CN111903612B - Feeding method for breeding donkey in northern farming-grazing staggered manner - Google Patents
Feeding method for breeding donkey in northern farming-grazing staggered manner Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/20—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for horses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for taking donkeys in a northern farming-pasturing staggered manner, and belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding. The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps: feeding pregnant donkey in stages, and feeding in a mode of barn feeding, grazing and health care; feeding the lactating donkey in stages, and feeding in a mode of shed feeding, extended grazing and health care; feeding the newborn foals by sucking colostrums firstly and adopting a breast-feeding and breast-replacing mode from the 6 th day to the 6 th month of the birth; the foals are weaned after being born for 6 months, and are fed in a mode of barn feeding, grazing and health care. The breeding method provided by the invention adopts staged breeding in both gestation period and lactation period of the female donkey, fully considers the requirements of the donkey colt on growth and development in different stages, and improves the survival rate of the donkey colt after birth; because the donkey colt begins to supplement the milk powder at the 6 th day after the birth, the growth and development of the donkey colt after the birth can be effectively ensured, and the breeding survival rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method for breeding donkey in a northern farming-pasturing staggered manner.
Background
The donkey is a single-stomach herbivorous livestock, has mild temperament, is easy to be domesticated by people, has strong endurance, small stride, quick transportation, excellent force, long continuous working life and excellent service performance. The ass meat is delicious, tender and succulent, and has dietetic therapy and health promotion effects. The donkey hide is the only legal raw material for preparing the traditional Chinese medicine donkey-hide gelatin and has important medicinal value. The donkey milk has the components and protein similar to that of human milk, and has the features of low fat, high milk protein, high lactose, etc. The short donkey and the miniature donkey can be used as the donkey for companion because of their small and mild body. Donkey has strong disease resistance and is resistant to rough feeding, and is favored to live in warm and dry areas. The northern farming-grazing staggered zone is a climate intersection zone of a semi-humid area and a semi-arid area, mainly comprises a desertification degradation area along the great wall, a loess hilly gully water and soil loss area and a Kyojin Ji water conservation area, and donkey is an important livestock species of the northern farming-grazing staggered zone.
Under the existing semi-farming and semi-pasturing conditions, the female donkey is generally bred within 3 to 6 months, the colt is produced within 3 to 6 months in the next year, the colt is weaned within 6 months, and the female donkey begins to breed within the first or second oestrus period after delivery. Due to factors such as lack of breeding technology, insufficient nutrition, diseases and the like, the female donkeys can be successfully pregnant only in the second to fourth oestrus periods, even can be frequently infertile, and the survival rate of the colts is not high, so that the colts are produced at a longer interval. The female donkeys produce one fetus in one and a half years or two years, and most of the female donkeys only produce one colt, so the overall reproduction rate is low, and the development of the donkey industry is influenced.
In order to improve the propagation rate of donkey, the method applied in the prior art mainly increases the feeding amount of concentrated feed in feed, and the single method has low effect and is difficult to obtain ideal results.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the objects and other advantages of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for raising donkey in staggered zones in farming and grazing in north, which starts from both the mother donkey and the donkey colt and can effectively improve the breeding rate of donkey.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
feeding pregnant donkey in stages, and feeding in a mode of 'barn feeding + grazing + health care';
feeding lactating donkey in stages in a mode of 'house feeding + prolonged grazing + health care';
feeding the newborn foals by a breast-feeding and breast-replacing mode from 6 days to 6 months after birth by sucking colostrums firstly;
after 6 months of birth, the foal is weaned, and the weaned foal is fed in a mode of 'barn feeding, grazing and health care'.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the pregnant donkey is fed in stages, and the stages of the staged feeding in the mode of 'barn feeding + grazing + health care' are divided into four stages of 1-3 months of gestation, 4-9 months of gestation, 10 months of gestation to the 15 th day before the expected delivery period and 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foal production; wherein, the concentrated feed accounts for 18-20% of the total weight of the ration for 1-3 months of gestation, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.1-11.3%; the concentrated feed accounts for 24-26% of the total weight of the ration in the 4-9 months of pregnancy, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.4-11.6%; the concentrated feed accounts for 29 to 31 percent of the total weight of the ration from 10 months of gestation to 15 days before the expected date of delivery, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.7 to 11.9 percent; from the 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foals, the total weight of the daily ration is reduced by 30-35% on the basis of the previous stage.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the feeding in the "barn feeding + grazing + health care" mode is specifically:
grazing in a grassland every 4 months, 1 day to 11 months and 30 days every day, and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 06:00 to 20:00 to the next day; freely moving in a playground at a ratio of 08:00-18:00 every day and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 18: 00-next day at 08:00 every 12 months for 1 day to 3 months for 31 days next year;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time each day of 05:30 and 20:30 every 4 months to 11 months to 30 days every year; feeding concentrated feed 1 time each day at ratio of 06:30, 12:30 and 18:30 for 12 months and 1 day-3 months and 31 days next year, and supplementing corn stalk or millet stalk 4-6 kg.
Further, in the technical scheme, the concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of corn, 32-38 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of bran, 6-8 parts of alfalfa meal, 3-5 parts of carrot, 2-2.5 parts of calcium powder and 0.5-1 part of salt;
chinese herbal medicine additives are added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additives and the concentrated feed are 30-50g:80-100kg according to the weight ratio; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of dried orange peel, 6-8 parts of dandelion, 1-2 parts of honeysuckle, 6-10 parts of acalypha australis and 10-12 parts of chrysanthemum; the preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, herba Taraxaci, flos Lonicerae, herba Acalyphae, and flos Chrysanthemi at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder.
Further, in the technical scheme, the lactating donkey is fed in stages, and the stages of feeding in stages in a mode of 'house feeding + extended grazing + health care' are divided into 1-3 months of lactation and 4-6 months of lactation; wherein, the lactation period is 1-3 months, the concentrated feed accounts for 49% -51% of the total weight of the ration, and the protein content of the whole ration is 12.4% -12.6%; the concentrated feed accounts for 34-36% of the total weight of the ration in 4-6 months of lactation, and the protein content of the whole ration is 10.9-11.1%.
Further, in the technical scheme, the lactating donkey is fed in a mode of 'barn feeding + extended grazing + health care' for a period from the time of delivery to weaning of the foal for 6 months; the method for prolonging grazing specifically comprises the steps of prolonging grazing time for 2 hours every day, grazing the lactating mother donkey at a ratio of 05:00-21:00 every day in a grassland, and feeding the lactating mother donkey at a ratio of 21: 00-05: 00 every next day;
1 to 11 months and 30 days every 4 months to 11 months, and the lactating donkey is fed with concentrated feed for 1 time at a ratio of 04:30 and a ratio of 21:30 respectively every day;
the concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of corn, 30-35 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of bran, 7-10 parts of alfalfa meal, 3-5 parts of carrot, 2-2.5 parts of calcium powder and 0.5-1 part of salt;
chinese herbal medicine additives are added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, the source of the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additives has no special requirement and is a commercial product, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additives and the concentrated feed are 30-50g:80-100kg according to the weight ratio;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of angelica, 2-4 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 4-6 parts of prepared rhizome of rehmannia, 1-3 parts of ricepaper pith, 2-4 parts of trichosanthes root, 2-4 parts of pangolin scales, 2-4 parts of cowherb seed and 2-4 parts of sweetgum fruit; the preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying radix Angelicae sinensis, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, radix rehmanniae Preparata, medulla Tetrapanacis, Trichosanthis radix, squama Manis, semen Vaccariae, and fructus Lipuidambaris at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the newborn foals are fed with colostrums firstly, and the colostrums are fed in a "lactation + milk generation" mode from 6 days to 6 months after birth as follows: the newborn foal sucks the colostrum firstly for 0 to 5 days after the foal; the newborn foal is fed in a breast-feeding and breast-generation mode from the 6 th day after birth, and the time is from the 6 th day after birth to the weaning of the foal;
the colostrum is sucked by the newborn foal firstly, and the feeding in the 'lactation and milk generation' mode is started on the 6 th day after birth: the donkey colt is fed with the milk replacer for donkey 1.2-2.0g/kg body weight every day except for feeding with mother donkey.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the foal is weaned after being born for 6 months, and the weaned donkey foal is fed in a mode of 'barn feeding + grazing + health care', which specifically includes:
isolating the colt from the female donkey;
the donkey colts weaned before day 11 and 30 days are grazed in a grassland at 06:00-20:00 per day and are fed for 06:00 per 20: 00-next day from the weaning day to day 11 and 30 days; the donkey colt weaned after 11-30 days can freely move in a playground from the milk-off day to 3-31 days in the next year at a ratio of 08:00-18:00 per day, and is fed for a house at a ratio of 18: 00-08: 00 per day;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time at a ratio of 20:30 per day from weaning day to 11 months and 30 days; feeding concentrated feed for 1 time from weaning day to 3 months and 31 days of the next year at a ratio of 12:00 and 19:00 respectively, and supplementing corn straw or millet straw for 2-4 kg;
the concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 23-28 parts of oat, 25-30 parts of corn, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of bran, 5-8 parts of alfalfa meal, 2-2.5 parts of calcium powder and 0.5-1 part of salt.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the microecological preparation is added into the concentrated feed, the source has no special requirement, the concentrated feed is a commercial product, and the weight ratio of the addition amount of the microecological preparation to the concentrated feed is 1-1.2kg:300-350 kg.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the microecological preparation is a mixed veterinary preparation consisting of bacillus, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium; the effective viable bacteria concentration is as follows: bacillus 2X 104-106CFU/g, Lactobacillus 4X 104-106CFU/g, Bifidobacterium 5X 104-106CFU/g。
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a breeding method for taking donkeys in a northern farming-grazing staggered manner, which comprises the following steps: feeding pregnant donkey in stages, and feeding in a mode of 'barn feeding + grazing + health care'; after the colts are produced, the female donkeys are fed in a mode of grazing, extended supplementary feeding and health care; sucking colostrum for the newborn foals, and feeding the newborn foals in a breast-feeding and milk-replacing mode on the 6 th day after birth; weaning the foals 6 months after birth; the weaned donkey colts are fed in a mode of 'barn feeding, grazing and health care'. The breeding method provided by the invention adopts staged breeding in both gestation period and lactation period of the female donkey, fully considers the requirements of the donkey colt on growth and development in different stages, and improves the survival rate of the donkey colt after birth; the replacement powder is supplemented to the colt at the 6 th day after the colt is finished, so that the growth and development of the colt after the colt is finished can be effectively guaranteed, and the survival rate of the breeding is improved; and simultaneously, the body of the donkey can be recovered to be normal as soon as possible. In addition, Chinese herbal medicine additives are added into the female donkey in the gestation period and the lactation period, so that the health care of the female donkey can be promoted, and the immunity and the lactation force of the organism can be improved; the microecological preparation is added into the concentrate feed after the donkey colt is weaned, so that the survival rate of the donkey colt is improved, and the breeding rate of donkey is further improved.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples will allow one of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
A feeding method for northern farming and pasturing staggered donkey carrying comprises the following steps:
the stage feeding stage is divided into four stages from 1-3 months of gestation, 4-9 months of gestation, 10 months of gestation to the 15 th day before the expected delivery period, and the 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foal production. Wherein, the concentrated feed accounts for 18 percent of the total weight of the ration during 1 to 3 months of pregnancy, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.1 percent; the concentrated feed accounts for 24% of the total weight of the ration in the 4-9 months of pregnancy, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.4%; the concentrated feed accounts for 29 percent of the total weight of the ration from 10 months of gestation to 15 days before the expected date of delivery, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.7 percent; from the 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foal production, the total weight of the daily ration is reduced by 30 percent on the basis of the previous period.
The method for feeding pregnant donkey in a 'barn feeding + grazing + health care' mode specifically comprises the following steps:
grazing in a grassland every 4 months, 1 day to 11 months and 30 days every day, and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 06:00 to 20:00 to the next day; freely moving in a playground at a ratio of 08:00-18:00 every day and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 18: 00-next day at 08:00 every 12 months for 1 day to 3 months for 31 days next year;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time each day of 05:30 and 20:30 every 4 months to 11 months to 30 days every year; feeding concentrated feed 1 time each day at ratio of 06:30, 12:30 and 18:30 for 12 months and 1 day-3 months and 31 days next year, and supplementing corn stalk or millet stalk 4 kg.
The concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 45 parts of corn, 33 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of bran, 5 parts of alfalfa meal, 4 parts of carrot, 2 parts of calcium powder and 1 part of salt;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive is added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, the source of the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additive has no special requirement and is a commercial product, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive and the concentrated feed are 30g to 80kg according to the weight ratio.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 3 parts of dried orange peel, 6 parts of dandelion, 1 part of honeysuckle, 6 parts of copperleaf and 10 parts of chrysanthemum. The preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, herba Taraxaci, flos Lonicerae, herba Acalyphae, and flos Chrysanthemi at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder.
The stage of raising the lactating donkey in stages is divided into lactation 1-3 months and lactation 4-6 months. Wherein, the lactation period is 1-3 months, the concentrated feed accounts for 49% of the total weight of the ration, and the protein content of the whole ration is 12.4%; the concentrated feed accounts for 34% of the total weight of the daily ration in 4-6 months of lactation, and the protein content of the whole daily ration is 10.9%.
Feeding lactating donkey in a mode of 'barn feeding, extended grazing and health care' for a period from the time of self-delivery to the time of weaning of foals;
the grazing prolonging specifically is that the grazing time is prolonged by 2 hours every day.
The foals are mostly bred at 4-6 months per year, 1 day at 4 months to 30 days at 11 months, the lactating mother donkeys are grazed at 05:00-21:00 per day in a grassland, and are fed for 21: 00-next day at 05: 00;
the concentrated feed is fed to the lactating donkey 1:30 and 21:30 respectively for 1 time at 1-11 months and 30 days every year at 4 months.
The concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 42 parts of corn, 34 parts of soybean meal, 11 parts of bran, 7 parts of alfalfa meal, 3 parts of carrot, 2 parts of calcium powder and 1 part of salt;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive is added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, the source of the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additive has no special requirement and is a commercial product, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive and the concentrated feed are 30g to 80kg according to the weight ratio.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4 parts of angelica, 2 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 4 parts of prepared rehmannia root, 1 part of ricepaper pith, 2 parts of trichosanthes root, 2 parts of pangolin scales, 2 parts of cowherb seed and 2 parts of sweetgum fruit. The preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying radix Angelicae sinensis, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, radix rehmanniae Preparata, medulla Tetrapanacis, Trichosanthis radix, squama Manis, semen Vaccariae, and fructus Lipuidambaris at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder.
The colostrum is sucked to the newborn foal firstly for 0-5 days after the foal;
the newborn colts are fed in a breast-feeding and breast-generation mode from the 6 th day after the birth for the time from the 6 th day after the birth to the weaning of the colts;
the colostrum is sucked by the newborn foal firstly, and the feeding in the 'lactation and milk generation' mode is started on the 6 th day after birth:
and sucking colostrum 0-5 days after birth of the primary foal. Beginning on the 6 th day after the birth, the donkey colt is fed with the milk replacer for donkey 1.2-2.0g/kg body weight every day except for the breast feeding following the female donkey.
Preferably, the weaned donkey colt is fed in a mode of barn feeding, grazing and health care, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
isolating the colt from the female donkey;
the donkey colts weaned before day 11 and 30 days are grazed in a grassland at 06:00-20:00 per day and are fed for 06:00 per 20: 00-next day from the weaning day to day 11 and 30 days; the donkey colt weaned after 11-30 days can freely move in a playground from the milk-off day to 3-31 days in the next year at a ratio of 08:00-18:00 per day, and is fed for a house at a ratio of 18: 00-08: 00 per day;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time at a ratio of 20:30 per day from weaning day to 11 months and 30 days; feeding concentrated feed for 1 time from weaning day to 3 months and 31 days of the next year at a ratio of 12:00 and 19:00 respectively, and supplementing corn straw or millet straw for 2 kg;
the concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 26 parts of oat, 29 parts of corn, 22 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of bran, 8 parts of alfalfa meal, 2.5 parts of calcium powder and 0.5 part of salt;
the microecologics are added into the concentrated feed, the source has no special requirement, the concentrated feed is a commercial product, and the addition amount of the microecologics and the concentrated feed are 1kg to 300kg in weight ratio;
the microecological preparation is a mixed veterinary preparation consisting of bacillus, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. The effective viable bacteria concentration is as follows: bacillus 2X 104CFU/g, Lactobacillus 4X 104CFU/g, Bifidobacterium 5X 104CFU/g。
And (3) testing: the 40 pregnant donkey was randomly and evenly divided into two groups, i.e. a test group and a control group, with 20 pregnant females in each group. The test group is fed by the feeding method provided by the invention, and the control group is fed by the traditional feeding method. The experimental period starts from the gestation of the female donkey until the donkey colt is weaned. The test records the pregnancy rate, the live colt rate, the interval between colt production and second pregnancy and the average daily gain from birth to weaning of the colts of each group of female donkeys respectively, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 COMPARATIVE TABLE OF TEST RESULTS OF EXAMPLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, under the same donkey quantity condition, the pregnancy rate and the live colt rate of the donkey in the test group are both higher than those in the control group, the time interval from colt production to re-pregnancy is shorter than that in the control group, the average daily weight gain of the donkey colts from birth to weaning is higher than that in the control group, and the reproduction rate is obviously improved.
Example 2
A feeding method for northern farming and pasturing staggered donkey carrying comprises the following steps:
the stage feeding stage is divided into four stages from 1-3 months of gestation, 4-9 months of gestation, 10 months of gestation to the 15 th day before the expected delivery period, and the 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foal production. Wherein, the concentrated feed accounts for 19 percent of the total weight of the ration during 1 to 3 months of pregnancy, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.2 percent; the concentrated feed accounts for 25% of the total weight of the ration in the 4-9 months of pregnancy, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.5%; the concentrated feed accounts for 30 percent of the total weight of the ration from 10 months of gestation to 15 days before the expected date of delivery, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.8 percent; from the 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foals, the total weight of the daily ration is reduced by 32 percent on the basis of the previous period.
The method for feeding the pregnant donkey in the mode of 'barn feeding, grazing and health care' specifically comprises the following steps:
grazing in a grassland every 4 months, 1 day to 11 months and 30 days every day, and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 06:00 to 20:00 to the next day; freely moving in a playground at a ratio of 08:00-18:00 every day and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 18: 00-next day at 08:00 every 12 months for 1 day to 3 months for 31 days next year;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time each day of 05:30 and 20:30 every 4 months to 11 months to 30 days every year; feeding concentrated feed 1 time each day at ratio of 06:30, 12:30 and 18:30 for 12 months and 1 day-3 months and 31 days next year, and supplementing corn stalk or millet stalk 5 kg.
The concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 46 parts of corn, 32 parts of soybean meal, 9 parts of bran, 7 parts of alfalfa meal, 3 parts of carrot, 2.1 parts of calcium powder and 0.9 part of salt;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive is added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, the source of the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additive has no special requirement and is a commercial product, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive and the concentrated feed are 40g to 90kg according to the weight ratio.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4 parts of dried orange peel, 7 parts of dandelion, 2 parts of honeysuckle, 8 parts of acalypha australis and 11 parts of chrysanthemum. The preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, herba Taraxaci, flos Lonicerae, herba Acalyphae, and flos Chrysanthemi at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder.
The stage of raising the lactating donkey in stages is divided into lactation 1-3 months and lactation 4-6 months. Wherein, the lactation period is 1-3 months, the concentrated feed accounts for 50% of the total weight of the ration, and the protein content of the whole ration is 12.5%; the concentrated feed accounts for 35% of the total weight of the daily ration in 4-6 months of lactation, and the protein content of the whole daily ration is 11%.
Feeding the lactating donkey in a mode of 'barn feeding, extended grazing and health care' for a period from self-delivery to weaning of foals;
the grazing prolonging specifically is that the grazing time is prolonged by 2 hours every day.
The foals are mostly bred at 4-6 months per year, 1 day at 4 months to 30 days at 11 months, the lactating mother donkeys are grazed at 05:00-21:00 per day in a grassland, and are fed for 21: 00-next day at 05: 00;
the concentrated feed is fed to the lactating donkey 1:30 and 21:30 respectively for 1 time at 1-11 months and 30 days every year at 4 months.
The concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 43 parts of corn, 31 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of bran, 8 parts of alfalfa meal, 4 parts of carrot, 2.2 parts of calcium powder and 0.8 part of salt;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive is added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, the source of the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additive has no special requirement and is a commercial product, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive and the concentrated feed are 40g to 90kg according to the weight ratio.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 5 parts of angelica, 3 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 5 parts of prepared rehmannia root, 2 parts of ricepaper pith, 3 parts of trichosanthes root, 3 parts of pangolin scales, 3 parts of cowherb seed and 3 parts of beautiful sweetgum fruit. The preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying radix Angelicae sinensis, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, radix rehmanniae Preparata, medulla Tetrapanacis, Trichosanthis radix, squama Manis, semen Vaccariae, and fructus Lipuidambaris at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder.
The colostrum is sucked to the newborn foal firstly for 0-5 days after the foal;
feeding the newborn foals by adopting a 'lactation + milk generation' mode from the 6 th day after birth for the time from the 6 th day after birth to the weaning of the foals;
the colostrum is sucked to the newborn foal firstly, and the feeding in the breast-feeding and milk-replacing mode is started on the 6 th day after birth:
and sucking colostrum 0-5 days after birth. Beginning on the 6 th day after the birth, the donkey colt is fed with the milk replacer for donkey 1.2-2.0g/kg body weight every day except for the breast feeding following the female donkey.
The donkey colts after weaning are fed in a mode of 'barn feeding, grazing and health care', and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
isolating the colt from the female donkey;
the donkey colts weaned before 30 days in 11 months are grazed in a grassland at a ratio of 06:00-20:00 per day and are fed for a period of 06: 00-next day from 30 days in 11 months to 30 days in 11 months; the donkey colt weaned after 11-30 days can freely move in a playground from the milk-off day to 3-31 days in the next year at a ratio of 08:00-18:00 per day, and is fed for a house at a ratio of 18: 00-08: 00 per day;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time at a ratio of 20:30 per day from weaning day to 11 months and 30 days; feeding concentrated feed for 1 time from weaning day to 3 months and 31 days of the next year at a ratio of 12:00 and 19:00 respectively, and supplementing corn straw or millet straw for 3 kg;
the concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 24 parts of oat, 30 parts of corn, 23 parts of soybean meal, 13 parts of bran, 7 parts of alfalfa meal, 2.3 parts of calcium powder and 0.7 part of salt;
the microecologics are added into the concentrated feed, the source has no special requirement, the concentrated feed is a commercial product, and the addition amount of the microecologics and the concentrated feed are 1.1kg to 330kg in weight ratio;
the microecological preparation is a mixed veterinary preparation consisting of bacillus, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. The effective viable bacteria concentration is as follows: bacillus 2X 105CFU/g, Lactobacillus 4X 105CFU/g, Bifidobacterium 5X 105CFU/g。
And (3) testing: the 40 pregnant donkey was randomly and evenly divided into two groups, i.e., test group and control group, each group had 20 heads. The test group is fed by the feeding method provided by the invention, and the control group is fed by the traditional feeding method. The experimental period starts from the gestation of the female donkey until the donkey colt is weaned. The test records the pregnancy rate, the live colt rate, the interval between colt production and second pregnancy and the average daily gain from birth to weaning of the colts of each group of female donkeys respectively, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 comparative table of test results of example 2
As can be seen from table 2, under the same donkey quantity condition, the pregnancy rate and the live colt rate of the donkey in the test group are both higher than those in the control group, the time interval from colt production to re-pregnancy is shorter than that in the control group, the average daily weight gain of the donkey colts from birth to weaning is higher than that in the control group, and the reproduction rate is obviously improved.
Example 3
A feeding method for carrying donkey in a north farming-grazing staggered manner comprises the following steps:
the stage feeding stage is divided into four stages from 1-3 months of gestation, 4-9 months of gestation, 10 months of gestation to the 15 th day before the expected delivery period, and the 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foal production. Wherein, the concentrated feed accounts for 20 percent of the total weight of the ration during 1 to 3 months of pregnancy, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.3 percent; the concentrated feed accounts for 26% of the total weight of the ration in the 4-9 months of pregnancy, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.6%; the concentrated feed accounts for 31 percent of the total weight of the ration from 10 months of gestation to 15 days before the expected date of delivery, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.9 percent; from the 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foal production, the total weight of the daily ration is reduced by 35 percent on the basis of the previous period.
The method for feeding pregnant donkey in a 'barn feeding + grazing + health care' mode specifically comprises the following steps:
grazing in a grassland every 4 months, 1 day to 11 months and 30 days every day, and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 06:00 to 20:00 to the next day; freely moving in a playground at a ratio of 08:00 to 18:00 every day and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 18:00 to next day at a ratio of 08:00 every 12 months 1 day to 3 months 31 days next year;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time each day of 05:30 and 20:30 every 4 months to 11 months to 30 days every year; feeding concentrated feed 1 time each day at ratio of 06:30, 12:30 and 18:30 for 12 months and 1 day-3 months and 31 days next year, and supplementing corn stalk or millet stalk 6 kg.
The concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 47 parts of corn, 31 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of bran, 8 parts of alfalfa meal, 4 parts of carrot, 2.2 parts of calcium powder and 0.8 part of salt;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive is added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, the source of the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additive has no special requirement and is a commercial product, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive and the concentrated feed are 50g to 100kg according to the weight ratio.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 5 parts of dried orange peel, 8 parts of dandelion, 2 parts of honeysuckle, 10 parts of acalypha australis and 12 parts of chrysanthemum. The preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, herba Taraxaci, flos Lonicerae, herba Acalyphae, and flos Chrysanthemi at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder.
The stage of raising the lactating donkey in stages is divided into lactation 1-3 months and lactation 4-6 months. Wherein, the lactation period is 1-3 months, the concentrated feed accounts for 51% of the total weight of the ration, and the protein content of the whole ration is 12.6%; the concentrated feed accounts for 36% of the total weight of the daily ration in 4-6 months of lactation, and the protein content of the whole daily ration is 11.1%.
Feeding the lactating donkey in a mode of 'barn feeding, extended grazing and health care' for a period from self-delivery to weaning of foals;
the grazing prolonging specifically is that the grazing time is prolonged by 2 hours every day.
The foals are mostly bred at 4-6 months per year, 1 day at 4 months to 30 days at 11 months, the lactating mother donkeys are grazed at 05:00-21:00 per day in a grassland, and are fed for 21: 00-next day at 05: 00;
the concentrated feed is fed to the lactating donkey 1:30 and 21:30 respectively for 1 time at 1-11 months and 30 days every year at 4 months.
The concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 44 parts of corn, 30 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of bran, 8 parts of alfalfa meal, 4 parts of carrot, 2.2 parts of calcium powder and 0.8 part of salt;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive is added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, the source of the raw materials of the Chinese herbal medicine additive has no special requirement and is a commercial product, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive and the concentrated feed are 50g to 100kg according to the weight ratio.
The Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 6 parts of angelica, 4 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 6 parts of prepared rehmannia root, 3 parts of ricepaper pith, 4 parts of trichosanthes root, 4 parts of pangolin scales, 4 parts of cowherb seed and 4 parts of sweetgum fruit. The preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying radix Angelicae sinensis, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, radix rehmanniae Preparata, medulla Tetrapanacis, Trichosanthis radix, squama Manis, semen Vaccariae, and fructus Lipuidambaris at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder.
The colostrum is sucked to the newborn foal firstly for 0-5 days after the foal;
the newborn colts are fed in a breast-feeding and breast-generation mode from the 6 th day after the birth for the time from the 6 th day after the birth to the weaning of the colts;
the colostrum is sucked to the newborn foal firstly, and the feeding in the breast-feeding and milk-replacing mode is started on the 6 th day after birth:
and sucking colostrum 0-5 days after birth. Beginning on the 6 th day after the birth, the donkey colt is fed with the milk replacer for donkey 1.2-2.0g/kg body weight every day except for the breast feeding following the female donkey.
The donkey colts after weaning are fed in a mode of 'barn feeding, grazing and health care', and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
isolating the colt from the female donkey;
the donkey colts weaned before 30 days in 11 months are grazed in a grassland at a ratio of 06:00-20:00 per day and are fed for a period of 06: 00-next day from 30 days in 11 months to 30 days in 11 months; the donkey colt weaned after the day of 11 months and 30 days can freely move in a moving place at a ratio of 08:00-18:00 per day to 3 months and 31 days in the next year, and is fed for a house at a ratio of 18: 00-08: 00 per day;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time at a ratio of 20:30 per day from weaning day to 11 months and 30 days; feeding concentrated feed for 1 time from weaning day to 3 months and 31 days of the next year at a ratio of 12:00 and 19:00 respectively, and supplementing 4kg of corn straw or millet straw;
the concentrated feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 28 parts of oat, 27 parts of corn, 24 parts of soybean meal, 13 parts of bran, 6 parts of alfalfa meal, 2.2 parts of calcium powder and 0.8 part of salt;
the microecologics are added into the concentrated feed, the source has no special requirement, the concentrated feed is a commercial product, and the addition amount of the microecologics and the concentrated feed are 1.2kg to 350kg according to the weight ratio;
the microecological preparation is a mixed veterinary preparation consisting of bacillus, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. The effective viable bacteria concentration is as follows: bacillus 2X 106CFU/g, Lactobacillus 4X 106CFU/g, Bifidobacterium 5X 106CFU/g。
And (3) testing: the 40 pregnant donkey was randomly and evenly divided into two groups, i.e., test group and control group, each group had 20 heads. The test group is fed by the feeding method provided by the invention, and the control group is fed by the traditional feeding method. The experimental period starts from the gestation of the female donkey until the donkey colt is weaned. The test records the pregnancy rate, the live colt rate, the interval between colt production and second pregnancy and the average daily gain from birth to weaning of the colts of each group of female donkeys respectively, and the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 comparative table of test results of example 3
From the table 3, under the same donkey quantity condition, the pregnancy rate and the live colt rate of the donkey in the test group are both higher than those of the control group, the time interval from colt production to re-pregnancy is shorter than that of the control group, the average daily weight gain of the donkey colts from birth to weaning is higher than that of the control group, and the reproduction rate is obviously improved.
The breeding method provided by the invention grazes the donkey and combines the use of the herbal health-care additive, so that the health of the donkey and the colts is effectively guaranteed, and the donkey can produce one fetus every 1 month every 1 year; in addition, the milk-substituting technology is adopted for the newborn donkey colt, and the microecological preparation is added into the feed, so that the daily weight gain of the donkey colt is accelerated, and the survival rate is improved. The shortening of the time interval from the female donkey foal to the second pregnancy and the increase of the survival rate of the donkey foal greatly improve the reproduction rate of the female donkey.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A feeding method for northern farming and pasturing staggered donkey carrying is characterized by comprising the following steps:
feeding pregnant donkey in stages, including 1-3 months of pregnancy, 4-9 months of pregnancy, 10 months of pregnancy to the 15 th day before the expected delivery period, and the 15 th day before the expected delivery period to the day of foal; wherein, the concentrated feed accounts for 18-20% of the total weight of the ration for 1-3 months of gestation, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.1-11.3%; the concentrated feed accounts for 24-26% of the total weight of the ration in the 4-9 months of pregnancy, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.4-11.6%; the concentrated feed accounts for 29 to 31 percent of the total weight of the ration from 10 months of gestation to 15 days before the expected date of delivery, and the protein content of the whole ration is 11.7 to 11.9 percent; from 15 days before the expected delivery period to the day of foals, the total weight of the daily ration is reduced by 30-35% on the basis of the previous stage; feeding in a mode of 'barn feeding, grazing and health care'; chinese herbal medicine additives are added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additives and the concentrated feed are 30-50g:80-100kg according to the weight ratio; the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of dried orange peel, 6-8 parts of dandelion, 1-2 parts of honeysuckle, 6-10 parts of acalypha australis and 10-12 parts of chrysanthemum; the preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: oven drying pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, herba Taraxaci, flos Lonicerae, herba Acalyphae, and flos Chrysanthemi at 40-45 deg.C, and pulverizing into powder;
the feeding in the mode of 'barn feeding, grazing and health care' is as follows:
grazing in a grassland every 4 months, 1 day to 11 months and 30 days every day, and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 06:00 to 20:00 to the next day; freely moving in a playground at a ratio of 08:00-18:00 every day and feeding in a barn at a ratio of 18: 00-next day at 08:00 every 12 months for 1 day to 3 months for 31 days next year;
feeding concentrated feed for 1 time each day of 05:30 and 20:30 every 4 months to 11 months to 30 days every year; feeding concentrated feed 1 time each day at ratio of 06:30, 12:30 and 18:30 for 12/1/31/3/31/day of the next year, and supplementing corn stalk or millet stalk 4-6 kg;
feeding lactating donkey in stages for 1-3 months and 4-6 months; wherein, the lactation period is 1-3 months, the concentrated feed accounts for 49% -51% of the total weight of the ration, and the protein content of the whole ration is 12.4% -12.6%; the concentrated feed accounts for 34-36% of the total weight of the ration in 4-6 months of lactation, and the protein content of the whole ration is 10.9-11.1%; feeding in a mode of 'barn feeding, extended grazing and health care'; chinese herbal medicine additives are added into the concentrated feed to enhance immunity, and the adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additives and the concentrated feed are 30-50g:80-100kg according to the weight ratio;
the mode of 'barn feeding, extended grazing and health care' is as follows:
the time is from post-partum to 6 months and month-old weaning of foals; the method for prolonging grazing specifically comprises the steps of prolonging grazing time for 2 hours every day, grazing the lactating mother donkey at a ratio of 05:00-21:00 every day in a grassland, and feeding the lactating mother donkey at a ratio of 21: 00-05: 00 every next day;
feeding the lactating mother donkey with concentrated feed for 1 time at a ratio of 04:30 and 21:30 respectively in a period of 4 months and 1-11 months and 30 days each year;
the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of angelica, 2-4 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 4-6 parts of prepared rhizome of rehmannia, 1-3 parts of ricepaper pith, 2-4 parts of trichosanthes root, 2-4 parts of pangolin scales, 2-4 parts of cowherb seed and 2-4 parts of sweetgum fruit; the preparation of the Chinese herbal medicine additive comprises the following steps: drying and pulverizing radix Angelicae sinensis, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, radix rehmanniae Preparata, medulla Tetrapanacis, Trichosanthis radix, squama Manis, semen Vaccariae, and fructus Lipuidambaris at 40-45 deg.C with a dryer to obtain powder;
feeding the newborn foals by a breast-feeding and breast-replacing mode from 6 days to 6 months after birth by sucking colostrums firstly;
the feeding in a lactation + milk replacement mode specifically comprises the following steps: the donkey colt is fed with the milk replacer for donkey 1.2-2.0g/kg body weight every day except for feeding with mother donkey;
weaning the foals after the foals are born for 6 months, and feeding the weaned foals in a mode of 'barn feeding, grazing and health care';
the feeding in the mode of 'barn feeding + grazing + health care' is as follows: isolating the colt from the female donkey;
the donkey colts weaned before day 11 and 30 are grazed in a grassland at 06:00-20:00 per day, and are fed for 06:00 in 20: 00-next day for 1 time at 20:30 per day from the weaning day to day 11 and 30; the donkey colt weaned after 11 months and 30 days freely moves in a playground at a speed of 08:00-18:00 per day from the milk-off day to 3 months and 31 days in the next year, is fed for 1 time by feeding concentrated feed at a speed of 18: 00-08: 00 per day and at a speed of 12:00 and 19:00 per day respectively, and is fed with 2-4kg of corn straws or millet straws additionally.
2. The feeding method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the concentrate for pregnant donkey comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of corn, 32-38 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of bran, 6-8 parts of alfalfa meal, 3-5 parts of carrot, 2-2.5 parts of calcium powder and 0.5-1 part of salt.
3. The feeding method according to claim 1, wherein the concentrated feed for lactating donkey comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of corn, 30-35 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of bran, 7-10 parts of alfalfa meal, 3-5 parts of carrot, 2-2.5 parts of calcium powder and 0.5-1 part of salt.
4. The feeding method according to claim 1, wherein the concentrate feed for the foal comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 23-28 parts of oat, 25-30 parts of corn, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of bran, 5-8 parts of alfalfa meal, 2-2.5 parts of calcium powder and 0.5-1 part of salt.
5. The feeding method according to claim 4, wherein the micro-ecological preparation is added into the concentrate of the foal, and the weight ratio of the micro-ecological preparation to the concentrate is 1-1.2kg:300-350 kg.
6. The feeding method according to claim 5, wherein the microecological preparation is a mixed veterinary preparation consisting of Bacillus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium; the effective viable bacteria concentration is as follows: bacillus 2X 104-106CFU/g, Lactobacillus 4X 104-106CFU/g, Bifidobacterium 5X 104-106CFU/g。
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