CN104261950A - Method for producing organic fertilizer and biochar cultivation medium by using household garbage - Google Patents
Method for producing organic fertilizer and biochar cultivation medium by using household garbage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104261950A CN104261950A CN201410568691.5A CN201410568691A CN104261950A CN 104261950 A CN104261950 A CN 104261950A CN 201410568691 A CN201410568691 A CN 201410568691A CN 104261950 A CN104261950 A CN 104261950A
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- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- winnowing
- domestic refuse
- materials
- cultivation matrix
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing organic fertilizer and a biochar cultivation medium by using household garbage. The method comprises the following steps: after performing manual sorting, winnowing and magnetic separation on the household garbage, adding a compound strain for aerobic fermentation; drying the materials when the water of materials is lower than 40 percent, and enabling the water to be lower than 15 percent; crushing, sieving and winnowing the materials; selecting winnowed materials with lighter weight and carbonizing the materials at the temperature of 300-600 DEG C, and then compounding until the total nutrient is not lower than 5 percent to obtain the organic fertilizer; selecting the winnowed materials with heavier weight for grinding, enabling the crushed materials to pass through a sieve mesh within 2.8-4.0mm, carbonizing the screened materials and compounding to form the biochar cultivation medium. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the conversion rate of the household garbage changed into valuables is improved, the commercial value and the practical value of the household garbage changed into values are increased, the market space is widened, and the pollution is reduced.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing domestic refuse to make fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix, belong to environmental protection agricultural fertilizer technology field.
[background technology]
The technology of charcoal, just flourish in recent years, because charcoal has porousness, there is larger specific surface area thus there is larger adsorptivity, also because of through charing, thus also there is the unreactiveness of height, its functional group such as surface elevation aromatize structure and part of hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl group, carbonyl, to organism and inorganic pollution, there is higher avidity, can be used as a kind for the treatment of agent to carry out the Passivation Treatment of heavy metal-polluted soil.This material, except having the function of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil, also has the function such as culture soil beneficial microorganism, loose ventilative preserve moisture and fertility, obtains the favor of scholar expert, among new patent of applying for also increases just rapidly.
Cultivation matrix can be divided into again inorganic matrix and organic substrate two kinds, inorganic matrix refers to the material such as sand, chad, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, expanded ceramsite, cinder, and organic substrate refers to bark, wood sawdust, peat, reed, mushroom slag, wormcast, coconut palm chaff, rotted leaf, foam pigment, composite interstitial substance etc.
The amount of domestic refuse of China is that tool is large, but utilizes it also to turn waste into wealth on a large scale just sub-fraction, and large portion is all landfill and burning, is a larger pressure to land resources, atmospheric environment, groundwater environment etc.In reality, had many enterprises domestic refuse can be processed preferably, by working substance as metal, plastics, vial, cloth etc. sort out utilization, and to carrying out fermentation composting containing perishable organism, really for landfill only less than 20%.
For screening physically, though technically real not practical, but when sufficient labor force, then can make up the deficiency of separating effect, the technology of landfill is ripe especially, the process of domestic refuse, really will faced by be how to utilize the perishable organism screened to carry out fertilizer making, realize effective combination of environmental protection and agricultural, the thing of institute of enterprise headache just this step exactly, many enterprises also can only be posturing for utilizing domestic refuse to make fertilizer.
Domestic refuse is after sorting, this part material that can be used in fertilizer making still has the first-class thing of many plastics, sand, gravelstone, after fermentation maturity, even if again through selection by winnowing, plastics still can exist by sense organ clearly, affect the demand attitude of client to fertilizer, how to remove the factor that this affects customer demand attitude, being that a lot of enterprise cannot across the sill that must cross, also be the factor of the effective treatment capacity of restriction domestic refuse.
[summary of the invention]
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of utilize domestic refuse to make there is good sense organ and there is the method for fertilizer of passivation heavy metal-polluted soil, culture soil beneficial microorganism, loose ventilative preserve moisture and fertility, also produce a kind of charcoal cultivation matrix simultaneously, utilize domestic refuse largely, reduce landfill rate.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
Utilize domestic refuse to make a method for fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, artificial separation, selection by winnowing and magnetic separation are carried out to domestic refuse after, obtain containing more perishable organic mixture;
B, in described material, add subtilis: aspergillus niger: the composite bacteria that milk-acid bacteria mixes than 20 ~ 50:1:1 ~ 5 by bacterium number, makes described composite bacteria concentration be not less than 300,000/gram;
Between c, adjustment material moisture to 50 ~ 65%, ferment, when material is warmed up to during the fermentation more than 60 DEG C, carry out mandatory ventilation oxygen supply, every day 2 times turning 1 time, until material moisture lower than 40% time, then these materials are dried, make moisture lower than 15%;
D, by moisture lower than 15% material carry out fragmentation, sieve and selection by winnowing, carbonize with carbonization temperature 300 ~ 600 DEG C compared with the material of light fraction after choosing selection by winnowing, then one or more adding in nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are carried out composite, make described material total nutrient be not less than 5%, obtain fertilizer;
The material that after e, selecting step d selection by winnowing, quality is larger carries out grinding, cross 2.8 ~ 4.0mm within screen cloth, then screen underflow is carbonized with carbonization temperature 300 ~ 600 DEG C, again in butt quality, the organic substrate adding 10 ~ 50% mixes, and obtains charcoal cultivation matrix.
The non-organic class materials such as a small amount of sand, stone, glass are included containing in more perishable organic mixture in the present invention.
In the present invention, one of the main purpose of material fermentation is moisture rapid evaporation, therefore adopts the fermentation place not having wall, ceiling to adopt transparent tile during fermentation, and the moisture evaporated like this can freely leave.
The present invention preferably meets the fermentation plant in above-mentioned fermentation place, the organic mixture of domestic refuse constantly heats up in fermenter, when temperature reaches more than 60 DEG C, start to carry out the mandatory ventilation of high pressure positive blower, to reach oxygen supply and to take away the object of moisture content, ventilate every day oxygen supply 2 times supporting turning 1 time, oxygen supply interval will at more than 6h, the turning time does not carry out with oxygen supply simultaneously, more than 3h of being preferably separated by.
5 ~ 10mm sieve crossed by the material that is crushed in steps d of the present invention, and adopts blade type type crusher time broken.
In the present invention in steps d, selection by winnowing can cause the larger material of quality such as glass, sand to be separated with lighter organism major part, more away from the material of air outlet, the material that quality contained by it is larger is fewer, still the larger material of quality and the mixing of a small amount of organism is had after selection by winnowing, compared with light fraction organism also can with the mixing such as a small amount of sand, comparatively light fraction material sediment concentration is no more than 10%, and heavier partial material sediment concentration is more than 10%.
In the present invention, the organism (sediment concentration is less than 10%) compared with light fraction is carbonized, the object of charing is Organic chemical products as plastics carry out carbonization, to eliminate the impact of plastics on fertilizer sense organ, and the carbonization of material outside Organic chemical products is just subsidiary, carbonizing degree is more low better, and temperature carries out groping to regulate according to product appearance.
The organic matrix moisture content added in step e of the present invention is not higher than 40%, and the matrix of the class turfy soil that preferred peat soil, turfy soil, yeast slurry and industrialization make is as the material after Chinese medicine slag, the fermentation of coconut palm chaff.
The overall moisture of the charcoal cultivation matrix that the present invention makes is no more than 30%.The general moisture just considering other raw materials when mixture, to ensure that moisture does not exceed standard, if but Moisture high UCL, suitable dryness in the sun.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage:
(1) improve the transformation efficiency that domestic refuse turns waste into wealth, only remaining less rubbish is used for landfill disposal;
(2) improve domestic refuse turn waste into wealth after commodity value, practical value, increase the market space;
(3) decrease consumer waste filling and embedding, burn occupying and polluting environmental resources;
(4) can realize heavy metal-polluted soil exceed standard administer and fertilizer is provided;
(5) a kind of charcoal cultivation matrix of super quality and competitive price is provided.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1:
To the domestic refuse for the treatment of plant be entered, after artificial separation, selection by winnowing, magnetic separation, remaining containing more perishable organic mixture, be referred to as " organism ";
Organism is added to the composite bacteria being exclusively used in domestic refuse fermentation, this composite bacteria is subtilis: aspergillus niger: milk-acid bacteria mixes than 20:1:5 by bacterium number, composite bacteria mixes after organism, and the composite bacteria bacteria concentration added is not less than 300,000/gram;
About regulating moisture to 60%, then enter fermentation plant to ferment, organism constantly heats up in fermenter, about 48h temperature has reached more than 60 DEG C, then start to carry out the mandatory ventilation of high pressure positive blower, every day in morning 8 and 17 ventilation oxygen supplys in afternoon 2 times, and is matched in about 13 turnings at noon 1 time;
Through fermentation in 12 days, moisture lower than 40%, then adopted dram to dry to these materials, makes moisture lower than 15%, then carried out fragmentation, excessively 5mm sieve and selection by winnowing;
Choose the organism compared with light fraction (sediment concentration is less than 10%) local away from winnowing machine to carbonize, carbonization temperature is 300 DEG C, carbonization time is for maintaining this temperature 1 hour, finally carry out composite to the material after charing: add urea, make its total nutrient be greater than 5%, obtain fertilizer;
Choose the screen cloth carrying out grinding, crossing 4.0mm from material (sediment concentration the is greater than 10%) ball mill that the quality that winnowing machine is closer square is larger, then screen underflow is carbonized, carbonization temperature is 500 DEG C, charing is carried out composite to the material after charing again to carbon granule: by dry mass, add the yeast slurry (moisture is not higher than 40%) in the yeast factory tankage of 30%, and mix, the overall moisture of charcoal cultivation matrix is less than 30%.
Embodiment 2:
To the domestic refuse for the treatment of plant be entered, after artificial separation, selection by winnowing, magnetic separation, remaining containing more perishable organic mixture, be referred to as " organism ";
Organism is added to the composite bacteria being exclusively used in domestic refuse fermentation, this composite bacteria is subtilis: aspergillus niger: milk-acid bacteria mixes than 50:1:1 by bacterium number, composite bacteria mixes after organism, and the composite bacteria bacteria concentration added is not less than 300,000/gram;
About regulating moisture to 55%, then enter fermentation plant to ferment, organism constantly heats up in fermenter, about 48h temperature has reached more than 60 DEG C, then start to carry out the mandatory ventilation of high pressure positive blower, every day in morning 8 and 17 ventilation oxygen supplys in afternoon 2 times, and is matched in about 13 turnings at noon 1 time;
Through fermentation in 15 days, organic materials moisture lower than 40%, then adopted dram to dry to these materials, makes moisture lower than 15%, then carried out fragmentation, excessively 10mm sieve and selection by winnowing;
Choose the organism compared with light fraction (sediment concentration is less than 10%) local away from winnowing machine to carbonize, carbonization temperature is 400 DEG C, carbonization time is for maintaining this temperature 1 hour, finally carry out composite to the material after charing: add phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, make its total nutrient be greater than 5%, obtain fertilizer;
Choose the screen cloth carrying out grinding, crossing 3.5mm from material (sediment concentration the is greater than 10%) ball mill that the quality that winnowing machine is closer square is larger, then screen underflow is carbonized, carbonization temperature is 600 DEG C, charing is carried out composite to the material after charing again to carbon granule: by dry mass, add peat soil and the turfy soil of 50%, and mix, the overall moisture of charcoal cultivation matrix is less than 30%.
Embodiment 3:
To the domestic refuse for the treatment of plant be entered, after artificial separation, selection by winnowing, magnetic separation, remaining containing more perishable organic mixture, be referred to as " organism ";
Organism is added to the composite bacteria being exclusively used in domestic refuse fermentation, this composite bacteria is subtilis: aspergillus niger: milk-acid bacteria mixes than 30:1:5 by bacterium number, composite bacteria mixes after organism, and the composite bacteria bacteria concentration added is not less than 300,000/gram;
About regulating moisture to 58%, then enter fermentation plant to ferment, organism constantly heats up in fermenter, within about 3 days, temperature has reached more than 60 DEG C, then start to carry out the mandatory ventilation of high pressure positive blower, every day in morning 8 and 17 ventilation oxygen supplys in afternoon 2 times, and is matched in about 13 turnings at noon 1 time;
Through fermentation in 10 days, organic materials moisture lower than 40%, then adopted dram to dry to these materials, makes moisture lower than 15%, then carried out fragmentation, excessively 8mm sieve and selection by winnowing;
Choose the organism compared with light fraction (sediment concentration is less than 10%) local away from winnowing machine to carbonize, carbonization temperature is 600 DEG C, carbonization time is for maintaining this temperature half an hour, finally carry out composite to the material after charing: add phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, make its total nutrient be greater than 5%, obtain fertilizer;
Choose the screen cloth carrying out grinding, crossing 2.8mm from material (sediment concentration the is greater than 10%) ball mill that the quality that winnowing machine is closer square is larger, then screen underflow is carbonized, carbonization temperature is 300 DEG C, charing is carried out composite to the material after charing again to carbon granule: by dry mass, add the coconut palm chaff (moisture about 35%) of 10%, and mix, the overall moisture of charcoal cultivation matrix is less than 30%.
Claims (7)
1. utilize domestic refuse to make a method for fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, artificial separation, selection by winnowing and magnetic separation are carried out to domestic refuse after, obtain containing more perishable organic mixture;
B, in described material, add subtilis: aspergillus niger: the composite bacteria that milk-acid bacteria mixes than 20 ~ 50:1:1 ~ 5 by bacterium number, makes described composite bacteria concentration be not less than 300,000/gram;
Between c, adjustment material moisture to 50 ~ 65%, ferment, when material is warmed up to during the fermentation more than 60 DEG C, carry out mandatory ventilation oxygen supply, every day 2 times turning 1 time, until material moisture lower than 40% time, then these materials are dried, make moisture lower than 15%;
D, by moisture lower than 15% material carry out fragmentation, sieve and selection by winnowing, carbonize with carbonization temperature 300 ~ 600 DEG C compared with the material of light fraction after choosing selection by winnowing, then one or more adding in nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are carried out composite, make described material total nutrient be not less than 5%, obtain fertilizer;
The material that after e, selecting step d selection by winnowing, quality is larger carries out grinding, cross 2.8 ~ 4.0mm within screen cloth, then screen underflow is carbonized with carbonization temperature 300 ~ 600 DEG C, again in butt quality, the organic substrate adding 10 ~ 50% mixes, and obtains charcoal cultivation matrix.
2. a kind of method utilizing domestic refuse to make fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that described containing in more perishable organic mixture includes non-organic class material.
3. a kind of method utilizing domestic refuse to make fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix according to claim 1, adopts the fermentation place not having wall, ceiling to adopt transparent tile when it is characterized in that the fermentation of described material.
4. a kind of method utilizing domestic refuse to make fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that 5 ~ 10mm sieve crossed by the material that is crushed in steps d.
5. a kind of method utilizing domestic refuse to make fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix according to claim 1, after it is characterized in that steps d selection by winnowing, comparatively light fraction material sediment concentration is no more than 10%, and heavier partial material sediment concentration is more than 10%.
6. a kind of method utilizing domestic refuse to make fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that the organic matrix moisture content added in described step e is not higher than 40%.
7. a kind of method utilizing domestic refuse to make fertilizer and charcoal cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that the overall moisture of described charcoal cultivation matrix is no more than 30%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410568691.5A CN104261950A (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Method for producing organic fertilizer and biochar cultivation medium by using household garbage |
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| CN201410568691.5A CN104261950A (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2014-10-22 | Method for producing organic fertilizer and biochar cultivation medium by using household garbage |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104987228A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-21 | 蒋文兰 | Production method of domestic garbage charred nutrient soil |
| CN105036955A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-11 | 深圳风会云合生态环境有限公司 | Plant cultivation substrate |
| CN105598158A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-25 | 中南大学 | Phosphorus-based biochar material, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN106915891A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-07-04 | 郭舒洋 | A kind of oil plant oily sludge is innoxious and processing method of resource |
| CN107266262A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-10-20 | 曲沃县万乡红肥业有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization fruit tree, the organic waste of vegetables production prepare organic fertilizer |
| CN107973629A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-05-01 | 常州市瑞泰物资有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high usage phosphate fertilizer |
| CN108913722A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-11-30 | 中山市巴斯德农业科技有限公司 | A kind of integrated conduct method of garden garbage |
| CN111296229A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Method for preparing seedling substrate by using co-pyrolysis product of sludge and biogas residues |
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| CN1644492A (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2005-07-27 | 彭立军 | Charcoal production from house refuse |
| CN102583313A (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2012-07-18 | 浙江大学 | Rural household garbage carbonization method, prepared products using same, and application |
| CN103172420A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-06-26 | 曾凡强 | Broad-spectrum applicable organic material decomposition agent |
| CN103342590A (en) * | 2013-07-27 | 2013-10-09 | 中山市巴斯德农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by kitchen garbage |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1644492A (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2005-07-27 | 彭立军 | Charcoal production from house refuse |
| CN102583313A (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2012-07-18 | 浙江大学 | Rural household garbage carbonization method, prepared products using same, and application |
| CN103172420A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-06-26 | 曾凡强 | Broad-spectrum applicable organic material decomposition agent |
| CN103342590A (en) * | 2013-07-27 | 2013-10-09 | 中山市巴斯德农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by kitchen garbage |
| CN103951480A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-30 | 余剑 | Process and method for comprehensive utilization of garden wastes |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104987228A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-21 | 蒋文兰 | Production method of domestic garbage charred nutrient soil |
| CN105036955A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-11 | 深圳风会云合生态环境有限公司 | Plant cultivation substrate |
| CN105598158A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-05-25 | 中南大学 | Phosphorus-based biochar material, and preparation and application thereof |
| CN106915891A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-07-04 | 郭舒洋 | A kind of oil plant oily sludge is innoxious and processing method of resource |
| CN107266262A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-10-20 | 曲沃县万乡红肥业有限公司 | A kind of method that utilization fruit tree, the organic waste of vegetables production prepare organic fertilizer |
| CN107973629A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-05-01 | 常州市瑞泰物资有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high usage phosphate fertilizer |
| CN108913722A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-11-30 | 中山市巴斯德农业科技有限公司 | A kind of integrated conduct method of garden garbage |
| CN111296229A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Method for preparing seedling substrate by using co-pyrolysis product of sludge and biogas residues |
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