CN104819456A - Burning method and burning device of solid fuel - Google Patents
Burning method and burning device of solid fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104819456A CN104819456A CN201410048472.4A CN201410048472A CN104819456A CN 104819456 A CN104819456 A CN 104819456A CN 201410048472 A CN201410048472 A CN 201410048472A CN 104819456 A CN104819456 A CN 104819456A
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Abstract
The invention provides a burning method and a burning device of a solid fuel. The burning method is to define a stacking area in a hearth; a burning cavity is formed in one side of the stacking area; in burning, the solid fuel enters the stacking area from the top of the stacking area; wind enters from the other side of the stacking area opposite to the burning cavity; the lower layer of the fuel is burnt to generate burning flame; the upper layer of the fuel is heated to separate out a volatile matter; the wind transversely penetrates through the upper layer of the fuel, and carries the separated volatile matter to flow towards the burning cavity; and thermal ignition generated by the volatile matter burning flame is burnt in the burning cavity. The burning method not only can enable the volatile matter to be fully burnt, but also can realize natural matching between the automatic ordered feeding and the burning speed, solves the ash melting problem, and guarantees the stable lasting burning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solid fuel ignition field, specifically, have about a kind of solid fuel ignition method and burner.
Background technology
From fuel grade angle, solid fuel, because of aboundresources, use safety, is modern humans's the most widely used a kind of incendiary material, particularly coal.In addition, along with the increase of demand of mineral solids fuel, the minimizing of resource that take coal as representative, and the expansion of global new forms of energy motion, reproducible biomass combustion material, as straw, straw, timber, wood chip, deadwood etc. obtain the great attention of people.
The direct ignition combustion of major way of current use biomass combustion material, this mode efficiency of combustion is very low, and produces a large amount of black smokes, causes environmental pollution.
All the time, a lot of people attempts to adopt existing coal stove to carry out firing biomass fuel.Because the combustion characteristics of the higher mineral matter incendiary material of biomass combustion material and fixed carbon content has larger difference, existing combustion stove can not adapt to the solid-fuelled burning be made up of reproducible biological material, cause efficiency of combustion low, there is the problems such as exhaust emission, thus constrain the application of biomass combustion material.In addition, a large amount of coal used is all the high-rank coal that fixed carbon comparision contents is high, such as anthracite, bituminous coal etc. now, some grizzles, such as brown coal, mud coal etc., utilize existing burner, there is efficiency of combustion too low, the problems such as over-emitting black exhaust, be not therefore also used widely at present.
The present inventor finds after carefully studying, biomass combustion material and grizzle (such as brown coal, mud coal etc.) are compared with high-rank coal, main difference is, the fixed carbon content of high-rank coal is very high (generally more than 90%), therefore the mainly fixed carbon combustion system when burning; And the fixed carbon comparision contents of biomass combustion material and grizzle is low, and volatile content higher (probably at 50%-70%).The solid fuel that this volatile content is high, main exist two features: 1) fugitive constituent Precipitation Temperature is lower than fugitive constituent burning-point; 2) burning-point of fugitive constituent is higher than ash fusion point.
Current combustion furnace is generally divided into forward combustion stove and trans combustion furnace two kinds, because biomass fuel and grizzle exist These characteristics, adopts these two kinds of combustion furnaces all cannot realize lasting efficient burning.
When adopting the burning of existing forward combustion stove, there are the following problems:
1) efficiency of combustion is low.When burning, because the Precipitation Temperature of fugitive constituent is lower than the burning-point of fugitive constituent, first fugitive constituent is separated out and is discharged in air in the mode of black smoke, remaining fixed carbon part is burnt again, so only make use of the heat that fixed carbon burning wherein produces, not only efficiency of combustion is lower, and there is exhaust emission.
2) can not sustained combustion.Existing burner is generally by fire grate air intake, the solid fuel on fire grate is made to carry out high-temp combustion, because ash fusion point is lower than the burning-point of fugitive constituent and fixed carbon, under the hot environment of fixed carbon burning on fire grate, ashes after burning are in thick molten condition, can stick with paste on fire grate, normally cannot be discharged by fire grate or other ash exhauster (such as gray moving rod), the ashes making this thick are blended in the fuel burnt, and greatly have impact on the efficiency of combustion of fuel.Further, these thick ashes are bonded on fire grate, plug the air intake passage on fire grate, fire grate can be stuck with paste dead, combustion furnace cannot be worked on after a period of time.
The feature of trans combustion furnace is, crater is lower than fire grate, and the flame that burning is produced arrives crater again back through after fire grate.This combustion system is compared with forward combustion, and the fugitive constituent of precipitation can when passing through fire grate by flame ignition, and efficiency of combustion is improved.But be positioned at fire grate position due to thermal-flame, this also makes the temperature of fire grate position very high, in high temperature environments, ashes after burning are in thick molten condition, can stick with paste on fire grate, plug the gas channel of fire grate, fire grate will soon be stuck with paste dead, combustion furnace cannot be worked on.
The patent No. be 01220213695.8 Chinese utility model patent propose one and can be used for the clean-burning hot-blast stove 900 of various solid combustible clean-burning multiple spot air distribution burned.As shown in Figure 2, this hot-blast stove comprises body of heater, is respectively equipped with upper combustion chamber 92 and lower combustion chamber 93 in body of heater, and the bottom of upper combustion chamber 92 and lower combustion chamber 93 is respectively equipped with upper furnace grate 94 and lower fire grate 95, the below of lower fire grate 95 is dedusting chamber 96, and the body of heater of lower combustion chamber 93 is provided with outlet flue 98.Top is provided with and inboard wall of furnace body is integrated in upper combustion chamber 92, bottom undergauge is the funnel-form combustion bin 910 of cylinder, the lower port of funnel-form Bunker 910 is positioned on upper furnace grate 94, the center of funnel-form Bunker 910 is longitudinally provided with the cylindric fireworks channel 911 of lower ending opening, annular upper air duct 912 is formed between the outer wall of funnel-form Bunker 910 bottom and the inwall of body of heater 91, the outer wall of funnel-form Bunker 910 bottom cylinder evenly offers multiple fresh air inlet 913, the outer wall of body of heater 91 offers two air inlets be connected with annular passage 914, air inlet 914 place is connected with air duct 915.
This hot-blast stove examination way is combined by burned solves forward combustion and trans burning Problems existing, but this hot-blast stove 900 is in use, has following defect and cannot continue to use:
1) owing to being separated by upper furnace grate 94 between upper combustion chamber 92 and lower combustion chamber 93, in combustion, in upper combustion chamber 92, unburnt fuel requirement drops into lower combustion chamber 93 and burns away, if the burning velocity falling into unburnt fuel in lower combustion chamber 93 can not match by the speed of upper furnace grate 94 to lower combustion chamber 93 blanking, in lower combustion chamber 93, the unburnt fuel of heap gets more and more, after a period of time, outlet flue 98 in lower combustion chamber 93 can be blocked, not only cannot burn away, and the combustion gas in combustion chamber can be emerged from air inlet, security incident may be caused.But there is difference due to the burning velocity of different fuel, in actual use, be difficult to ensure that the burning velocity of upper lower combustion chamber is mated completely, when this hot-blast stove is used, there is hidden danger.
2) fuel burns in upper combustion chamber 92, flame needs to enter into lower combustion chamber through upper furnace grate, thus make the temperature of upper furnace grate position still very high, upper furnace grate still exists molten grey problem, and after burning a period of time, the fuel on upper furnace grate is bonded together by the ashes of upper furnace grate melting, cannot by upper furnace grate to lower combustion chamber's blanking, fuel can only burn in upper combustion chamber, and on upper furnace grate, upper furnace grate is finally stuck with paste by ashes completely, thus causes hot-blast stove cannot continuous firing.
3) as shown in Figure 2, this hot-blast stove is for improving efficiency of combustion, from a large amount of air distribution of lower fire grate 95 leeward bottom lower combustion chamber 93, cause the temperature of lower fire grate 95 position too high, and the ash fusion point of some solid biomass fuels (as stalk) is lower, thus this hot-blast stove is produced when burning solid biomass fuel melt grey phenomenon, the ash that making burns produces is in the molten condition of thickness, and bonds on lower fire grate 95.Like this after this hot-blast stove work a period of time, the gap of lower fire grate 95 is melted ash and is pasted over, cannot effectively ash discharge, thus causes this hot-blast stove cannot continuous firing.
Therefore, be necessary the solid fuel combustion furnace that the solid fuel (such as biomass fuel) providing a kind of applicable volatile content high burns, overcome the above-mentioned defect that existing combustion furnace exists, realize solid-fuelled orderly controlled burning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of solid fuel ignition method and burner are provided, not only can make the fugitive constituent Thorough combustion in solid fuel, and solve molten grey problem, and in combustion, realize the Natural matching of burning velocity, automatic order charging can be carried out along with what burn, ensure that the sustained combustion of fuel.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of solid-fuelled combustion method, solid fuel stockpiling area is provided with in burner hearth, the combustion chamber being communicated in offgas outlet is had at a sidewall peripheral hardware of stockpiling area, wherein, when burning, solid fuel enters in stockpiling area from stockpiling area top, the heap bed of material is formed in stockpiling area, light a fire at this stockpiling area, from the stockpiling area opposite side air intake relative with combustion chamber, wind is horizontally through the heap bed of material, the combustion flame that lower-layer fuel burning produces passes from the sidewall of contiguous combustion chamber and burns towards combustion chamber, upper strata fuel is heated precipitation fugitive constituent, wind to pass from the sidewall of contiguous combustion chamber with the fugitive constituent of separating out and flows towards combustion chamber, fugitive constituent is lighted by the combustion flame burnt towards combustion chamber, enter combustion chamber burning, combustion tail gas is discharged from offgas outlet, the fixed carbon ignited fuel after fugitive constituent is separated out in adjacent upper strata by the combustion flame of lower-layer fuel simultaneously, carry out carbon burning, fuel moves down gradually along with smaller volume, the ashes that afterburnt produces are discharged by fire grate bottom stockpiling area, fresh fuel under gravity automatic makeup is charged to stockpiling area upper strata, forms burn cycle.
Present invention also offers a kind of solid-fuelled burner, this burner comprises burner hearth, solid fuel stockpiling area is surrounded by burner hearth, the top of this solid fuel stockpiling area has charging aperture, the bottom of this stockpiling area is made up of fire grate, burner hearth is provided with the air inlet to stockpiling area one side air feed, at least this stockpiling area opposite side sidewall relative to inlet side has the pore structure passed for flame and fugitive constituent, this side-wall outer side with pore structure is provided with conducting in the combustion chamber of offgas outlet, thus the air-flow that produces of the wind entered from air inlet is substantial transverse from the inlet side of stockpiling area finally discharges from offgas outlet from entering combustion chamber after the sidewall with pore structure passes through stockpiling area.
Adopt above-mentioned combustion method of the present invention and burner, due in combustion, separate out fugitive constituent at fuel and be fixed carbon burning all at stockpiling area, along with the carrying out of burning, smaller volume after upper strata fuel precipitation fugitive constituent, automatically move down under gravity, and lighted by lower floor's combustion flame gradually, fresh fuel is added into stockpiling area upper strata from charging aperture automatically, the fixed carbon burning of lower-layer fuel is separated out for upper strata fuel fugitive constituent again and is provided required heat, the supplementary speed of fresh fuel depends on the burning velocity of lower-layer fuel, thus naturally achieve upper strata fugitive constituent and separate out and the mating of fixed carbon fuel combustion speed, efficiently solve the security hidden trouble that existing hot-blast stove exists because burning velocity is not mated.
Simultaneously, in combustion, the fuel fugitive constituent of being separated out by the heating of lower floor fixed carbon fuel in upper strata flows towards combustion chamber along with air-flow, and lower floor's fixed carbon fuel combustion generation flame also burns towards combustion chamber under air-flow drives, at fugitive constituent through combustion flame, the high temperature that burned flame produces is lighted, thus achieves the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent.And, because burner of the present invention can utilize the charging of gravity automatic order along with the carrying out of burning, combustion furnace can be made to be in unattended running status, not only save manpower, and be in dynamic steady state owing to piling the bed of material, under making the burning of the fixed carbon in combustion chamber and fugitive constituent precipitation be in the fired state of continous-stable, effectively ensure that the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent always, improve efficiency of combustion, achieve the orderly controlled burning of combustion furnace.
In addition, because the present invention arranges combustion chamber at the opposite side of stockpiling area from the side air intake of stockpiling area, thus the substantial transverse heap bed of material that passes of air-flow is passed from opposite side, the thermal-flame of lower floor's fixed carbon burning passes from the pore structure of stockpiling area sidewall, thermal-flame district is formed in the side of stockpiling area, light required hot environment for fugitive constituent provides, and stockpiling area almost there is no air-flow to pass through in fire grate position, bottom, there is not high temperature grate in fire grate position, bottom.And, along with the carrying out of burning, the fixed carbon fuel of smaller volume progressively moves down, burning time, longer fixed carbon fuel was positioned at more downward position, make the more downward temperature of fixed carbon burning zone of bottom, combustion chamber lower, the ashes produced that burn also move down in process at fixed carbon fuel, are discharged in the grey room of bottom under gravity by bottom fire grate, efficiently solve the molten grey problem that existing combustion furnace exists, ensure that the continued stable combustion of combustion furnace.
In an optional example of the present invention, described in there is pore structure sidewall can overall be made up of pore structure.In another optional example, the sidewall local with pore structure is made up of pore structure.
In an optional example of the present invention, described pore structure can be grate structure, or fence structure, or lattice structure, or AND DEWATERING FOR ORIFICE STRUCTURE etc.
In an optional example of the present invention, the bottom fire grate of described stockpiling area and the sidewall with pore structure can be made up of L shape fire grate laterally extending again after extending a section from top to bottom from roof of the furnace or arc fire grate.
In another optional example of the present invention, the bottom fire grate of described stockpiling area can be formed by connecting to fire grate by a horizontal fire grate and side with the sidewall with pore structure.
In an optional example of stockpiling area of the present invention, described charging aperture projected area is in the horizontal plane less than fire grate stockpiling area territory, bottom projected area in the horizontal plane, thus forms the up-small and down-big heap bed of material at solid fuel at stockpiling area.
In an optional example of the present invention, the charging aperture of stockpiling area can be adjacent to the sidewall with pore structure and arrange.
In an optional example of the present invention, stockpiling area can be arranged to up-small and down-big shape.
In an optional example of the present invention, the shape of described stockpiling area can be arranged to, and after solid fuel enters stockpiling area, is at least formed with nature in the inlet side of stockpiling area and stacks the gradient.
In an optional example of the present invention, the height of described air inlet can higher than the upper surface naturally stacking the gradient.
In an optional example of the present invention, described in there is pore structure sidewall can be arranged to the shape that tilts towards combustion chamber direction from top to bottom.In this optional example, the sidewall with pore structure can be from top to bottom towards inclined wall or the arcwall of the inclination of combustion chamber direction.
In an optional example of the present invention, bottom described stockpiling area, fire grate can connect with inboard wall of burner hearth with the sidewall edge with pore structure, thus jointly surrounds described stockpiling area by bottom fire grate, the sidewall with pore structure and inboard wall of burner hearth.
In an optional example of the present invention, hopper can be set in burner hearth, form described stockpiling area by this hopper.Described hopper can be squirrel-cage hopper.
In an optional example, described combustion chamber can have two or more.
Experiment proves, adopt above-mentioned combustion furnace of the present invention, fugitive constituent almost can be completely burned, and the efficiency of combustion of combustion furnace reaches more than 95%, and does not have soot emission, achieves the clean emission of the high solid fuel ignition of volatile content.Combustion furnace of the present invention takes full advantage of the characteristic of gravity and heat transmission, not only can meet the requirement of fuel principle, achieve the automatic order burning of fuel, and structure is simple, low cost of manufacture, easy to use, thus be that solid-fuelled the applying that fugitive constituent is high provides advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing burned hot-blast stove;
Fig. 2 is the fired state schematic diagram of burner of the present invention;
The structural representation that Fig. 3 is that the stockpiling area of burner of the present invention is sidewall, bottom fire grate and inboard wall of burner hearth surround jointly;
Fig. 4 is the A-A sectional structure schematic diagram of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is that the sidewall B with pore structure of Fig. 3 is to structural representation;
Fig. 6 is the another kind of structural representation of sidewall with pore structure;
Fig. 7 is another structural representation of the sidewall with pore structure;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation that stockpiling area sidewall of the present invention and bottom are made up of L shape fire grate;
Fig. 9 is the burner structural representation that the sidewall with pore structure tilts towards combustion chamber direction from top to bottom;
Figure 10 is the structural representation that stockpiling area of the present invention is made up of hopper;
Figure 11 is that stockpiling area of the present invention forms plan structure schematic diagram by hopper;
Figure 12 is stockpiling area of the present invention is cylindric burner plan structure schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is the structural representation that burner of the present invention has two combustion chambers;
Figure 14 is the structural representation that the combustion chamber of burner of the present invention has two craters;
Figure 15 is the burner schematic diagram in combustion chamber of the present invention with jacket structure for water.
Figure number illustrates:
Burner 100; Heat-exchanger rig 200; Tail gas outlet 201;
Burner hearth 10;
Stockpiling area 1; Charging aperture 11; Air inlet 12; The sidewall 13 of pore structure; Pore structure 131; Bottom fire grate 14; Feed hopper 15; Naturally the gradient 16 is stacked;
Combustion chamber 3; Crater 31;
Ash room 4;
Solid fuel 5; Fugitive constituent 51; Separate out the fixed carbon fuel 52 after fugitive constituent; Ashes 53.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of solid-fuelled combustion method, as shown in Figure 2, in burner hearth 10, be provided with solid fuel stockpiling area 1, outside a sidewall 13 of stockpiling area 1, be provided with the combustion chamber 3 being communicated in offgas outlet 201.When burning, solid fuel 5 enters in stockpiling area 1 from the charging aperture 11 at stockpiling area 1 top, the heap bed of material is formed in stockpiling area 1, light a fire in this stockpiling area 1, from the stockpiling area 1 opposite side air intake relative with combustion chamber 3, wind is mainly horizontally through the heap bed of material, the combustion flame that lower-layer fuel burning produces passes from the sidewall 13 of contiguous combustion chamber 3 and burns towards combustion chamber 3, upper strata fuel is heated separates out fugitive constituent 51, wind to pass from the sidewall 13 of contiguous combustion chamber 3 with the fugitive constituent 51 of separating out and flows towards combustion chamber 3, fugitive constituent 51 is lighted by the combustion flame burnt towards combustion chamber 3, enter combustion chamber 3 to burn, combustion tail gas is discharged from offgas outlet 201, fixed carbon fuel 52 after fugitive constituent is separated out in adjacent upper strata by the combustion flame of lower-layer fuel is simultaneously lighted, carry out carbon burning, fuel moves down gradually along with smaller volume, the ashes 53 that afterburnt produces are discharged by fire grate 14 bottom stockpiling area 1, fresh fuel under gravity automatic makeup is charged to stockpiling area 1 upper strata, forms burn cycle.
As shown in Fig. 2 to Figure 15, present invention also offers a kind of solid-fuelled burner 100 adopting above-mentioned combustion method, this burner 100 comprises burner hearth 10, solid fuel stockpiling area 1 is surrounded by burner hearth 10, the top of this solid fuel stockpiling area 1 has charging aperture 11, the bottom of this stockpiling area 1 is made up of fire grate 14, burner hearth 10 is provided with the air inlet 12 to stockpiling area 1 one side air feed, at least the opposite side sidewall 13 relative to inlet side of this stockpiling area 1 has the pore structure 131 passed for flame and fugitive constituent, this has outside pore structure 131 sidewall 13 and is provided with conducting in the combustion chamber 3 of offgas outlet 201, in combustion, as shown by the arrows in figure 2, from the inlet side of stockpiling area 1, substantial transverse passing from the pore structure 131 of sidewall 13 through stockpiling area 1 enters combustion chamber 3 and finally discharges from offgas outlet 201 primary air that the wind entered from air inlet 12 produces.
The primary air that the wind that the present invention enters from air inlet 12 produces refers to the main air-flow that wind produces, from the inlet side of stockpiling area 1, the substantial transverse stockpiling area 1 that passes passes from the pore structure 131 of sidewall 13, the wind entered from air inlet 12 in combustion mainly produces the air-flow being horizontally through stockpiling area 1, bottom stockpiling area 1, fire grate 14 position does not almost have air-flow to pass or may have faint air-flow for some optional examples (example such as shown in Figure 10) to pass from bottom fire grate 14, as long as this faint air-flow does not affect main stream direction, would not have an impact to the effect of burner of the present invention, as long as namely burner of the present invention can to ensure in combustion process that main stream direction enters from stockpiling area 1 inlet side and pass from opposite side substantial transversely to form side direction combustion system through the heap bed of material 1 and namely belong to scope of the present invention.
Adopt above-mentioned combustion method of the present invention and burner 100, due in combustion, fuel is separated out fugitive constituent 51 and is fixed carbon burning all at stockpiling area 1, along with the carrying out of burning, the rear smaller volume of fugitive constituent 51 separated out by upper strata fuel, automatically move down under gravity, and lighted by lower floor's combustion flame gradually, fresh fuel is added into stockpiling area 1 upper strata from charging aperture 11 automatically, the fixed carbon burning of lower-layer fuel is separated out for upper strata fuel fugitive constituent again and is provided required heat, the supplementary speed of fresh fuel depends on the burning velocity of lower-layer fuel, thus naturally achieve upper strata fugitive constituent and separate out and the mating of fixed carbon fuel 52 burning velocity, efficiently solve the security hidden trouble that existing hot-blast stove exists because burning velocity is not mated.
Simultaneously, as shown in Figure 2, in combustion, upper strata fuel is heated precipitation fugitive constituent 51 by lower floor's fixed carbon fuel 52 flows towards combustion chamber 3 along with air-flow, and lower floor's fixed carbon fuel 52 burning generation flame also burns towards combustion chamber 3 under air-flow drives, at fugitive constituent 51 through combustion flame, the high temperature that burned flame produces is lighted, thus achieves the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent.And, because burner of the present invention can utilize the charging of gravity automatic order along with the carrying out of burning, burner can be made to be in unattended running status, not only save manpower, and be in dynamic steady state owing to piling the bed of material, under making the burning of the fixed carbon in combustion chamber and fugitive constituent precipitation be in the fired state of continous-stable, effectively ensure that the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent always, improve efficiency of combustion, achieve the orderly controlled burning of burner.
In addition, because the present invention arranges combustion chamber 3 at the opposite side of stockpiling area 1 from the side air intake of stockpiling area 1, thus the substantial transverse heap bed of material that passes of primary air is passed from opposite side, the thermal-flame of lower floor's fixed carbon burning passes from the pore structure 131 of stockpiling area 1 sidewall 13, thermal-flame district is formed in the side of stockpiling area 1, light required hot environment for fugitive constituent provides, thus form side direction combustion system., because combustion flame mainly concentrates on the side of stockpiling area 1, there is not high temperature grate in bottom fire grate 14 position in this combustion system; And along with the carrying out of burning, the fixed carbon fuel of smaller volume progressively moves down, burning time, longer fixed carbon fuel was positioned at more downward position, make the more downward temperature of fixed carbon burning zone of stockpiling area 1 bottom lower, the ashes 53 produced that burn also move down in process at fixed carbon fuel 52, be discharged in the grey room 4 of bottom by bottom fire grate 14 under gravity, thus effectively prevent and melt ash in fire grate position and the problem such as paste fire grate caused, ensure that the continued stable combustion of burner.
As shown in Figure 2, charging aperture 11 can be provided with feed hopper 15, be beneficial to stockpiling area 1 charging.
In optional example of the present invention, the pore structure 131 of sidewall 13 can be grate structure, or fence structure, or lattice structure, or AND DEWATERING FOR ORIFICE STRUCTURE etc., flame and fugitive constituent can be made to pass through as long as have hole, its concrete structure can not limit.
As shown in Figure 6, in an optional example, the sidewall 13 with pore structure 131 can overall be made up of pore structure.In another optional example, as shown in Figure 5, Figure 7, the sidewall 13 with pore structure 131 also can be made up of pore structure local.As shown in figure 15, this has pore structure 131 and also can be formed by the parts without pore structure and the component combination with pore structure.
As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 8, in an optional example, the bottom fire grate of described stockpiling area 1 14 and have pore structure 131 sidewall 13 can laterally extending arc fire grate or L shape fire grate be formed again after extending one section from top to bottom from burner hearth 10 top.As shown in Figure 9, in an optional example, the bottom fire grate 14 of stockpiling area 1 also can be formed by connecting to fire grate by a horizontal fire grate and side with the sidewall 13 with pore structure 131.
In the present invention, stockpiling area 1 can adopt various ways to surround, as long as the heap bed of material can be formed in burner hearth 10, the fuel entered from its top feed mouth 11 in combustion can be added into this stockpiling area 1 by gravity along with the carrying out of burning automatically, and the mode that specifically surrounds and the structure of this stockpiling area 1 can not limit.
As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Figure 13, Figure 14, in an optional example of stockpiling area 1 of the present invention, the bottom fire grate 14 of stockpiling area 1 can connect with burner hearth 10 inwall with sidewall 13 edge with pore structure, as shown in Figure 4, in this example embodiment, stockpiling area 1 is positioned at the side of burner hearth 10.Thus jointly surround described stockpiling area 1 by the sidewall 13 of bottom fire grate 14, pore structure and burner hearth 10 inwall.Also can as shown in figure 13, by the upper portion side wall of burner hearth 10, burner hearth 10 top inner wall with have together with the sidewall 13 of pore structure, bottom fire grate 14 and surround stockpiling area 1.As shown in figure 14, this stockpiling area 1 also can be positioned at one jiao of burner hearth 10, surrounds stockpiling area 1 by sidewall 13, the bottom fire grate 14 with pore structure together with the inside, bight of burner hearth 10.
As shown in Figure 10, Figure 11, in an optional example of stockpiling area 1 of the present invention, hopper can be set in burner hearth 10, form described stockpiling area 1 by this hopper.This this hopper formula stockpiling area 1 at least has pore structure in inlet side and the side being adjacent to combustion chamber 3, forms side direction combustion system to form the air-flow being horizontally through the heap bed of material.In an optional object lesson, described hopper can be squirrel-cage hopper, the whole sidewall of this hopper is all made up of pore structure, thus enough formed from the wind energy that air inlet 12 enters and substantial transversely to pass through the side of stockpiling area 1 from contiguous combustion chamber 3, form side direction combustion system in combustion.
In the present invention, the cross sectional shape of burner hearth 10 can be arranged to various required shape as required, such as, shown in Fig. 4 square, the ellipse shown in Figure 12, the circle shown in Figure 13, the triangle etc. shown in Figure 14.Certainly, the shape of burner hearth 10, is not limited to the shape shown in figure, as long as can form required stockpiling area 1, its concrete shape does not also limit.
In an optional example of stockpiling area 1 of the present invention, charging aperture 11 projected area in the horizontal plane can be less than fire grate 14 windrow region, bottom projected area in the horizontal plane.After solid fuel 5 enters into stockpiling area 1, as shown in Figure 2, the up-small and down-big heap bed of material can be formed in stockpiling area 1.This Stock mode, the air-flow of top fuel bed can be made to be less than the thickness of lower floor's heap bed of material through thickness, in combustion, lower floor's fixed carbon fuel has larger area, be conducive to the Thorough combustion of fixed carbon fuel, and the thickness of upper strata fuel bed is less, combustion chamber fugitive constituent 51 being taken to stockpiling area 1 side that passes rapidly through being conducive to air-flow burns.
In the present invention, the charging aperture 12 at stockpiling area 1 top can be arranged as required, as long as can pass through this charging aperture 12 in combustion to stockpiling area 1 feed supplement, its concrete shape can structure can not limit.In an optional object lesson of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, the charging aperture 12 of stockpiling area 1 can be adjacent to the sidewall 13 with pore structure and arrange, such solid fuel 5 is after entering into stockpiling area 1, as shown in Figure 2, can be formed in inlet side and stack the gradient, thus at cold burden district air intake, be conducive to the Thorough combustion of fuel.
As shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, stockpiling area 1 can be arranged to up-small and down-big shape, thus can form the up-small and down-big heap bed of material after solid fuel 5 enters into stockpiling area 1, is conducive to the Thorough combustion of fixed carbon fuel and fugitive constituent.
In an optional example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the shape of stockpiling area 1 can be arranged to, and after solid fuel 5 enters stockpiling area 1, is at least formed with nature in the inlet side of stockpiling area 1 and stacks the gradient 16, to be conducive to the Thorough combustion of fuel.In an optional example, the height of air inlet 12 can higher than the upper surface naturally stacking the gradient 16, thus the heap bed of material can be horizontally through through naturally stacking the gradient 16 to the wind that air inlet 12 enters, the combustion chamber 3 being conducive to being taken the fresh fuel filling into stockpiling area 1 to opposite side by the fugitive constituent heating rear generation under the effect of fixed carbon combustion flame by ignition combustion.
In the present invention, air inlet 12 can be arranged on the sidewall of burner hearth 10 as shown in Figure 2, also as shown in figure 14, can be arranged at the top of burner hearth 10, as long as can to the side air feed of stockpiling area 1 and formed substantial transverse through heap the bed of material primary air, its concrete setting position can not limit.
In the present invention, the sidewall 13 with pore structure can be arranged to various shape as required, and such as Fig. 8 is shown, Fig. 3 is shown, the shape shown in Figure 15, Fig. 2, Fig. 9.As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 9, in an optional example of the present invention, this sidewall 13 with pore structure can be arranged to the shape tilted towards combustion chamber 3 direction from top to bottom, the fugitive constituent air-flow relatively combustion flame that this kind of structure can make side direction pass, is conducive to the Thorough combustion of fugitive constituent.In this optional example, the sidewall 13 with pore structure can be from top to bottom towards inclined wall (as shown in Figure 9) or the arcwall (as shown in Figure 2) of the inclination of combustion chamber 3 direction.
In the present invention, on combustion chamber 3 or combustion chamber 3 can be provided with heat-exchanger rig 200, with utilize combustion chamber 3 burn produce heat.This heat-exchanger rig 200 can be the heat exchanger, a heatable brick bed, cooker, water jacket etc. of heating.In combustion chamber 3, be provided with water jacket 210 as Figure 15 shows, there is an example of cooking crater 31 simultaneously; Figure 14 shows the example that combustion chamber 3 has multiple crater 31.The plurality of crater 31 all for cooking, also partly for heating, partly can be used for cooking.
In the present invention, as shown in figure 13, as required, combustion chamber 3 can be provided with two or more, to be applicable to various actual heat exchange demand.
Experiment proves, adopt combustion method and the burner of above-mentioned side direction combustion system of the present invention, fugitive constituent almost can burn completely, and efficiency of combustion is up to more than 95%, and there is no soot emission, achieve the clean emission of the high solid fuel ignition of volatile content.The present invention takes full advantage of the characteristic of gravity and heat transmission, and achieve the automatic order burning of fuel, structure is simple, and low cost of manufacture, easy to use, solid-fuelled apply high for fugitive constituent provides advantage.
Foregoing description of the present invention is only exemplary attribute, and the various distortion that so there is no depart from main idea of the present invention ought to be within the scope of the present invention.These distortion should not be regarded as departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. a solid-fuelled combustion method, is characterized in that, is provided with solid fuel stockpiling area in burner hearth, has at a sidewall peripheral hardware of stockpiling area the combustion chamber being communicated in offgas outlet, wherein,
Solid fuel is made to enter in stockpiling area from stockpiling area top, the heap bed of material is formed in stockpiling area, light a fire at this stockpiling area, from the stockpiling area opposite side air intake relative with combustion chamber, wind is horizontally through the heap bed of material, the combustion flame that lower-layer fuel burning produces passes from the sidewall of contiguous combustion chamber and burns towards combustion chamber, upper strata fuel is heated precipitation fugitive constituent, wind to pass from the sidewall of contiguous combustion chamber with the fugitive constituent of separating out and flows towards combustion chamber, fugitive constituent is lighted by the combustion flame burnt towards combustion chamber, enter combustion chamber burning, combustion tail gas is discharged from offgas outlet, the fixed carbon ignited fuel after fugitive constituent is separated out in adjacent upper strata by the combustion flame of lower-layer fuel simultaneously, carry out carbon burning, fuel moves down gradually along with smaller volume, the ashes that afterburnt produces are discharged by fire grate bottom stockpiling area, fresh fuel under gravity automatic makeup is charged to stockpiling area upper strata, forms burn cycle.
2. a solid-fuelled burner, it is characterized in that, comprise burner hearth, solid fuel stockpiling area is surrounded by burner hearth, the top of this solid fuel stockpiling area has charging aperture, the bottom of this stockpiling area is made up of fire grate, burner hearth is provided with the air inlet to stockpiling area one side air feed, at least the opposite side sidewall relative to inlet side of this stockpiling area has the pore structure passed for flame and fugitive constituent, this side-wall outer side with pore structure is provided with conducting in the combustion chamber of offgas outlet, thus the primary air produced from the wind that air inlet enters is substantial transverse from the inlet side of stockpiling area enters combustion chamber through stockpiling area after the sidewall with pore structure passes, finally discharge from offgas outlet.
3. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the stockpiling area sidewall entirety of described corresponding combustion chamber is made up of pore structure.
4. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the stockpiling area sidewall local of described corresponding combustion chamber is made up of pore structure.
5. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described pore structure is grate structure, or fence structure, or lattice structure, or AND DEWATERING FOR ORIFICE STRUCTURE.
6. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the bottom fire grate of described stockpiling area and the sidewall with pore structure are made up of L shape fire grate laterally extending again after extending a section from top to bottom from roof of the furnace or arc fire grate.
7. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the bottom fire grate of described stockpiling area is formed by connecting to fire grate by a horizontal fire grate and side with the sidewall with pore structure.
8. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described charging aperture projected area is in the horizontal plane less than fire grate stockpiling area territory, bottom projected area in the horizontal plane, thus forms the up-small and down-big heap bed of material at solid fuel at stockpiling area.
9. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the charging aperture of described stockpiling area is adjacent to the sidewall with pore structure and arranges.
10. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described stockpiling area is arranged to up-small and down-big shape.
11. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the shape of described stockpiling area is arranged to, and after solid fuel enters stockpiling area, is at least formed with nature in the inlet side of stockpiling area and stacks the gradient.
12. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, the height of described air inlet is higher than the upper surface naturally stacking the gradient.
13. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described in there is pore structure sidewall be arranged to the shape that tilts towards combustion chamber direction from top to bottom.
14. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that, described in there is pore structure sidewall be the inclined wall that tilted by upper downwardly combustion chamber direction or arcwall.
15. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, bottom described stockpiling area, fire grate connects with inboard wall of burner hearth with the sidewall edge with pore structure, thus jointly surrounds described stockpiling area by bottom fire grate, the sidewall with pore structure and inboard wall of burner hearth.
16. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, in burner hearth, arrange hopper, form described stockpiling area by this hopper.
17. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, described hopper is squirrel-cage hopper.
18. solid fuel combustion apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described combustion chamber has two or more.
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| CN201410048472.4A CN104819456A (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2014-01-30 | Burning method and burning device of solid fuel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410048472.4A CN104819456A (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2014-01-30 | Burning method and burning device of solid fuel |
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| CN1110776A (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1995-10-25 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | No-smoke burning coal method for control nitrogen oxide and stove and application |
| CN2685717Y (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-03-16 | 王立洲 | Retort coal combustion furnace |
| CN201129721Y (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-10-08 | 车战斌 | Solid fuel combustion furnace |
| US20110259253A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-10-27 | Daniel Richard Higgins | Stepped floor for solid fuel boilers |
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| CN86103443A (en) * | 1986-05-15 | 1987-02-11 | 刘绍元 | A kind of two-stage combustion technique of coal and device thereof |
| CN1110776A (en) * | 1995-03-07 | 1995-10-25 | 中国科学院化工冶金研究所 | No-smoke burning coal method for control nitrogen oxide and stove and application |
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