CN105050700B - 用于处理粘糊状物质的方法及装置 - Google Patents
用于处理粘糊状物质的方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于在具有捏合件(2,3)的壳体(1)中处理尤其粘糊状物质的方法,其中至少一个捏合件(2,3)应受到监控。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在具有捏合件的壳体中处理尤其呈粘糊状物质的方法,其中至少一个捏合件受到监控。
背景技术
这种装置还可称为混合捏合机。这类装置可用于诸多不同用途。首先言及包括溶剂回收的蒸发过程,可成批或连续且通常还在真空下实现这种蒸发过程。据此,例如可用于处理蒸馏残渣,特别是甲苯二异氰酸酯,还可用于处理化学及制药生产中产生的具有毒性或高沸点溶剂的产物残留、清洗剂及涂料污泥、聚合物溶液、在溶液聚合中产生的弹性体溶液、粘合剂及密封剂。
利用设备可进一步用于连续或成批对水润湿和/或溶剂润湿的产物进行接触式干燥,通常同样在真空下进行该过程。特别考虑应用于颜料、染料、精细化学品、盐、氧化物、氢氧化物、抗氧化剂等添加剂、热敏性药剂及维生素制品、活性物质、聚合物、合成橡胶、聚合物悬浮液、乳胶、水凝胶、蜡、杀虫剂及化学或制药生产中产生的如盐、催化剂、残渣或废液等残留物。这种方法还可应用于食品加工,例如在制造和/或处理砖乳、代糖、淀粉衍生物及藻酸盐的过程中用于处理工业污泥、油泥、生物污泥、纸污泥、涂料污泥并普遍用于处理粘性、成壳、黏糊状产物、废料及纤维素衍生物。
在混合捏合机中,可发生脱气和/或脱挥发份作用。这应用于聚酯或聚酰胺熔体缩合之后的聚合物熔体、合成纤维的纺丝液以及固态的聚合体或弹性体颗粒或粉末。
在混合捏合机中,通常可在熔体中连续发生聚缩反应,主要用于处理聚酰胺、聚酯、聚醋酸盐、聚酰亚胺、热塑性塑料、弹性体、硅树脂、脲醛树脂、酚醛树脂、除垢剂及废料。
还可发生聚合反应,同样地,该聚合反应通常也是连续进行。这应用于聚丙烯酸酯、水凝胶、热塑性聚合物、弹性体、间规聚苯乙烯及聚丙烯酰胺。
更广泛而言,可在混合捏合机中发生固相、液相或多相反应。这特别适用于氢氟酸、硬脂酸盐、氰酸酯、聚磷酸盐、三聚氰酸、纤维素衍生物、纤维素酯、纤维素醚、聚缩醛树脂、磺胺酸、铜酞菁、淀粉衍生物、聚磷酸铵、磺酸盐、杀虫剂和肥料处理中的逆反应。
此外,还可发生固态/气态反应(如羧化作用)或液态/气态反应。这应用于处理乙酸酯、酸、科尔伯-施密特反应(Kolbe-Schmitt-Reaktionen),例如BON、水杨酸钠、对羟基苯甲酸及药剂制品。
在中和反应及酯交换反应中发生液/液反应。
在这种类型的混合捏合机中对用于合成纤维、聚酰胺、聚酯及纤维素的纺丝液进行溶解和/或脱气。
在颜料的处理或生产中进行所谓的冲洗。
在聚酯和聚酰胺的生产或处理中发生固态后缩聚,例如在如纤维素纤维等纤维的处理中利用溶剂连续制浆,在盐、精细化学品、多元醇、醇化物的处理中由熔体或由溶液结晶,在聚合物混合物、硅酮混合物、密封混合物、粉煤灰中(连续和/或分批)化合或混合,在聚合物悬浮液的处理中(尤其是连续)凝结。
在混合捏合机中,还可以结合多作用过程,例如加热、干燥、熔融、晶化、混合、脱气、反应,这些过程均可连续或分批进行。通过这种方式生产或处理聚合物、弹性体、无机产物、残留物、药品、食品及印刷油墨。
在混合捏合机中,还可发生真空升华/凝华,由此纯化化学预制品,例如蒽醌、金属氯化物、有机金属化合物等。此外,还可生产医药中间体。
例如,在有机中间体(如蒽醌及精细化学品)中连续发生载气凝华。
实质上,单轴与双轴混合捏合机不同。举例而言,在EP 91405497.1中描述了一种单轴混合捏合机。在CH-A 506322、EP 0517068B、DE 19940521A1或DE 10160535中则介绍了多轴混合捏合机。其中,径向盘状件以及盘体间的轴向捏合杆位于轴上。在这些盘体之间,由另一轴啮合框架形状的混合捏合件。这些混合捏合件清洁第一轴的盘体及捏合杆。两轴上的捏合杆再清洁壳体内壁。
US 4504150A公开一种用于捏合并挤出合成材料的挤出机,其中相应的挤出机螺杆以可旋转的方式布置在筒状壳体内。在螺纹之间插入销钉,可利用销钉监控质量流。在此,应测定这些销钉是否发生变形。在DE 3502437A1中描述了类似装置。
US 4508454A同样介绍了一种挤出机,其中相应的销钉伸入在挤出机螺杆的螺旋结构中形成的凹口内。在此,应测定销钉是否发生断裂,例如可通过挤出产物中的金属颗粒来进行这种测定。
在DE 4303852A1中描述了一种根据本发明所述类型的混合捏合机。在该文献中,对捏合机的破裂或诸如此类损坏进行监控。例如,布置在捏合件中的小管可能受到压力或形成真空。在此对这种压力或真空进行监控。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,使根据本发明的这种装置的运行更为安全且实现无故障操作。
为达成这一目的,通过监控过程生成控制信号,借助这种控制信号明确指定捏合机的状态,其中由压力介质的压降生成该控制信号,并且在压降过程中输送压力介质,以保持预定的压力。
在本发明中,术语“捏合件”应从广义上加以理解。对此,其不仅涵盖通常固定在壳体内所谓的捏合对钩,而且也包括随轴同转的捏合件,乃至其上装有捏合杆的盘式元件。所有这些元件均应受到监控,更确切而言,优选对各个元件加以监控,从而能够在元件例如受到损坏的情况下单独更换该元件。对此,优选应当明确这些元件的位置。只要所监控的捏合件通过线路或无线电连接至监控装置便足以,从而监控装置还识别各个捏合件,每一捏合件发射相应信号。
针对监控而言,同样不应设定任何限制。在这种情况下,监控主要涉及在捏合件中是否存在裂纹。在形成裂纹的情况下,可以推测,捏合件在不久之后即将发生断裂。
为确定裂纹的形成,应由至少一个通道至少在局部贯穿相应的捏合件,其中在该通道中具有压力介质。通道设置在捏合件中的位置则不甚紧要。还可具有完整的通道网,该通道网受到压力。一旦形成裂纹,压力介质即会通过该裂纹泄漏,表明已发生开裂。出于该目的,通道与压力介质源相连接。作为压力介质,首先考虑到气体,特别是氮气。然而,可能亦为液态介质。其同样属于本发明的范围内。
根据本发明,监控流向捏合件的压力介质,尤其是将正常泄漏和需要控制行为的意外状况加以区分,例如捏合件发生破裂必将导致混合捏合机停止工作。在该实施例中,在压力介质通道中接通流量传感器,该流量传感器确定一段时间内压力介质的流量。由于正常泄漏形成的压差会通过供给更多的压力介质得到平衡。然而,一旦这种供给在预定时间单位内超过预定的流量值,即会出现捏合件可能发生破裂或至少形成裂纹的迹象。在这种情况下,引发警报或触发相应的控制单元,使混合捏合机关闭或对其他方面发生作用。作为操作行为,同样可考虑关闭、启动或改变反应物或产物进出捏合室的入料及卸料机构,或者还可考虑对混合捏合机的可受热元件的加热做出开启、关闭或其他影响。
另一方面涉及对捏合件温度的监控。出于该目的,捏合件配有温度传感器。通过捏合件的温度,可推断出待处理物质的温度,从而可有针对性地控制混合捏合机内的温度。
另外,为确定捏合件的变形,还应为捏合件或相应的捏合体配置至少一个应变仪。还可考虑设置扭矩传感器,该扭矩传感器探测作用于捏合件上的力。
本发明不仅涉及用于监控捏合件的相应方法,并且还涉及利用这种捏合件运行的装置。这类装置主要是所谓的混合捏合机。而本发明同样还涉及相应配置的捏合件本身。
附图说明
通过以下优选实施例的描述并参照附图对本发明的其他优点、特征和细节加以阐述。
图1表示根据本发明用于处理粘糊状物质的装置的俯视示意图;
图2表示根据本发明具有监控元件的捏合件的透视图;
图3表示监控装置的实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出例如DE 4303852A1所述的混合捏合机M的壳体1。在该壳体1中具有构造成C形的捏合件2。捏合件2与布置在轴4上的其他盘状捏合件3共同作用。该轴4配有驱动器5。
针对一列捏合件2而言,还可看出分别具有阀体6,这些阀体6通过线路7连接至监控装置8。而该监控装置8又连接至中央控制装置(如箭头9所示)。
如图2所示,捏合件2基本上由捏合体10组成,该捏合体10位于壳体凸缘11上。该壳体凸缘11进一步与扭矩传感器12相连接,该扭矩传感器12配有张紧装置13。
至少一个通道14(如虚线所示)位于捏合体10中,所述通道14通过张紧装置13与阀体6保持有效连接。该通道14可借助来自气缸15的传压介质而受到压力介质的作用。通过压力测量装置16(尤其是压力计)监控通道14内的压力。
本发明的工作原理如下:
在壳体1中优选具有多个如图2所示的捏合件2。捏合体10本身伸入壳体内部并穿过壳体借助壳体凸缘11连接至置于壳体之外的扭矩传感器12、张紧装置13、阀体6及气缸或压力计。通过气缸15使通道14内保持压力。在捏合体10损坏的情况下,压力气体透过可能存在的裂纹泄漏到壳体内,从而通道14中的压力降低。通过压力计16对此进行确定,该压力计16向监控装置8发射信号。当然,在此还可规定确定的范围,压力开关仅在该范围内才作出响应。另外,所监控的体积应选择为尽可能小,以确保快速灵敏的监控。
在此,可通过相应的线路7识别可能具有故障的捏合件2。此刻,可在设备继续运行中移除及遮蔽损坏的捏合件。混合捏合机完全正常继续运行,即不会停止运转。
若捏合体还连有温度传感器,则可确定温度,特别是待处理物质内的温度。
该温度则有助于有针对性地调整处理的温度控制。
还可能在未产生裂纹的情况下却出现不理想的变形。在根据本发明的设置中,通过相应的应变仪或扭矩传感器12确定变形并置换可能损坏的捏合件。
本发明要求单独保护的另一主题涉及通过这样配置的捏合件将用于处理粘糊状物质的介质输入壳体1中。
在图3中详细示出根据本发明所述监控装置8的实施例。在此,捏合件2与共同的阀体17相连接。对此,分别设置用于压力介质的输入管路18。压力介质管路19连通至阀体17,在该压力介质管路19中针对压力源15切换流量传感器20及减压器21。流量传感器20连接至中央控制器22以及压力传感器23,该压力传感器23检测在压力介质管路19中的减压器21与流量传感器20之间是否存在压力介质。
在附图中并未详细示出控制器显然同样连接至压力源接口15、阀体17以及在捏合件2中可能存在的控制阀或传感器。
所述监控装置的工作原理如下:
通过压力源15的压力介质接口,在减压器21处存在约4巴的氮气。通过减压器21使压力降低至例如1巴。氮气通过流量传感器20及压力介质管路19流入阀体17并在此处分布至各个捏合件2。
若出现压降,既可归因于正常泄漏,但亦可能出于捏合件破裂或诸如此类因素。为区分这两种情况并避免虚假报警,在压力介质管路19中始终保持预定的压力(优选恒定),而对流量进行监控,特别是关于流程时间。在正常泄漏中,在确定时间单位内发生极少量流动。仅在流量突然或大幅增大的情况下才会引发警报。这就是在捏合机中存在破裂或形成裂纹的迹象,从而引发警报。
随后,利用相应的控制信号关闭混合捏合机的轴驱动器或关闭、启动或以其他方式影响将反应物或产物输入或排出捏合室的入料及卸料机构,或者还可关闭或影响对捏合室或捏合件的加热。
附图标记列表
1 壳体
2 捏合件
3 捏合件
4 轴
5 驱动器
6 阀体
7 线路
8 监控装置
9 箭头
10 捏合体
11 壳体凸缘
12 扭矩传感器
13 张紧装置
14 通道
15 压力源
16 压力计
17 阀体
18 输入管路
19 压力介质管路
20 流量传感器
21 减压器
22 控制器
23 压力传感器
M 混合捏合机
Claims (6)
1.用于在具有捏合件(2,3)的壳体(1)中处理粘糊状物质的方法,其中至少一个捏合件(2,3)受到监控,
其特征在于:
通过所述监控生成控制信号,借助该控制信号明确指定所述捏合件的状态,其中所述控制信号由压力介质的压降生成,并且在压降过程中输送压力介质,以保持预定的压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述控制信号由压力介质在一段时间内的压降生成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:确定由输入管路中压力介质流量的测量装置发送至所述捏合机(2,3)的控制信号。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:对所监控的捏合件(2,3)进行识别。
5.用于在具有捏合件(2,3)的壳体(1)中处理粘糊状物质的装置,其中至少一个捏合件(2,3)与监控装置(8)相连接并且所述捏合件(2)至少局部由至少一个通道(4)贯穿,该通道(14)与压力介质源(15)保持连接,
其特征在于:
所述通道(14)通过阀体(6)与所述压力介质源(15)保持连接,其中所述阀体(6)或用于所述压力介质源(15)的压力介质管路还配有压力传感器(16),并且在用于所述压力介质源的所述压力介质管路中接通至少一个流量传感器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于:多个捏合件(2,3)的压力介质管路整合于一个阀体。
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DE3502437C2 (zh) * | 1985-01-25 | 1988-04-21 | Paul Troester Maschinenfabrik, 3000 Hannover, De | |
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CH506322A (de) | 1969-03-17 | 1971-04-30 | List Heinz | Mehrspindelige Misch- und Knetmaschine |
JPS5693032A (en) * | 1979-12-27 | 1981-07-28 | Kuroki Kogyosho:Kk | Detection of developing crack depth in roll for transferring hot metal piece |
DE3225512A1 (de) * | 1982-07-08 | 1984-01-12 | Continental Gummi-Werke Ag, 3000 Hannover | Strangpresse |
CH686406A5 (de) | 1990-04-11 | 1996-03-29 | List Ag | Kontinuierlich arbeitender Mischkneter. |
DE4118884A1 (de) | 1991-06-07 | 1992-12-10 | List Ag | Mischkneter |
DE19940521C2 (de) | 1999-08-26 | 2003-02-13 | List Ag Arisdorf | Mischkneter |
DE10160535A1 (de) | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-18 | List Ag | Radial oder axial reinigende Mischbarren |
PL1848675T3 (pl) * | 2005-01-26 | 2012-04-30 | Hitachi Zosen Inova Ag | Fermentor z mieszadłem |
WO2014023738A2 (de) * | 2012-08-08 | 2014-02-13 | List Holding Ag | Verfahren zum behandeln von viskos-pastösen massen |
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US4361081A (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-11-30 | Howard James R | Apparatus for processing oilseed and grain mash products |
US4508454A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1985-04-02 | Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau Gmbh | Extruder |
DE3502437C2 (zh) * | 1985-01-25 | 1988-04-21 | Paul Troester Maschinenfabrik, 3000 Hannover, De | |
DE4303852A1 (de) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-11 | List Ag | Mischkneter |
CN1705546A (zh) * | 2002-10-21 | 2005-12-07 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 混合装置 |
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CN105050700A (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
KR20150143427A (ko) | 2015-12-23 |
US20160107336A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
WO2014135489A3 (de) | 2014-11-20 |
KR102332099B1 (ko) | 2021-11-29 |
US10442113B2 (en) | 2019-10-15 |
WO2014135489A2 (de) | 2014-09-12 |
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