RU2583630C1 - Method for increasing reproductive capacity of cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal breeding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to breeding, in particular, to a method for increasing reproductive ability of cows. Method involves introduction of sapropel Orenburg Lake of Yetkulsky region of the Chelyabinsk oblast and used in the form of granules with diameter 0.4-0.6 cm in the shell of expanded vermiculite 0.3-0.5 mm thick. Granules are fed to non-milking cows in the dose 0.90-1.00 g per kg of live weight per head per day in a mixture with concentrated fodder for 14-16 days, then pause is made for 14-16 days; after that, giving additive is repeated in the above dose during 14-16 days.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to easily flow delivery, reduce duration of service and inter-calve periods, improve reproductive capacity factor.

1 cl, 4 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to livestock and can be used in cattle breeding.

One of the reasons restraining the production of livestock products and thereby causing significant economic damage is the violation of the reproductive function of cows.

During pregnancy, mineral metabolism plays an important role for the cow. With a lack of macro- and micronutrients, physiological processes occurring in the cow’s body are disturbed, which negatively affects the growth and development of the fetus, its state of vitality and physiological maturity. As a result, the incidence and mortality of calves increases.

The negative consequences caused by insufficient feeding, poor maintenance and improper use of cows in the dry period cannot be compensated for during lactation. In such animals, the glandular tissue of the udder is poorly developed, there is no sufficient supply of nutrients (proteins, mineral salts and vitamins), they do not come into hunting in a timely manner and are not fertilized.

In the last 60 days of pregnancy, 60-70% of the fetal weight is formed, and in the end, the average daily gain is 800-1000 g. In this regard, the intensity of energy, protein, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism in the body of pregnant animals is significantly increased. In addition, milk yield in future lactation directly depends on the feeding of cows in the dry period. Therefore, at this time it is necessary to create conditions for restoring the normal balance of nutrients.

One of the ways to increase the reproductive function of cows is the use of sapropelic mineral supplements with the ability to regulate metabolism and correct disorders of the immune system. The normal functioning of the organs and systems of the animal’s body allows maintaining reproduction at an optimal level and maximizing offspring and milk production. The prophylactic efficacy of sapropel and its derivatives to increase reproductive function has not been adequately studied, although currently available literature data prove the promise of this research area (V.N. Baksheev, 1982; T.M. Tronova, 1993, V.A. Antipov, 2004; V.K. Pestis, 2006).

A known method of increasing the reproductive ability of cattle using sapropel as a stimulant. Sapropel was introduced into the diet of cows in an amount of 3% by weight of dry matter throughout lactation. Mineral and biologically active substances contained in sapropels determine the activation of physiological processes in the animal organism, contribute to a more complete assimilation of nutrients in the main diet. The inclusion of sapropel fodder additives in the diets of livestock improves the activity of blood formation and blood circulation systems, the stomach, as a result of which the incidence decreases, and resistance to adverse environmental influences increases. Sapropel has a stimulating effect on the reproductive system of cows, while large-fruited, multi-fertility, and the safety of young animals increases. Animals receiving sapropel in their diets are distinguished by good appetite and great fatness, which leads both to an increase in the yield of meat and dairy products per unit of feed, and to an improvement in the reproductive function of cows (V.K. Pestis, V.A. Revyako, V. F. Kovalevsky, 2004).

The disadvantage of feeding sapropel for a long time without a break is a violation of the processes of cicatricial digestion, which is manifested in an increase in the pH of the chyme, a shift in the fermentation processes towards the formation of butyric acid, worsening conditions for the existence of microflora and a decrease in the synthesis of microbial protein.

Studies by a number of scientists have established that the introduction of 0.8-1 kg of sapropel into the diet of animals per head per day during the dry period and the milking period stimulates earlier puberty, and the manifestation of puberty, increases fertility, large-fruited. Sapropel contributes to an increase in the primary and at various stages of maturation of the follicles in the ovaries of cows due to the presence of hormone-like substances in it that affect the sexual function of animals. The authors claim that natural sapropel contains mainly estrogenic hormone-like substances and gonadotrophic hormones (P.F. Soldatenkov, 1962; A.D. Veselov, 1964; A.N. Eliseev, 1968).

A known method of increasing the reproductive ability of cattle using as a stimulant sapropel in the amount of 1.5 kg per head per day, gradually increasing the dosage to 3 kg. G.A. Evdokimova (1984) studied the effect of sapropel on fertilization, fruiting, growing, the postpartum period and the onset of the first sexual cycle after childbirth. In addition to the main diet, the experimental group of cows was given sapropel individually, mixing it with succulent feed. In cows treated with the mineral supplement, the placenta was separated 1.5-3 hours after the birth of the fetus, which was 9 times faster than in the control peers, in 25% of which the retention of the placenta was also observed. In animals of the experimental group, normalization of the uterus and atresia of the corpus luteum passed 3 times faster, sexual hunting occurred much earlier. The disadvantage of the prototype is the deterioration of feed intake due to the one-time supply of a large amount of sapropel. At the same time, a significant part of sapropel and succulent fodder remains uneaten in the feeder. The animal does not receive the necessary amount of nutrients and energy, which entails a failure in energy, protein, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism.

A known method of using sapropel to increase the milk productivity of cows. Sapropel (deposits of Lake Orenburg, Etkulsky District, Chelyabinsk Region), based on a weight of 780-800 g, add 200-220 g of expanded vermiculite of the Potanensky field and mix, the finished preparation is fed to the animal at a dose of 0.70-1.20 g per kilogram of live weight per head per day for 14-16 days, then make a 14-16-day break, giving additives according to this scheme is carried out three times (patent No. 2475040).

Depending on the physical form, mineral top dressing can have varying degrees of eatability. A significant drawback of a mixture of sapropel and vermiculite in the form of a powder is the inability to maintain a clear ratio of the components of the mixture due to their different densities. When mixing a mixture of sapropel and vermiculite with concentrates and eating animal feed, part of the sapropel and vermiculite remains in the feeder. In this case, the ratio of the components of the mixture is violated and the effectiveness of the action on cicatricial digestion of cows and metabolism is somewhat lost. Therefore, it is necessary to create a form of supplementation in which it will be possible to maintain the ratio of sapropel and vermiculite during feeding. In addition, the above method does not improve the reproductive properties of cows.

The aim of the invention was to develop a more efficient way to increase the reproductive function of cows by including additives in the diet of animals in the form of sapropel granules in Lake Orenburg, Etkulsky District, Chelyabinsk Region in a shell of expanded vermiculite. Sapropel is used in the form of granules with a diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm in a shell of expanded vermiculite 0.3-0.5 mm thick. Granules are fed to dry cows at a dose of 0.90-1.00 g per kg of live weight per head per day in a mixture with concentrated feed once a day for 14-16 days, then take a break of 14-16 days. After that, giving the additive is repeated for 14-16 days at the above dose.

Of the public literature, unknown technical solutions that provide for the use of sapropel in a shell of vermiculite.

Thus, the claimed method meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty." Analysis of the prototype and other similar methods in this field of livestock did not reveal signs similar to the claimed solution, which allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "inventive step". Testing the method in agricultural production showed that the invention is industrially applicable.

Studies on the use of sapropel in cattle feed have shown that sapropel supplements to the main diet help restore reproductive function in chronic catarrhal endometritis in 78%, with persistent corpus luteum - in 87%, with follicular cysts - in 70% of cows. The therapeutic effect of sapropel is associated with its versatile pathogenetic effect on metabolic processes in the body of cows. With delayed involution of the uterus, it grew after growth, with a delay of suckers in all cows, estrus started in 19-21 days. Intensive growth of follicles and the formation of a graaf bubble were established in the ovaries, which allows counting on fruitful insemination 21 days after calving.

Execution example. To test the effectiveness of this method, an experiment was conducted on the basis of LLC "Yasnaya Polyany" of the Troitsky district of the Chelyabinsk region. To conduct research, we took dry cows of the Simmental breed of Austrian breeding at the age of three years with an average live weight of 650 kg and formed three groups on the basis of pairs of analogues. During the study, all animals were in the same conditions of feeding and keeping in a 4-row barn on a leash. In the summer, during the daytime, the animals were in the pasture, at night - indoors. In the winter, during the daytime, the animals were provided with active exercise in a walking yard in fine weather, the rest of the time the cows were kept indoors.

The additive is prepared as follows. Sapropel in the amount of 789.474 kg through a high-speed mechanical impact passes the activation process in order to give it plastic properties. At the second stage, sapropel is formed in the form of “vermicelli”, after which 210.526 kg of expanded vermiculite is sprayed onto it. At the final stage, granules are formed. The new form of the supplement was called saproverm Energy Etkulya (saproverm).

The obtained sapropel granules of the Orenburg Lake deposit in the Etkul region of the Chelyabinsk region with a diameter of 0.5 cm in a shell of 0.4 mm thick expanded vermiculite (saproverm) were fed to animals at a dose of 0.95 g per kg of live weight per head per day in a mixture with concentrated feed one once a day for 15 days, then took a 15-day break. Introduction to the diet of the additive was carried out according to the specified scheme twice. Feeding all animals during the experiment was the same, using the same feed. In addition to the main diet, cows of the experimental group I received sapropel from the Orenburg Lake deposit in the Etkul district of the Chelyabinsk region in the amount of 0.75 g / kg body weight per head per day. The cows of the second experimental group were supplemented with the Energy Etkul saproverm in the amount of 0.95 g / kg live weight per head per day.

Sapropel and Energy Etkulya saproverm were given in a mixture with concentrated feed during morning feeding for 15 days. The introduction of additives into the diet was carried out in the indicated sequence twice with an interval between the introduction of additives into the diet for 15 days. In the course of scientific and industrial experience, we used the sapropel of Lake Orenburg in the Etkul region of the Chelyabinsk region (subsoil user of NPO Organika LLC) and expanded vermiculite.

Studied indicators of the reproductive ability of cows.

During the scientific experiment, the animals of the control group had sufficient fatness, which was rated at 3.0 points. The fatness of the cows of the experimental groups was 3.5 points, which is optimal for the dry period.

The more optimal fatness of the cows of the experimental groups contributed to a better recovery of the body after calving. So, the fatness of the cows of the experimental groups during the insemination period was 2.5 points, while this indicator in the control group was lower by 0.3 points and amounted to 2.2 points, which is insufficient for the normal functioning of the body and the manifestation of reproductive function.

Calving usually proceeds spontaneously and lasts about half an hour. The birth processes in animals of all groups proceeded at physiological times. In the control group, the normal course of labor was found in 80% of the cows, in the experimental group I 15% more. In all animals of the II experimental group, calving passed without complications. Cases of birth complications in the control and experimental groups I were associated with improper presentation of the fetus, which necessitated obstetric intervention (Table 1).

Regarding the obtained offspring, it should be noted that in the control group of 20 calves, one was stillborn, which amounted to 5%. There were no stillbirths in the experimental groups.

In the control group, retention of the placenta was found in three animals, which amounted to 15% of the livestock of the group. In the experimental groups, there was no sequelae retention.

The longest period of elimination of the placenta is set in the control group. The introduction of sapropel and saproverm into the diet of dry cows contributed to a significant reduction in the time of placenta excretion in animals of the first experimental group by 24.6% at P <0.05, in the second experimental group - 1.64 times at P <0.001 relative to control peers.

Improving the course of childbirth in the experimental groups had a positive effect on the course of the postpartum period (Table 2).

Based on the research results, it can be noted that the number of cows with a physiological course of the postpartum period in the experimental groups was 1.81 times more than in the control.

The restoration of the reproductive function of cows after calving largely depends on the nature of the course of the postpartum period. The problem of postpartum uterine involution in cows is currently very common. One of the main reasons contributing to the occurrence of subinvolution of the uterus in cows is the lack of mineral substances in the diet or their imbalance. In cows of the experimental groups, cases of uterine subinvolution have not been established. In the control group, the uterus did not recover at normal times in 6 cows, which was 30% more than in animals treated with sapropel and saproverm.

In the control group, 2 cases of acute endometritis were established, which amounted to 10% of the group livestock. In animals, experimental groups of uterine diseases were not.

The use of sapropel and saproverm as a prophylaxis of uterine subinvolution allowed to accelerate the cleansing of the uterus from lochia and better prepare it for a new pregnancy. This contributed to the faster arrival of experimental groups of cows into the hunt relative to control peers, allowed them to fruitfully inseminate from 1-2 times and reduce the days of infertility (Table 3).

In our studies, in the 1st month after calving, 20% of the cows of the control group came into the hunt. The introduction of sapropel and saproverm into the diet of cows made it possible to increase this indicator in the experimental groups by 1.5 and 1.75 times. In the 2nd month after calving, almost the same number of cows came to the hunt in all groups. The difference between the control and experimental groups was 5% (1 cow). In the 3rd month after calving, 25% of the cows of the control group, 10% of the cows in the I and 5% of the cows in the II experimental groups came to the hunt.

Timely determination of sexual hunting increases fertility from the first insemination to 60%. Based on the results of the studies, all the cows of the control and experimental groups were fruitfully inseminated, while the fertility from the first insemination in the control group was 40%, in the experimental group - 1.48 and 1.50 times higher.

The insemination index characterizes the number of inseminations spent on one fertilization. Insemination results are considered optimal if the index is 1.5, good - 1.6-1.8, satisfactory - 1.9-2.0, bad - 2.1 or more.

In the control group, the most inseminations were required per fertilization and the index was 1.89. In the experimental groups, its value was lower by 16.4 and 20.6%. This indicates the ability of sapropel and saproverm to increase the efficiency of insemination of cows.

Data on the reproductive qualities of animals are presented in table 4.

Based on the research results, the duration of the service period in animals of all groups was within normal limits. It was the longest in cows of the control group — 86 days, which was 8 and 14 days more than in the experimental groups I and II, or 9.31% and 16.28%, respectively.

In our studies, the dry period in all groups of cows had an optimal duration. The introduction of sapropel and saproverm into the diet of cows contributed to its reduction in the experimental group by 6 days (8.7%), in the experimental group II - by 9 days (13%; P <0.001).

The longest period between calving was in the cows of the control group (369 days), which was longer than in the cows of the experimental group for 15 days (4.01%; P <0.05), the experimental group for 24 days (6, 51%; P <0.001).

The coefficient of reproductive ability (FAC) in animals of the control group was 1.01. The introduction of sapropel and saproverm into the diet of cows made it possible to reliably reduce PAC in the experimental group I by 5% (P <0.05), in the experimental group II - by 7% (P <0.001).

The intensity of reproduction is characterized by such an indicator as the number of calves per 100 heads of breeding stock per year. Normally, one calf is obtained from each cow in the herd.

In our studies, the calf yield in the experimental groups of cows was 100%, which was higher than in the control group by 5%. This is due to the fact that in the control group 1 calf was stillborn.

Thus, a method for increasing the reproductive capacity of cattle using the feed additive Energia Etkulia saproverm in the form of sapropel granules of Lake Orenburg, Etkulsky district of the Chelyabinsk region with a diameter of 0.5 cm in a shell of expanded vermiculite with a thickness of 0.4 mm contributes to a better course of labor and postpartum period, a significant improvement in the reproductive abilities of cows, a reduction in the number of stillborn calves, elimination of cases of uterine disease, and a reduction in the duration of servings s- and inter-hotel periods, coming to the hunt in more optimal terms, improving the reproductive capacity coefficient and reducing the insemination index.

The use of sapropel and saproverm in feeding has a beneficial effect on a number of physiological processes in the animal organism, which is confirmed by morphological and biochemical blood parameters of the cows of the experimental groups.

The introduction of mineral additives into the diet contributed to an increase in the concentration of hemoglobin, the number of formed elements, and the content of total protein and its fractions in the blood of cows from the experimental groups relative to control analogues. This indicates a higher intensity of the course of metabolic processes in their body. An increase in the activity of aminotransferases in cows of the experimental groups indicates an increase in the intensity of protein metabolism, which is confirmed by an increase in the concentration of total protein in blood serum. An increase in the activity of AcAT and AlAT is associated with intensive growth of the fetus in the dry period, during which the intensity of the course of biochemical processes in the animal organism increases.

Based on the research results, sapropel and saproverm contribute to the improvement of cicatricial digestion by optimizing the hydrogen index, the content of volatile fatty acids and improving their ratio. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the number of cicatricial microflora, an increase in the cellulolytic activity of bacteria, and an improvement in the enzymatic processes in the rumen of animals of the experimental groups.

Thus, the use of sapropel separately and in the form of granules with a shell of vermiculite in feeding dry cows has a beneficial effect on the course of a number of physiological processes in the body, which is reflected in hematological indices, indices of cicatricial digestion, and, as a consequence, on the reproductive ability of cattle.

Thus, the advantage of the claimed method, in comparison with the prototype and other proposals in this area, allows us to recommend a method of increasing the reproductive ability of cows, including the sapropel feed additive saproverm “Energy Etkul” in the form of sapropel granules of Lake Orenburg, Etkul district of the Chelyabinsk region with a diameter of 0.4- 0.6 cm in a shell of expanded vermiculite 0.3-0.5 mm thick at a dose of 0.9-1.0 g per kg live weight per head per day for 14-16 days with an interval of 14-16 days, to improve reproductive functions th cows. The introduction of a feed additive according to this scheme is carried out twice.

Information sources

1. Antipov, V.A. Recommendations for the use in livestock and poultry of sapropel of the Omsk region and its products / V.A. Antipov, Yu.E. Battle, E.I. Voshchatinsky. - Omsk, 2004 .-- 20 s.

2. Baksheev, V.N. The effectiveness of the use of sapropel in animal husbandry: Fact sheet No. 131 / Tyumen TSNTI. - Tyumen, 1982. - 3 p.

3. Veselov, A.D. Stimulating effect of sapropel on the reproductive function of animals: Abstract. dis ... cand. biol. Science. - Sverdlovsk. - 1964. - 23 p.

4. Evdokimova, G.A. Sapropelic feed additives a source of increasing livestock productivity / G.A. Evdokimova, M.Z. Lopotko, S.K. Dubinin // Peat industry. - 1984. - No. 3. - S. 21-23.

5. Eliseev, A.N. Sapropel of Lake Aramashkovskoye and its effect when fed to the sexual function of cows, growth and development of calves: Abstract. dis ... cand. s. sciences. - Sverdlovsk. - 1968. - 20 p.

6. Soldatenkov, P. F. The effect of sapropels on physiological processes in the animal organism // Tr. Sverdlovsk agricultural Institute. - 1962. - Issue. 10. - S. 249-260.

7. Tronova, T.M. Questions of biological activity and storage of therapeutic sapropels of Siberia for intra-resort use / T.M. Tronova, G.N. Sidorenko, N.K. Dzhabarova and others // Issues of balneology, physiotherapy and physical therapy, - 1993, - No. 3, - S. 61-64.

8. Pestis, V.K. The use of lake sapropels as a filler of premixes for cattle / V.K. Pestis, V.A. Revyako, V.F. Kovalevsky // Agriculture - Problems and Prospects: A Collection of Scientific Papers / Educational Institution "Grodno State Agrarian University". - Grodno, 2004 .-- T. 3, part 4. - S. 4-7.

9. Pestis, V.K. Sapropel in the diets of cattle: [monograph] / V.K. Pestis, V.A. Revyako; Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus, Educational Institution "Grodno State Agrarian University". - Grodno, 2006 .-- 107 p.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the reproductive ability of cows, including the introduction of sapropel into the diet, characterized in that the sapropel of Lake Orenburg in the Etkul region of the Chelyabinsk region is used in the form of granules with a diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm in a shell of expanded vermiculite 0.3-0.5 mm thick , the granules are fed to dry cows at a dose of 0.90-1.00 g per kg of live weight per head per day in a mixture with concentrated feed for 14-16 days, then take a break of 14-16 days, after which the supplement is repeated in the above dose for 14- 16 days