CN105028176A - Rapid seedling selection method of litchi - Google Patents
Rapid seedling selection method of litchi Download PDFInfo
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- CN105028176A CN105028176A CN201510315712.7A CN201510315712A CN105028176A CN 105028176 A CN105028176 A CN 105028176A CN 201510315712 A CN201510315712 A CN 201510315712A CN 105028176 A CN105028176 A CN 105028176A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid seedling selection method of litchi. The rapid seedling selection method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a natural hybridization seed selection source region, and observing the meeting probability and the continuous days of female and staminate flowers of different varieties; (2) picking all completely ripe fruits in the seed selection source region during the fruit ripening period, taking seeds of the fruits, recording the names of female-parent varieties, washing the seeds, imbibing, accelerating germination, sowing seeds with cracked bases and sprouts each day, so that high emergence rate is guaranteed; (3) sowing litchi seeds by adopting noodle furrowing type sowing or spreading sowing, for establishing a litchi natural pollination seedling population with sufficient number; (4) in the growth period of seedlings after sowing, carrying out tip cutting treatment during the sprouting period of litchi from July to September, and only reserving one new litchi tip; and (5) from February to April in spring of each year after the second year of sowing, investigating the flower formation condition of seedlings, primarily selecting high-quality single plants, and top grafting to an authentication garden in autumn for further screening and identification. With the adoption of the method, the problem that the genetic diversity loses during seedling selection of litchi is effectively solved, and the probability of natural hybridization combination of litchi is enriched.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree hybridization breeding technical field, more specifically relate to a kind of method that lichee natural crossing is chosen seeds fast.
Background technology
Lichee is one of four most important fruit in provinces and regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Fujian.There are unreasonable two hang-ups very concentrated with the maturing stage of breed structure in current lichee industry, varieties distribution solves the obligato important step of this two hang-up, all the time, realizes the innovation of Litchi Varieties mainly through seed selection of growing directly from seeds.
The seed selection of growing directly from seeds of fruit tree refers to the breeding method selecting Clonal Cultivar from the natural variation that Seedling propagation produces, obtain many improved seeds by carrying out Single-plant selection to natural world existing lichee result seedling tree and be applied to production, most of Litchi Varieties that current production is planted is selected in this way, but this seed choosing method that naturally grows directly from seeds also exists technical bottleneck, owing to taking grafting for a long time, the asexual reproduction method of bending pruning, the plantation of single variety, and the loss of the many germ plasm resources to cause because of land expropriation, the genetic diversity of producing region lichee is constantly lost, being grown directly from seeds by producing region, to realize the innovation of Litchi Varieties hard to carry in seed selection.
For solving this difficult problem, people attempt, from collection spontaneous pollination planting seed, creating seedling density, carrying out the seed selection of growing directly from seeds of lichee.Forefathers have also carried out some and have attempted, but the seedling density created is all less, and the time limit selecting improved seeds is longer.Create nature seedling density one of committed step of succeeding of carrying out choosing seeds and be that the genetic diversity of provenance will enrich and the seedling density quantity created is large, country lichee garden, Fruit Tree Germplasm Resources Guangzhou Collection and conservation more than 300 part of lichee resource, enter the resource more than 200 part of the phase of yielding positive results, there is extremely abundant genetic background, by the spontaneous pollination between variety source, greatly can increase the quantity of hybrid combination, improve the efficiency of lichee crossbreeding, therefore the research of lichee Germplasm Resources natural crossing breeding is had great importance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, there is above-mentioned technical bottleneck to solve the seed selection of naturally growing directly from seeds of existing lichee, providing a kind of lichee natural crossing to grow directly from seeds fast seed choosing method.One is can be fewer and feweri for the lichee resource of growing directly from seeds of seed selection, and two is that much resource genetic background of naturally growing directly from seeds is relatively single, and the genetic diversity of producing region lichee is constantly lost, and alternative genetic variation is less.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of lichee grows directly from seeds seed choosing method fast, and method step of its seed selection is:
(1) select natural crossing seed selection provenance, provenance requires that genetic diversity enriches, and observes different cultivars resource male and female flowering meet probability and continuous days;
(2) pluck all abundant mellow fruits in provenance during fruit maturation, and obtain seed, record parental varieties title; By clean for wash seeds, imbibition, vernalization process, select kind of the base of a fruit seed sprouted that ftractures every day and sow, guarantee high emergence rate.
(3) adopt furrow noodles shape program request or broadcast sowing formula sowing Litchi chinensis Seeds, create the lichee spontaneous pollination seedling density that quantity is enough large;
(4) growth stage after seedling sowing, annual 7-9 month lichee is taken out the tip phase and is carried out smearing tip process, only retains a lichee young sprout;
(5) sow the annual 2-4 month in spring after Second Year, become flower situation to investigate to seedling, and tentatively select fine individual plant, after tentatively selecting fine individual plant, carry out height autumn and receive qualification garden, carry out further Screening and Identification.
Object of the present invention can also be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Further, obtaining seed adopts artificial stripping meat mode to obtain.
Further, adopt furrow noodles shape program request or the lichee line-spacing that broadcasts sowing formula to be 12-14 ㎝, spacing in the rows is 6-10 ㎝, i.e. the density of about 80-120 Zhu/㎡.
Further, adopt black sunshade net scaffolding to shelter from heat or light in the position of seedling sowing, seedling is shaded and can prevent being exposed to the sun after coming up, and improves emergence rate and growth promoting effects.
Further, when becoming flower situation to investigate to seedling, find into colored plant and list and perform mark, and follow-up investigation fruit properties; When its height receives qualification garden, every high being connected to of individual plant lacks three strains.
More specifically:
Find through long-term investigation, from where gathering Litchi chinensis Seeds sowing, concerning nature and to grow directly from seeds the success or failure of choosing seeds.This research is carried out in lichee garden, national fruit tree kind matter Guangzhou, the lichee germ plasm resource that this resource garden Collection and conservation is abundant, 145 parts that were bloomed in lichee garden in 2010,618 strain lichee kind matter observed results in flowering stage show, every part of germ plasm resource nature positive crossing and negative crossing unit mahine can have 13 days by the number of days of blooming all more than 70 parts, illustrates that the probability of lichee natural crossing is very high; There is from No. 2, first litchi, Ma Guichi litchi, Austronesia non-kernel lichee, osmanthus taste, purple ma happiness etc. 5 parts the probability of the resource natural crossing of important character, even No. 2, first litchi of Early maturity also has the time can accept 70 parts of resources in 7 day pollination, the time of pollination can be provided then to have 9 days to 70 parts of resources, and the natural positive crossing and negative crossing unit mahine of other 4 parts of resources can bloom number of days more than 23 days all more than 70 parts, this resource further demonstrating field gene bank has very high natural crossing probability.Therefore lichee garden, national fruit tree kind matter Guangzhou is more satisfactory lichee natural crossing breeding provenance.
During fruit maturation, pluck all abundant mellow fruits of lichee Germplasm Resources, artificial stripping meat obtains seed, and records parental varieties title.By clean for wash seeds, imbibition, vernalization, select the seed sprouted every day and sow, guarantee high emergence rate, utilize land resources to greatest extent.
Owing to adopting spontaneous pollination to grow directly from seeds the mode of seed selection, guarantee that breeding results must rely on the seedling colony of substantial amounts, but land limited, adopt dense planting to be necessary.Adopt furrow noodles shape program request or broadcast sowing formula, density is about seeding row spacing 12 ㎝ × 8 ㎝, i.e. the degree of about 100 Zhu/㎡, creates the lichee spontaneous pollination seedling density that quantity is enough large, within 1 year, can obtain 5-8 ten thousand strain seedling.
After seedling sowing, adopt black sunshade net scaffolding to shelter from heat or light, seedling is shaded and can prevent being exposed to the sun after coming up, and improves emergence rate and growth promoting effects.
Go alone pruning method pruning when growth of seedling adopted after 1 year, namely every strain stays all the other side shoots of trunk branch all to wipe out.Annual 7-9 month lichee is taken out the tip phase and is carried out smearing tip process, and lichee young sprout is generally understood pumping many and grown simultaneously, just erases in time only stay a growth when young sprout is just extracted out.Treelet is grown fast, spends the virgin phase as early as possible, yield positive results.
This seminar carried out lichee natural crossing from 2009 grows directly from seeds seed selection work, find to adopt this kind of breeding method through investigation, the lichee seedling the shortest virgin phase is 1 year 8 months, and the virgin phase of discovery is at present that the ultrashort child phase plant of 1 year 8 months has 73 strains, the seedling of blooming in 5 years strain more than 2000.Select the individual plant that multiple proterties is excellent, illustrated that the method can the shortening lichee in various degree virgin phase, accelerated lichee and to grow directly from seeds seed selection process.After tentatively selecting fine individual plant, carry out height receive qualification garden autumn, each individual plant is high is connected to few 3 strains, carries out further Screening and Identification.
Grow directly from seeds to choose seeds according to this seed selection program lichee and substantially identify the shortest needs 3-4 from planting seed to completing proterties, shorten seed selection breeding process of growing directly from seeds greatly.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
1, natural crossing seed selection provenance of the present invention requires that genetic diversity enriches, therefore, effectively solve lichee to grow directly from seeds the problem that seed selection genetic diversity loses, with lichee garden, national fruit tree kind matter Guangzhou for natural crossing is chosen seeds provenance, enrich the probability of lichee natural crossing combination greatly.
2, lichee seedling plantation breeding method of the present invention, contributes to the extensive seedling density of fast creation thus, improves land utilization rate, and shortens the virgin phase length of lichee greatly, and the shortest virgin phase is 1 year 8 months.
3, adopt the seed selection progresses and methods that grows directly from seeds of the present invention, lichee seed selection of growing directly from seeds identifies the shortest needs 3-4 from planting seed substantially to completing proterties, shortens lichee greatly and to grow directly from seeds seed selection process.
Embodiment
Lichee grow directly from seeds fast seed selection a method, its seed selection method be:
Step is as follows:
1, select natural crossing seed selection provenance, provenance requires that genetic diversity enriches, and observes different cultivars male and female flowering meet probability and continuous days;
2, pluck all abundant mellow fruits in provenance during fruit maturation, artificial stripping meat obtains seed, and records parental varieties title.By clean for wash seeds, imbibition, vernalization, select kind of the base of a fruit seed sprouted that ftractures every day and sow, guarantee high emergence rate;
3, adopt furrow noodles shape program request or broadcast sowing formula, the shape program request of furrow noodles or the lichee line-spacing broadcasting sowing formula are 12-14 ㎝, and spacing in the rows is 6-10 ㎝, i.e. the density of about 80-120 Zhu/㎡, creates the lichee spontaneous pollination seedling density that quantity is enough large;
4, after seedling sowing, adopt black sunshade net scaffolding to shelter from heat or light, seedling is shaded and can prevent being exposed to the sun after coming up, and improves emergence rate and growth promoting effects; Go alone pruning method pruning when growth of seedling adopted after 1 year, namely every strain stays all the other side shoots of trunk branch all to wipe out; Annual 7-9 month lichee is taken out the tip phase and is carried out smearing tip process, and lichee young sprout is generally understood pumping many and grown simultaneously, just erases in time only stay a growth when young sprout is just extracted out; The tip phase of taking out in each year of seedling growth all carries out reprocessing;
5, the annual 2-4 month in spring after Second Year is sowed, flower situation is become to investigate to seedling, find into colored plant listing mark, follow-up investigation fruit properties, and tentatively select fine individual plant, after tentatively selecting fine individual plant, carry out height autumn and receive qualification garden, each individual plant is high is connected to few three strains, carries out further Screening and Identification.
Claims (5)
1. lichee grows directly from seeds a seed choosing method fast, it is characterized in that: method step of its seed selection is:
(1) select natural crossing seed selection provenance, provenance requires that genetic diversity enriches, and observes different cultivars resource male and female flowering meet probability and continuous days;
(2) pluck all abundant mellow fruits in provenance during fruit maturation, and obtain seed, record parental varieties title; By clean for wash seeds, imbibition, vernalization process, select kind of the base of a fruit seed sprouted that ftractures every day and sow, guarantee high emergence rate;
(3) adopt furrow noodles shape program request or broadcast sowing formula sowing Litchi chinensis Seeds, create the lichee spontaneous pollination seedling density that quantity is enough large;
(4) growth stage after seedling sowing, annual 7-9 month lichee is taken out the tip phase and is carried out smearing tip process, only retains a lichee young sprout;
(5) sow the annual 2-4 month in spring after Second Year, become flower situation to investigate to seedling, and tentatively select fine individual plant, after tentatively selecting fine individual plant, carry out height autumn and receive qualification garden, carry out further Screening and Identification.
2. a kind of lichee according to claim 1 grows directly from seeds seed choosing method fast, it is characterized in that: step 2 obtains seed and adopts artificial stripping meat mode to obtain.
3. a kind of lichee according to claim 1 grows directly from seeds seed choosing method fast, it is characterized in that: the lichee line-spacing adopting furrow noodles shape program request or broadcast sowing formula is 12-14 ㎝, and spacing in the rows is 6-10 ㎝, i.e. the density of about 80-120 Zhu/㎡.
4. a kind of lichee according to claim 1 grows directly from seeds seed choosing method fast, it is characterized in that: adopt black sunshade net scaffolding to shelter from heat or light in the position of seedling sowing, seedling is shaded and can prevent being exposed to the sun after coming up, and improves emergence rate and growth promoting effects.
5. a kind of lichee according to claim 1 grows directly from seeds seed choosing method fast, it is characterized in that: when becoming flower situation to investigate to seedling, finds into colored plant and lists and perform mark, and follow-up investigation fruit properties; When its height receives qualification garden, every high being connected to of individual plant lacks three strains.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106234109A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of culture implantation methods |
| CN107926202A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-20 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method for promoting half abortive seed of lichee to sprout |
| CN111670804A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-09-18 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Efficient pear tree breeding method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103053420A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-24 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Method for in vitro regeneration of Feizixiao litchi variety |
| CN103329794A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 华南农业大学 | Method of intergeneric hybridization between longans and litchis |
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2015
- 2015-06-10 CN CN201510315712.7A patent/CN105028176A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103053420A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-24 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Method for in vitro regeneration of Feizixiao litchi variety |
| CN103329794A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 华南农业大学 | Method of intergeneric hybridization between longans and litchis |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 王丽敏等: "荔枝选种圃合理株行距研究", 《广东农业科学》 * |
| 陈洁珍: "荔枝酿酒优良单株皇醉和妃醉初选", 《南方农业》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106234109A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of culture implantation methods |
| CN107926202A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-20 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method for promoting half abortive seed of lichee to sprout |
| CN107926202B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-10-30 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for promoting germination of litchi semi-aborted seeds |
| CN111670804A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-09-18 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Efficient pear tree breeding method |
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Application publication date: 20151111 |