CN105028183B - Synchronous polygamous combined hybridization method for asparagus - Google Patents
Synchronous polygamous combined hybridization method for asparagus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105028183B CN105028183B CN201510354566.9A CN201510354566A CN105028183B CN 105028183 B CN105028183 B CN 105028183B CN 201510354566 A CN201510354566 A CN 201510354566A CN 105028183 B CN105028183 B CN 105028183B
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- asparagus
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Abstract
The invention provides a synchronous polygamous combined hybridization method for asparagus. The synchronous polygamous combined hybridization method for asparagus comprises the steps of building a combined hybridization greenhouse, building female parent arched sheds, planting a female parent, planting a male parent, controlling the flowering phase, pollinating and harvesting, wherein the female parent arched shed building step is that a plurality of independent arched sheds are built in the hybridization greenhouse, and aisles are reserved between the arched sheds; the female parent planting step is that the asparagus female parent is planted in the arched sheds, two rows of female parent asparagus are planted in each arched sheds, the line spacing is 1.5-1.8 m, the row spacing is 1-1.3 m, the asparagus female parent is planted in the centers of ditches, then soil coverage is conducted, and the soil covering thickness is 7-8 cm; the male parent planting step is that the asparagus male parent is planted in a potting manner; the flowering phase control step is that growth of the male parent is controlled through a temperature regulation method, so that male and female parent flowering synchronization is realized. By adoption of the hybridization method, compared with the prior art, the asparagus hybridization efficiency is improved by 8-10 times and the hybridization seed setting rate is 86-90%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant hybridization breeding method, more particularly to a kind of how female male synchronization group of asparagus is with hybrid method.
Background technology
China cultivation asparagus start from 20 century 70s, asparagus seeds rely primarily on import, due to introduce kind mostly
Be it is inferior get over generation and plant, disease resistance is poor, and the Yield of Asparagus of production is low, poor quality, and it is not high to cause to plant asparagus economic benefit, seriously makes
The development of Yue Liao China Asparagus Industry.For this purpose, China has carried out asparagus research work from the beginning of the eighties, the high yield for studying asparagus is excellent
Matter cultivation technique, cultivates the improved seeds for adapting to the main producing region cultivation of China's difference.Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Weifang City cultivated in 1994
First, Chu Liao China has the asparagus kind Shandong asparagus No. 1 of independent intellectual property right, and hereafter, breeding man of China has cultivated two in succession
A series of asparagus kinds such as times body, polyploid, all-male, have been done step-by-step seed self-supporting.At present, China's planting asparagus area and product
Amount ranks first in the world.
Sexual hybridization is one of important breeding technique of asparagus.Asparagus is dioecian plant, is to ensure seed purity, is prevented
Mix, strictly to be isolated when assembling hybridization.Conventional method is male flower and the one-to-one hybridization of female flower：Female plant flower petal still
When not deployed, spray pruned and is arranged, with Callophane Bag or sulfuric acid paper bag bagging isolation；After female flower petal launches, win just
In the male flower of loose powder, paper bag is removed, male flower is gently wiped on pistil stigma, then the female flower for awarding powder is entangled with paper bag.It is female
Flower petal needs pollination in time, the ability for receiving pollen more than 2 d substantially to weaken after launching, setting percentage meeting degradation, therefore miscellaneous
Artificial pollination is wanted during friendship more than twice daily, and because maternal point is planted, pollination every time can only do a combination.Due to asparagus not
Disconnected taking out sends out new tender stem, does not turn off new flower, thus entirely the hybridization phase constantly to repeat：Pruning-bagging isolation-pluck bag is awarded
Powder-bagging isolation this process.It can be seen that, conventional bagging assembles cross combination, and Duration of hybridization is longer, takes a lot of work, time-consuming, work
Work amount is big, and not easy to operate, efficiency is low, and affects seed development, and Cross fertile rate is relatively low, and the germination percentage of cenospecies is also relatively low.Cause
This, it is necessary to improve artificial bagging and assemble hybridizing method, prior art can be overcome with hybrid method using how female one male synchronization group
Defect, improves asparagus breeding efficiency.
There is following defect and deficiency in prior art：It is low that asparagus assembles hybridization efficiency；Cross fertile rate is low；What hybridization was obtained
Seed purity is not high enough；Percentage of seedgermination is low；Crossover process needs a large amount of artificial.
The content of the invention
The present invention is not enough for more than, there is provided a kind of how female male synchronization group of asparagus matches somebody with somebody hybrid method, realizes following invention mesh
's：
1st, improve asparagus and assemble hybridization efficiency, make hybridization efficiency improve 8-10 times；
2nd, Cross fertile rate is improved, makes setting percentage be 86-90%；
3rd, hybrid seed purity is improved, makes seed purity be 100%；
4th, hybrid seed germination percentage is improved, makes percentage of seedgermination be 95.2-95.8%；
5th, the Parent fertility time limit is extended；
6th, the labo r usage needed for crossbreeding process is reduced.
To realize above goal of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of how female male synchronization group of asparagus matches somebody with somebody hybrid method, including foundation assembles hybridization booth, sets up maternal shed, plant
Maternal, plant male parent, blooming control, pollination, results step.
The following is the further improvement to above-mentioned technical proposal：
Described foundation female parent shed step：In hybridization booth, several independent sheds are set up, stayed between each shed
There is aisle.
Described plant female parent step：In shed, plantation asparagus is maternal；2 rows of plantation female parent asparagus, line-spacing in per shed
1.5 m ~ 1.8 m, spacing in the rows is 1 m ~ 1.3 m, and asparagus female parent is planted in into ditch center, then buries native covering, buries soil thickness for 7 ~ 8
cm。
Described plant male parent step：Asparagus male parent adopts potted plant growth.
Described blooming control step：Male parent growth is controlled by temperature control method, Parent flower synchronization is made.
Described temperature control method：Before asparagus spear is sprouted, potted plant male parent is placed in into regulation and control interior, controls male parent ground temperature
At 10 ± 0.5 DEG C；15 DEG C are reached when maternal ground temperature daytime, night reaches 8 DEG C, when per day maternal ground temperature is 12 ± 0.5 DEG C, will
Male parent is removed from controlling chamber, is grown under same environmental conditions with female parent.
Described pollination step：Male parent stays 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong stems, female parent to stay 5 ~ 6 healthy and strong stems；Bloom in Parent asparagus
Phase, male parent is respectively put in maternal shed.
Described results step：65 d-70 d after pollination, seed becomes laking can be harvested.
Using hybridizing method of the present invention, asparagus hybridization efficiency is higher than prior art 8-10 times, and Cross fertile rate is 86-90%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1st, significantly improve and assemble hybridization efficiency, than prior art 8-10 times is improved.Multiple independent sheds are set up in booth,
Have fly net to isolate between different sheds, there is multiple female parents in each shed, can synchronization group match somebody with somebody multiple cross combinations, meanwhile,
Male parent adopts potted plant growth, beneficial to mobile and replacing, enriches the hybridization group mode of Parent, and, closed using honeybee
Formula is pollinated, not artificially limited, is greatly improved and is assembled hybridization efficiency.
2nd, setting percentage is significantly improved, setting percentage brings up to 86-90%.By the growth for adjusting temperature adjusting male parent, reach
Father, maternal flower synchronization, more traditional male parent is adopted bamboo shoot coordination father, maternal florescence and is compared, and paternal pollen vigor is higher, greatly increases
Pollen fertility, crossover process does not affect maternal normal growth, and hybrid seed is full, substantially increases setting percentage, bagging hybridization knot
Real rate is only 45-50%.
3rd, the hybrid seed purity for obtaining is up to 100%.Hybridizing method is assembled using the present invention, female parent material can strictly isolate,
With the closed pollination of honeybee, the purity of cenospecies can reach 100%.
4th, the cenospecies germination percentage for obtaining reaches 95.2-95.8%.Hybridizing method is assembled using the present invention, female parent is not affected
Normal growth, hybrid seed is full, and germination percentage is higher than the hybrid seed of prior art 7-8 percentage point.
5th, Parent fertility time limit 5-8 is extended.Booth rain shelter cultivation is carried out to asparagus Parent material, canopy has both been strengthened
Interior ventilation, can mitigate disease again, extend Parent fertility time limit 5-8.
6th, operating process is convenient, saves artificial 89-92%.Using hybridizing method of the present invention, traditional pruning is eliminated whole
Branch-bagging isolation-pluck the complicated procedures such as bag pollination-bagging isolation, simplifies crossover process, simple and easy to do, hybridizes the amount of labour used
Reduce at double.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for assembling hybridization booth.
In figure：1- sealed polyethylene plastics, 2- fly nets, 3- sheds, 4- beehives, 5- asparagus male parent planting pots.
Specific embodiment
A kind of how female male synchronization group of the asparagus of embodiment 1 matches somebody with somebody hybrid method
Step 1 is set up and assembles hybridization booth
Plastic house material for light transmittance more than 90% sealed polyethylene plastic, the film of booth both sides is fixed on liftoff
The m of face 1.5 high position, is easy to aeration-cooling in canopy.
It is 0.18 mm that booth both sides are fixed with string diameter, and width of mesh is the white polyethylene fly net of 32 mesh, prevents booth
Interior entrance insect pollination.
Step 2 sets up maternal shed
In the hybridization booth of step 1, several independent sheds, high 2 m of shed, wide 3.5 m, it is ensured that asparagus has are set up
Enough growing spaces；The wide aisle of 1.2 m is left between each shed.
Several female parent materials are planted in the shed for setting up several independent in booth, each shed, can disposably simultaneously
Multiple cross combinations are assembled, asparagus is substantially increased and is assembled hybridization efficiency.
Step 3 is transplanted female parent
In the shed of step 2, the excellent asparagus transplanted is maternal, and parental varieties are Apollo, individual plant numbering be Apollo-
1。
In shed, along north and south row to the cultivation ditch for digging deep, wide each 50 cm, the kg of mu organic fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000 and nitrogen,
The kg of NPK 40 ~ 50 of phosphorus, potassium each 15%, by fertilizer and ditch soil backfill is mixed, and pours water heavy real.
2 rows of plantation female parent asparagus in per shed, m ~ 1.8 m of line-spacing 1.5, spacing in the rows is 1 m ~ 1.3 m, and asparagus is maternal fixed
Ditch center is implanted in, native covering is buried after field planting, bury soil thickness for 7 ~ 8 cm.
Before female parent is bloomed, string diameter is covered on shed for 0.18 mm, the white polyethylene fly net of 32 mesh, fly net four
To be compacted in week obturage.
Step 4 plant male parent
Asparagus male parent adopts potted plant growth, asparagus male parent planting pot：High 1 m of basin, a diameter of 0.6 m.
Asparagus male parent varieties are Ji Neimu, and individual plant numbering is Ji Neimu -3.
Basin soil is sandy loam, first mixes soil, fertilizer by the dose of female parent material, then fills basin, pours water heavy real,
Basin center is colonized asparagus male parent, and one plant is planted per basin.
Step 5 regulation florescence
The minimum mean ground temperature that asparagus female plant and staminiferous plant tender shoots sprout is respectively 12 DEG C and 10 DEG C, thus the florescence of female plant compared with
Staminiferous plant 10 d of evening or so, by temperature control method male parent growth is controlled, and makes Parent flower synchronization.
Described temperature control method：
A. during early spring, before asparagus spear is sprouted, male parent is positioned over into regulation and control indoor；
B. with intelligent soil temperature and humidity analyzer, dynamic measurement female parent ground temperature, the maternal ground temperature is planting of maternal area ground
Temperature at 10 cm of face lower section；
C. the indoor temperature of regulation and control is adjusted, makes male parent ground temperature maintain 10 ± 0.5 DEG C, the male parent ground temperature is male parent plantation
Temperature in basin at 10 cm of soil surface lower section；
D. 15 DEG C are reached when maternal ground temperature daytime, night reaches 8 DEG C, when per day maternal ground temperature is 12 ± 0.5 DEG C, by father
This is removed from controlling chamber, is grown under same environmental conditions with female parent, maternal normal growth always.
Step 6 is pollinated
Male parent stays 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong stems, remaining tender stem to remove in time, to ensure plant vigorous growth and improve Pollen Activity.
Female parent stays 5 ~ 6 healthy and strong stems, remaining tender stem to remove in time, it is ensured that seed is neatly full.
In Parent asparagus florescence, male parent is respectively put in maternal shed, beehive is placed with shed, awarded by honeybee
Powder, fly net of obturaging during pollination, in case string powder.
Step 7 is harvested
65 d ~ 70 d after pollination, seed becomes laking can be harvested, the asparagus of September just first pollination by the end of August
Harvesting seed.
Male parent is removed shed, next year and replaceable male parent by pollination after terminating, and cross combination is assembled, according to same step
Suddenly, it is cross-breeding.
A kind of how female male synchronization group of the asparagus of embodiment 2 matches somebody with somebody hybrid method
Using the hybridizing method of embodiment 1, only change the kind of asparagus Parent, carry out embodiment 2-5 assembles hybridization；
The kind of the asparagus Parent that embodiment 2-5 is adopted is as follows：
Embodiment 2：Asparagus parental varieties are that individual plant numbering is up to Maas -4 up to Maas；
Asparagus male parent varieties are Dutch all-male, and individual plant numbering is Dutch all-male -8.
Embodiment 3：Asparagus parental varieties are Atlas, and individual plant numbering is Atlas -2；
Asparagus male parent varieties are West Germany's all-male, and individual plant numbering is West Germany's all-male -3.
Embodiment 4：Asparagus parental varieties are Glan moral, and individual plant numbering is Glan moral -6；
Asparagus male parent varieties are damp western giant, and individual plant numbering is damp western giant -9.
Embodiment 5：Asparagus parental varieties are UC115, and individual plant numbering is UC115-6；
Asparagus male parent varieties are French all-male, and individual plant numbering is French all-male -4.
The experimental result of embodiment 1-5 crossbreeding is shown in Table 1：
The crossbreeding result of embodiment 1-5 of table 1
Using hybridizing method of the present invention, hence it is evident that raising assembles hybridization efficiency, hence it is evident that improve setting percentage, save a large amount of artificial,
Hybridization efficiency improves 8-10 times, and setting percentage brings up to 86-90%, the artificial 89-92% of saving, the purity of hybrid of acquisition up to 100%,
Percentage of seedgermination reaches 95.2-95.8%.
Jing is tested, and compared with prior art, hybridizing method of the present invention has advantages below：
1st, hybridizing method of the present invention is adopted, several mothers of plantation in multiple independent sheds, each shed is set up in booth
This material, disposably can assemble multiple cross combinations simultaneously, substantially increase asparagus and assemble hybridization efficiency.
2nd, hybridizing method of the present invention is adopted, by the growth for adjusting temperature adjusting male parent, father, maternal flower synchronization is reached,
More traditional male parent is adopted bamboo shoot coordination father, maternal florescence and is compared, and paternal pollen vigor is higher, greatly increases pollen fertility.
3rd, adopt hybridizing method of the present invention, eliminate traditional pruning-bagging isolation-pluck bag pollination-bagging every
From complicated procedures are waited, crossover process is simplified, simple and easy to do, the hybridization amount of labour used is reduced at double.
4th, adopt hybridizing method of the present invention, whole pollinating process to carry out under the conditions of totally-enclosed, without artificial operation, keep away
The generation of string powder in conventional hybridization method is exempted from, it is ensured that the purity of cenospecies.
5th, adopt hybridizing method of the present invention, male parent to adopt potted plant growth, beneficial to mobile and replacing, greatly enrich Parent
Hybridization group mode, improve breeding efficiency.
6th, booth rain shelter cultivation is carried out to asparagus Parent material, while strengthening ventilation in canopy, disease can be mitigated, extended
Parent gives birth to the time limit.
Hybrid method is matched somebody with somebody using the how female male synchronization group of asparagus of the present invention, asparagus is fundamentally solved and is relied on bagging
Isolation female flower and the Crossing system of artificial pollination, enormously simplify crossing work amount, and whole process is easy to operation, does not affect female parent
Normal growth, male parent movement is flexible, and pollen fertility is stronger, in each crossbreeding canopy can synchronization group match somebody with somebody several cross combinations,
Increased and assemble hybridization efficiency, to promoting asparagus breeding process significant.
General principle, general characteristics and the major advantage of the present invention are foregoing has outlined, and the present invention are disclosed with reference to example,
But the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, the technical scheme that all employing equivalents or equivalent transformation are obtained all should
Within protection scope of the present invention.Although above-described embodiment and specification have been described in detail to the present invention, this area
Technical staff, the technical scheme of examples detailed above can be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, this
A little equivalents and improvement should be included within the scope of the present invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended right
Claim and its equivalent are defined.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of how female male synchronization group of asparagus matches somebody with somebody hybrid method, it is characterised in that：Assemble hybridization booth, set up maternal including foundation
Shed, maternal plant, plant male parent, blooming control, pollination, results step；
Described foundation female parent shed step：In hybridization booth, several independent sheds are set up, left away between each shed
Road；
Described plant female parent step：In shed, plantation asparagus is maternal；
Described plant male parent step：Asparagus male parent adopts potted plant growth；
Described pollination step：In Parent asparagus florescence, male parent is respectively put in maternal shed；
Described blooming control step：Male parent growth is controlled by temperature control method, Parent flower synchronization is made；
Described temperature control method：Before asparagus spear is sprouted, potted plant male parent is placed in into regulation and control interior, control male parent ground temperature is 10
±0.5℃；15 DEG C are reached when maternal ground temperature daytime, night reaches 8 DEG C, when per day maternal ground temperature is 12 ± 0.5 DEG C, by male parent
Remove from controlling chamber, grow under same environmental conditions with female parent.
2. a kind of how female male synchronization group of asparagus according to claim 1 matches somebody with somebody hybrid method, it is characterised in that：Described plant
Maternal step：2 rows of the interior plantation female parent asparagus per shed, m ~ 1.8 m of line-spacing 1.5, spacing in the rows is 1 m ~ 1.3 m, by the maternal cultivation of asparagus
Ditch center is implanted in, native covering is then buried, soil thickness is buried for 7 ~ 8 cm.
3. a kind of how female male synchronization group of asparagus according to claim 1 matches somebody with somebody hybrid method, it is characterised in that：Described pollination
Step：Male parent stays 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong stems, female parent to stay 5 ~ 6 healthy and strong stems.
4. a kind of how female male synchronization group of asparagus according to claim 1 matches somebody with somebody hybrid method, it is characterised in that：Described results
Step：65 d-70 d after pollination, seed becomes laking can be harvested.
5. a kind of how female male synchronization group of asparagus according to claim 1 matches somebody with somebody hybrid method, it is characterised in that：Cross fertile rate
For 86-90%.
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| CN104871957B (en) * | 2015-06-08 | 2017-07-14 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Wheat chemical emasculation three-level combines producing method for seed |
| CN113039973A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-29 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Improve hybridization canopy of asparagus maturing rate |
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| US20100186107A1 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-22 | Grain Foods Crc Ltd | Methods of producing improved fragrant plants |
| CN203087101U (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-07-31 | 杭州佳惠农业开发有限公司 | Asparagus crossbreeding shed |
| CN203353300U (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-12-25 | 嘉兴劳利辛现代农业科技有限公司 | Asparagus planting shed |
| CN203353293U (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-12-25 | 利津田野农业开发有限责任公司 | Crop natural pollination greenhouse |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103636387B (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-07-22 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Protected cultivation method for green asparagus in warm regions |
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2015
- 2015-06-25 CN CN201510354566.9A patent/CN105028183B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100186107A1 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-22 | Grain Foods Crc Ltd | Methods of producing improved fragrant plants |
| CN203087101U (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-07-31 | 杭州佳惠农业开发有限公司 | Asparagus crossbreeding shed |
| CN203353293U (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-12-25 | 利津田野农业开发有限责任公司 | Crop natural pollination greenhouse |
| CN203353300U (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-12-25 | 嘉兴劳利辛现代农业科技有限公司 | Asparagus planting shed |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 芦笋大棚栽培技术;孙国民等;《杭州农业与科技》;20091231(第3期);第41-42页 * |
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