CN105028261B - One kind preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed - Google Patents
One kind preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed Download PDFInfo
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- CN105028261B CN105028261B CN201510338729.4A CN201510338729A CN105028261B CN 105028261 B CN105028261 B CN 105028261B CN 201510338729 A CN201510338729 A CN 201510338729A CN 105028261 B CN105028261 B CN 105028261B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of effectively preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed, belong to sea crabs class raising technology field.The present invention is using Z1 Newly hatchleds as subjects, 5000IU/L (international unit/L) is concentration gradient, 72h nystatin security and efficiency assay have been carried out in the range of 0~50000IU/L Drug levels, it is final determine Z1 Newly hatchleds being placed in cultivate juvenile crab according to a conventional method after nystatin 25000IU/L water body Chinese herb baths 3h and can effectively prevent nosomycosis.The mode that the present invention separately carries out juvenile crab dipping processing and seed rearing, the above-mentioned side effect produced by medication can be avoided completely.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of effectively preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed, belong to sea crabs class raising technology
Field.
Background technology
Nosomycosis is the common disease in Scylla paramamosain (hereinafter referred to as mud crab) Seedling production.The disease is typically in juvenile crab abnormal
Second day of Z2 (the second stage of zoea larva), which is concentrated, breaks out, and can cause most of juvenile crab in seedling pond dead in 5~12h.Ill juvenile crab
Apparent symptom is turned white for body colour, and individual vitality of subject declines, and arborization mycelia can be clearly apparent under microscope, also shows maturation
Mycelium bears elongated delivery pipe, reaches host in vitro, its end is expanded for spherical top capsule.Because the disease is in addition to mud crab,
Also often there is generation in the Seedling production of the crustaceans such as Eriocheir sinensis, Portunus trituberculatus Miers, prawn, and it is strong with infectiousness,
The characteristics of death rate is high, therefore paid high attention to by industry.The cause of disease essentially from parent crab oogenesis hatch during, substrate or
The fungi of the category such as the chain chytrid (Lagenidium SP) grown under the conditions of grade that water quality is not good enough on crab ovum, after incubating oosperm
Enter seedling pond with Newly hatchled.The fungi zoospore on the young is attached to, through dormancy after a while, to young body
Interior stretching germ tube, as germ tube expands, develops into new mycelium, is mushroomed out in the young, the young is covered with quickly complete
Body, causes the young dead.Because mud crab nursery is generally carried out under 28~30 DEG C of hot conditions, pathogen breeding speed under the conditions of being somebody's turn to do
Degree is exceedingly fast, and seedling can be caused not produced normally when disease is broken out, heavy economic losses is caused.
Therefore, the mycotic preventing and treating of mud crab produces particularly significant for mud crab seedlings.At the beginning of 21 century, China's mud crab seedlings life
Usually using trefanocide (Thailand produces, 40% cream preparation), formalin (formalin) and methylene blue etc. as anti-in production
Control mycotic medicine.Application method is respectively：(1) trefanocide, by final concentration 0.05ml/m after the Z1 young enters pond3Use fresh water
Dilution, full pool spilling head；(2) formalin, is put into ovigerous crab and incubates young tank (pond) and treat that antenatal sunset is added in water body, maintains
25ml/m3Final concentration until the young hatch；(3) methylene blue, after the Z1 young enters pond, by 0.1g/m3~0.5g/m3End
Concentration full pool spilling head.
It is worth noting that, above-mentioned several mycotic methods of preventing and treating, in recent years because the medicine medicine residual phase used is long or makes
It is disabled or limitation is used with the reason such as effect is not good.Such as：(1) trefanocide is as a kind of agricultural herbicide, because its is with low cost,
Nosomycosis effect is prevented and treated substantially to be received and widely used by domestic and international mud crab, prawn Seedling production unit, but later due to it not
It is degradable, it is easy to biological accumulation and to the reason such as aquatile is poisonous, banning drugs are listed in the world.China is also from 2011
Forbid applying trefanocide in aquaculture.(2) formaldehyde is a kind of broad-spectrum sterilization, desinsection chemicals, because with volatile, medicine
The residual phase is short, to crustacean growth, survival of random is smaller the advantages of be applied to aquaculture.But in mud crab seedlings production,
Formaldehyde is to mycotic prevention effect not as antimycotic medicines such as methylene blue, nystatin.In addition, formaldehyde is applied to true
Bacterium disease preventing and treating, although will not to the growing of juvenile crab, metamorphosis has a direct impact, but can be to the early stage biological feeds of the juvenile crabs such as wheel animalcule
Larger injury is produced with the effective microorganisms in seedling system, so as to influence the growth of juvenile crab indirectly and survive.Productivity
Show using result, 3000/m is generally below with the formaldehyde preventing and treating mycotic unit of water body output of seedling of mud crab seedlings3, comprehensive effect
Fruit is not good.(3) methylene blue be its oxidisability is mainly used in a kind of thiazin dyes, aquaculture come realize sterilization and
The purpose of desinsection.Research shows that methylene blue is better than malachite green in the preventing and treating mycotic effect of Eriocheir sinensis Vitro Embryo
And formaldehyde, but due to this medicine have with malachite green identical triphenylmenthane structure, toxic side effect is very strong, there is expert advice
The class of banning drugs one is included in, application prospect is not also had an optimistic view of.As can be seen here, the nosomycosis of suitable mud crab seedlings produce reality is sought
Medicine and its application method are prevented and treated, the development to blue crab cultivation industry has great importance.
The content of the invention
The mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed is prevented and treated it is an object of the invention to provide one kind.
The premise of mud crab seedlings nosomycosis preventing and treating is that medicine used has to comply with the relevant regulations that national drug is managed, and energy
Effectively suppress fungus breeding, product quality is stable, and growing and seedling pond ecological including food organisms to juvenile crab
Environment has no adverse effects；In addition, in addition it is also necessary to cultivate feature according to mud crab seedlings, economic, effective medicine application method is selected.Press
According to mentioned above principle, present invention selection nystatin is used as the preventing and treating mycotic first-use drug of mud crab seedlings.The medicine is behaved with oral
Medicine, belongs to many ene-type antibiotic pharmacy, with conjugated polyene macrolide structure, can suppress fungi activity.In terms of application method, this
Invention is according to the mycotic characteristics of incidence of mud crab seedlings, using Z1~Z2 and Z2~Z3 survival rates as foundation is compared, for mud crab Z1
Two different developmental phases of Newly hatchled and the Z2 young at initial stage have carried out nystatin fungus control effect test, finally determine Z1
Newly hatchled is the nystatin suitable medication stage.On this basis, fungus breeding can be suppressed for screening, but juvenile crab is grown,
Abnormal nothing serious rational use of medicines dosage and administration time, the present invention is using Z1 Newly hatchleds as subjects, and 5000IU/L is (international single
Position/L) it is concentration gradient, 72h nystatin security and validity have been carried out in the range of 0~50000IU/L Drug levels
Experiment, it is final to determine to cultivate crab according to a conventional method after Z1 Newly hatchleds are placed in into nystatin 25000IU/L water body Chinese herb baths 3h
Seedling can effectively prevent nosomycosis.
Specific implementation method is：
Shortly before A, oogenesis parent crab hatch the Z1 young, put it into 400L circular flat bottom hatching barrels, embraced in each hatching barrel
Ovum parent crab stocking rate is depending on Individual Size：More than parent crab individual weight 300g (oogenesis quantity more than 2,000,000), 1/barrel；It is small
In 300g (below oogenesis quantity 1,500,000), 2/barrel.Inflated under dark condition and wait to produce.
B, when embryonated egg all hatch, after Z1 Newly hatchleds are all free in water body, parent crab is taken out, stopped the supple of gas or steam, up time
Pin stirs water body, is removed and gathered after the debris such as dead ovum, excrement together using siphonage, by 25000IU/L final concentrations by 20
(500000IU/ pieces) mildew making plain piece is placed in 250 eye mesh screens, with freshwater soaking, dissolving, filtering after splash into hatching barrel.Fill
Stop inflation under gas, dark condition after dipping 3h, the juvenile crab for fishing for light floating with bailer is put into nursery pond, routinely nursery side
Method cultivates juvenile crab.
Described siphonage, is this area routine techniques, reference can be made to document：
Li Huiyu, flood profit substrates small brown shrimp is grown and survival rate experimental study, Chinese aquatic science,
2007(1)：90-98.
Ji Wenxiu, Wang Yan, Tang Jinyu sea-farmings spend perch to the apparent digestibility of several forage protein raw materials, Fisheries Science
Report, 2010 (1)：101-107.
The final concentration of described nystatin, refers to the total international potency unit value of nystatin divided by hatches inner bucket water
The concentration that volume is obtained.
Inflated in wherein step A when producing, keep dissolved oxygen amount>5mg/L, 28~30 DEG C of water temperature.
Mildew making plain piece freshwater soaking in wherein step B, dissolving, filtering are concretely comprised the following steps：Mildew making plain piece is with light
Water rinses out casing, and filtering is washed by rubbing with the hands using 250 mesh sieve thin,tough silk after immersion.
Wherein step B Chinese herb baths when, keep dissolved oxygen amount>5mg/L, 28~30 DEG C of water temperature.
In the present invention, each period refers to respectively in mud crab Z1~M (megalops larva)：Z1 represents the phase of mud crab zoea larva 1,
Z2 represents the phase of zoea larva 2, by that analogy；M represents blue crab megalops.
Mud crab Z1 Newly hatchleds refer to：Due to the phase of zoea larva 1 generally go through 3 days or so cultivation can shell metamorphosis be Magna
The phase of the shape young 2, Z1 Newly hatchleds refer to just from incubating oosperm come, i.e., the Z1 young of the 1st day.
Z2 refers to initial stage：The usual phase of zoea larva 2 after 2 days or so cultivate can shell metamorphosis be the phase of zoea larva 3, Z2
Refer to the Z2 young just from the Z2 phase young, i.e., the 1st day that Z1 is abnormal to be come initial stage.
Beneficial effect
For mud crab nosomycosis cause of disease, the young time of hatching is the present invention essentially from oogenesis parent crab and under normal circumstances
The morning 6：00~8：00,4~5h bait of not ingesting is researched and developed, energy the characteristics of do not interfere with its normal development by metamorphosis after the young hatches
It is enough effectively to prevent mycotic generation in mud crab seedlings production process, and prevented and treated with medicine of directly being splashed in nursery pond in the past
Mycotic conventional method is compared, and medicine usage amount of the invention is only the 1/20 of conventional method, and drug cost is each from originally
92 yuan of nursery pond is reduced to 4 yuan.In addition, the nystatin effective content of commercially available mildew making plain piece is 500000IU/ pieces, by starch
Formed with the mixing compacting of nystatin active compound.Because the starch used as binder account for significant proportion, routine side wherein
After method medication, seedling water matter is caused to be ruined to avoid starch from entering pond, it usually needs to keep seedling pond water stabilization by changing water greatly, this
It not only can be lost in seedling water the biological feed such as wheel animalcule, the normal of influence juvenile crab is ingested, and change nursery is remained in after water
Starch in water body will turn into the hidden danger of influence seedling pond water stabilization.The present invention separates juvenile crab dipping processing and seed rearing
The mode of progress, the above-mentioned side effect produced by medication can be avoided completely.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limitation the scope of the present invention.In addition, it is to be understood that after the content of the invention lectured has been read, people in the art
Member can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent form of values equally fall within the application appended claims and limited
Scope.
Embodiment 1
The present invention has carried out Resistance mechanism preventing and treating green grass or young crops respectively in June, 2013 and in June, 2014 using nystatin
The mycotic industrial experimentation of juvenile crab kind.It is 15m to test twice using two mouthfuls of specifications2The outdoor nursery of (3m × 5m × 1.4m)
Pond.Wherein, routine administration, i.e. full pool spilling head mode, test area 30m are used within 20132(Liang Kouchi)；Use this hair within 2014
Bright application method, test area 60m2(two mouthfuls of ponds are respectively repeated once).The young breeding density of two kinds of application methods is 80,000
Only/m3；Using wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii as mud crab Z1~M (megalops larva) breeding phase primary biological bait.Experimental period
Between, routine administration mode changes waterside number and quantity of exchanged water higher than application method of the present invention, application method of the present invention during medication
Only added water on a small quantity before Z3, do not change water.Bait maintains the basic phase of both control measures such as density, intensity of illumination, salinity, temperature
Together.
Routine administration mode seedling growth test, by the abnormal that afternoon medications to Z2 of Z1, to save dosage, is used in juvenile crab
Seedling pool water level is down to 55cm by 80cm before medicine, by 25000IU/L final concentrations by 400 mildew making plain pieces (500000IU/ pieces)
(Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nysfungin, Chinese medicines quasi-word H33021393) is placed in 250 eye mesh screens plus freshwater soaking, molten
Pond is splashed into after solution.After dipping 3h, change washing for continuous 2 times and remove residual liquor in seedling water, afterwards by normal seedling raising mannerses pipe
Reason.
Z1 Newly hatchleds after being handled through application method dipping of the present invention are put into Miao Chihou and managed using normal seedling raising mannerses.
Shortly before A, oogenesis parent crab hatchling, put it into 400L circular flat bottom hatching barrels, oogenesis in each hatching barrel
Parent crab stocking rate is depending on Individual Size：More than parent crab individual weight 300g (oogenesis quantity more than 2,000,000), 1/barrel；It is less than
300g (below oogenesis quantity 1,500,000), 2/barrel.Inflated under dark condition and wait to produce.
B, after the young all hatches, parent crab is taken out, stopped the supple of gas or steam, water body is stirred clockwise, using siphonage remove gather
After the debris such as dead ovum, excrement together, 20 (500000IU/ pieces) mildew making plain pieces are placed in 250 by 25000IU/L final concentrations
In eye mesh screen, with freshwater soaking, dissolving, filtering after splash into hatching barrel.Stop inflation under inflation, dark condition after dipping 3h,
The juvenile crab for fishing for light floating with bailer is put into nursery pond, and routinely method for culturing seedlings cultivates juvenile crab.
Industrial experimentation result shows：Can be normal abnormal to Z2 using two mouthfuls of nursery pond Z1 young of routine administration mode,
Metamorphosis and survival rate is respectively 80% and 85%, and the metamorphosis and survival rate for 82.5%, the Z2~Z3 that is averaged is respectively 33% and 40%, is averaged
36.5%.At the end of nursery, two mouthfuls of test seedling ponds harvest megalops larva 80,000 and 150,000 respectively, and unit of water body emerges 5925
Only/m3With 11111/m3, average 8518/m3；Using four mouthfuls of seedling ponds of application method of the present invention, Z1~Z2 metamorphosis is survived
Rate is 70%~85%, average 78.5% in 90% or so, Z2~Z3 metamorphosis and survival rate, and each phase metamorphosis and survival rate is significantly high
In routine administration.At the end of nursery, four mouthfuls of test seedling ponds harvest megalops larva 15~300,000/pond respectively, and average 22.75 ten thousand
Only/pond, unit of water body is averagely emerged 16852/m3(megalops larva is calculated by 100,000/500g).
The result of the test under the application effect of nystatin, two kinds of application methods is taken a broad view of to be superior to wait to produce using formaldehyde treated
The nosomycosis controlling mode of oogenesis parent crab, nystatin is regarded as preventing and treating the mycotic preferable medicine of mud crab seedlings；Using
In method, compared with routine administration mode, mud crab larval metamorphosis at the initial stage survival rate under application method of the present invention is high, unit of water body
Output of seedling is improved by about one time, with easy, effective and cost-effective realistic meaning.
Embodiment 2
Nystatin fungus control has been carried out for two different developmental phases of mud crab Z1 Newly hatchleds and the Z2 young at initial stage
Effect test, it is final to determine that Z1 Newly hatchleds are the nystatin suitable medication stage.
Specifically test procedure is：Mud crab Z1 Newly hatchleds, the Z2 young at initial stage 120 are taken respectively, respectively set three experimental groups, with
40 are one group and are put into the beaker that volume is 1L, the final concentration of 25000IU/L of nystatin in beaker.Experimental stage is to take turns
Worm is bait, inflation, keeps dissolved oxygen amount in water body>5mg/L, all beakers are soaked in in 800L circular flat bottom Plastic Drum,
To ensure that water temperature is more constant in beaker, maintains 28~30 DEG C.Whole test duration 72h, checks blue or green in beaker per 24h
The metamorphosis of the crab young and survival condition, calculate different experiments group Z1~Z2, Z2~Z3 metamorphosis and survival rate, while changing in beaker
Water body and bait, to ensure the drug concentration of nystatin in water body, and keep water quality pure and fresh.Experimental result such as table 1 below：
The average metamorphosis and survival rates of Z1~Z2 and Z2~Z3 after the different juvenile stage nystatin processing of table 1
Result of the test is shown in Z1 Newly hatchleds stage medication relative to Z2 juvenile stage at initial stage mud crab young Z1~Z2, Z2
~Z3 metamorphosis and survival rate is significantly higher, thereby determines that the suitable medication stage that Z1 Newly hatchleds are nystatin.
Embodiment 3
Using Z1 Newly hatchleds as subjects, 5000IU/L (international unit/L) is concentration gradient, in 0~50000IU/L
72h nystatin security and efficiency assay have been carried out in the range of Drug level, it is final to determine Z1 Newly hatchleds being placed in
Nosomycosis can effectively be prevented by cultivating juvenile crab according to a conventional method after nystatin 25000IU/L water body Chinese herb baths 3h.
Specifically test procedure is：Using Z1 Newly hatchleds as subjects, using the beaker of 1L volumes as experiment container, setting
Nystatin concentration gradient is as follows：0IU/L、5000IU/L、10000IU/L、15000IU/L、20000IU/L、25000IU/L、
30000IU/L、40000IU/L、50000IU/L；3 parallel, 40 Z1 of dispensing in each beaker are set under each drug concentration
Inflated in Newly hatchled, beaker, keep dissolved oxygen amount>5mg/L, all beakers are soaked in in 800L circular flat bottom Plastic Drum,
To ensure that water temperature is more constant in beaker, maintains 28~30 DEG C.Each experimental group water body is replaced by no system after dipping 3h
The sterilization sand filter water of moldin addition, then begins to culture experiment.Whole test duration 72h, using wheel animalcule as bait, the inspection per 24h
The metamorphosis of the mud crab young and survival condition in beaker are looked into, while water body and bait in beaker are changed, to keep water quality pure and fresh and suitable
When food density.Result of the test such as table 2 below：
24-72h mud crab young average viabilities after the processing of the various concentrations nystatin of table 2
Result of the test is shown：In whole process of the test, the Z1 Newly hatchleds after being handled by nystatin 3h dippings are survived
Rate is significantly improved, and in nystatin drug concentration>Larvae survival rate is stable more than 80% during 25000IU/L, it is contemplated that system
Moldin drug concentration is basicly stable more than larvae survival rate after 25000IU/L, to save drug cost, determines 25000IU/L
For the optimal use concentration of nystatin during breeding production.
Claims (4)
1. one kind preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed, is carried out as steps described below：
A, oogenesis parent crab is put into 400L circular flat bottom hatching barrels, oogenesis parent crab stocking rate regards Individual Size in each hatching barrel
Depending on：More than parent crab individual weight 300g, oogenesis quantity more than 2,000,000,1/barrel；Less than 300g, oogenesis quantity 1,500,000 with
Under, 2/barrel；Inflated under 28~30 DEG C of water temperature, dark condition and wait to produce；
B, after the young all hatches, parent crab is taken out, stopped the supple of gas or steam, water body is stirred clockwise, using siphonage remove gather together
Dead ovum, excrement, mildew making plain piece is placed in 250 eye mesh screens by 25000IU/L final concentration, with freshwater soaking, dissolving, mistake
Hatching barrel is splashed into after filter；Stop inflation under 28~30 DEG C of water temperature, inflation, dark condition after dipping 3h, fish for light floating
Juvenile crab is put into nursery pond, and routinely method for culturing seedlings cultivates juvenile crab.
2. a kind of preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein step
Inflated in A when producing, keep dissolved oxygen amount>5mg/L.
3. a kind of preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein step
Mildew making plain piece fresh water flush falls casing in B, and filtering is washed by rubbing with the hands using 250 mesh sieve thin,tough silk after immersion.
4. a kind of preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wherein step
During B Chinese herb baths, dissolved oxygen amount is kept>5mg/L.
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| CN103141422A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-12 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Cultivation method for green crab seedlings in pond |
| CN103651200A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 北海市振发海洋产业科技有限公司 | Juvenile crab cultivating method for high-sea swimming crabs |
| CN104663544A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-03 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Artificial indoor seedling breeding method for charybdis feriatus |
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- 2015-06-18 CN CN201510338729.4A patent/CN105028261B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5181117B2 (en) * | 2008-02-21 | 2013-04-10 | 長崎県 | Mosquito aquaculture equipment and moss aquaculture method |
| CN101790967A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-08-04 | 淮海工学院 | Culture method of early-breeding seedlings of Charybdis japonica |
| CN102106278A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-06-29 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for breeding marine crabs artificially |
| CN103141422A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-12 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Cultivation method for green crab seedlings in pond |
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