gauge; Or described material toggling roller drives it to move by carriage release lever, forms portable setting gauge.
19. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, the pivot center setting substantially vertical with the flow direction of primary air of described rotary type setting gauge, control setting gauge rotation and are stirred to combustion side by fuel.
20. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, described fire grate has interval at a lateral edges of combustion chamber and inboard wall of burner hearth, and the pivot center of described rotary type setting gauge is roughly parallel to this grate edge spaced with inboard wall of burner hearth tool.
21. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, are provided with two or more material toggling mechanism above described fire grate.
22. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the burner hearth of combustion side is provided with lighting-up tuyere.
23. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that, described lighting-up tuyere is arranged on the roof of the furnace of combustion side; Or described lighting-up tuyere is arranged on the burner hearth sidewall of combustion side.
24. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 22, is characterized in that, the heap bed of material side that described lighting-up tuyere is adjacent to combustion side is arranged.
25. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described air inlet is arranged on the roof of the furnace of inlet side.
26. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described air inlet is arranged on the burner hearth sidewall of inlet side.
27. solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the air inlet on described burner hearth and be formed with air intake passage between burner hearth inlet side, thus by air intake passage, wind is supplied to inlet side.
28. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the two relative side of the described heap bed of material between inlet side and combustion side connects with inboard wall of burner hearth, thus is isolated in inlet side and combustion side.
29. solid-fuelled burners as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that, the two opposite sides internal face of burner hearth above described fire grate between inlet side and combustion side, with the heap two sides of the bed of material between inlet side and combustion side can be formed naturally to stack the gradient consistent or be positioned at this and naturally stack inside the gradient, thus make to pile the two side walls of the bed of material between inlet side with combustion side and connect with inboard wall of burner hearth.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410220319.5A CN105090935A (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2014-05-23 | Solid fuel combustion method and combustion device |
| PCT/CN2015/078865 WO2015176620A1 (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2015-05-13 | Solid fuel combustion method and combustion device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410220319.5A CN105090935A (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2014-05-23 | Solid fuel combustion method and combustion device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105090935A true CN105090935A (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410220319.5A Pending CN105090935A (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2014-05-23 | Solid fuel combustion method and combustion device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105090935A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015176620A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2019148462A1 (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-08 | 北京能祺热能技术有限公司 | Air distributing pipe frame, air distributing pipe frame system and segmented burning furnace |
| CN110486720A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-22 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of uniform poking device of rice husk |
| WO2022151499A1 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-21 | 车战斌 | Material distribution structure for solid fuel combustion furnace and combustion furnace |
| WO2022151498A1 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-21 | 车战斌 | Combustion organization method for solid fuel, and combustion furnace |
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| CN114315101B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-09-26 | 烟台新中萃玻璃包装有限公司 | Glass bottle preparation equipment and high-strength glass bottle |
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| WO2022151498A1 (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-21 | 车战斌 | Combustion organization method for solid fuel, and combustion furnace |
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| WO2015176620A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
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