CN105073943A - 低粘度金属基硫化氢清除剂 - Google Patents
低粘度金属基硫化氢清除剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105073943A CN105073943A CN201480009228.5A CN201480009228A CN105073943A CN 105073943 A CN105073943 A CN 105073943A CN 201480009228 A CN201480009228 A CN 201480009228A CN 105073943 A CN105073943 A CN 105073943A
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- -1 glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7-dimethyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(O)=O YPIFGDQKSSMYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
- C10G21/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
- C10G21/12—Organic compounds only
- C10G21/16—Oxygen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/06—Metal salts, or metal salts deposited on a carrier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/20—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
- C10G29/22—Organic compounds not containing metal atoms containing oxygen as the only hetero atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/207—Acid gases, e.g. H2S, COS, SO2, HCN
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
一种由金属羧酸盐和粘度改进剂混合的用于清除硫化氢的组合物，所述金属羧酸盐由于聚合而具有高粘度，所述粘度改进剂选自具有约4至约10个碳的二醇醚和具有约1至约4个碳的烷基醇。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于清除硫化氢的添加剂。本发明特别地涉及基于金属如锌的用于清除硫化氢的添加剂。
背景技术
由于各种的原因，硫物质在烃物流体和含水物流中的存在是不期望的。目前开发的地下储层在所生产的烃物流(油和气)中具有增加量的硫物质。硫化氢和硫醇是有毒气体，它们比空气重，并且对于井和地面装置具有非常大的腐蚀性。
在燃烧过程中，富含硫的烃物流也产生了严重的环境污染。当富含硫的物流接触金属时，硫物质导致碳钢变脆和导致更高度合金材料中的应力腐蚀裂痕。此外，不同的烃或者含水物流中的硫化氢造成安全危害和腐蚀危害。
辛酸锌是一种有效的硫化氢清除剂。当这种化合物是以锌与辛酸的比为1:2来制备时，它具有非常高的粘度。本领域中期望的是制备具有相当低的粘度的辛酸锌硫化氢清除剂。
发明内容
在一个方面，本发明是一种用于清除硫化氢的组合物，所述组合物包含辛酸锌(2:1)和粘度改进剂，不含或含有另外的约7至约30个碳的烃，所述粘度改进剂选自具有约4至约15个碳的二醇醚和/或具有约1至约10个碳的烷基醇。
在另一方面，本发明是一种处理被硫化氢污染的流体的方法，所述方法包括向所述硫化氢污染的流体中引入用于清除硫化氢的添加剂，所述添加剂包含辛酸锌(2:1)和粘度改进剂，不含或含有另外的约7至约30个碳的烃，所述粘度改进剂选自具有约4至约15个碳的二醇醚和/或具有约1至约10个碳的烷基醇。
在又一方面，本发明是一种用于清除硫化氢的组合物，所述组合物包含金属羧酸盐和粘度改进剂，不含或含有另外的约7至约30个碳的烃，所述金属羧酸盐由于聚合而具有高粘度，所述粘度改进剂选自具有约4至约15个碳的二醇醚和/或具有约1至约10个碳的烷基醇。
具体实施方式
在一个实施方案中，本发明是一种用于清除硫化氢的组合物，所述组合物包含辛酸锌(具有锌与辛酸的摩尔比是1:2)和粘度改进剂，不含或含有另外的约7至约30个碳的烃，所述粘度改进剂选自具有约4至约15(20或更多)个碳的二醇醚和/或具有约1至约10个碳的烷基醇。当使用1:2的锌和辛酸的比来制备时，辛酸锌是中性的，并且由于固有的聚合而具有非常高的粘度。在环境温度下，它具有类似于极粘稠糖浆的粘度。处理这种流体是非常困难的。要注意的是，用于本申请目的的术语“辛酸锌”用于描述锌有机基络合物盐，即锌源(如粉和氧化锌)和例如2-乙基己酸的反应产物。这是普通的工业用途，并且本文使用来避免本领域技术人员的混淆。
已经发现少量的某些二醇醚和/或烷基醇会产生辛酸锌粘度的显著变化。用于本公开方法的二醇醚包括具有约5至约15个碳的那些。示例性化合物包括但不限于:乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丙基醚、乙二醇单异丙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、二乙二醇单正丁基醚及它们的组合。
用于本公开方法的低分子量烷基醇包括具有约1至约15个碳的那些。示例性醇包括但不限于:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇及它们的组合。
除了锌之外，本公开方法还可以使用其它金属辛酸盐。可以使用的其它金属包括但不限于铁、锰、钴、镍等。使用混合的金属辛酸盐也处于本公开的范围内。
金属羧酸盐(包括辛酸锌)可以使用本领域技术人员已知的用于制备这种化合物的任何方法来制备。例如，在一个实施方案中，在乙酸酐存在下将金属氧化物和乙基己酸进行合并。仍然，可以使用其它方法，其中这种方法产生了高粘度添加剂。出于本公开的目的，当涉及硫化氢清除剂使用时，术语高粘度应当是指具有在60°F下大于60000厘泊的粘度。
除了乙基己酸之外，其它羧酸可以用于本公开的方法。具有约2至约18个碳的任何羧酸可以用于制备金属羧酸盐，提前是所形成的组合物的粘度足够低，以使得它能够与粘度改进剂混合。这种酸包括但不限于:乙酸、丙酸、己酸、壬酸、癸酸、新癸酸、萘甲酸、亚油酸、环烷酸、妥尔油酸、油酸、2-甲基戊酸等。可以使用这些其它酸，但是要求所形成的金属羧酸盐在与粘度改进剂混合之前具有较高的粘度。
同样，大部分羧酸不作为纯试剂来获得。例如，某些等级的乙基己酸会存在高达10％的其它酸。还可以使用有意混合的羧酸，并且处于本申请范围内。在一个实施方案中，羧酸锌可以是氧化锌或氢氧化锌与如辛酸和新癸酸二者的反应产物。使用酸酐作为酸源也处于本申请范围内。
本文所生产的硫化氢清除剂的粘度应当低于上面规定的高粘度。然而，根据粘度改进剂的经济成本和其中打算使用清除剂的方法的能力之间的平衡，由最终用户决定所讨论的改进剂的用量。例如，在精炼厂中，一个装置会需要非常低的粘度，例如在60°F下小于1000厘泊。相反地，可能甚至在紧邻第一装置的装置中，硫化氢清除剂可以以在60°F下10000厘泊的粘度来使用。在这种应用中，令人期望的是降低所讨论的改进剂的用量。精炼烃领域的一般技术人员公知用于这种精炼的装置的能力。通常，然而，粘度改进剂将以约1％至约10％的浓度来使用。在一些实施方案中，粘度改进剂将以约1至约30％的浓度使用。在仍然的其它实施方案中，粘度改进剂将以约0.5至约60％的浓度使用。
本文所要求的硫化氢清除剂用于处理烃。烃可以是粗的、部分精炼的或者完全精炼的和有待于商业消耗的。当待处理的烃是粗烃时，在一个实施方案中，它们可以是非常“粗的”，和例如是原油或者重质燃料油或者甚至是沥青。在另一实施方案中，相对随后的精炼步骤粗烃可以只是“粗的”。例如，在一个实施方案中，本公开的方法可以是生产轻质烃燃料如汽油或航空燃料的精炼步骤。在精炼厂中，用于这种装置的进料物流已经经历了至少一个步骤来除去对于生产这种燃料来说不期望的组分。因此，在这种实施方案中，到这个装置的进料物流是粗烃，即使已经对它进行了至少一个精炼加工步骤。
原油当首次生产时大部分经常是多相流体。它具有烃相、水相，和可以包括气体和固体二者。在本公开方法的一些应用中，硫化氢清除剂可以用于工艺用水如在原油精炼过程中所产生的工艺用水中，甚至用于被类似污染的废水中。
除了用于减轻硫化氢的存在之外，本申请的组合物可以进一步用作烃的处置、运输和存储过程中的气味控制剂。使用本发明的另一益处是降低SOx排放。清除的硫化氢或者至少它的大部分来自于现代精炼厂的回收系统。用于这种物质的最终处置处通常是热氧化器。如果硫化氢从未到达热氧化器，则所形成的SOx排放物会减少。
实施例
提供以下的实施例来说明本发明。该实施例不意在限制本发明的范围和它们不应当如此解释。除非另有指示，量是重量份或者重量百分比。
实施例1-5和对比例A和B
没有显示仅羧酸锌的对照，因为它太粘稠而难以测试。样品1通过首先混合乙酸酐、丁氧基乙醇和2-乙基己酸来制备。然后向该混合物中加入氧化锌。然后将所形成的物质加热和回流来完成反应，然后蒸馏除水。
类似制备样品2-3，除了在形成羧酸锌之后加入醇。要注意的是:粘度改进剂可以在反应之前、过程中或者之后加入。
然后测试每种混合物的粘度，结果显示于下表1中。
表1
实施例6
向原油物流中加入约2000ppm的硫化氢，然后用对应于上面实施例2的组合物进行处理。测试结果显示于表2中。
表2
| 测试 | 处理后的时间 | 实施例2的剂量(ppm) | H2S ppm | 除去的H2S％ |
| 1 | 4小时 | 0 | 2000 | N/A |
| 2 | 4小时 | 700 | 350 | 82.5 |
| 3 | 4小时 | 350 | 675 | 66 |
| 4 | 24小时 | 700 | N/D | 100 |
| 5 | 24小时 | 350 | 70 | 96 |
Claims (19)
1.一种用于清除硫化氢的组合物，所述组合物包含辛酸锌(2:1)和粘度改进剂，不含或含有另外的约7至约30个碳的烃，所述粘度改进剂选自具有约4至约15个碳的二醇醚和/或具有约1至约10个碳的烷基醇。
2.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述辛酸锌使用锌粉或氧化锌制备。
3.权利要求2的组合物，其中所述辛酸锌使用乙基己酸制备。
4.权利要求3的组合物，其中用于制备所述辛酸锌的羧酸是2-乙基己酸。
5.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述粘度改进剂是选自以下的二醇醚:乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丙基醚、乙二醇单异丙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、二乙二醇单正丁基醚及它们的组合。
6.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述粘度改进剂是选自以下的低分子量烷基醇:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇及它们的组合。
7.一种处理被硫化氢污染的流体的方法，所述方法包括向所述硫化氢污染的流体中引入用于清除硫化氢的添加剂，所述添加剂包含辛酸锌(2:1)和粘度改进剂，不含或含有另外的约7至约30个碳的烃，所述粘度改进剂选自具有约4至约15个碳的二醇醚和/或具有约1至约10个碳的烷基醇。
8.权利要求7的组合物，其中所述辛酸锌使用锌粉或氧化锌制备。
9.权利要求8的组合物，其中所述辛酸锌使用乙基己酸制备。
10.权利要求9的组合物，其中用于制备所述辛酸锌的羧酸是2-乙基己酸。
11.权利要求7的组合物，其中所述粘度改进剂是选自以下的二醇醚:乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丙基醚、乙二醇单异丙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、二乙二醇单正丁基醚及它们的组合。
12.权利要求7的组合物，其中所述粘度改进剂是选自以下的低分子量烷基醇:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇及它们的组合。
13.一种用于清除硫化氢的组合物，所述组合物包含金属羧酸盐和粘度改进剂，不含或含有另外的约7至约30个碳的烃，所述金属羧酸盐由于聚合而具有高粘度，所述粘度改进剂选自具有约4至约15个碳的二醇醚和/或具有约1至约10个碳的烷基醇。
14.权利要求13的组合物，其中所述金属羧酸盐使用铁、锰、钴和镍来制备。
15.权利要求13的组合物，其中所述金属羧酸盐使用选自锌、铁、锰、钴和镍的金属的混合物来制备。
16.权利要求13的组合物，其中所述金属羧酸盐使用选自以下的羧酸来制备:乙基己酸、乙酸、丙酸、己酸、壬酸、癸酸、新癸酸、萘甲酸、亚油酸、环烷酸、妥尔油酸、油酸、2-甲基戊酸及它们的组合。
17.权利要求16的组合物，其中所选择的羧酸或者羧酸的组合包括2-乙基己酸。
18.权利要求13的组合物，其中所述粘度改进剂是选自以下的二醇醚:乙二醇单甲基醚、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丙基醚、乙二醇单异丙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇单甲基醚、二乙二醇单乙基醚、二乙二醇单正丁基醚及它们的组合。
19.权利要求13的组合物，其中所述粘度改进剂是选自以下的低分子量烷基醇:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇及它们的组合。
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| PCT/US2014/017037 WO2014130503A1 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-02-19 | Low viscosity metal-based hydrogen sulfide scavengers |
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| WO2016180563A1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2016-11-17 | Clariant International Ltd | Composition and method for scavenging sulfides and mercaptans |
| CN118496683A (zh) * | 2016-01-08 | 2024-08-16 | 伊诺弗斯公司 | 用于硫物质的清除剂组合物 |
| EP3918036A1 (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-12-08 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Alcohol-based hemi-formyls for hydrogen sulfide scavenging |
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| ES2812560T3 (es) | 2021-03-17 |
| US20170306246A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
| CA2900548A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| EP2958973A4 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
| EP2958973A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
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| US20140231311A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
| PL2958973T3 (pl) | 2020-11-16 |
| US9719027B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
| HUE050557T2 (hu) | 2020-12-28 |
| WO2014130503A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
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