CN105028261A - Method for effectively preventing and controlling fungal disease of scylla paramamosain larvae - Google Patents

Method for effectively preventing and controlling fungal disease of scylla paramamosain larvae Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105028261A
CN105028261A CN201510338729.4A CN201510338729A CN105028261A CN 105028261 A CN105028261 A CN 105028261A CN 201510338729 A CN201510338729 A CN 201510338729A CN 105028261 A CN105028261 A CN 105028261A
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crab
nystatin
scylla paramamosain
larvae
oogenesis
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CN105028261B (en
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王伟
马凌波
顾孝连
蒋科技
乔振国
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East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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East China Sea Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention provides a method for effectively preventing and controlling the fungal disease of scylla paramamosain larvae and belongs to the technical field of seawater crab breeding. The method comprises the following steps: adopting first zoea Z1 as a test object, adopting 5000IU/L(international unit/L) as the concentration gradient, carrying out testing of safety and effectiveness of nystatin for 72 hours in the medicine-concentration range of 0-50000IU/L, and finally determining that the occurrence of the fungal disease can be effectively prevented by putting the first zoea Z1 in 25000IU/L water body of the nystatin, carrying out medicated bath for 3 hours and culturing the scylla paramamosain larvae according to a conventional method. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that by adoption of the mode that the medicated bath treatment of the scylla paramamosain larvae and the larvae culture are separately carried out, the side effect caused by medicine usage can be completely avoided.

Description

A kind of mycotic method of control Scylla paramamosain seed
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of mycotic method of effectively control Scylla paramamosain seed, belong to sea crabs class raising technology field.
Background technology
Mycosis is the common disease in Scylla paramamosain (hereinafter referred to as mud crab) Seedling production.This disease is general is that concentrating for second day of Z2 (the second stage of Magna zoea larva) is broken out at juvenile crab abnormal, and most of juvenile crab in seedling pond can be caused in 5 ~ 12h dead.The apparent symptom of ill juvenile crab is that body colour is turned white, and individual vitality of subject declines, and clearly can see arborization mycelia under microscope, the mycelium also showing maturation bears elongated delivery pipe, reaches outside host, and its end expands for spherical top capsule.Because this disease is except mud crab, in the Seedling production of the crustaceans such as Eriocheir sinensia, Portunus trituberculatus Miers, prawn, also often have generation, and it is strong to have contagiosity, the feature that lethality is high, is therefore subject to showing great attention to of industry.This disease pathogen is mainly between the close crab oogenesis incubation period, and the fungi that the chain chytrid (LagenidiumSP) etc. grown on crab ovum under substrate or the condition such as water quality is not good enough belongs to, enters Miao Chi with Newly hatchled after incubating oosperm.Be attached to the fungi zoospore on the young, through dormancy after a while, in young body, stretch out germ tube, along with germ tube expands, develop into new mycelium, ramp in the young, be covered with young whole body very soon, cause the young dead.Because mud crab nursery is carried out usually under 28 ~ 30 DEG C of hot conditions, under this condition, pathogen reproduction speed is exceedingly fast, and seedling field can be caused normally to produce, cause heavy economic losses when disease is broken out.
Therefore, the mycotic control of mud crab is produced very important for mud crab seedlings.At the beginning of 21 century, China's mud crab seedlings uses trefanocide (Thailand produces, 40% cream preparation), formalin (formalin) and methylene blue etc. as the mycotic medicine of control usually in producing.Using method is respectively: (1) trefanocide, by final concentration 0.05ml/m after the Z1 young enters pond 3with fresh water dilution, full pool spilling head; (2) formalin, puts at ovigerous crab and incubates young tank (pond) and treat that antenatal sunset joins water body, maintain 25ml/m 3final concentration until the young hatches; (3) methylene blue, after the Z1 young enters pond, by 0.1g/m 3~ 0.5g/m 3final concentration full pool spilling head.
It should be noted that the mycotic method of above-mentioned several control, in recent years because the reasons such as the medicine medicine residual phase used is long or result of use is not good are disabled or restriction uses.As: (1) trefanocide is as a kind of agricultural herbicide, accepted because it is with low cost, prevent and treat mycosis successful by domestic and international mud crab, prawn Seedling production unit and widely use, but afterwards because it is not easily degraded, be easy to biological accumulation and to the reason such as aquatile is poisonous, be listed in banning drugs in the world.China also forbade applying trefanocide in aquaculture from 2011.(2) formaldehyde is a kind of broad-spectrum sterilization, desinsection chemicals, because of have volatile, the medicine residual phase is short, to crustacean growth, survival of random be less etc., advantage is applied to aquaculture.But in mud crab seedlings is produced, formaldehyde is not so good as the antimycotic such as methylene blue, nystatin medicine to mycotic control efficiency.In addition, formaldehyde is applied to mycosis control, although can not have a direct impact the growth of juvenile crab, metamorphosis, larger injury can be produced to the effective microorganisms in the early stage biological feed of the juvenile crabs such as wheel animalcule and seedling system, thus the growth of remote-effects juvenile crab and surviving.Full-scale application result shows, with the mycotic unit of water body output of seedling of formaldehyde control mud crab seedlings generally lower than 3000/m 3, resultant effect is not good.(3) methylene blue is a kind of thiazin dyes, aquaculture mainly utilizes its oxidisability to realize the object of sterilization and desinsection.Research shows, methylene blue is better than malachite green and formaldehyde in control Eriocheir sinensia Vitro Embryo mycotic effect, but has the triphenylmenthane structure identical with malachite green due to this medicine, and toxic and side effect is very strong, have expert advice to be listed in banning drugs one class, application prospect is not also had an optimistic view of.As can be seen here, seek applicable mud crab seedlings and produce actual mycosis control medicine and using method thereof, the development of blue crab cultivation industry is had great importance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of mycotic method of control Scylla paramamosain seed.
The prerequisite of mud crab seedlings mycosis control is the relevant regulations that medicine used must meet national drug management, and can effectively breed by Antifungi, constant product quality, and the seedling pond ecological environment growing and comprise food organisms of juvenile crab is had no adverse effects; In addition, also need to cultivate feature according to mud crab seedlings, select economic, effective medicine using method.According to mentioned above principle, the present invention selects nystatin as the mycotic first-use drug of control mud crab seedlings.This medicine behaviour oral medicine, belongs to the pharmacy of polyenoid type antibiotic, has conjugated polyene macrolide structure, can Antifungi activity.Using method aspect, the present invention is according to the mycotic characteristics of incidence of mud crab seedlings, with Z1 ~ Z2 and Z2 ~ Z3 survival rate for comparing foundation, carry out nystatin fungus control effect test for mud crab Z1 Newly hatchled and the Z2 initial stage young two different developmental phases, finally determined that Z1 Newly hatchled is that nystatin is suitable for the medication stage.On this basis, for screening can be bred by Antifungi, but to juvenile crab growth, abnormal nothing serious rational use of medicines dosage and administration time, the present invention with Z1 Newly hatchled for subjects, 5000IU/L (international unit/L) is concentration gradient, within the scope of 0 ~ 50000IU/L Drug level, carried out nystatin safety and the efficiency assay of 72h, cultivating juvenile crab according to a conventional method after finally determining Z1 Newly hatchled to be placed in nystatin 25000IU/L water body Chinese herb bath 3h can effectively prevent mycosis from occurring.
Specific implementation method is:
Shortly before A, oogenesis parent crab hatch the Z1 young, put it in 400L circular flat bottom hatching pail, in each hatching pail, oogenesis parent crab stocking rate is depending on Individual Size: close crab more than individual weight 300g (oogenesis quantity more than 2,000,000), 1/barrel; Be less than 300g (oogenesis quantity less than 1,500,000), 2/barrel.Inflate under dark condition and wait to produce.
B, all to hatch when fertilized egg, Z1 Newly hatchled is all free on after in water body, close crab is taken out, stop the supple of gas or steam, clockwise stirring water body, after adopting siphonage to remove the foreign material such as dead ovum, ight soil gathered together, by 25000IU/L final concentration, 20 (500000IU/ sheet) nystatin sheets are placed in 250 eye mesh screens, splash into hatching pail with after freshwater soaking, dissolving, filtration.Stop inflation after dipping 3h under inflation, dark condition, the juvenile crab of fishing for light floating with bailer puts into nursery pond, and seedling-cultivating method cultivates juvenile crab routinely.
Described siphonage is this area routine techniques, can see document:
Li Huiyu, Hong Xingrun. substrate to the experimental study of the growth of little brown shrimp and survival rate, Chinese aquatic science, 2007 (1): 90-98.
Ji Wenxiu, Wang Yan, Tang Jinyu. mariculture spends perch to the apparent digestibility of several forage protein raw material, aquatic product journal, 2010 (1): 101-107.
The final concentration of described nystatin, refers to the concentration that the total international potency unit value of nystatin obtains divided by the volume of hatching inner bucket water.
Wherein inflate in steps A in time producing, keep dissolved oxygen amount >5mg/L, water temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C.
Wherein in step B, the concrete steps of nystatin sheet freshwater soaking, dissolving, filtration are: nystatin sheet fresh water flush falls casing, use 250 mesh sieve thin,tough silk to wash filtration by rubbing with the hands after soaking.
Wherein during step B Chinese herb bath, keep dissolved oxygen amount >5mg/L, water temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C.
In the present invention, in mud crab Z1 ~ M (megalops larva), each period refers to respectively: Z1 represents mud crab Magna zoea larva 1 phase, and Z2 represents Magna zoea larva 2 phase, by that analogy; M represents blue crab megalops.
Mud crab Z1 Newly hatchled refers to: due to Magna zoea larva 1 phase usually through about 3 days cultivation can shell metamorphosis for Magna zoea larva 2 phase, Z1 Newly hatchled refers to just to come from incubating oosperm, i.e. the Z1 young of the 1st day.
The Z2 initial stage refers to: Magna zoea larva 2 phase can shell metamorphosis be Magna zoea larva 3 phase after cultivation in about 2 days usually, and the Z2 initial stage refers to just abnormal and next from the Z1 Z2 phase young, i.e. the Z2 young of the 1st day.
Beneficial effect
The present invention is directed to mud crab mycosis cause of disease mainly from oogenesis parent crab and the young time of hatching is 6:00 ~ 8:00 in the morning under normal circumstances, after the young hatches, 4 ~ 5h bait of not ingesting can not affect the feature of its normal development by metamorphosis and research and develop, effectively can prevent mycotic generation in mud crab seedlings production process, and with in the past direct compared with mycotic conventional method prevented and treated by medicine of splashing in nursery pond, medicine usage amount of the present invention is only 1/20 of conventional method, and drug cost is reduced to 4 yuan from original each nursery pond 92 yuan.In addition, the nystatin effective content of commercially available nystatin sheet is 500000IU/ sheet, is formed by starch and nystatin former medicine mixing compacting.Because the starch used as binder account for significant proportion wherein, after conventional method medication, entering pond for avoiding starch causes seedling pond water quality to be ruined, usual needs keep seedling pond water stabilization by changing greatly water, this not only to make in seedling water the biological feeds such as wheel animalcule run off, affect normally ingesting of juvenile crab, and the starch remained in after changing water in seedling water will become the hidden danger affecting seedling pond water stabilization.Juvenile crab dipping process is separated the mode of carrying out with seed rearing by the present invention, can avoid the above-mentioned side effect produced because of medication completely.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after the content of having read the present invention's instruction.
Embodiment 1
The present invention has carried out the mycotic industrial experimentation of Resistance mechanism control mud crab seedlings respectively at applying nystatin in June, 2013 and in June, 2014.Twice test all utilizes two mouthfuls of specifications to be 15m 2the outdoor nursery pond of (3m × 5m × 1.4m).Wherein, within 2013, routine administration, i.e. full pool spilling head mode is adopted, test area 30m 2(Liang Kouchi); Within 2014, adopt application method of the present invention, test area 60m 2(two mouthfuls of ponds are respectively repeated once).The young breeding density of two kinds of application methods is 80,000/m 3; Using wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii as the primary biological bait of mud crab Z1 ~ M (megalops larva) breeding phase.Duration of test, routine administration mode changes waterside number and quantity of exchanged water higher than application method of the present invention during medication, and application method of the present invention only added water on a small quantity before Z3, did not change water.It is substantially identical that bait maintains both control measures such as density, intensity of illumination, salinity, temperature.
Routine administration mode seedling growth test juvenile crab by abnormal medication that afternoon to Z2 of Z1, for economizing on dose, before medication, seedling pool water level is down to 55cm by 80cm, by 25000IU/L final concentration by 400 nystatin sheets (500000IU/ sheet) (Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nysfungin, the accurate word H33021393 of traditional Chinese medicines) be placed in 250 eye mesh screens add freshwater soaking, dissolve after splash into pond.After dipping 3h, continuous changing for 2 times is washed except residual liquor in seedling water, afterwards by normal seedling raising manners management.
Normal seedling raising manners is adopted to manage after Z1 Newly hatchled after application method dipping process of the present invention puts into seedling pond.
Shortly before A, oogenesis parent crab hatchling, put it in 400L circular flat bottom hatching pail, in each hatching pail, oogenesis parent crab stocking rate is depending on Individual Size: close crab more than individual weight 300g (oogenesis quantity more than 2,000,000), 1/barrel; Be less than 300g (oogenesis quantity less than 1,500,000), 2/barrel.Inflate under dark condition and wait to produce.
B, after the young all hatches, close crab is taken out, stop the supple of gas or steam, clockwise stirring water body, after adopting siphonage to remove the foreign material such as dead ovum, ight soil gathered together, by 25000IU/L final concentration, 20 (500000IU/ sheet) nystatin sheets are placed in 250 eye mesh screens, splash into hatching pail with after freshwater soaking, dissolving, filtration.Stop inflation after dipping 3h under inflation, dark condition, the juvenile crab of fishing for light floating with bailer puts into nursery pond, and seedling-cultivating method cultivates juvenile crab routinely.
Industrial experimentation result shows: adopt two mouthfuls of normal metamorphosis of nursery pond Z1 young energy of routine administration mode to Z2, metamorphosis and survival rate is respectively 80% and 85%, and the metamorphosis and survival rate of average 82.5%, Z2 ~ Z3 is respectively 33% and 40%, average 36.5%.At the end of nursery, two mouthfuls of test seedling ponds gather in the crops megalops larva 80,000 and 150,000 respectively, and unit of water body is emerged 5925/m 3with 11111/m 3, average 8518/m 3; Adopt four mouthfuls of seedling ponds of application method of the present invention, the metamorphosis and survival rate of Z1 ~ Z2 is all 70% ~ 85% at the metamorphosis and survival rate of about 90%, Z2 ~ Z3, average 78.5%, and each phase metamorphosis and survival rate is significantly higher than routine administration.At the end of nursery, four mouthfuls of test seedling ponds gather in the crops megalops larva 15 ~ 300,000/pond respectively, average 22.75 ten thousand/pond, and unit of water body is on average emerged 16852/m 3(megalops larva calculates by 100,000/500g).
Take a broad view of the effect of nystatin, the result of the test under two kinds of application methods is all better than using formaldehyde treated to wait to produce the mycosis controlling mode of oogenesis parent crab, and nystatin can think the mycotic desirable medicine of control mud crab seedlings; In using method, compared with routine administration mode, the mud crab initial stage larval metamorphosis survival rate under application method of the present invention is high, and unit of water body output of seedling improves nearly one times, has easy, effective and cost-saving realistic meaning.
Embodiment 2
Carry out nystatin fungus control effect test for mud crab Z1 Newly hatchled and the Z2 initial stage young two different developmental phases, finally determined that Z1 Newly hatchled is that nystatin is suitable for the medication stage.
Concrete test procedure is: get mud crab Z1 Newly hatchled, the Z2 initial stage young 120 respectively, respectively establish three experimental group, and be one group of beaker put into volume and be 1L with 40, in beaker, the final concentration of nystatin is 25000IU/L.Experimental stage take wheel animalcule as bait, inflation, and keep dissolved oxygen amount >5mg/L in water body, all beakers are soaked in the circular flat bottom Plastic Drum of 800L, to ensure that in beaker, water temperature is comparatively constant, maintains 28 ~ 30 DEG C.Whole test duration 72h, every 24h check metamorphosis and the survival condition of the mud crab young in beaker, calculate different experiments group Z1 ~ Z2, the metamorphosis and survival rate of Z2 ~ Z3, change water body and bait in beaker simultaneously, to ensure the drug concentration of nystatin in water body, and keep water quality pure and fresh.Experimental result is as following table 1:
The average metamorphosis and survival rate of Z1 ~ Z2 and Z2 ~ Z3 after the process of table 1 different juvenile stage nystatin
It is significantly higher relative to the metamorphosis and survival rate of Z2 initial stage juvenile stage mud crab young Z1 ~ Z2, Z2 ~ Z3 that result of the test is presented at Z1 Newly hatchled stage medication, determines that Z1 Newly hatchled is the suitable medication stage of nystatin thus.
Embodiment 3
With Z1 Newly hatchled for subjects, 5000IU/L (international unit/L) is concentration gradient, within the scope of 0 ~ 50000IU/L Drug level, carried out nystatin safety and the efficiency assay of 72h, cultivating juvenile crab according to a conventional method after finally determining Z1 Newly hatchled to be placed in nystatin 25000IU/L water body Chinese herb bath 3h can effectively prevent mycosis from occurring.
Concrete test procedure is: with Z1 Newly hatchled for subjects, with the beaker of 1L volume for experiment container, setting nystatin concentration gradient is as follows: 0IU/L, 5000IU/L, 10000IU/L, 15000IU/L, 20000IU/L, 25000IU/L, 30000IU/L, 40000IU/L, 50000IU/L; Arrange under each drug concentration 3 parallel, 40 Z1 Newly hatchled are thrown in each beaker, inflation in beaker, keep dissolved oxygen amount >5mg/L, all beakers are soaked in the circular flat bottom Plastic Drum of 800L, to ensure that in beaker, water temperature is comparatively constant, maintains 28 ~ 30 DEG C.After dipping 3h, each experimental group water body is replaced by the sterilization sand filter water added without nystatin, starts culture experiment subsequently.Whole test duration 72h take wheel animalcule as bait, and every 24h checks metamorphosis and the survival condition of the mud crab young in beaker, changes water body and bait in beaker, with the food density keeping water quality pure and fresh and suitable simultaneously.Result of the test is as following table 2:
24-72h mud crab young average viability after the process of table 2 variable concentrations nystatin
Result of the test shows: in whole process of the test, significantly improved by the Z1 Newly hatchled survival rate after nystatin 3h dipping process, and larvae survival rate is stabilized in more than 80% when nystatin drug concentration >25000IU/L, consider that nystatin drug concentration is basicly stable more than larvae survival rate after 25000IU/L, for saving drug cost, determine that 25000IU/L is the best working concentration of nystatin in breeding production process.

Claims (4)

1. prevent and treat the mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed, carry out according to following step:
A, oogenesis parent crab is put into 400L circular flat bottom hatching pail, in each hatching pail, oogenesis parent crab stocking rate is depending on Individual Size: close crab more than individual weight 300g, oogenesis quantity more than 2,000,000,1/barrel; Be less than 300g, oogenesis quantity less than 1,500,000,2/barrel; Inflate under dark condition and wait to produce;
B, after the young all hatches, close crab is taken out, stops the supple of gas or steam, clockwise stirring water body, adopt siphonage to remove the dead ovum, the ight soil that gather together, by the final concentration of 25000IU/L, nystatin sheet is placed in 250 eye mesh screens, splashes into hatching pail with after freshwater soaking, dissolving, filtration; Stop inflation after dipping 3h under inflation, dark condition, the juvenile crab of fishing for light floating puts into nursery pond, and seedling-cultivating method cultivates juvenile crab routinely.
2. the mycotic method of one control Scylla paramamosain seed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein inflate in steps A in time producing, keep dissolved oxygen amount >5mg/L, water temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C.
3. the mycotic method of one control Scylla paramamosain seed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein in step B, nystatin sheet fresh water flush falls casing, uses 250 mesh sieve thin,tough silk to wash filtration by rubbing with the hands after soaking.
4. the mycotic method of one control Scylla paramamosain seed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein during step B Chinese herb bath, keeps dissolved oxygen amount >5mg/L, water temperature 28 ~ 30 DEG C.
CN201510338729.4A 2015-06-18 2015-06-18 One kind preventing and treating mycotic method of Scylla paramamosain seed Active CN105028261B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5181117B2 (en) * 2008-02-21 2013-04-10 長崎県 Mosquito aquaculture equipment and moss aquaculture method
CN101790967A (en) * 2010-03-19 2010-08-04 淮海工学院 Culture method of early-breeding seedlings of Charybdis japonica
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