CN105075778A - Method for high-yield planting of castanea mollissima - Google Patents
Method for high-yield planting of castanea mollissima Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075778A CN105075778A CN201510535174.2A CN201510535174A CN105075778A CN 105075778 A CN105075778 A CN 105075778A CN 201510535174 A CN201510535174 A CN 201510535174A CN 105075778 A CN105075778 A CN 105075778A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for high-yield planting of castanea mollissima. According to the method, mixed fertilizer is applied after castanea mollissima grafted seedlings are planted. The method for preparing the mixed fertilizer comprises the steps that bean pulp, rice bran, grape skin and pear peel are smashed, evenly mixed, subjected to microwave heating and fermented to obtain a first mixture; semen cassia and pepper are mixed and then fried, and fried malt is added to obtain a second mixture; rhubarb and cinnamon are sliced and then added to white spirit for water steaming so that a third mixture can be obtained; the second mixture and the third mixture are mixed and then added to distilled water to be decocted and then filtered, and filter residues are mixed with the first mixture to obtain the mixed fertilizer. Bean pulp, rice bran, grape skin and pear peel can provide N, P, K and B and other elements required by growth of castanea mollissima, maturing rate and fruit setting rate are increased, and the yield of castanea mollissima is increased; the adopted traditional Chinese medicine semen cassia, rhubarb and pepper can well control cryphonectria parasitica; by means of a nursery stock supporting frame, the survival rate of castanea mollissima trees is increased, and therefore the yield of castanea mollissima is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant cultivation, more particularly, the present invention relates to the method for a kind of High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation.
Background technology
Chinese chestnut, the plant of Fagaceae Castanea, originates in China, and the chestnut tree of most of kind is all the deciduous tree of 20 ~ 40 meters high, only has minority to be shrub.Chinese chestnut is nutritious, and Vitamin C content is more taller than tomato, tens times of apple especially.Mineral matter in chestnut is also very comprehensive, has potassium, zinc, iron etc., although content is high less than fibert, but still more much higher than common fruits such as apples, especially potassium content exceeds 3 times than apple, is therefore loved by the people.
The Chinese chestnut of China is generally divided into two kinds, Wild Chinese Chestnut and crossbreeding and improvement Chinese chestnut, what generally plant at present is improving the breed after hybridization is cultivated, but the improvement Chinese chestnut of plantation may suffer blight of chestnut to endanger the growth of chestnut tree, thus affect output, or there is empty bud, make the Chinese chestnut underproduction, therefore need badly and seek a kind of method that High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plants to meet the demand of people to Chinese chestnut.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is the defect that solves the problem, and the advantage will illustrated after providing.
A further object of the invention is to provide the method for a kind of High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation, fertile by using mixing after plantation Chestnut Grafted Plant, dregs of beans wherein, rice bran, Grape Skin, pears skin component can provide the N needed for Chinese chestnut growth, P, K, the elements such as B, improve ripening rate and fruit-setting rate simultaneously, make Chinese chestnut output increased, archen in cassia seed and rheum officinale in traditional Chinese medicinal components, and Chinese prickly ash, Chinese cassia tree, the volatilization wet goods component contained in the components such as Fructus Hordei Germinatus has good control efficiency to by the microbial blight of chestnut of blight of chestnut, reduce the incidence of disease of blight of chestnut, improve the survival rate of chestnut tree.
In order to realize, according to these objects of the present invention and other advantage, providing the method for a kind of High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation, comprising:
S1: plant first 2 months, repeatedly use acid-base accommodation solution in the soil in plantation, regulates pH to 6.0 ~ 6.4 of soil;
S2: dig plant hole with the form of row by row in plantation, row is identical with the spacing of row, be 2.6 ~ 2.8m, described plant hole diameter is 80 ~ 90cm, and the degree of depth is 90 ~ 100cm, in each plant hole, after using 80g base fertilizer, use phosphate fertilizer 30g, after 3 ~ 5d, use 50g base fertilizer, use described phosphate fertilizer 20g again, plant after 20 ~ 25d;
S3: in early April, the Chestnut Grafted Plant of life in 1 year is planted by cave one strain, water after plantation once, after plantation, the every 7 ~ 12d of First Year waters once, every 10 ~ 15d application of mixed fertilizers once, the florescence is the mixed solution of 3: 2: 1000 every 8 ~ 10d to the mass ratio of foliage-spray borax, urea and water;
The preparation method of described mixing fertilizer is:
Mix rear heating using microwave 10 ~ 15min according to mass ratio 20: 10: 1: 2 after dregs of beans, rice bran, Grape Skin, pears skin being pulverized respectively, then after 30 ~ 33 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20 ~ 30h, obtain the first mixture;
After cassia seed and Chinese prickly ash are mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1, at 50 ~ 55 DEG C, frying 10 ~ 15min, cools after frying, adds the Fructus Hordei Germinatus after frying and obtains the second mixture, described Fructus Hordei Germinatus obtains after frying 40 ~ 50min at 60 ~ 65 DEG C, and Fructus Hordei Germinatus and described Chinese prickly ash mass ratio are 1: 2;
After rheum officinale and Chinese cassia tree being cut into slices, after adding white wine by quality proportioning 1: 1 mixing, Steam by water bath 20 ~ 30min obtains the 3rd mixture, and wherein the quality of rheum officinale is equal with the quality of described Chinese prickly ash, and the mass ratio of described white wine and described rheum officinale is 1: 5;
After second mixture is mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1 with the 3rd mixture, add the distilled water of 6 times of second mixture and the 3rd mixture gross mass, 55 ~ 60 DEG C decoct 30 ~ 50min, filter, get filter residue and described first mixture in mass ratio 1: 20 ~ 1: 30 mix after obtain describedly mixing fertilizer;
S4: plant after 1 year, every 20 ~ 30d waters once, annual application of mixed fertilizers 4 ~ 5 times, the florescence to foliage-spray once described mixed solution, carried out a weeding every 12 ~ 18d every 3 ~ 4 months, annual prune 2 times tree-like.
Preferably, after planting Chestnut Grafted Plant in S3, each the row grafting in plantation arranges nursery stock bracing frame;
Described nursery stock bracing frame comprises two symmetrically arranged main bodys and multiple rectangle baffle plate, for main body described in any one, comprising:
Vertical plate, it is rectangular-shaped, described vertical plate is the first side near the face of a row sapling, relative face, described first side is the second side, along the row of this row sapling to being equidistantly provided with multiple rectangular through holes of passing the first side and the second side on described vertical plate, described rectangular through holes is set to by described rectangle baffle plate and is longitudinally being blocked by described rectangle baffle plate;
Wire netting, described wire netting is dismountable to be fixed on the second side of vertical plate, and parallel to the ground, and described wire netting is arranged at 3 ~ 4cm place, below of described rectangular through holes; And
Supporting seat, on its dismountable bottom surface being fixed on described vertical plate, described supporting seat comprise the support bar that supports described vertical plate and with the feet be fixedly connected with bottom support bar;
Wherein, the two ends of any one rectangle baffle plate are each passed through rectangular through holes corresponding on two pieces of symmetrically arranged vertical plates, and the vertical plate in the often adjacent square baffle plate of two block lengths and two main bodys is enclosed to form one for holding the rectangular parallelepiped space of Chestnut Grafted Plant.
Preferably, the aperture of described wire netting is 18 ~ 25mm, and described wire netting is fixed on the second side of vertical plate by the annual Chinese chestnut maturing stage, uses the described wire netting of rear dismounting.
Preferably, in S3 and S4, annual May is to September, an expelling parasite water is brushed every 25 ~ 35d in second side of vertical plate, described expelling parasite water preparation method is: after garlic, onion being pulverized according to mass ratio 2: 1, the water adding 5 times of onion quality is squeezed the juice, and adds the dried peppermint leaf with the pulverizing of the quality such as onion after obtaining juice, filter after decocting 30 ~ 40min at 50 ~ 55 DEG C, gained filtrate is described expelling parasite water.
Preferably, in S4, when the annual florescence, every 3 ~ 4d, carried out an artificial pollination in the past at 10 in the morning.
Preferably, described acid-base accommodation solution is Cosan, pine needle meal obtains after mixing according to mass ratio 3: 2: 900 with water.
Preferably, described base fertilizer is bean dregs, human excrement and water mixes after fermentation according to mass ratio 1: 10: 400 and become thoroughly decomposed and obtain.
Preferably, described phosphate fertilizer to be mass fraction be 0.3% superphosphate solution.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
1, the dregs of beans in mixing fertilizer, rice bran, Grape Skin, pears skin component can provide the elements such as N, P, K, B needed for Chinese chestnut growth, heating using microwave after dregs of beans, rice bran, Grape Skin, the mixing of pears skin can be preserved higher initial temperature and do not lost nutriment wherein before fermentation, also the effect of certain killing pathogenic bacteria is had, fermentation process kills worm in raw material, ovum and virus, after fermentation, fertilizer efficiency is long, nutrient not easily runs off, and is conducive to the absorption of Chestnut Grafted Plant root system; Containing abundant boron in Grape Skin, pears skin, the growth of root system can be promoted, improve ripening rate and fruit-setting rate simultaneously, make Chinese chestnut output increased; The volatilization wet goods component contained in the component such as archen and Chinese prickly ash, Chinese cassia tree, Fructus Hordei Germinatus in cassia seed and rheum officinale in traditional Chinese medicinal components all has good result to killing pathogenic bacteria, make mixing fertile except the various nutritive elements provided needed for Chinese chestnut growth, good control efficiency is had to by the microbial blight of chestnut of blight of chestnut, reduce the incidence of disease of blight of chestnut, improve the survival rate of chestnut tree.
2, after plantation, nursery stock bracing frame is set near each row Chestnut Seedlings, this kind of nursery stock bracing frame is by changing the spacing of two main bodys, also the spacing of blocking two the rectangle baffle plates established is changed by different rectangular through holes, thus play lodging-prevention, support protective effect along with the arboreal growth moment, improve the survival rate of Chinese chestnut sapling and install firmly; Simultaneously because nursery stock bracing frame is to a row sapling erection, change current support only for the present situation that every sapling is arranged, greatly reduce workload, also facilitate and install, with sapling growth adjustment; Supporting seat on nursery stock bracing frame is dismountable fixing, the supporting seat that the support bar of replaceable different length is supporting, and realize can protecting when chestnut tree grows into differing heights, the scope of application is wider;
3, nursery stock bracing frame is provided with Demountable metallic net, the fruit that physical maturity of collecting the wire netting installed in the Chinese chestnut maturing stage drops, save manpower, the non-maturing stage is unloaded wire netting and can save space, on wire netting, aperture is set to 18 ~ 25mm, hypogenetic Chinese chestnut itself can be eliminated, save the manpower of rejecting depauperation fruit.
4, phosphate fertilizer is used after first using base fertilizer in each plant hole, soil fertility can be made to strengthen, after the phosphate fertilizer used crop can be promoted to tiller and precocious, strengthen its cold tolerance, improve its seed output and quality, again using base fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer after 3 ~ 5 days is that fertilizer in order to make first time use fully infiltrates soil layer, plant after 15 ~ 20 days, the fertilizer used can be played one's part to the full, strengthen soil fertility, after Chestnut Seedlings plantation, also can not burn seedling.
5, brush on the second side of vertical plate using garlic, onion, dried peppermint leaf as the expelling parasite water of key component, the various volatile oil wherein contained and the penetrating odor of generation can expel the insect such as aphid, chafer, decrease the having worm strain rate of Chinese chestnut insect infestation, improve the survival rate of chestnut tree, also can play certain sterilizing disease-preventing effect.
6, Cosan, pine needle meal can change the Acidity of Aikalinity of soil, and make soil slant acidity, the slant acidity environmental benefits of soil pH 6.0 ~ 6.4 is in the growth of Chestnut Grafted Plant.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of nursery stock bracing frame of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
S1: plant first 2 months, repeatedly use acid-base accommodation solution in the soil in plantation, regulate the pH to 6.0 of soil, described acid-base accommodation solution is Cosan, pine needle meal obtains after mixing according to mass ratio 3: 2: 900 with water.
S2: dig plant hole with the form of row by row in plantation, row is identical with the spacing of row, is 2.6m, described plant hole diameter is 80cm, the degree of depth is 90cm, in each plant hole, after using 80g base fertilizer, use phosphate fertilizer 30g, use 50g base fertilizer after 3d, then use described phosphate fertilizer 20g, plant after 20d, described base fertilizer is bean dregs, human excrement and water mix after fermentation according to mass ratio 1: 10: 400 and becomes thoroughly decomposed and obtain, described phosphate fertilizer to be mass fraction be 0.3% superphosphate solution.
S3: in early April, plants the Chestnut Grafted Plant of life in 1 year, waters once after plantation by cave one strain, and each row grafting in plantation arranges nursery stock bracing frame.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of described nursery stock bracing frame, and described nursery stock bracing frame comprises two symmetrically arranged main bodys 1 and multiple rectangle baffle plate 2, for main body described in any one, comprising:
Vertical plate 110, it is rectangular-shaped, described vertical plate 110 is the first side near the face of a row sapling, relative face, described first side is the second side, along the row of this row sapling to being equidistantly provided with multiple rectangular through holes 111 of passing the first side and the second side on described vertical plate 110, described rectangular through holes 111 is set to by described rectangle baffle plate 2 and is longitudinally being blocked by described rectangle baffle plate 2;
Wire netting 120, described wire netting 120 is dismountable to be fixed on the second side of vertical plate 110, and it is parallel to the ground, described wire netting 120 is arranged at the 3cm place, below of described rectangular through holes 111, the aperture of described wire netting 120 is 18 ~ 25mm, described wire netting 120 is fixed on the second side of vertical plate 110 by the annual Chinese chestnut maturing stage, uses the described wire netting 120 of rear dismounting; And
Supporting seat 130, on its dismountable bottom surface being fixed on described vertical plate, described supporting seat 130 comprise the support bar 131 that supports described vertical plate 110 and with the feet 132 be fixedly connected with bottom support bar 131;
Wherein, the two ends of any one rectangle baffle plate 2 are each passed through rectangular through holes 111 corresponding on two pieces of symmetrically arranged vertical plates 110, and the vertical plate 110 in the often adjacent square baffle plate 2 of two block lengths and two main bodys 1 is enclosed to form one for holding the rectangular parallelepiped space of Chestnut Grafted Plant.
When nursery stock bracing frame uses, first remove the wire netting 120 in two main bodys, two main body 1 symmetries are arranged in the left and right sides of a row Chestnut Seedlings, wherein main body 1 second side of connection metal net 120 can be positioned at the offside of the first side near sapling, then rectangle baffle plate 2 is established at both sides, the front and back card of every Chestnut Seedlings, form the multiple rectangular parallelepiped space holding a row Chestnut Grafted Plant respectively, after Chestnut Seedlings is grown up, mobile agent 1 and rectangle baffle plate 2, every Chestnut Grafted Plant established by card respectively, after Chinese chestnut maturation, wire netting 120 is fixed on the second side of vertical plate, collect the fruit that physical maturity drops.
After plantation, the every 7d of First Year waters once, every 10d application of mixed fertilizers once, in May to September, an expelling parasite water being brushed every 25d in the second side of vertical plate, is the mixed solution of 3: 2: 1000 every 8d to the mass ratio of foliage-spray borax, urea and water during the florescence.
The preparation method of described mixing fertilizer is:
Mix rear heating using microwave 10min according to mass ratio 20: 10: 1: 2 after dregs of beans, rice bran, Grape Skin, pears skin being pulverized respectively, then after 30 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20h, obtain the first mixture;
After cassia seed and Chinese prickly ash being mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1, at 50 DEG C, frying 10min, cools after frying, and add the Fructus Hordei Germinatus after frying and obtain the second mixture, described Fructus Hordei Germinatus obtains after frying 40min at 60 DEG C, and Fructus Hordei Germinatus and described Chinese prickly ash mass ratio are 1: 2;
After rheum officinale and Chinese cassia tree being cut into slices, after adding white wine by quality proportioning 1: 1 mixing, Steam by water bath 20min obtains the 3rd mixture, and wherein the quality of rheum officinale is equal with the quality of described Chinese prickly ash, and the mass ratio of described white wine and described rheum officinale is 1: 5;
After second mixture is mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1 with the 3rd mixture, add the distilled water of 6 times of second mixture and the 3rd mixture gross mass, 55 DEG C decoct 30min, filter, get filter residue and described first mixture in mass ratio 1: 20 mix after obtain describedly mixing fertilizer.
Described expelling parasite water preparation method is: after garlic, onion being pulverized according to mass ratio 2: 1, the water adding 5 times of onion quality is squeezed the juice, add the dried peppermint leaf with the pulverizing of the quality such as onion after obtaining juice, filter after decocting 30min at 50 ~ 55 DEG C, gained filtrate is described expelling parasite water.
S4: plant after 1 year, every 20d waters once, annual application of mixed fertilizers 4 times, annual May is to September, an expelling parasite water is brushed every 25d in second side of vertical plate, during the florescence every 12d to foliage-spray once described mixed solution and every 3d, carried out an artificial pollination in the past at 10 in the morning, carry out a weeding at quarterly intervals, annual prune 2 times tree-like.
Embodiment 2
S1: plant first 2 months, repeatedly use acid-base accommodation solution in the soil in plantation, regulate the pH to 6.4 of soil, described acid-base accommodation solution is Cosan, pine needle meal obtains after mixing according to mass ratio 3: 2: 900 with water.
S2: dig plant hole with the form of row by row in plantation, row is identical with the spacing of row, is 2.8m, described plant hole diameter is 90cm, the degree of depth is 100cm, in each plant hole, after using 80g base fertilizer, use phosphate fertilizer 30g, use 50g base fertilizer after 5d, then use described phosphate fertilizer 20g, plant after 25d, described base fertilizer is bean dregs, human excrement and water mix after fermentation according to mass ratio 1: 10: 400 and becomes thoroughly decomposed and obtain, described phosphate fertilizer to be mass fraction be 0.3% superphosphate solution.
S3: in early April, plants the Chestnut Grafted Plant of life in 1 year, waters once after plantation by cave one strain, and each row grafting in plantation arranges nursery stock bracing frame.
Described nursery stock bracing frame comprises two symmetrically arranged main bodys and multiple rectangle baffle plate, for main body described in any one, comprising:
Vertical plate, it is rectangular-shaped, described vertical plate is the first side near the face of a row sapling, relative face, described first side is the second side, along the row of this row sapling to being equidistantly provided with multiple rectangular through holes of passing the first side and the second side on described vertical plate, described rectangular through holes is set to by described rectangle baffle plate and is longitudinally being blocked by described rectangle baffle plate;
Wire netting, described wire netting is dismountable to be fixed on the second side of vertical plate, and it is parallel to the ground, described wire netting is arranged at the 4cm place, below of described rectangular through holes, the aperture of described wire netting is 25mm, described wire netting is fixed on the second side of vertical plate by the annual Chinese chestnut maturing stage, uses the described wire netting of rear dismounting; And
Supporting seat, on its dismountable bottom surface being fixed on described vertical plate, described supporting seat comprise the support bar that supports described vertical plate and with the feet be fixedly connected with bottom support bar;
Wherein, the two ends of any one rectangle baffle plate are each passed through rectangular through holes corresponding on two pieces of symmetrically arranged vertical plates, and the vertical plate in the often adjacent square baffle plate of two block lengths and two main bodys is enclosed to form one for holding the rectangular parallelepiped space of Chestnut Grafted Plant.
When nursery stock bracing frame uses, first remove the wire netting in two main bodys, two main body symmetries are arranged in the left and right sides of a row Chestnut Seedlings, wherein main body the second side of connection metal net can be positioned at the offside of the first side near sapling, then rectangle baffle plate is established at both sides, the front and back card of every Chestnut Seedlings, form the multiple rectangular parallelepiped space holding a row Chestnut Grafted Plant respectively, after Chestnut Seedlings is grown up, mobile agent and rectangle baffle plate, every Chestnut Grafted Plant established by card respectively, after Chinese chestnut maturation, wire netting is fixed on the second side of vertical plate, collect the fruit that physical maturity drops.
After plantation, the every 12d of First Year waters once, every 15d application of mixed fertilizers once, in May to September, an expelling parasite water being brushed every 35d in the second side of vertical plate, is the mixed solution of 3: 2: 1000 every 10d to the mass ratio of foliage-spray borax, urea and water during the florescence.
The preparation method of described mixing fertilizer is:
Mix rear heating using microwave 15min according to mass ratio 20: 10: 1: 2 after dregs of beans, rice bran, Grape Skin, pears skin being pulverized respectively, then after 33 DEG C of bottom fermentation 30h, obtain the first mixture;
After cassia seed and Chinese prickly ash being mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1, at 55 DEG C, frying 15min, cools after frying, and add the Fructus Hordei Germinatus after frying and obtain the second mixture, described Fructus Hordei Germinatus obtains after frying 50min at 65 DEG C, and Fructus Hordei Germinatus and described Chinese prickly ash mass ratio are 1: 2;
After rheum officinale and Chinese cassia tree being cut into slices, after adding white wine by quality proportioning 1: 1 mixing, Steam by water bath 30min obtains the 3rd mixture, and wherein the quality of rheum officinale is equal with the quality of described Chinese prickly ash, and the mass ratio of described white wine and described rheum officinale is 1: 5;
After second mixture is mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1 with the 3rd mixture, add the distilled water of 6 times of second mixture and the 3rd mixture gross mass, 60 DEG C decoct 50min, filter, get filter residue and described first mixture in mass ratio 1: 30 mix after obtain describedly mixing fertilizer.
Described expelling parasite water preparation method is: after garlic, onion being pulverized according to mass ratio 2: 1, the water adding 5 times of onion quality is squeezed the juice, add the dried peppermint leaf with the pulverizing of the quality such as onion after obtaining juice, filter after decocting 40min at 55 DEG C, gained filtrate is described expelling parasite water.
S4: plant after 1 year, every 30d waters once, annual application of mixed fertilizers 5 times, annual May is to September, an expelling parasite water is brushed every 35d in second side of vertical plate, during the florescence every 18d to foliage-spray once described mixed solution and every 4d, carried out an artificial pollination in the past at 10 in the morning, carried out a weeding every 4 months, annual prune 2 times tree-like.
Embodiment 3
S1: plant first 2 months, repeatedly use acid-base accommodation solution in the soil in plantation, regulate the pH to 6.2 of soil, described acid-base accommodation solution is Cosan, pine needle meal obtains after mixing according to mass ratio 3: 2: 900 with water.
S2: dig plant hole with the form of row by row in plantation, row is identical with the spacing of row, is 2.7m, described plant hole diameter is 85cm, the degree of depth is 95cm, in each plant hole, after using 80g base fertilizer, use phosphate fertilizer 30g, use 50g base fertilizer after 4d, then use described phosphate fertilizer 20g, plant after 22d, described base fertilizer is bean dregs, human excrement and water mix after fermentation according to mass ratio 1: 10: 400 and becomes thoroughly decomposed and obtain, described phosphate fertilizer to be mass fraction be 0.3% superphosphate solution.
S3: in early April, plants the Chestnut Grafted Plant of life in 1 year, waters once after plantation by cave one strain, and each row grafting in plantation arranges nursery stock bracing frame.
Described nursery stock bracing frame comprises two symmetrically arranged main bodys and multiple rectangle baffle plate, for main body described in any one, comprising:
Vertical plate, it is rectangular-shaped, described vertical plate is the first side near the face of a row sapling, relative face, described first side is the second side, along the row of this row sapling to being equidistantly provided with multiple rectangular through holes of passing the first side and the second side on described vertical plate, described rectangular through holes is set to by described rectangle baffle plate and is longitudinally being blocked by described rectangle baffle plate;
Wire netting, described wire netting is dismountable to be fixed on the second side of vertical plate, and it is parallel to the ground, described wire netting is arranged at the 3cm place, below of described rectangular through holes, the aperture of described wire netting is 22mm, described wire netting is fixed on the second side of vertical plate by the annual Chinese chestnut maturing stage, uses the described wire netting of rear dismounting; And
Supporting seat, on its dismountable bottom surface being fixed on described vertical plate, described supporting seat comprise the support bar that supports described vertical plate and with the feet be fixedly connected with bottom support bar;
Wherein, the two ends of any one rectangle baffle plate are each passed through rectangular through holes corresponding on two pieces of symmetrically arranged vertical plates, and the vertical plate in the often adjacent square baffle plate of two block lengths and two main bodys is enclosed to form one for holding the rectangular parallelepiped space of Chestnut Grafted Plant.
When nursery stock bracing frame uses, first remove the wire netting in two main bodys, two main body symmetries are arranged in the left and right sides of a row Chestnut Seedlings, wherein main body the second side of connection metal net can be positioned at the offside of the first side near sapling, then rectangle baffle plate is established at both sides, the front and back card of every Chestnut Seedlings, form the multiple rectangular parallelepiped space holding a row Chestnut Grafted Plant respectively, after Chestnut Seedlings is grown up, mobile agent and rectangle baffle plate, every Chestnut Grafted Plant established by card respectively, after Chinese chestnut maturation, wire netting is fixed on the second side of vertical plate, collect the fruit that physical maturity drops.
After plantation, the every 9d of First Year waters once, every 12d application of mixed fertilizers once, in May to September, an expelling parasite water being brushed every 30d in the second side of vertical plate, is the mixed solution of 3: 2: 1000 every 8 ~ 10d to the mass ratio of foliage-spray borax, urea and water during the florescence.
The preparation method of described mixing fertilizer is:
Mix rear heating using microwave 12min according to mass ratio 20: 10: 1: 2 after dregs of beans, rice bran, Grape Skin, pears skin being pulverized respectively, then after 32 DEG C of bottom fermentation 25h, obtain the first mixture;
After cassia seed and Chinese prickly ash being mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1, at 52 DEG C, frying 12min, cools after frying, and add the Fructus Hordei Germinatus after frying and obtain the second mixture, described Fructus Hordei Germinatus obtains after frying 45min at 62 DEG C, and Fructus Hordei Germinatus and described Chinese prickly ash mass ratio are 1: 2;
After rheum officinale and Chinese cassia tree being cut into slices, after adding white wine by quality proportioning 1: 1 mixing, Steam by water bath 25min obtains the 3rd mixture, and wherein the quality of rheum officinale is equal with the quality of described Chinese prickly ash, and the mass ratio of described white wine and described rheum officinale is 1: 5;
After second mixture is mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1 with the 3rd mixture, add the distilled water of 6 times of second mixture and the 3rd mixture gross mass, 57 DEG C decoct 40min, filter, get filter residue and described first mixture in mass ratio 1: 25 mix after obtain describedly mixing fertilizer.
Described expelling parasite water preparation method is: after garlic, onion being pulverized according to mass ratio 2: 1, the water adding 5 times of onion quality is squeezed the juice, add the dried peppermint leaf with the pulverizing of the quality such as onion after obtaining juice, filter after decocting 35min at 52 DEG C, gained filtrate is described expelling parasite water.
S4: plant after 1 year, every 25d waters once, annual application of mixed fertilizers 4 times, annual May is to September, an expelling parasite water is brushed every 30d in second side of vertical plate, during the florescence every 15d to foliage-spray once described mixed solution and every 4d, carried out an artificial pollination in the past at 10 in the morning, carry out a weeding at quarterly intervals, annual prune 2 times tree-like.
In order to effect of the present invention is described, inventor selects the plantation that 2 each side conditions are identical, Stochastic choice 400 strain Chestnut Grafted Plant is planted in 2 plantations respectively as experiment material, one of them plantation adopts the High Yield for Chinese Chestnut implantation methods in embodiments of the invention 3, another plantation adopts common species method for planting, mixing is not used fertile in planting process, use urea, after superphosphate and potassium sulfate mix according to mass ratio 7: 4: 1, the composite fertilizer that thin up 600 doubly obtains, nursery stock bracing frame is not set, also not brushing expelling parasite water on vertical plate, all the other are all identical with the implantation methods in embodiment 3, related data in two plantations is measured respectively as follows after 2 years:
Table 1 chestnut tree growing state measures
As can be seen from Table 1, High Yield for Chinese Chestnut implantation methods of the present invention is adopted to compare with common Chinese chestnut implantation methods, High Yield for Chinese Chestnut implantation methods of the present invention, fertile owing to have employed self-control mixing, reduce the incidence of disease of blight of chestnut, be provided with nursery stock bracing frame, improve the survival rate of chestnut tree, thus substantially increase the per mu yield of Chinese chestnut, on vertical plate, brushing expelling parasite water, decreases the having worm strain rate of chestnut tree.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.
Claims (8)
1. a method for High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation, is characterized in that, comprising:
S1: plant first 2 months, repeatedly use acid-base accommodation solution in the soil in plantation, regulates pH to 6.0 ~ 6.4 of soil;
S2: dig plant hole with the form of row by row in plantation, row is identical with the spacing of row, be 2.6 ~ 2.8m, described plant hole diameter is 80 ~ 90cm, and the degree of depth is 90 ~ 100cm, in each plant hole, after using 80g base fertilizer, use phosphate fertilizer 30g, after 3 ~ 5d, use 50g base fertilizer, use described phosphate fertilizer 20g again, plant after 20 ~ 25d;
S3: in early April, the Chestnut Grafted Plant of life in 1 year is planted by cave one strain, water after plantation once, after plantation, the every 7 ~ 12d of First Year waters once, every 10 ~ 15d application of mixed fertilizers once, the florescence is the mixed solution of 3: 2: 1000 every 8 ~ 10d to the mass ratio of foliage-spray borax, urea and water;
The preparation method of described mixing fertilizer is:
Mix rear heating using microwave 10 ~ 15min according to mass ratio 20: 10: 1: 2 after dregs of beans, rice bran, Grape Skin, pears skin being pulverized respectively, then after 30 ~ 33 DEG C of bottom fermentation 20 ~ 30h, obtain the first mixture;
After cassia seed and Chinese prickly ash are mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1, at 50 ~ 55 DEG C, frying 10 ~ 15min, cools after frying, adds the Fructus Hordei Germinatus after frying and obtains the second mixture, described Fructus Hordei Germinatus obtains after frying 40 ~ 50min at 60 ~ 65 DEG C, and Fructus Hordei Germinatus and described Chinese prickly ash mass ratio are 1: 2;
After rheum officinale and Chinese cassia tree being cut into slices, after adding white wine by quality proportioning 1: 1 mixing, Steam by water bath 20 ~ 30min obtains the 3rd mixture, and wherein the quality of rheum officinale is equal with the quality of described Chinese prickly ash, and the mass ratio of described white wine and described rheum officinale is 1: 5;
After second mixture is mixed by quality proportioning 2: 1 with the 3rd mixture, add the distilled water of 6 times of second mixture and the 3rd mixture gross mass, 55 ~ 60 DEG C decoct 30 ~ 50min, filter, get filter residue and described first mixture in mass ratio 1: 20 ~ 1: 30 mix after obtain describedly mixing fertilizer;
S4: plant after 1 year, every 20 ~ 30d waters once, annual application of mixed fertilizers 4 ~ 5 times, the florescence to foliage-spray once described mixed solution, carried out a weeding every 12 ~ 18d every 3 ~ 4 months, annual prune 2 times tree-like.
2. the method for High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, after planting Chestnut Grafted Plant, each the row grafting in plantation arranges nursery stock bracing frame in S3;
Described nursery stock bracing frame comprises two symmetrically arranged main bodys and multiple rectangle baffle plate, for main body described in any one, comprising:
Vertical plate, it is rectangular-shaped, described vertical plate is the first side near the face of a row sapling, relative face, described first side is the second side, along the row of this row sapling to being equidistantly provided with multiple rectangular through holes of passing the first side and the second side on described vertical plate, described rectangular through holes is set to by described rectangle baffle plate and is longitudinally being blocked by described rectangle baffle plate;
Wire netting, described wire netting is dismountable to be fixed on the second side of vertical plate, and parallel to the ground, and described wire netting is arranged at 3 ~ 4cm place, below of described rectangular through holes; And
Supporting seat, on its dismountable bottom surface being fixed on described vertical plate, described supporting seat comprise the support bar that supports described vertical plate and with the feet be fixedly connected with bottom support bar;
Wherein, the two ends of any one rectangle baffle plate are each passed through rectangular through holes corresponding on two pieces of symmetrically arranged vertical plates, and the vertical plate in the often adjacent square baffle plate of two block lengths and two main bodys is enclosed to form one for holding the rectangular parallelepiped space of Chestnut Grafted Plant.
3. the method for High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the aperture of described wire netting is 18 ~ 25mm, and described wire netting is fixed on the second side of vertical plate by the annual Chinese chestnut maturing stage, uses the described wire netting of rear dismounting.
4. the method for High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in S3 and S4, annual May, to September, an expelling parasite water is brushed every 25 ~ 35d in the second side of vertical plate, and described expelling parasite water preparation method is: after garlic, onion being pulverized according to mass ratio 2: 1, the water adding 5 times of onion quality is squeezed the juice, add the dried peppermint leaf with the pulverizing of the quality such as onion after obtaining juice, filter after decocting 30 ~ 40min at 50 ~ 55 DEG C, gained filtrate is described expelling parasite water.
5. the method for High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in S4, when the annual florescence, every 3 ~ 4d, carried out an artificial pollination in the past at 10 in the morning.
6. the method for High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described acid-base accommodation solution is Cosan, pine needle meal obtains after mixing according to mass ratio 3: 2: 900 with water.
7. the method for High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described base fertilizer is bean dregs, human excrement and water mixes after fermentation according to mass ratio 1: 10: 400 and become thoroughly decomposed and obtain.
8. the method for High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described phosphate fertilizer to be mass fraction be 0.3% superphosphate solution.
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