CN105052833A - Method for breeding cattle-yaks - Google Patents
Method for breeding cattle-yaks Download PDFInfo
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- CN105052833A CN105052833A CN201510549198.3A CN201510549198A CN105052833A CN 105052833 A CN105052833 A CN 105052833A CN 201510549198 A CN201510549198 A CN 201510549198A CN 105052833 A CN105052833 A CN 105052833A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 207
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 claims description 72
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000003022 colostrum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021277 colostrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008939 whole milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 17
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 13
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a Natural products C1CC(C)C(C(C)CC)OC21OC(CC=C(C)C(OC1OC(C)C(OC3OC(C)C(O)C(OC)C3)C(OC)C1)C(C)C=CC=C1C3(C(C(=O)O4)C=C(C)C(O)C3OC1)O)CC4C2 AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- SPBDXSGPUHCETR-JFUDTMANSA-N 8883yp2r6d Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC4)C(C)C)O3)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@@]21O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C1)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/1[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\1)O)C[C@H]4C2 SPBDXSGPUHCETR-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 description 11
- HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N albendazole Chemical compound CCCSC1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229960002669 albendazole Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 11
- 229960002418 ivermectin Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 5
- 208000007212 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241000710198 Foot-and-mouth disease virus Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000209219 Hordeum Species 0.000 description 5
- 206010034107 Pasteurella infections Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 229940031551 inactivated vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 5
- 201000005115 pasteurellosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding cattle-yaks. The method includes the steps of conducting supplementary feeding on pregnant chauri, breeding newborn calves after the calves are born in a lactation and graze combined mode, breeding the postpartum chauri in a graze and supplementary breeding combined mode, conducting ingestion training on the calves 25-35 days after the calves are born, conducting ablactation on the calves 3 months after the calves are born, breeding the multiparity chauri conducting ablactation in a graze prolonging and supplementary feeding combined mode, and conducting artificial insemination on chauri starting oestrus. By means of the breeding method, the chauri can each give birth to one calf each year, the survival rate of the calves is increased, and the breeding rate of the cattle-yaks is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding technique field, particularly a kind of method of producing pien niu.
Background technology
Pien niu is the offspring that common ox and yak are produced by interspecific cross, has obvious heterosis, hybrid vigor, breast, meat production capacity, working capacity excellence.Pien niu has extremely important effect to the production of people and life: first, labour is used, the public pien niu of castration not only has yak equally to the adaptive faculty of plateau climate environment, also there is more docile tractable advantage, so be often used to use as carrying ox on the back pastoral area pien niu, be used for plowing at farming-pastoral region or agriculture district; Second, milk is used, compared with yak, female pien niu milk yield will be multiplied, and the cycle of giving milk is long, can meet preferably to herd family and eat milk or big and medium-sized cities, Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region to the ever-increasing demand of milk, herding family on the one hand utilizes pien niu to eat milk, reduce in producing, herdsman and yak calf strive the problem of eating milk, also can meet the demand of urban population growth to milk largely on the other hand.3rd, meat, public pien niu has fast growth, meat yield high, pien niu both can be herded in pastoral area in addition, also can carry out strange land to fatten, utilize the advantage that the forage grass resource such as farming-pastoral region or agriculture district agricultural crop straw is abundant, for people provide a large amount of beef.
Prior art mainly utilizes calving the previous year, and the cow of dry milk carries out artificial insemination to produce pien niu then, and this cow next year produces the mode of pien niu, and reproduction rate is very low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of producing pien niu, the method for production pien niu provided by the invention improves the reproduction rate of pien niu effectively.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of method of producing pien niu, comprising:
Supplementary feeding is carried out to pregnant cow;
After calving, the pattern that nascent calf adopts " lactation+herd " to combine is raised, the pattern that fresh cow adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised;
Calf birth, after 25 ~ 35 days, to be searched for food training to calf;
Calf was born after 3 monthly ages, weaned to calf;
The pattern that multiparity cow after wean adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised;
The cow of splitting the feelings that start carries out artificial insemination.
Preferably, described time of pregnant cow being carried out to supplementary feeding from gestation December then;
The described supplementary feeding to pregnant cow is specially:
Until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow;
The feed of described supplementary feeding comprises 2 ~ 4kg green hay and 0.15 ~ 0.35kg plant flour.
Preferably, the described pattern adopting " lactation+herd " to combine to nascent calf is raised and is specially:
Suck colostrum in 0.5 ~ 1 hour after described calf birth, to feed colostrum, whole milk of cow were used for calf lactation, did not carry out hand milking on 0th ~ 7;
Herd with mother after calf birth.
Preferably, the described pattern feeding time adopting " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine to fresh cow is for wean from postpartum to calf;
The described pattern adopting " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine to fresh cow is raised and is specially:
Until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow;
The feed of described supplementary feeding comprises 0.15 ~ 0.35kg plant flour.
Preferably, described Weaned calves body weight is at more than 55kg;
The multiparity number of times of described multiparity cow is 2 ~ 4 tires.
Preferably, the described pattern adopting " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine to the multiparity cow after wean is raised and is specially:
Grazing time is extended 1 ~ 3 hour;
Until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow;
The feed of described supplementary feeding comprises 0.15 ~ 0.35kg plant flour.
Preferably, described plant flour is corn flour and/or highland barley powder.
Preferably, the described artificial insemination concrete time is: the cow oestrused morning in breeding that afternoon once, breed once again by morning;
The cow oestrused afternoon in breeding the next morning once, breed once again by the second afternoon.
Preferably, the pattern that the calf after wean adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised, is specially:
Calf and cow are isolated and herds;
Probiotics is added in the drinking water of calf;
Mixing veterinary formulations of one or more compositions the Bacillus acidi lactici that described probiotics employing obtains from Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral, Bifidobacterium and bacillus.
Preferably, in December, the pattern that calf adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine with brooder was raised, until 1 one full year of life;
The described pattern adopting " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine with brooder to calf is raised and is specially:
Treat that calf returns to herd relief calf and enter brooder, supplementary feeding is carried out to calf, drink water and lick and lick mineral and lick brick; The feed of described supplementary feeding comprises 0.5 ~ 1.5kg green hay and 0.15 ~ 0.35kg fine fodder.
The invention provides a kind of method of producing pien niu, comprising: supplementary feeding is carried out to pregnant cow; After calving, the pattern that nascent calf adopts " lactation+herd " to combine is raised, the pattern that fresh cow adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised; Calf birth, after 25 ~ 35 days, to be searched for food training to calf; Calf was born after 3 monthly ages, weaned to calf; The pattern that multiparity cow after wean adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised; The cow of splitting the feelings that start carries out artificial insemination.The supplementary feeding that carries out it in the cow pregnancy duration of method of production pien niu provided by the invention, makes calf have larger birth weight, improve calf be born after survival rate; And owing to being advanced by the weaning time of calf, the cow after wean just started to oestrus at about 1 week again, carried out artificial insemination mating to the cow oestrused, and made cow can produce a tire every year, improve the reproduction rate of pien niu.
Further, the milk of cow is all more conducive to the growth of calf for the lactation of calf, in addition, the pattern that search for food training and " the herding+supplementary feeding " of taking after entering cold season of carrying out calf combine with brooder raises the survival rate being all conducive to improving calf.The raising of calf survival rate further increases the reproduction rate of pien niu.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
The invention provides a kind of method of producing pien niu, comprising:
Supplementary feeding is carried out to pregnant cow;
After calving, the pattern that nascent calf adopts " lactation+herd " to combine is raised, the pattern that fresh cow adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised;
Calf birth, after 25 ~ 35 days, to be searched for food training to calf;
Calf was born after 3 monthly ages, weaned to calf;
The pattern that multiparity cow after wean adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised;
The cow of splitting the feelings that start carries out artificial insemination.
In the solution of the present invention, if no special instructions, described cow is Yak cow.
The present invention carries out supplementary feeding to pregnant cow.Embodiments of the invention carry out on Qinghai-Tibet Platean, after entering December, monthly maximum temperature is on average lower than 0 DEG C in Qinghai-Tibet Platean, and due to cold weather, herbage dries up poor nutritional, ox only starts to lose flesh, so the present invention preferably selects to start to carry out supplementary feeding to cow in December.The present invention until cow return herd after supplementary feeding is carried out to cow, more preferably until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to the feed kind of described supplementary feeding and source, adopts ox feed well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, described feed preferably includes green hay and plant flour.In the present invention, described feed preferably includes 2 ~ 4kg green hay and 0.15 ~ 0.35kg plant flour, and in an embodiment of the present invention, the supplementary feeding amount of described green hay can be specially 2kg, 3kg or 4kg; Described plant flour can be specially 0.15kg, 0.25kg or 0.35kg.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to described plant flour, adopts ox plant flour well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, described plant flour is preferably corn flour and/or highland barley powder.The present invention licks brick to described mineral does not have particular/special requirement, adopts ox articles for use mineral well known to those skilled in the art to lick brick.
In the present invention, describedly supplementary feeding is carried out to pregnant cow preferably last till that cow produces.After described pregnant cow calving, the present invention raises the pattern that the nascent calf that production obtains adopts " lactation+herd " to combine.The present invention preferably allows calf suck colostrum in 0.5 ~ 1 hour after birth, allows calf obtain maternal antibody as early as possible.In the present invention, in calf birth 0 ~ 7 day preferably to feed colostrum.In the present invention, when calf reaches 7 age in days, paratyphoid immunity is carried out to calf.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to described paratyphoid immunity medicine used and drug dosage, adopts paratyphoid well known to those skilled in the art immunity medication and consumption.The milk of cow is preferably all used for calf lactation by the present invention before calf wean, does not carry out hand milking.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to the time that calf starts to herd, and just starts to herd with mother after preferred calf birth.
After pregnant cow calving, the present invention raises the pattern that fresh cow adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine.The present invention, preferably between postpartum to calf weaning period, raises the pattern that fresh cow adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine.In the present invention, the process of fresh cow being carried out to supplementary feeding is preferably: until cow return herd after supplementary feeding is carried out to cow, be more preferably until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to the feed kind of described supplementary feeding and source, adopts ox feed well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, describedly preferably include 0.15 ~ 0.35kg plant flour to the feed that fresh cow carries out supplementary feeding, in an embodiment of the present invention, described plant flour can be specially 0.15kg, 0.25kg or 0.35kg.In the present invention, described plant flour is consistent with the technical scheme of plant flour described in technique scheme, does not repeat them here.The present invention licks brick to described mineral does not have particular/special requirement, adopts ox articles for use mineral well known to those skilled in the art to lick brick.
After calf reaches 1 monthly age, the present invention is preferably to calf injection Anthrax vaccine, bovine pasteurellosis inactivated vaccine and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.The dosage of the present invention to described vaccination does not have particular/special requirement, adopts vaccine injection dosage well known to those skilled in the art.The injection sequence of the present invention to described three kinds of vaccines does not have particular/special requirement.In the present invention, three kinds of intervals between vaccine injections are preferably more than 7 days.After calf reaches 2 monthly ages, the present invention preferably carries out inside and outside expelling parasite to calf injection ivermectin and Albendazole; The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to the injection sequence of described ivermectin and Albendazole and the time interval, the injection volume of described ivermectin is preferably 0.01 ~ 0.03mg/kg by calf weighing-machine, and the injection volume of described ivermectin can be specially 0.01mg/kg, 0.02mg/kg or 0.03mg/kg in embodiments of the present invention; The injection volume of described Albendazole is preferably 9 ~ 11mg/kg by calf weighing-machine, and the injection volume of described Albendazole can be specially 9mg/kg, 10mg/kg or 11mg/kg in embodiments of the present invention.
After calf reaches 1 monthly age, preferably to cow injection Anthrax vaccine, bovine pasteurellosis inactivated vaccine and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.The dosage of the present invention to described vaccination does not have particular/special requirement, adopts vaccine injection dosage well known to those skilled in the art.The injection sequence of the present invention to described three kinds of vaccines does not have particular/special requirement.In the present invention, three kinds of intervals between vaccine injections are preferably more than 7 days.After cow reaches 2 monthly ages, preferably inside and outside expelling parasite is carried out to cow injection ivermectin and Albendazole; The injection sequence of the present invention to described ivermectin and Albendazole does not have particular/special requirement, the injection volume of described ivermectin is preferably 0.01 ~ 0.03mg/kg by cow weight, and the injection volume of described ivermectin can be specially 0.01mg/kg, 0.02mg/kg or 0.03mg/kg in embodiments of the present invention; The injection volume of described Albendazole is preferably 9 ~ 11mg/kg by cow weight, and the injection volume of described Albendazole can be specially 9mg/kg, 10mg/kg or 11mg/kg in embodiments of the present invention.
The present invention, to be searched for food training to calf after 25 ~ 35 days in calf birth.The present invention, preferably after calf is born 1 monthly age, to be searched for food training to calf.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to described concrete grammar of searching for food training, adopts well known to those skilled in the artly to train searching for food of carrying out of calf.Adopt application number ox disclosed in the Chinese patent of 201420114568.1 only to cross in embodiments of the invention young to search for food training to calf every female fine fodder supplementary feeding device, be specially the dividing plate and dodge gate that first remove this supplementary feeding device, after returning and herd every day, put into supplementary feeding fine fodder, cow and calf can be searched for food, lure calf to be familiar with the supplementary feeding of supplementary feeding device and supplementary feeding fine fodder.After 15 days, calf gets into the swing of does not fear supplementary feeding device, and after starting and searching for food, what very important person was installs mother and sons' dividing plate, calf can only be made to free in and out and search for food, and restriction cow strives food calf supplementary feeding material.
The present invention, after calf is born 3 monthly ages, weans to calf.In the present invention, the body weight of described Weaned calves is preferably at more than 55kg.In the present invention, preferably the calf of wean is separated with cow, herd separately in high-quality pasture.In the present invention, probiotics is added in the drinking water of the calf preferably after wean.The source of the present invention to described probiotics does not have particular/special requirement, adopts probiotics well known to those skilled in the art, as being the commercial goods of probiotics.In the present invention, described probiotics preferably includes one or more in Bacillus acidi lactici, Bifidobacterium and bacillus, more preferably comprise the Bacillus acidi lactici, one or more Bifidobacterium and bacillus that obtain from Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral, described probiotics is preferably placed on low temperature cool place place.In the present invention, the addition of described probiotics in described drinking water adds to specifications.
After calf wean, the present invention preferably raises the pattern that the cow after wean adopts "+supplementary feeding is herded in prolongation " to combine.The present invention preferably select multiparity 2 ~ 4 tire, physically fit and without reproductive disease cow set up ginseng join cow group.In embodiments of the present invention, described cow can be specially multiparity 2 tire, multiparity 3 tire or multiparity 4 tire.The cohort quantity that described ginseng joins cow group is preferably 50 ~ 100, is more preferably 60 ~ 90, most preferably is 70 ~ 80.In the present invention, described prolongation is herded and is preferably extended 1 ~ 3 hour, and in embodiments of the present invention, described time expand can be specially 1 hour, 2 hours or 3 hours; Be more preferably and early go out to herd 1 hour morning, postpone receipts evening and herd 1 hour.
In the present invention, preferably to the cow after described wean carry out supplementary feeding elect as until cow return herd after supplementary feeding is carried out to cow, be more preferably until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to the feed kind of described supplementary feeding and source, adopts ox feed well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, described feed preferably includes 0.4 ~ 0.6kg plant flour, and in an embodiment of the present invention, described plant flour can be specially 0.4kg, 0.5kg or 0.6kg.In the present invention, described plant flour is consistent with the technical scheme of plant flour described in technique scheme, does not repeat them here.The present invention licks brick to described mineral does not have particular/special requirement, adopts ox articles for use mineral well known to those skilled in the art to lick brick.
The present invention preferably with participated in breed April then castration adult steer or male sterile adult public pien niu examination feelings are carried out to cow; the ratio that teaser bull joins cow with ginseng is preferably 1:(13 ~ 17); in embodiments of the present invention, the ratio that described teaser bull and ginseng join cow can be specially 1:13,1:14,1:15,1:16 and 1:17.Return with evening before going out to herd in the morning and herd a rear ox Relatively centralized, the person of herding carefully will identify cow in estrus.Catch up with cow when occurring that teaser bull is vied each other, cow accepts mounting and after there is quiet vertical reflection, just determines that cow starts to oestrus.
The cow of splitting the feelings that start carries out artificial insemination.The test-tube time is preferably: the cow oestrused morning in breeding that afternoon once, breed once again by morning; The cow oestrused afternoon in breeding the next morning once, breed once again by the second afternoon.The present invention, to the not requirement of described test-tube concrete grammar, adopts test-tube method well known to those skilled in the art.In an embodiment of the present invention, application number is adopted to be an ox semen collection of 201420115396.X, the multiplex Shelf for keeing indirect labor insemination of artificial breeding of inseminating, concrete operations are: entangled by cow with noose, drawn and fixed to an ox semen collection, the multiplex Shelf for keeing of insemination artificial breeding, adopt rectum assurance semen deposition method seminal fluid to be injected the uterine neck internal orifice of cow.In the present invention, described seminal fluid preferably comes from one or more in Jersey, hereford cow or Angus or freezes essence for property control.The cow that first feelings phase does not mix preferably continues to breed according to above-mentioned technology second feelings phase.The present invention preferably throws in bull after entering August, recruits, in order to avoid occur that the cow that artificial insemination is not mixed is nonpregnant.The present invention to when recruiting throw in bull without particular/special requirement, preferred public yak.
After calf wean, after entering December, the present invention preferably raises the pattern that calf adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine with brooder.Same as above, embodiments of the invention carry out on Qinghai-Tibet Platean, Qinghai-Tibet Platean after entering December monthly maximum temperature on average lower than 0 DEG C, due to cold weather, herbage dries up poor nutritional, and ox only starts to lose flesh, so the present invention preferably selects to start to carry out supplementary feeding to Weaned calves in December.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to described supplementary feeding, the present invention until calf return herd after calf be placed in brooder carry out supplementary feeding, preferably until calf return herd after calf is placed in brooder and carries out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to the feed kind of described supplementary feeding and source, adopts ox feed well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, described feed preferably includes green hay and fine fodder.The present invention preferably includes 0.8 ~ 1.2kg green hay and 0.15 ~ 0.35kg fine fodder, and in an embodiment of the present invention, described green hay can be specially 0.8kg, 0.9kg, 1.0kg, 1.1kg or 1.2kg; Described fine fodder can be specially 0.15kg, 0.2kg, 0.25kg, 0.3kg or 0.35kg.The source of the present invention to described fine fodder does not have particular/special requirement, adopts fine fodder well known to those skilled in the art, as being the commercial goods of fine fodder.The present invention licks brick to described mineral does not have particular/special requirement, adopts ox articles for use mineral well known to those skilled in the art to lick brick.In the present invention, described brooder is preferably the close range adopting solar control glass plate to do roof.
The invention provides a kind of method of producing pien niu, comprising: supplementary feeding is carried out to pregnant cow; After calving, the pattern that nascent calf adopts " lactation+herd " to combine is raised, the pattern that fresh cow adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised; Calf birth, after 25 ~ 35 days, to be searched for food training to calf; Calf was born after 3 monthly ages, weaned to calf; The pattern that multiparity cow after wean adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised; The cow of splitting the feelings that start carries out artificial insemination.The supplementary feeding that carries out it in the cow pregnancy duration of method of production pien niu provided by the invention, makes calf have larger birth weight, improve calf be born after survival rate; And owing to being advanced by the weaning time of calf, the cow after wean just started to oestrus at about 1 week again, carried out artificial insemination to the cow oestrused, and made cow can produce a tire every year, improve the reproduction rate of pien niu.
Further, the milk of cow is all more conducive to the growth of calf for the lactation of calf, in addition, the probiotics that bacterial classification derives from Qinghai-Tibet Platean is added after the training of searching for food calf carried out, wean in drinking-water and the pattern that " the herding+supplementary feeding " of taking after entering cold season combines with brooder raises the survival rate being all conducive to improving calf.The raising of calf survival rate further increases the reproduction rate of pien niu.
Face, by conjunction with the embodiment in the present invention, is clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the present invention.Obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the following embodiments, raw material is commercial goods.
Embodiment 1:
In the pastoral area of Qinghai-Tibet Platean, Pregnant cows is from entering December, and 9 o'clock of morning starts to herd on grassland, returns at 7 o'clock of evening to herd rear to cow supplementary feeding green hay 3kg and corn flour 0.25kg, and allows cow freely lick to lick mineral and licks brick;
Be born 0.5 hour relief calf of calf sucks colostrum, and calf carries out the immunity of calf paratyphoid to feed colostrum in postnatal first 7 days during 7 age in days.Herd with mother after calf birth, people is not for milking for cow, and whole milk is used for calf lactation.The cow in postpartum returns herds rear supplementary feeding corn flour 0.25kg, and allows cow freely lick to lick mineral and lick brick.Calf starts to cow and calf dosage injection Anthrax vaccine, bovine pasteurellosis inactivated vaccine and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine routinely after reaching a monthly age, often kind of intervals between vaccine injections 7d.All inject ivermectin to cow and calf after calf reaches two monthly ages and Albendazole carries out inside and outside expelling parasite, the consumption of two kinds of reagent is respectively 0.02mg/kg body weight and 10mg/kg body weight.
After calf is born 30 days, the ox utilizing the patent No. to be ZL201420114568.1 only crosses young every female fine fodder supplementary feeding device, select the special supplementary feeding fine fodder of calf to start training to search for food: the dividing plate and the dodge gate that first remove this supplementary feeding device, after returning and herd every day, put into supplementary feeding fine fodder, cow and calf can be searched for food, lure calf to be familiar with the supplementary feeding of supplementary feeding device and supplementary feeding fine fodder.After 15 days, calf gets into the swing of does not fear supplementary feeding device, and after starting a small amount of searching for food, what very important person was installs mother and sons' dividing plate, calf can only be made to free in and out and search for food, and restriction cow strives food calf supplementary feeding material.
To reaching 3 monthly ages and body weight weans the calf of more than 55kg.The calf of wean will herd separately the high-quality pasture of herding in special taboo, isolates, guarantee that calf has enough herbage to search for food with fence and cow.To give simultaneously calf supplementary feeding with search for food train time identical calf supplementary feeding material, allow its free choice feeding.Will add probiotics to inside the drinking-water of calf, this drinking trough will be placed in the cool, avoids intensive ultraviolet direct sunlight.
After calf wean, every 50 cows are set up into a ginseng and joins cow group.Cow after the wean of cohort relief early goes out to herd 1 hour and returns evening compared with originally herds 1 hour.Until cow herd return after supplementary feeding corn flour 0.5kg, and allow cow freely lick to lick mineral and lick brick.
Select the adult steer of castration in April then to carry out examination feelings to cow, the ratio that teaser bull joins cow with ginseng is 1:15.Return with evening before going out to herd in the morning and herd a rear ox Relatively centralized, the person of herding carefully will identify cow in estrus.Catch up with cow when occurring that teaser bull is vied each other, cow to appear accepts mounting, after there is quiet vertical reflection, just determines that cow starts to oestrus.The ox oestrused morning in breeding that afternoon once, breed once again by morning, and the ox oestrused afternoon in breeding the next morning once, breed once again by the second afternoon.Breeding adopts test-tube method to carry out, and concrete operations are: entangled by cow with noose, is drawn and fixes to an ox semen collection, the multiplex Shelf for keeing of insemination artificial breeding, adopts rectum assurance semen deposition method seminal fluid to be injected the uterine neck internal orifice of cow.Described seminal fluid comes from Jersey.The cow that first feelings phase does not mix preferably continues to breed according to above-mentioned technology second feelings phase.Throw in public yak after entering August, recruit, in order to avoid cow is nonpregnant, cause unnecessary loss.
Cow starts rutting, laggard row artificial insemination of oestrusing in about 1 week after wean.
Calf, wean about a week, has Oedipus complex, and the feed intake of fine fodder and herbage is less, subsequently feed intake will start increase, herbage, mineral lick brick, containing probiotics water let alone search for food, after fine fodder feed intake reaches 0.25kg, no longer will increase fine fodder supplementary feeding amount.After entering December, return every day and herd rear to calf supplementary feeding green hay 1kg, supplementary feeding fine fodder 0.25kg, and allow calf freely lick to lick mineral and lick brick, abundance drinks light water, until herd with jumpbogroup after one full year of life.
Management after cow gestation is the same.
In the present embodiment, cow annual calving 1 tire, and calving 96% survives, and improves the reproduction rate of pien niu.
Embodiment 2:
In Qinghai-Tibet pastoral area, Pregnant cows is from entering December, and 9 o'clock of morning starts to herd on grassland, returns at 7 o'clock of evening to herd rear to cow supplementary feeding green hay 3kg and highland barley powder 0.25kg, and allows cow freely lick to lick mineral and licks brick.
Be born 1 hour relief calf of calf sucks colostrum, and calf carries out the immunity of calf paratyphoid to feed colostrum in postnatal first 7 days during 7 age in days.Herd with mother after calf birth, people is not for milking for cow, and whole milk is used for calf lactation.The cow in postpartum returns herds rear supplementary feeding highland barley powder 0.25kg, and allows cow freely lick to lick mineral and lick brick.Calf starts to cow and calf dosage injection Anthrax vaccine, bovine pasteurellosis inactivated vaccine and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine routinely after reaching a monthly age, often kind of intervals between vaccine injections 7d.All inject ivermectin to cow and calf after calf reaches two monthly ages and Albendazole carries out inside and outside expelling parasite, the consumption of two kinds of reagent is respectively 0.02mg/kg body weight and 10mg/kg body weight.
After calf is born 30 days, the ox utilizing the patent No. to be ZL201420114568.1 only crosses young every female fine fodder supplementary feeding device, select the special supplementary feeding fine fodder of calf to start training to search for food: the dividing plate and the dodge gate that first remove this supplementary feeding device, after returning and herd every day, put into supplementary feeding fine fodder, cow and calf can be searched for food, lure calf to be familiar with the supplementary feeding of supplementary feeding device and supplementary feeding fine fodder.After 15 days, calf gets into the swing of does not fear supplementary feeding device, and after starting a small amount of searching for food, what very important person was installs mother and sons' dividing plate, calf can only be made to free in and out and search for food, and restriction cow strives food calf supplementary feeding material.
To reaching 3 monthly ages and body weight weans the calf of more than 55kg.After calf wean, allow the cow after weaning early go out to herd 1 hour and to return evening compared with originally and herd 1 hour.Until cow herd return after supplementary feeding highland barley powder 0.5kg, and allow cow freely lick to lick mineral and lick brick.
Select the adult steer of castration in April then to carry out examination feelings to cow, the ratio that teaser bull joins cow with ginseng is 1:15.Return with evening before going out to herd in the morning and herd a rear ox Relatively centralized, the person of herding carefully will identify cow in estrus.Catch up with cow when occurring that teaser bull is vied each other, cow to appear accepts mounting, after there is quiet vertical reflection, just determines that cow starts to oestrus.The ox oestrused morning in breeding that afternoon once, breed once again by morning, and the ox oestrused afternoon in breeding the next morning once, breed once again by the second afternoon.Breeding adopts test-tube method to carry out, and concrete operations are: entangled by cow with noose, is drawn and fixes to an ox semen collection, the multiplex Shelf for keeing of insemination artificial breeding, adopts rectum assurance semen deposition method seminal fluid to be injected the uterine neck internal orifice of cow.Described seminal fluid comes from hereford cow.The cow that first feelings phase does not mix preferably continues to breed according to above-mentioned technology second feelings phase.Throw in public yak after entering August, recruit.
Management after cow gestation is the same.
In the present embodiment, cow annual calving 1 tire, and calving 96% survives, and improves the reproduction rate of pien niu.
Embodiment 3:
In the pastoral area of Qinghai-Tibet Platean, Pregnant cows is from entering December, and 9 o'clock of morning starts to herd on grassland, returns at 7 o'clock of evening to herd rear to cow supplementary feeding green hay 4kg and corn flour 0.25kg, and allows cow freely lick to lick mineral and licks brick;
Be born 0.5 hour relief calf of calf sucks colostrum, and calf carries out the immunity of calf paratyphoid to feed colostrum in postnatal first 7 days during 7 age in days.Herd with mother after calf birth, people is not for milking for cow, and whole milk is used for calf lactation.The cow in postpartum returns herds rear supplementary feeding corn flour 0.25kg, and allows cow freely lick to lick mineral and lick brick.Calf starts to cow and calf dosage injection Anthrax vaccine, bovine pasteurellosis inactivated vaccine and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine routinely after reaching a monthly age, often kind of intervals between vaccine injections 7d.All inject ivermectin to cow and calf after calf reaches two monthly ages and Albendazole carries out inside and outside expelling parasite, the consumption of two kinds of reagent is respectively 0.02mg/kg body weight and 10mg/kg body weight;
After calf is born 30 days, the ox utilizing the patent No. to be ZL201420114568.1 only crosses young every female fine fodder supplementary feeding device, select the special supplementary feeding fine fodder of calf to start training to search for food: the dividing plate and the dodge gate that first remove this supplementary feeding device, after returning and herd every day, put into supplementary feeding fine fodder, cow and calf can be searched for food, lure calf to be familiar with the supplementary feeding of supplementary feeding device and supplementary feeding fine fodder.After 15 days, calf gets into the swing of does not fear supplementary feeding device, and after starting a small amount of searching for food, what very important person was installs mother and sons' dividing plate, calf can only be made to free in and out and search for food, and restriction cow strives food calf supplementary feeding material.
To reaching 3 monthly ages and body weight weans the calf of more than 55kg.The calf of wean will herd separately the high-quality pasture of herding in special taboo, isolates, guarantee that calf has enough herbage to search for food with fence and cow.To give simultaneously calf supplementary feeding with search for food train time identical calf supplementary feeding material, allow its free choice feeding.Will add probiotics to inside the drinking-water of calf, this drinking trough will be placed in the cool, avoids intensive ultraviolet direct sunlight.
After calf wean, allow the cow after weaning early go out to herd 1 hour and to return evening compared with originally and herd 1 hour.Until cow herd return after supplementary feeding corn flour 0.5kg, and allow cow freely lick to lick mineral and lick brick.
Select the adult steer of castration in April then to carry out examination feelings to cow, the ratio that teaser bull joins cow with ginseng is 1:15.Return with evening before going out to herd in the morning and herd a rear ox Relatively centralized, the person of herding carefully will identify cow in estrus.Catch up with cow when occurring that teaser bull is vied each other, cow to appear accepts mounting, after there is quiet vertical reflection, just determines that cow starts to oestrus.The ox oestrused morning in breeding that afternoon once, breed once again by morning, and the ox oestrused afternoon in breeding the next morning once, breed once again by the second afternoon.Breeding adopts test-tube method to carry out, and concrete operations are: entangled by cow with noose, is drawn and fixes to an ox semen collection, the multiplex Shelf for keeing of insemination artificial breeding, adopts rectum assurance semen deposition method seminal fluid to be injected the uterine neck internal orifice of cow.Described seminal fluid comes from Angus.The cow that first feelings phase does not mix preferably continues to breed according to above-mentioned technology second feelings phase.Throw in public yak after entering August, recruit.
Calf, wean about a week, has Oedipus complex, and the feed intake of fine fodder and herbage is less, subsequently feed intake will start increase, herbage, mineral lick brick, containing probiotics water let alone search for food, after fine fodder feed intake reaches 0.25kg, no longer will increase fine fodder supplementary feeding amount.After entering December, every day, calf was placed in brooder by Gui Muhou, and to calf supplementary feeding green hay 1.5kg, supplementary feeding fine fodder 0.25kg, and allow calf freely lick to lick mineral and lick brick, abundance drinks light water, until herd with jumpbogroup after one full year of life.
Management after cow gestation is the same.
In the present embodiment, cow annual calving 1 tire, and calving 96% survives, and improves the reproduction rate of pien niu.
The supplementary feeding that carries out it in the cow pregnancy duration of method of production pien niu provided by the invention, makes calf have larger Birth weight, improve calf be born after survival rate; And owing to being advanced by the weaning time of calf, the cow after wean just started to oestrus at about 1 week again, carried out artificial insemination mating to the cow oestrused, and made cow can produce a tire every year, improve the reproduction rate of pien niu.
Further, the milk of cow is all more conducive to the growth of calf for the lactation of calf, in addition, the pattern that search for food training and " the herding+supplementary feeding " of taking after entering cold season of carrying out calf combine with brooder raises the survival rate being all conducive to improving calf.The raising of calf survival rate further increases the reproduction rate of pien niu.
More than illustrating for possible embodiments of the present invention; this embodiment is intended to illustrate that the present invention can be professional and technical personnel in the field and realizes or use; not for limiting the scope of the claims of the present invention; all equivalences not departing from present invention process method are implemented or change, and all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. produce a method for pien niu, comprise the following steps:
Supplementary feeding is carried out to pregnant cow;
After calving, the pattern that nascent calf adopts " lactation+herd " to combine is raised, the pattern that fresh cow adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine is raised;
Calf birth, after 25 ~ 35 days, to be searched for food training to calf;
Calf was born after 3 monthly ages, weaned to calf;
The pattern that multiparity cow after wean adopts "+supplementary feeding is herded in prolongation " to combine is raised;
The cow of splitting the feelings that start carries out artificial insemination.
2. the method for production pien niu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described time of pregnant cow being carried out to supplementary feeding from gestation December then;
The described supplementary feeding to pregnant cow is specially:
Until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow;
The feed of described supplementary feeding comprises 2 ~ 4kg green hay and 0.15 ~ 0.35kg plant flour.
3. the method for production pien niu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described pattern adopting " lactation+herd " to combine to nascent calf is raised and is specially:
Suck colostrum in 0.5 ~ 1 hour after described calf birth, to feed colostrum, whole milk of cow were used for calf lactation, did not carry out hand milking on 0th ~ 7;
Herd with mother after calf birth.
4. the method for production pien niu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described pattern feeding time adopting " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine to fresh cow is for wean from postpartum to calf;
The described pattern adopting " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine to fresh cow is raised and is specially:
Until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow;
The feed of described supplementary feeding comprises 0.15 ~ 0.35kg plant flour.
5. the method for production pien niu according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Weaned calves body weight is at more than 55kg;
The multiparity number of times of described multiparity cow is 2 ~ 4 tires.
6. the method for production pien niu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described pattern adopting "+supplementary feeding is herded in prolongation " to combine to the multiparity cow after wean is raised and is specially:
Grazing time is extended 1 ~ 3 hour;
Until cow return herd after carry out supplementary feeding and lick licking mineral and licking brick to cow;
The feed of described supplementary feeding comprises 0.15 ~ 0.35kg plant flour.
7. the method for the production pien niu according to claim 2 or 6, is characterized in that, described plant flour is corn flour and/or highland barley powder.
8. the method for production pien niu according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described artificial insemination concrete time is: the cow oestrused morning in breeding that afternoon once, breed once again by morning;
The cow oestrused afternoon in breeding the next morning once, breed once again by the second afternoon.
9. the method for production pien niu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, raises, be specially the pattern that the calf after wean adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine:
Calf and cow are isolated and herds;
Probiotics is added in the drinking water of calf;
Mixing veterinary formulations of one or more compositions the Bacillus acidi lactici that described probiotics employing obtains from Qinghai-Tibet Alpine-arctic Pastoral, Bifidobacterium and bacillus.
10. the method for production pien niu according to claim 1, is characterized in that, December, raises, until 1 one full year of life the pattern that calf adopts " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine with brooder;
The described pattern adopting " herding+supplementary feeding " to combine with brooder to calf is raised and is specially:
Treat that calf returns to herd relief calf and enter brooder, supplementary feeding is carried out to calf, drink water and lick and lick mineral and lick brick;
The feed of described supplementary feeding comprises 0.5 ~ 1.5kg green hay and 0.15 ~ 0.35kg fine fodder.
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