CN1050882C - 一种用于标准化轴承环的密封构造 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于轴承环的密封构造,其包括一个可以安装在轴承外环上的轴承屏蔽,以使轴承屏蔽沿径向向内朝着标准化轴承内环延伸。一个内环插入件可以安装在内环上,以使合内环插入件超越内环延伸一个预定轴向长度,并通过固定在轴承屏蔽上的一弹性密封件啮合,以密封内外环间的环状空间。内环、内环插入件和插入件衬垫形成一个预定长度的组合内环组件。内环插入件可以选择地形成“抛油环”,或将两个内环结合在一起,与多排滚动元件形成轴承装置。
Description
本发明一般是涉及带有滚动元件的轴承,更具体地说,是涉及用于具有各种各样内轴承环构型的滚动元件轴承的轴承密封件。
人们已经在滚动元件轴承装置中提供了各种各样的密封构造,用以保持润滑剂和阻挡碎屑以及其它污染物。在特定的用途中还可以要求此种轴承装置的内环具有特定的轴长,这种特定的轴长与相同轴承尺寸的其它用途的内环是不同的。此种用途的一种众所周知的轴承装置构型图示于图1中,其中内环10以轴向延伸部11的形式沿轴向向外延伸到一个大于外环12的长度。
如图1所示,密封构造14封住内环10和外环12之间的环形空间16,以使润滑油保持在轴承装置中,并防止污染物进入内环10和外环12的轴承座圈和滚动元件18中。在图示的构型中,滚动元件18为环形空间16内的滚子,其由保持架(或隔圈)20隔离并保持。如图所示,密封构造14包括一个金属轴承屏蔽(或轴承帽)22和一个弹性的密封件24,密封构造14可以变形地紧靠住内环10的圆柱形外部11。
轴承屏蔽22有一个沿轴向向外延伸的可以变形的凸缘28。如图所示,在装配期间,轴承屏蔽22连同粘接在其上的弹性密封件24被安置成紧靠住外环12的台阶29,同时将一个锥形工具沿轴向紧靠可以变形的凸缘28压紧,以将凸缘28压扁成圈形构型30,如虚线所示。在这样的变形期间,圈形构型30沿径向向外移动与外环12的镗孔内的的环形槽32啮合,以固定轴承屏蔽22。
虽然此种密封构造能充分地保持润滑油和阻挡碎屑,但这种构型要求花费时间的压磨操作和特殊的工具,以便提供辗弯压扁可变形的凸缘28的“滚卡”,在某些情况下还需要额外的立杆操作,以防止轴承屏蔽22相对于外环12转动。因为在内环10具有各种各样轴向长度的情况下可能需要特定尺寸的滚动元件轴承,所以必须制造、存储和加工各种各样的内环,以满足生产轴承装置的需要。
上述情况举例说明了现有的带有滚动元件的轴承用的密封构造中已知存在着局限性。这样,很显然,提供一种克服一个或多个上述限制的替代方法是有益的。因此,在此本发明提供了一种合适的替代方法,所包含的特点将在下面更加充分地公开。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种用于滚动元件轴承的密封构造,它可以减少轴承的加工费用,减少轴承的库存要求,增加轴承的应用灵活性而不降低轴承的使用性能。
根据本发明的用于滚动元件轴承的密封构造,这种滚动元件轴承具有内环和外环以及位于内、外环之间的环状空间中的滚动元件,所述密封构造包括:一个轴承屏蔽,其可以安装在外环上,以使得轴承屏蔽沿径向向内朝着内环延伸;弹性密封装置,其固定在轴承屏蔽上,用于密封环状空间;其特征在于,所述密封构造还包括:一个内环插入件,其可以安装在内环上,以使得内环插入件超越内环延伸一个预定的轴向长度,并作为密封座由弹性密封装置予以啮合;插入件支承装置,其位于内环和内环插入件之间,用于支承沿轴向超越内环延伸的内环插入件的延伸部。
下面将通过对本发明的有关附图及具体实施例的详细说明,可以清楚地展示本发明的上述方面和其它方面的特点与目的。其中:
图1表示一先有技术密封构造的一部分带有滚动元件的轴承装置的截面图;
图2表示当与一标准化的轴承内环一起使用时本发明密封构造的一个实施例的一部分轴承装置的截面图;
图3表示图2的密封构造实施例的一种变型的一部分轴承装置的截面图;
图4表示当与一标准化的轴承内环一起使用时本发明密封构造的第二个实施例的一部分轴承装置的截面图;
图5表示图4的密封构造实施例的一种变型的一部分轴承装置的截面图;
在本说明书中,不同实施例中的相同部件具有相同的参考编号。
现在参考附图所示,图2表示位于轴承装置42内的本发明的密封构造40。轴承装置42包括有内环44、外环46和内外环之间的环状空间50中的滚动元件(滚珠)48。滚动元件48由座圈(或隔圈)52隔离并保持。
轴承屏蔽(或轴承帽)54安装在外环46的一个镗孔中,并沿径向向内朝内环44延伸。用合成橡胶或类似材料制成的弹性密封件56通过粘接或其它方法安装在轴承屏蔽54上,并由该处沿径向向内延伸,以封闭环状空间50。轴承屏蔽54用钢或其它金属通过冲压或拉制操作制成,并可以包括环形波纹部分58,用以增强刚性,抵抗翻转,以及更好地粘接和支承弹性密封件56。
轴承屏蔽54可以用各种方法安装在外环46的镗孔内。在图2所示的实施例中,轴承屏蔽54如图所示被压入到位,并通过“卡扣配合”来卡住。具体地说,外环46的镗孔具有带环形槽62的圆筒形凹部60。轴承屏蔽54具有一个与凹部60相配合的圆筒形部分,且具有一个可弹性地压入环形槽62的凸部64,用以将轴承屏蔽54锁入位置。凸部64在装配期间与凹部60形成紧配合,并可以是一条环形的脊或多个分立的突出部,如三个间隔120度的突出部。
轴承屏蔽54从凸部64沿轴向向内延伸成为内凸缘66,并沿轴向向外延伸成为圆筒形构型,以增强刚性,并通过啮合凹部60来抵抗轴承屏蔽54的“翘起”。重要的是,凸部64具有一个超过环形槽62延伸的弧度或直径,以使得凹部60内邻近凸部64的锐边受力而被迫紧靠或进入到轴承屏蔽54的表面,用以防止其相对于外环46转动。锐边的啮合也有助于防止轴承屏蔽54翘起。
或者是,轴承屏蔽54可以是压入配合在凹部60内而不用凸部64和环形槽62的机械互锁。这样变化之后,内凸缘66和轴承屏蔽54的相邻圆筒形部分可以与凹部60形成紧配合,无论凸部64还是环形槽62都不用设置。在图示的实施例中,轴承屏蔽54从其圆筒形部分的轴向外端沿径向向内延伸,使其表面部分68与外环46的端部表面相校直对齐。
内环44在它的外表面中具有与凹部60相似的凹部70。内环插入件72包括压在凹部70上形成紧配合的圆筒形部分74。圆筒形部分74上的一个台阶表面为弹性密封件56提供一个光滑的密封座。在安装轴承屏蔽54之前,先把内环插入件72安装在内环44上。密封件56包括一个唇形部(或指形部)76,在安装期间,当其插入而使轴承屏蔽54位于内环插入件72上方时该唇形部76向上偏转离开所示位置。
在图2所示的实施例中,内环44的径向定位端面78相对于轴承屏蔽54的表面部分68和外环46的端部表面稍许凹进。内环插入件72由金属冲压或控制,并具有一个沿着作为径向表面部分80的端面从圆筒形部分74沿径向向内延伸的L形截面。端面78的凹入和内环插入件72的径向表面部分80的厚度是这样选定的,即使得外环46的端面、轴承屏蔽54和内环插入件72在一个共同的径向平面内校直对齐。
图3表示为图2实施例的一种变型,其表示出轴承装置84中的密封构造82。轴承屏蔽86与轴承屏蔽54相类似,但其包括环状波纹部分88,该波纹部分沿轴向越过外环46的轴向端部向外延伸。该波纹部分88的向外延伸有利于使弹性密封件90大于弹性密封件56,这样使得从类似于图2中唇形部76的第一唇形部(或指形部)沿轴向向外形成一个第二唇部(或指形部)92。
内环插入件94具有与内环插入件72相似的L形截面。但是,内环插入件94的圆筒形部分96沿轴向向外延伸,从而为第二唇形部92提供一个密封座,并且在与内环44沿轴向间隔的预定位置上提供径向表面部分98。内环衬垫100为内环插入件94提供支承,并由内环插入件94牢固地固定着并紧靠内环44,形成刚性的内环组件。
显然,图2和图3两种变型中使用同一种内环44。通过制造各种预选长度的内环衬垫100和内环插入件94,可以提供一个范围广泛的预定轴向长度的内环组件。这种结构可以代替图1中现有技术密封构造所需的各种长度的内环10。因为内环10和内环44比内环衬垫100或内环插入件94中的任何一个都需要更复杂的机械加工和研磨操作,所以这种设计可以显著地节省成本。
图4所示轴承装置112中的密封构造110。轴承装置112与图2中所示的轴承装置42相似,只是省去了凹部60、70和78。内环插入件114直接安装在内环116上,内环衬垫118直接紧靠内环116的沿轴向向外的表面120安装,以及轴承屏蔽122直接紧靠外环123的镗孔安装。确定各种部件的尺寸,以提供内环装置的预定轴向长度并提供适当的密封。
在图4的实施例中,轴承屏蔽122通过环状波纹部分126沿轴向向外延伸,用来支承与图3中的密封件90相类似的带两个唇形部(或指形部)的弹性密封件128。内环插入件114是从内环116沿轴向出来,并从内环116沿径向向外延伸,以形成一个环状表面130,用作“抛油环”或“抛油圈”,以便抛出从轴承装置112中出来的油泥。在图示的实施例中,内环插入件114在环状表面130上自身折回,形成一个T型截面。
图4实施例的一种变型表示于图5中,其中在轴承装置142中提供有密封构造140。密封构造140与密封构造110相类似,但具有带环形波纹部分146的轴承屏蔽144,其适合于支承带有一个单独密封唇形部(或指形部)的弹性密封件148。内环插入件150在外形上是圆筒形的,且至少包括一个凸出部,该凸出部啮合于内环116的外表面中的环形槽152内,以提供机械互锁。
第二内环插入件154与内环插入件150相类似,但延伸一段更长的轴向距离,以便于结合两个内环,而形成一个如图所示的带有多排滚动元件的轴承装置。具体地说,与内环116相同的第二内环156通过第二内环插入件154与内环116结合。这个插入件通过与槽158的机械互锁安装在第二内环156上,并同时通过压配合或滑动配合安装在内环116上。
标准化的内环116和156可以用一个预装载的隔片160分隔,用以预先装载两排滚动元件,滚动元件表示为滚动元件48和第二滚动元件(滚珠)162。第二外环164与外环124相同,两者都有与内环116和156相同的轴向长度。由于预装载隔片160设置有间距,固些外环124和164沿轴向被夹紧在一起时,产生一种由线166和168所示出的预装载力。第二内环插入件154在安装前与轴承装置142固定在一起。
从上述说明可以清楚地看出,本发明提供一种密封构造,该构造要求从外环除去的材料比图1的现有技术构型要少。由于适合整个进给磨削并减少了所需磨削的面积,该密封构造可以提高密封座的同心度并减少费用。轴承屏蔽和内环插入件的装配可以是一种快速“压紧”工序,分别用简单工具夹压轴承屏蔽的一个凸部(或突出部),且分别快速地压入外环或内环的机械槽中。
轴承屏蔽和内环插入件可以由钢或其它金属板冲压或拉制而成。由于减少了材料的切削,外环可以制得使其刚性更高。由于提高了安装外环上的同心度,轴承屏蔽可以用更小的内环余隙制成。同样,轴承屏蔽和内环插入件可以分别安装在外环镗孔和内环外表面的一个凹部中,该凹部是在形成相应的内外座圈的插入研磨操作期间形成的。
显然,本发明提供了减少库存要求的灵活性。一个可以选择的内环插入件衬垫与内环插入件和内环相结合,形成一个组合的内环组件,该组件可以代替各种长度的内环。因为内环插入件和插入件衬垫比起各种轴向长度的内环来,可以使用花费较少的机械加工和研磨工艺,所以组合结构显著地节约费用而不会降低轴承装置的性能。
虽然本发明的图示和说明特别参考了最佳实施例,但本技术领域的专业人员将会理解,只要不偏离由下面附属的权利要求所说明的本发明的精神和范围,在形式和细节上可以进行上述和其它的变化。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于滚动元件轴承的密封构造,这种滚动元件轴承具有内环和外环以及位于内、外环之间的环状空间中的滚动元件,所述密封构造包括:
一个轴承屏蔽,其可以安装在外环上,以使得轴承屏蔽沿径向向内朝着内环延伸;
弹性密封装置,其固定在轴承屏蔽上,用于密封环状空间;
其特征在于,所述密封构造还包括:
一个内环插入件,其可以安装在内环上,以使得内环插入件超越内环延伸一个预定的轴向长度,并作为密封座由弹性密封装置予以啮合;
插入件支承装置,其位于内环和内环插入件之间,用于支承沿轴向超越内环延伸的内环插入件的延伸部。
2.如权利要求1所述的密封构造,其特征在于,内环插入件为L形截面并包括一个提供密封座的圆筒形部分和一个提供端面的径向定位部分。
3.如权利要求1所述的密封构造,其特征在于,弹性密封装置包括多个唇形部,其与内环插入件相啮合,以形成多个密封屏蔽。
4.如权利要求1所述的密封构造,其特征在于,内环插入件安装在内环的一个圆筒形外表面上。
5.如权利要求1所述的密封构造,其特征在于,内环插入件至少包括一个沿径向向内延伸的突出部,通过啮合于内环外表面中的一个环形槽而形成一个机械互锁。
6.如权利要求1所述的密封构造,其特征在于,内环插入件相对于内环沿轴向向外和沿径向向外延伸,以形成一个环状表面,从而起到抛油环的作用。
7.如权利要求1所述的密封构造,其特征在于,外座圈包括一个具有环形槽的镗孔,而轴承屏蔽至少包括一个沿径向向外延伸的突出部,通过啮合外环镗孔中的环形槽而形成一个机械互锁。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US981,965 | 1992-11-25 | ||
US07/981,965 US5242229A (en) | 1992-11-25 | 1992-11-25 | Sealing structure for standardized bearing ring |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1089335A CN1089335A (zh) | 1994-07-13 |
CN1050882C true CN1050882C (zh) | 2000-03-29 |
Family
ID=25528764
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CN93114716A Expired - Fee Related CN1050882C (zh) | 1992-11-25 | 1993-11-22 | 一种用于标准化轴承环的密封构造 |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US5242229A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0599574B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1050882C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69311073T2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA934824B (zh) |
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- 1992-11-25 US US07/981,965 patent/US5242229A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-07-05 ZA ZA934824A patent/ZA934824B/xx unknown
- 1993-11-22 CN CN93114716A patent/CN1050882C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-22 DE DE69311073T patent/DE69311073T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-22 EP EP93309278A patent/EP0599574B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN101014432B (zh) * | 2004-09-03 | 2010-12-01 | 詹弗兰科·帕索尼 | 机械零件尤其是轴承环的制造方法和装置以及根据该方法生产的零件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69311073D1 (de) | 1997-07-03 |
EP0599574A1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
US5242229A (en) | 1993-09-07 |
EP0599574B1 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
ZA934824B (en) | 1994-02-02 |
DE69311073T2 (de) | 1997-12-11 |
CN1089335A (zh) | 1994-07-13 |
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