RU1789157C - Method for selecting milk mares of local breeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to animal husbandry, namely horse breeding, and can be used for breeding work on koumiss farms. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method. The method consists in introducing additional udo coefficients for each month of lactation, which are calculated on the basis of the obtained actual data of the daily allowance of this breed. Using these coefficients, milk yield for the entire lactation is calculated, and then milk yield for the second month, on the basis of which mares are selected, and individuals with a coefficient of coefficient for the second lactation of more than 400 belong to the elite, from 300 to 399 to the first group, from 200 to 299 - to the second group, less than 199 - to the third group. 2 tab. ate with

Description

The invention relates to horse breeding, in particular to methods for selecting dairy mares of local breeds on koumiss farms and can be used in productive horse breeding.

There is a known method for selecting local mares, according to which the average daily udo indicator, which is rounded to the nearest whole value, serves as the evaluation criterion. However, this method does not provide accuracy and efficiency of selection since It does not take into account the regularities of the course of lactation, during which the productivity of the mares constantly changes. In addition, due to the small share of the average daily milk yield for full lactation, rounding the average daily productivity indicator to an integer value inevitably leads to a significant distortion of the assessment results, which in turn reduces the efficiency of animal selection for

formation of koumiss farms and, accordingly, leads to a decrease in the profitability of the latter.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure the efficiency of selection of dairy mares of local breeds.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method including the calculation of milk, additionally, based on the regularities of the lactation curve, a coefficient (K) is determined that indicates the share of monthly milk yield (Um), established on the basis of daily milk yield, from milk yield for lactation (Ul), which is calculated by the formula: Kt ... Um1 ... 7: Ul, and the selection of mares is based on the expected yield of lactation, which is determined by dividing the specific monthly udo rate (Um) by a similar coefficient K1 ... 7, established by a scientific and economic experiment to study regularities of the lactation curve, i.e.

vj 00 ju

SL VI

changes in monthly udo during lactation of Kazakh mares of the jabe type under the conditions of herd keeping technology (Table 1).

Table 1 shows that the amount of milk received from a mare for lactation is determined by the peak of lactation, which is achieved in local breeding mares in the second month of lactation and is gradually reduced by the further course of the lactation curve. Therefore, the data on the study of the patterns of the lactation curve for the entire lactation period are the basis for introducing coefficients by the months of lactation, and in order to determine the milk yield for full lactation by any of its segments, it is necessary to divide the milk yield of a specific month by a similar coefficient, and the selection is made based on expected udo, for lactation.

Table 1 gives the pattern of lactation of Kazakh mares of the jabe type under conditions of herd keeping technology.

The proposed method, in comparison with the known one, provides the efficiency of the method, the possibility of early selection of mines by milk production of mares for lactation. This makes it possible to increase the reliability of the estimation of milking mares with respect to the expediency of their further selection for picking koumiss farms and the possibility of validating milking mares who either have no milk production data for lactation or are not available for full lactation (3-5 months). as adopted in the prototype under conditions of herd keeping of local breeds of horses, i.e. at a time when mares are not yet burdened with the next stallion, in dairy horse breeding, when selecting mares for picking koumiss farms, high-dairy animals should be identified that are better paid for milk feed and ensure high profitability of farms, and the task is to identify such animals at an early age lactation by shortening the time for testing and in the quickest replacement of low-dairy mares with high-dairy mares and to best use them for the progress of the breed.

The selection of mares for milk for full lactation based on the coefficient at the second month of lactation is quite justified both methodologically and from the economic and zootechnical points of view, and is due to the fact that, firstly, it was at the second month of lactation that a peak was established high milk productivity, and the main criterion of profitability of dairy mares and payment of feed for milk is the amount of udo; secondly, the introduction of mares into milking begins with

the second month of lactation, it is on this segment of lactation that it is possible to take into account the actual monthly feeding of mares by the method of control milking 1-2 times a month; thirdly, the determination of the shape of the udder and the rate (intensity) of milk yield, as well as the assessment of mares for suitability for machine milking, are also carried out for 2-3 months of lactation,

That is why during this period the selection of mares according to the expected milk productivity for full lactation based on the coefficient in the second month is highly effective (Table 2).

Table 2 gives a scale for the early assessment and selection of full-aged mares by the expected milk production for full lactation based on the coefficient (K 0.210) in the second month.

Rann reliable assessment and subsequent targeted selection of mares reduces labor intensity and thereby increases labor productivity. The new method corresponds to the tasks of intensification of milk horse breeding associated with breeding, because the overall total effect of breeding of local breeds on koumiss farms depends on the reliability of the assessment and selection of animals .

The method is carried out as follows.

Example. The milk production of mares at any month of lactation is determined by the conventional method of control milking. The selection is made on the basis of the expected milk yield for full lactation (Ul) over any of its segments, which is calculated by dividing the indicator of the actual monthly milk yield (Um) by the corresponding coefficient, differentiated depending on the stage of their lactation.

For example, a control milking of a mare named Weakness showed that the average daily milk yield (Us) of her at the third, fourth and seventh months of lactation will be 9.4, respectively; 8.6; 5.8 kg The expected milk yield for the complete lactation of the Mare of Weakness, according to which selection is conducted, remains unknown since the control milking was not carried out for the complete lactation.

Expected milk yield of a mare of Weakness for full lactation in the third (Uz) month - Uz 1454 kg, Uz (9.4 30): 0.194 1454 U 4 - in the fourth month - 1449 kg; Y4 (8.6 30): 0.178 1449 U7 in the seventh month - 1450 kg; U (6.8 30): 0.120 1450. According to the scale, Weakness gains 5 points and belongs to the P-class.

PRI me R 2. Control milking of a mare nicknamed Joy showed that the average daily milk yield in the second month of lactation -12.6 kg, the third -11.6, the fourth -10.7, volume -9, 5, the sixth -8.4 and the seventh 7.2 kg. The actual milk yield for lactation is 1800 kg. In accordance with the scale, she scores 7 points and belongs to class I.

Expected milk yield of Mare Joy for full lactation in the second (Y2) month 1800 kg, Y2 (12.6 30): 0.210 1800 Uz - in the third month 1794 kg, Uz (11.6 30): 0.194 1794 Uz - in the fourth month tsu 1803 kg, Ud (10.7 -30): 0.178 1803 UB - by the first month tsu 1803 kg, Ub (9.5 30): 0.158 1803

0

5

Ue - in the sixth month of 1800 kg, Ue (8.4 30): 0.140 1800 U - in the seventh month of 1800 kg, U (7.2 30): 0.120 1800

In the same way, by observing the described techniques and operations, it is possible to determine the expected yield of mares for complete lactation in any segment and to make reliable early selection - in the second month of lactation in accordance with the scale developed by us.

In this case, the mares who scored 8-10 points for milk yield for lactation can be attributed to the elite, 6-7 points to the first class, 4-5 points to the second class.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method for selecting dairy mares of local breeds, including their assessment of milk productivity, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the method, an additional milk yield is measured by the months of lactation, taking into account the coefficient (Ki. ..) on the basis of daily milk yield for a given breed according to the formula K1 ... 7 Ul: Um1 ... 7, where Ul - milk yield for lactation; UM t ... GOOD for every month of lactation, the expected yield of mares is determined by multiplying the known monthly yield by the same coefficient Ki ..., and the selection is carried out on the basis of the calculated yield for the second lactation, and individuals with a coefficient of KL..7 from 400 and higher belong to the elite, from 300 to 399 - to the first group, from 200 to 299 - to the second group. Table 1 table 2 Continuation of the table. 2