CN105036955A - Plant cultivation substrate - Google Patents
Plant cultivation substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN105036955A CN105036955A CN201510472825.8A CN201510472825A CN105036955A CN 105036955 A CN105036955 A CN 105036955A CN 201510472825 A CN201510472825 A CN 201510472825A CN 105036955 A CN105036955 A CN 105036955A
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- plant cultivation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant cultivation substrate for the problem that a commonly-used cultivation substrate is insufficient in nutrient and needs to be additionally added with nutrients. The plant cultivation substrate comprises organic fertilizer, urea formaldehyde foam, biochar and perlite, and the organic fertilizer is prepared by performing aerobic fermentation on plant waste. The substrate is rich in slow-releasing and long-acting nutrients such as organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, potassium and zinc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to a plant cultivation matrix.
Background technology
The natural peat soil that cultivated plant is conventional and vegetable mould, can damage environment owing to excavating in a large number, along with the demand such as urban greening project, home gardening constantly increases, soilless culture becomes the main way of cultivated plant gradually.Conventional soilless culture type has the training of water planting, mist, substrate culture etc.Wherein, substrate culture has become most widely used a kind of cultivation technique without soil, is be fixed in matrix by the root system of crop, and it has the advantages such as safety and sanitation, easily control plant-growth.Usually select the material of loose, ventilative, stronger water retention capacity as cultivation matrix.Conventional cultivation matrix has peat, coconut palm chaff, bark etc.But existing most plants cultivation matrix nutrient content is few, is not enough to the nutrient provided required for growth and development of plants, usually adds a certain amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer or nutritive medium in matrix.Adopt and to be all difficult to opportunity control to supplement the nutrients not only consumption, applying of matrix in this way, misoperation easily causes plant to burn seedling, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the long-acting plant cultivation media of a kind of nutrition.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
One plant cultivation matrix, comprises following component: fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam, charcoal and perlite, and described fertilizer is prepared by plant refuse aerobic fermentation.
As the further improvement of invention, described fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam, charcoal and perlitic volume ratio are (1-3): (1-4): (1-2): (1-2).
As the further improvement of invention, the preparation method of described charcoal comprises the following steps:
S1: pulverize plant refuse;
S2: fully mixed plant waste and municipal sludge;
S3: anaerobic high temperature carbonization.
As the further improvement of invention, in described S2, plant refuse and municipal sludge are according to dry weight ratio (1-2): (1-2) mixes.
As the further improvement of invention, in described S3, carbonization temperature is 400-500 DEG C.
As the further improvement of invention, the preparation method of described fertilizer comprises the following steps:
S1: pulverize plant refuse;
S2: add urea and regulate C/N ratio;
S3: dehydration;
S4: compost fermentation.
As the further improvement of invention, regulate C/N in described S2 than being (25-35): 1.
As the further improvement of invention, in described S3, dehydration regulates the water ratio of S2 gained material to be down to 55-65%.
As the further improvement of invention, described urea-formaldehyde foam is the product after urea-formaldehyde resin adds whipping agent solidification.
As the further improvement of invention, described perlite is the particulate state perlite that expansion process obtains.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the problem needing outer Ensure Liquid for conventional cultivation matrix nutrient deficiency, the invention provides a plant cultivation matrix, comprise following component: fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam, charcoal and perlite, described fertilizer is prepared by plant refuse aerobic fermentation.This matrix is rich in the nutrition such as organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen phosphate and sulfur, potassium, zinc, and nutrition slow-release is long-acting.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The preparation of fertilizer: get plant refuse and be crushed to 2-5cm particle diameter, adds urea and regulates material joint C/N than being (25-35): 1, then dewater to gained material, its water ratio is down to 55-65%, carry out aerobic composting fermentation, heap body heap height is 0.8-1.5m, heap body volume>=5m
3, the mode of turning is adopted to carry out ventilation oxygen supply, carry out thermophilic fermentation, heap temperature > 50 DEG C, every 3-5d turning once, carry out mesophilic digestion again, heap temperature is 30 ~ 50 DEG C, every 5-7d turning once, through the process of 30-60d compost fermentation, the composting production become thoroughly decomposed completely, be fertilizer, its water ratio < 35%, seed germination index > 80%, humic acid > 15%, roundworm egg killing rate > 99%, wherein be rich in organic matter and humic acid.
The preparation of charcoal: be crushed to 2-5cm after getting plant refuse natural air drying, fully mix with the municipal sludge of water ratio < 25% again, municipal sludge and plant refuse dry weight are than being (1-2): (1-2), under oxygen-free environment, be heated to 400-500 DEG C carbonize, obtain carbonization product, be charcoal, its particle diameter≤5mm, there is lightweight, feature that water conservation permeability is good, favourable perch place and a large amount of electron transfer mediators for microorganism provides.
The preparation of urea-formaldehyde foam: add whipping agent in urea-formaldehyde resin, solidification, obtain urea-formaldehyde foam, pH is 5.5-7.5, is wherein rich in the elements such as nitrogen phosphate and sulfur, potassium, zinc.
Perlitic preparation: get perlite and carry out expansion process, obtains required particulate state perlite, its particle diameter≤5mm.
The preparation of plant cultivation media: according to fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: charcoal: perlitic volume ratio is 3:4:2:2, gets above-mentioned fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam, charcoal and perlite respectively, is fully mixed to get plant cultivation media.
Embodiment 2:
With embodiment 1, difference is described fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: charcoal: perlitic volume ratio is 2:3:1:2.
Embodiment 3:
With embodiment 1, difference is described fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: charcoal: perlitic volume ratio is 3:3:2:2.
Embodiment 4:
With embodiment 1, difference is described fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: charcoal: perlitic volume ratio is 1:1:1:1.
Embodiment 5:
With embodiment 1, difference is described fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: charcoal: perlitic volume ratio is 2:2:2:1.
Embodiment 6:
With embodiment 1, difference is described fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: charcoal: perlitic volume ratio is 2:1:1:2.
Embodiment 7:
With embodiment 1, difference is described fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: charcoal: perlitic volume ratio is 2:4:2:1.
Embodiment 8:
With embodiment 1, difference is described fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: charcoal: perlitic volume ratio is 1:2:2:1.
Comparative example 1:
Fertilizer and perlite is prepared, according to fertilizer: perlite: the volume ratio of vermiculite is 1:1:1, gets above-mentioned fertilizer, perlite and vermiculite respectively, is fully mixed to get matrix with reference to same procedure in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2:
Perlite is prepared, according to liver moss: perlite: the volume ratio of vermiculite is 1:1:1, gets above-mentioned liver moss, perlite and vermiculite respectively, is fully mixed to get matrix with reference to same procedure in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3:
Fertilizer is prepared, according to fertilizer: liver moss: the volume ratio of vermiculite is 2:3:3, gets above-mentioned fertilizer, liver moss and vermiculite respectively, is fully mixed to get matrix with reference to same procedure in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4:
Urea-formaldehyde foam is prepared, according to urea-formaldehyde foam: liver moss: the volume ratio of vermiculite is 2:1:1, gets above-mentioned urea-formaldehyde foam, liver moss and vermiculite respectively, is fully mixed to get matrix with reference to same procedure in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 5:
Fertilizer and urea-formaldehyde foam is prepared, according to fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: the volume ratio of liver moss is 1:2:1, gets above-mentioned fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam and liver moss respectively, is fully mixed to get matrix with reference to same procedure in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 6:
Fertilizer and urea-formaldehyde foam is prepared, according to fertilizer: urea-formaldehyde foam: the volume ratio of vermiculite is 3:4:2, gets above-mentioned fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam and vermiculite respectively, is fully mixed to get matrix with reference to same procedure in embodiment 1.
Respectively the matrix of embodiment 1-8 and comparative example 1-6 gained is placed in 25 DEG C and 100 DEG C of water, analyze its solubleness, the solubleness obtained at 25 DEG C is called cold water solubility, the solubleness obtained at 100 DEG C is called hot water dissolving's degree, obtains the experimental result of cold water solubility and hot water dissolving's degree respectively as table 1.It has been generally acknowledged that cold water solubility≤25%, judgement criteria that hot water dissolving's degree >=75% is nutrition slow-release fertilizer, on this basis, hot water dissolving's degree and cold water solubility absolute difference larger, illustrate that its nutrition slow-release performance is better.As can be seen from data in table 1, the nutrition slow-release performance of the plant cultivation media in Matrix Examples 1-8 of the present invention is adopted obviously to be better than the matrix that in comparative example 2, conventional constituents mixes; Relative to comparative example 1,3,4,5,6, the matrix that the fertilizer that this few example is obtained by preparation method of the present invention and/or urea-formaldehyde resin and other conventional constituents mix, can find out, matrix nutrition sustained release performance of the present invention also has a clear superiority in.
The cold water solubility of each matrix sample of table 1 and hot water dissolving's degree
Respectively the various matrix of embodiment 1-8 gained are carried out to the analysis of physico-chemical property, obtain experimental result as table 2.
The physico-chemical property of each embodiment mesostroma of table 2
Claims (10)
1. a plant cultivation matrix, is characterized in that, comprises following component: fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam, charcoal and perlite, and described fertilizer is prepared by plant refuse aerobic fermentation.
2. plant cultivation media according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fertilizer, urea-formaldehyde foam, charcoal and perlitic volume ratio are (1-3): (1-4): (1-2): (1-2).
3. plant cultivation media according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described charcoal comprises the following steps:
S1: pulverize plant refuse;
S2: fully mixed plant waste and municipal sludge;
S3: anaerobic high temperature carbonization.
4. plant cultivation media according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described S2, plant refuse and municipal sludge are according to dry weight ratio (1-2): (1-2) mixes.
5. the plant cultivation media according to claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that, in described S3, carbonization temperature is 400-500 DEG C.
6. plant cultivation media according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described fertilizer comprises the following steps:
S1: pulverize plant refuse;
S2: add urea and regulate C/N ratio;
S3: dehydration;
S4: compost fermentation.
7. plant cultivation media according to claim 6, is characterized in that, regulates C/N than being (25-35): 1 in described S2.
8. the plant cultivation media according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that, in described S3, dehydration regulates the water ratio of S2 gained material to be down to 55-65%.
9. plant cultivation media according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described urea-formaldehyde foam is the product after urea-formaldehyde resin adds whipping agent solidification.
10. plant cultivation media according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described perlite is the particulate state perlite that expansion process obtains.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510472825.8A CN105036955A (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Plant cultivation substrate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510472825.8A CN105036955A (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Plant cultivation substrate |
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| CN105036955A true CN105036955A (en) | 2015-11-11 |
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| CN201510472825.8A Pending CN105036955A (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Plant cultivation substrate |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105248268A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-01-20 | 山东商道生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising matrix with soil conditioning function |
| CN105384481A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-09 | 山东商道生物科技有限公司 | Culturing and seedling medium for cucurbits and vegetables |
| CN106045736A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 广德县新农民水稻种植专业合作社 | Plant cultivation substrate and preparation method therefor |
| CN107129807A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-09-05 | 西施生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Multifunctional ecotype soil conditioner |
| CN108516882A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-09-11 | 上海沃施园艺股份有限公司 | A kind of rich potassium matrix plant nutrient soil using waxberry dregs waste |
| CN108739389A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省兰香缘农业生态发展有限责任公司 | A kind of phosphorus magnesium for Ginger Tissue cultivation nursery promotees to release the preparation method of adhesive matrix block |
| CN111296229A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Method for preparing seedling substrate by using co-pyrolysis product of sludge and biogas residues |
| CN115039661A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Adhesive for moss sheets on exposed rock surfaces |
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| CN1282510A (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2001-02-07 | 贵州毕节地区瑞安科技开发有限责任公司董安玮 | Matrix for soilless culture and its preparing process |
| CN102726275A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-17 | 重庆天开园林景观工程有限公司 | Urea formaldehyde-acrylic acid compound culture substrate and method for preparing same |
| CN102898239A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-30 | 辽宁山水城市园林景观有限公司 | Growth and cultivation matrix used for ecological remediation and preparation method thereof |
| CN103787745A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-05-14 | 刘彧 | Nitrogen and nitrogen-fertilizer foaming foam plant nutritional matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104261950A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 中山市巴斯德农业科技有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer and biochar cultivation medium by using household garbage |
-
2015
- 2015-08-04 CN CN201510472825.8A patent/CN105036955A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1282510A (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2001-02-07 | 贵州毕节地区瑞安科技开发有限责任公司董安玮 | Matrix for soilless culture and its preparing process |
| CN102726275A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-10-17 | 重庆天开园林景观工程有限公司 | Urea formaldehyde-acrylic acid compound culture substrate and method for preparing same |
| CN102898239A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-30 | 辽宁山水城市园林景观有限公司 | Growth and cultivation matrix used for ecological remediation and preparation method thereof |
| CN103787745A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-05-14 | 刘彧 | Nitrogen and nitrogen-fertilizer foaming foam plant nutritional matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104261950A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 中山市巴斯德农业科技有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer and biochar cultivation medium by using household garbage |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105248268A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-01-20 | 山东商道生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising matrix with soil conditioning function |
| CN105384481A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-09 | 山东商道生物科技有限公司 | Culturing and seedling medium for cucurbits and vegetables |
| CN106045736A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 广德县新农民水稻种植专业合作社 | Plant cultivation substrate and preparation method therefor |
| CN107129807A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-09-05 | 西施生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Multifunctional ecotype soil conditioner |
| CN108516882A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-09-11 | 上海沃施园艺股份有限公司 | A kind of rich potassium matrix plant nutrient soil using waxberry dregs waste |
| CN108739389A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽省兰香缘农业生态发展有限责任公司 | A kind of phosphorus magnesium for Ginger Tissue cultivation nursery promotees to release the preparation method of adhesive matrix block |
| CN111296229A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Method for preparing seedling substrate by using co-pyrolysis product of sludge and biogas residues |
| CN115039661A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Adhesive for moss sheets on exposed rock surfaces |
| CN115039661B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-09-15 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Exposed rock surface moss sheet adhesive |
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Application publication date: 20151111 |