CN105007934B - 对麸质不耐受以及相关病症的治疗 - Google Patents
对麸质不耐受以及相关病症的治疗 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105007934B CN105007934B CN201380070689.9A CN201380070689A CN105007934B CN 105007934 B CN105007934 B CN 105007934B CN 201380070689 A CN201380070689 A CN 201380070689A CN 105007934 B CN105007934 B CN 105007934B
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- common nepenthes
- seitan
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Abstract
本文提供一种包含猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物的组合物、食品以及使用猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物调节麸质不耐受以及诸如乳糜泻之类的相关病症的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供用于治疗麸质不耐受以及相关病症(例如,乳糜泻)的组合物、食物和方法。
背景技术
在麸质不耐受的个体体内,对含有麸质的小麦、大麦、黑麦以及可能的燕麦的消化可能会引起异常自体免疫反应,例如,乳糜泻、小麦过敏症和疱疹样皮炎。麸质是富含谷氨酰胺和脯氨酸的谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白分子的混合物。大多数具有异常自体免疫反应的个体表达人白细胞抗原(HLA)DQ2或DQ8分子。自体免疫反应引起小肠粘膜绒毛萎缩的发生,并伴有隐窝肥大和粘膜炎症。乳糜泻的症状可因个体差异而不同并且所述症状可包括疲劳、慢性腹泻、便秘、营养素吸收不良、体重降低、腹胀、贫血中的一种或多于一种并且大大提高发展成骨质疏松和肠恶性肿瘤(淋巴瘤和癌)的风险。
治疗麸质不耐受通常涉及终生严格的不含麸质的膳食。然而,不含麸质的膳食并不方便,会受到限制并且麸质很难避免。因此,本领域亟需对麸质不耐受的备选治疗方法。
发明内容
本发明涉及如下发现:酶猪笼草蛋白酶具有较高的裂解蛋白质和寡肽(包括麸质)的蛋白水解活性,尤其是在低pH(例如,约2-3)条件下。猪笼草蛋白酶(EC 3.4.23.12)是起源于植物的天冬氨酸蛋白酶,该天冬氨酸蛋白酶可从多种植物来源中分离或浓缩,所述植物例如猪笼草(肉食性猪笼草植物,carnivorous pitcher plant)的猪笼草分泌物,在热带地区通常称为瓶子草(monkey cups)。等人的文章“Digestive Enzymes Secretedby the Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes macferlanei L.”,Planta(Berl.)119,39-46(1974)。在本领域中目前已发现猪笼草蛋白酶的活性比胃蛋白酶(EC 3.4.23.1)的活性高约1000倍,胃蛋白酶是存在于人类胃部的酶,其部分负责将食物蛋白质降解成肽。目前已发现,猪笼草蛋白酶具有比胃蛋白酶高得多的松弛的特异性(relaxed specificity),其裂解除了G,S,T,V,I和W之外的大部分氨基酸残基之后的位点。值得注意的是,猪笼草蛋白酶裂解K,R和P之后的位点。通过比较,胃蛋白酶对疏水残基F,L和M表现出高效裂解,但是对P,H,K和R之后的位点的裂解基本被禁止。
麸质不耐受以及相关病症和症状,例如乳糜泻和/或疱疹样皮炎,由患者对小肠粘膜内的麸质的异常免疫反应引起。一些麸质成分耐受胃肽酶和胰腺肽酶的裂解,所述胃肽酶和胰腺肽酶例如胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶,等等。虽然不受任何理论的限制,本发明涉及在麸质到达患者的肠道之前由猪笼草蛋白酶将麸质降解成无毒肽,从而降低进入小肠的毒性麸质蛋白质或肽的水平。因为猪笼草蛋白酶是酸稳定的,所以其与胃部pH具有相容性并且其消化麸质,从而调节患者的麸质不耐受或相关病症或症状。
考虑到猪笼草蛋白酶在低pH条件下具有高活性和宽活性谱,猪笼草蛋白酶尤其在胃部消化麸质蛋白质方面有用。将麸质降解为无毒肽也称为麸质的解毒。
一方面,本发明提供一种调节具有麸质不耐受的患者体内的麸质不耐受的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物给药于所述患者。
在一种实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物作为食品添加剂施用,这样,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物与含有麸质的食品结合以调节或抑制与麸质不耐受有关的病症。猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可单独使用或与一些食物联合使用。
另一方面,本发明提供一种调节患者体内由麸质不耐受介导的病症的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物给药于所述患者。仅举例而言,这些病症包括乳糜泻、小麦过敏症、麸质敏感和/或疱疹样皮炎。
在任何事件中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可在食用含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物之前给药于患者、在食用含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物的同时给药于患者或在食用含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物之后立刻给药于患者。
另一方面,本发明提供一种调节有此需要的患者体内的麸质不耐受或相关病症的方法,所述病症例如乳糜泻、小麦过敏症、麸质敏感或疱疹样皮炎,所述方法包括在所述患者食用含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物之前用有效量的猪笼草蛋白酶处理含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物。
另一方面,本发明提供一种含有猪笼草蛋白酶的食物或组合物。
本发明的这些或其他方面在下文中进一步描述。
附图说明
图1显示了猪笼草蛋白酶优先在(A)裂解位点的P1或N末端侧和(B)裂解位点的P1’或C末端侧裂解。根据氨基酸类型对数据进行分组,并且将数据与来自Hamuro等人的文章“Specificity of immobilized porcine pepsin in H/D exchange compatibleconditions”,Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry22(7):1041-1046(2008)中的胃蛋白酶数据的类似结果进行比较。黑色柱表示猪笼草蛋白酶消化,灰色柱表示胃蛋白酶消化。裂解%表示相对于一组给定残基的总数量的在给定残基处观察到的裂解数量。猪笼草蛋白酶数据获自六种变性蛋白的消化物,如实施例中所描述的。
图2显示了XRCC4复合肽序列图谱,其根据结构域类型进行排布。所述肽在四种不同的酶和底物的比例(65:1至520:1,蓝色柱)条件下使用胃蛋白酶消化获得,以及在四种不同的酶和底物的比例(0.0075:1至0.38:1,红色柱)条件下使用猪笼草蛋白酶消化获得。
图3显示了在猪笼草消化之后获得的肽的平均MASCOT分数,其由C-末端氨基酸分组。用于每次计算的肽的数目与末端氨基酸有关,如在柱上方所示。肽获自六种变性蛋白的消化物,如实施例中所描述的。
图4显示了在多种不同的酶和底物的比例(如图例所示)条件下用猪笼草蛋白酶(A)和胃蛋白酶(B)消化的XRCC4的肽离子色谱图(PIC)。用于酶消化的PIC通过柱上的相同的质量负载的底物产生。
图5显示了在37℃条件下,1分钟、5分钟、10分钟、15分钟、30分钟、60分钟、130分钟、360分钟或810分钟之后,使用LC-MS/MS,通过猪笼草蛋白酶消化小麦中的麦胶蛋白而识别的所有肽的平均长度。分数上的95%的置信度切割(p<0.05)用于除去假阳性识别。肽长度的相对标准偏差在插图中显示。
图6显示了在37℃条件下,消化1分钟、5分钟、10分钟、15分钟、30分钟、60分钟、130分钟、360分钟或810分钟之后,由LC-MS/MS识别的肽的数目,根据长度分组。数据如图5所示。
图7显示了与图5相同的数据,作为在37℃条件下,消化10分钟、60分钟、120分钟、360分钟或810分钟之后获得一些长度的可能性。
具体实施方式
I.释义
除非另有说明,本文使用的所有技术术语和科学术语具有与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同的含义。虽然与本文描述的那些方法和材料类似或等同的任何方法和材料可用于实践或测试本发明,但是,目前本文描述优选的方法、设备和材料。本文引用的所有科技出版物和专利公开的全部内容通过引用并入本文。本文中并没有承认鉴于在先发明而本发明无权优先于这些公开的内容。
除非上下文中另有明确说明,说明书和权利要求书中使用的单数形式的冠词(“a”、“an”和“the”)包括复数指代物。
本文使用的术语“包含(comprising)”是指组合物和方法包括所记载的元素,但是不排除其他元素。限定组合物和方法时使用的“基本由……构成”是指排除对组合有任何实质意义的其他元素。例如,基本由本文定义的元素构成的组合物可不排除本质上不影响要求保护的本发明的基本特性和新特性的其他元素。“由……构成”是指排除高于痕量的所记载的其他成分和实质方法步骤。这些过渡术语中的每一个所限定的实施方式在本发明的范围内。
本文使用的术语“麸质”通常是指存在于小麦或相关谷物物种中的蛋白质,所述相关谷物物种包括大麦和黑麦,所述蛋白质对某些个体具有潜在的有害作用。麸质蛋白包括麦胶蛋白和谷蛋白,所述麦胶蛋白例如,α-麦胶蛋白,β-麦胶蛋白,γ-麦胶蛋白和ω-麦胶蛋白,它们是单体蛋白质,所述谷蛋白是由二硫化物键连接在一起的高分子量和低分子量亚单位的聚集体的高度异源性混合物。本领域中已表征了许多小麦麸质蛋白,请参见,例如,Woychik等人,Amino Acid Composition of Proteins in Wheat Gluten,J.Agric.Food Chem.,9(4),307–310(1961)。本文使用的术语麸质还包括寡肽,其通过正常人类对麸质蛋白的消化,从含有麸质的食物中衍生得到并且引起异常免疫反应。这些寡肽中的一些对正常消化酶具有耐受性。包括上述蛋白质和寡肽的麸质被认为在具有麸质不耐受的患者的乳糜泻过程中充当T细胞抗原。
术语“猪笼草蛋白酶”是指酶学委员会编号EC3.4.23.12的天冬氨酸蛋白酶并且包括猪笼草蛋白酶的所有亚型和变体(例如,I型猪笼草蛋白酶和II型猪笼草蛋白酶)及其盐。盐类是指由猪笼草蛋白酶和一种或多于一种碱或者一种或多于一种酸形成的那些盐,所述碱和所述酸维持游离猪笼草蛋白酶的生物有效性和性质,并且,所述盐不是生理学上不理想的或其他方面不理想的。由无机碱衍生得到的盐包括但不限于:钠盐、钾盐、锂盐、铵盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、锌盐、铜盐、锰盐、铝盐,等等。由有机碱衍生得到的盐包括但不限于:下列胺的盐,伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,包括天然生成的取代的胺在内的取代的胺,环胺和碱性离子交换树脂,例如,异丙胺、三甲基胺、二乙基胺、三乙基胺、三丙基胺、乙醇胺、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、二环己基胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、咖啡因、普鲁卡因、海巴明青霉素(hydrabamine)、胆碱、甜菜碱、乙烯基二胺、葡糖胺、甲基葡糖胺、可可碱、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶、聚胺树脂,等等。可形成盐的酸包括但不限于:无机酸和有机酸,所述无机酸例如,盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸,等等;所述有机酸例如,乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、马来酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸,等等。
猪笼草蛋白酶衍生物包括生物等同物、其片段和延长的猪笼草蛋白酶及其盐,这些衍生物保持了对麸质解毒的能力。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶衍生物包括猪笼草蛋白酶的生物等同物。“生物等同物”包括与猪笼草蛋白酶具有至少约80%同源性或一致性的那些生物等同物,可选地,与猪笼草蛋白酶具有至少约85%同源性的那些生物等同物,可选地,与猪笼草蛋白酶具有至少约90%同源性的那些生物等同物,可选地,与猪笼草蛋白酶具有至少约95%同源性的那些生物等同物,可选地,与猪笼草蛋白酶具有98%同源性的那些生物等同物,可选地,“生物等同物”包括由在严格条件下与编码猪笼草蛋白酶或其补体的核苷酸序列杂交的多核苷酸编码的多肽或蛋白质,同时该多肽或蛋白质保持期望的结构并表现出猪笼草蛋白酶蛋白水解活性的至少一部分。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶衍生物是具有全长猪笼草蛋白酶蛋白质中的至少约20个连续氨基酸的猪笼草蛋白酶片段,或者是具有全长猪笼草蛋白酶蛋白质中的至少约50个连续氨基酸的猪笼草蛋白酶片段,或者是包含猪笼草蛋白酶中的100或多于100个连续氨基酸直至猪笼草蛋白酶的全部蛋白质的猪笼草蛋白酶片段。猪笼草蛋白酶衍生物还包括具有额外序列的猪笼草蛋白酶。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶衍生物具有猪笼草蛋白酶的蛋白水解活性中的至少约10%,或猪笼草蛋白酶的蛋白水解活性中的至少约50%,或猪笼草蛋白酶的蛋白水解活性中的至少约70%,或猪笼草蛋白酶的蛋白水解活性中的至少约90%,或猪笼草蛋白酶的蛋白水解活性的100%或更高。
“杂交”是指可在不同“严格程度”条件下进行的杂交反应。增加杂交反应的严格程度的条件是本领域周知的并且在本领域中公开,参见,例如,Sambrook and Russell编辑.(2001)Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,第三版。相关条件的实例包括(以增加严格程度的顺序):孵育温度25℃,37℃,50℃和68℃;缓冲液浓度10X SSC,6X SSC,1X SSC,0.1X SSC(其中,SSC是0.15M NaCl和15mM柠檬酸盐缓冲液)以及使用其他缓冲系统的它们的等同物;甲酰胺浓度0%,25%,50%和75%;孵育时间5分钟至24小时,以及逐渐增加洗涤持续时间,逐渐增加频率或逐渐减低缓冲液浓度。
术语“调节(modulate或modulating)”是指对受治者体内的疾病或失调的任何治疗,所述受治者例如,哺乳动物,所述“调节”包括:
·预防疾病或失调或者防止受到疾病或失调的影响,即,使异常生物反应或症状不发展;
·抑制疾病或失调,即,禁止或抑制异常生物反应和/或临床症状的发展;和/或
·缓解疾病或失调,即,使异常生物反应和/或临床症状衰退。
本文使用的术语“预防”是指对有此需要的患者进行预防性治疗。所述预防性治疗可通过向处于患上疾病风险中的受治者提供合适剂量的治疗剂来完成,从而基本上防止疾病的发作。
本文使用的术语“病症”是指疾病状态,将本文提供的化合物、组合物和方法用于该疾病状态。
本文使用的术语“患者”或“受治者”是指哺乳动物,并且包括人类和非人类哺乳动物。在本文的具体实施方式中,患者或受治者是人类。
在数值之前使用的术语“约”表示数值可在合理的范围内发生改变,例如,±5%,±1%,和±0.2%。
II.方法和组合物
一方面,本发明提供一种用于调节具有麸质不耐受的患者体内的麸质不耐受的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物给药于所述患者。
在一种实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物作为食品添加剂施用,这样,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物与含有麸质的食品结合以调节或抑制与麸质不耐受有关的病症。猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可单独使用或与一些食品联合使用。
另一方面,本发明提供一种用于调节由患者体内的麸质不耐受介导的病症的方法,所述方法包括将有效量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物给药于所述患者。仅举例而言,这些病症包括乳糜泻、小麦过敏症、麸质敏感和疱疹样皮炎。猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可在消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品之前施用,在消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品的同时施用,或者在消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品之后立刻施用。
猪笼草蛋白酶具有两种已知的亚型:I型猪笼草蛋白酶(已知具有两种变体,猪笼草蛋白酶Ia和猪笼草蛋白酶Ib)以及II型猪笼草蛋白酶。猪笼草蛋白酶的序列以及编码猪笼草蛋白酶的cDNA的核苷酸序列是本领域已知的,例如,在Athauda SB等人的文章,Enzymic and structural characterization of nepenthesin,a unique member of anovel subfamily of aspartic proteinases,Biochem.J.381:295–306(2004)中描述的。
猪笼草蛋白酶可从天然来源通过已知的方法浓缩或纯化,所述已知的方法例如,过滤或基于固定的胃酶抑素的亲和性纯化,所述天然来源例如诸如猪笼草之类的植物的猪笼草分泌物。除了从植物来源中分离之外,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可通过化学合成或生物合成方法,使用本领域已知的常规方法制备。化学合成方法可根据猪笼草蛋白酶的序列通过连接氨基酸来完成。各种不同的肽连接方法和商用的肽合成装置可用于合成肽或蛋白质,例如,Applied Biosystems,Inc.,Foster City,Calif.,Beckman以及其他生产商的自动合成仪。猪笼草蛋白酶的生物合成方法可通过使用已知的生物工程技术用猪笼草蛋白酶的DNA和/或信使RNA转录细胞,使用重组生成系统完成,这样,所述细胞能够生成猪笼草蛋白酶。例如,猪笼草蛋白酶可通过在生物体内和植物细胞培养物中建立宿主载体系统而生成,所述生物体例如,大肠杆菌、酿酒酵母、毕赤酵母、乳酸菌、杆菌、曲霉,所述植物细胞培养物例如,烟草细胞,等等。
合成的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可根据已知的方法浓缩或纯化,所述已知的方法例如用于从植物猪笼草液体中分离猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物的那些方法。
在一些实施方式中,从天然来源或合成的来源中分离的蛋白质产物包含至少20%重量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物。在一些实施方式中,分离的蛋白质产物包含至少约50%重量,约75%重量,约90%重量,约95%重量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物。在一些实施方式中,分离的蛋白质产物包含至少99%重量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在患者消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物之前给药于所述患者。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在使所述猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物至少部分有效(例如,原始活性的至少约10%,20%,50%,70%,90%)降解患者将要消化的食物中的麸质的时间段内施用。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在患者消化食物之前不超过约4小时、3小时、2小时、1小时或30分钟施用。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在患者消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物的同时给药于患者。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物与食物一同施用,例如,食物中的成分或添加剂。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物与食物分开施用。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在患者消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物之后立刻给药于患者。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在食物中的麸质中的至少一部分(例如,至少约10%,20%,50%,70%,90%)仍然留在患者胃部的时间段内施用。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在患者消化食物之后不超过4小时、3小时、2小时、1小时或30分钟施用。
猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可以多种组合物的形式单独施用或与合适的药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂或膳食成分一同施用。
因此,另一方面,本发明提供一种可食用的组合物,其包括猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物。在一些实施方式中,所述组合物是膳食补充品。在一些实施方式中,所述组合物是药物组合物。在一些实施方式中,所述组合物是食品或食品添加剂。所述组合物可配制成固体、半固体或液体形式,例如,片剂、胶囊、粉剂、颗粒、软膏、溶液、注射液、凝胶和微球。猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物的施用可通过各种不同的方式完成,例如,通过口服的方式。
对于口服而言,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可单独使用或与合适的添加剂联合使用以形成片剂、粉末、颗粒、胶囊、糖浆、液体、悬浮液,等等。例如,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物的固体口服形式可由常用添加剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、稀释剂、缓冲剂、润湿剂、防腐剂和调味剂制备。赋形剂的非限定性实例包括乳糖、甘露醇、玉米淀粉、土豆淀粉、结晶纤维素、纤维素衍生物、阿拉伯树胶、玉米淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、调味剂和着色剂。在一些实施方式中,制剂在患者的胃部释放猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物,这样,麸质可被猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物降解。
猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可任选地在存在合适的缓冲液(例如,磷酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸盐缓冲液、组氨酸缓冲液、咪唑缓冲液)和赋形剂(例如,冷冻保护剂,例如,蔗糖、乳糖、海藻糖)的条件下通过水性溶液冻干。冻干的饼可任选地与赋形剂混合并制成不同形式。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物作为食品添加剂与含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品一同施用,所述食品例如,面包、意大利面,麦片粥,等等,所述食品由小麦、黑麦和大麦等制成。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物作为这些食品中的成分而添加。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在食用食品之前分散于食品中,任选地在猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物为惰性的pH条件下分散于食品中,所述pH条件例如大于等于5的pH条件。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可制成或掺入粉末、涂抹料、喷雾、酱料、蘸料、搅打奶油等,所述猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可在患者食用食物时施加于含有麸质的食品。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可制成引起人们食欲的形式,例如,糖果、口香糖、膳食添加咀嚼物、糖浆,等等,以易于服用。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可与常见食品种类混合,例如,糖、盐、沙拉酱、调味料、奶酪、黄油、人造奶油、涂抹料、黄油、煎炸起酥油、蛋黄酱、膳食产品、坚果酱、种子酱、桃仁酱、花生酱,等等。优选地,包含猪笼草蛋白酶的食品种类或添加剂不需要在患者消化之前进行加热,这样由于温度升高而引起的可能的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物的活性损失可被最小化。
通常,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可以安全且足以产生期望的麸质解毒作用的量施用。确切的量取决于多种因素,例如,所施用的特定猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物,食物的量或类型,患者对麸质的敏感性,等等。一般而言,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物在需要时施用,例如在患者将要或正在或已经食用了含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食物时。猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可以约0.01mg/kg体重/天至约1000mg/kg体重/天的剂量施用,或者对于一般人而言,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可以每剂约1mg至约100g的剂量施用。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可在0.01mg/kg体重/天,0.1mg/kg体重/天,1mg/kg体重/天,5mg/kg体重/天,10mg/kg体重/天,50mg/kg体重/天,100mg/kg体重/天,500mg/kg体重/天,或1000mg/kg体重/天的条件下施用并且可在这些值(包括端点值)中任何两个值之间的范围值条件下施用。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可在1mg/剂,10mg/剂,100mg/剂,200mg/剂,500mg/剂,700mg/剂,1g/剂,10g/剂,20g/剂,50g/剂,70g/剂,100g/剂的条件下施用并且可在这些值(包括端点值)中的任何两个值之间的范围值条件下施用。在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物可每天施用一次、两次、三次等等,这取决于患者消化含麸质的食品的次数。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物与另一酶一同施用,所述另一酶例如,胃部蛋白酶(例如,胃蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶原),另一天冬氨酸蛋白酶(例如,Chen等人在Aspartic proteases gene family in rice:Gene structure and expression,predicted protein features and phylogenetic relation,Gene442:108–118(2009)中所描述的那些),以及诸如美国专利第7,910,541号中所描述的脯酰肽内切酶(PEP),IV型二肽基肽酶(DPP IV)和二肽基羧肽酶(DCP)或半胱氨酸蛋白酶B之类的酶。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶与另一药剂一同给药于患者。可与猪笼草蛋白酶一同给药的药剂的非限定性实例包括组织转谷氨酰酶的抑制剂,诸如HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(例如,康白丁(compactin),洛伐他汀(lovastatin),辛伐他汀(simvastatin),普伐他汀(pravastatin)和阿伐他汀(atorvastatin))之类的抗炎剂,白三烯受体拮抗剂(例如,孟鲁司特(montelukast)和扎鲁司特(zafirlukast)),COX-2抑制剂(例如,塞来昔布(celecoxib)和罗非昔布(rofecoxib)),p38MAP激酶抑制剂(例如,BIRB-796);诸如色甘酸钠(色甘酸),吡嘧司特(pemirolast),普希罗米(proxicromil),瑞吡司特(repirinast),硫蒽唑(doxantrazole),氨来占诺(amlexanox),奈多罗米(nedocromil)以及普克罗米(probicromil)之类的肥大细胞稳定剂;抗溃疡剂,诸如抗组胺剂(例如,阿伐斯汀(acrivastine),西替利嗪(cetirizine),地氯雷他定(desloratadine),依巴斯汀(ebastine),非索非那定(fexofenadine),左西替利嗪(levocetirizine),氯雷他定(loratadine)和咪唑斯汀(mizolastine))之类的抗过敏剂,谷氨酰胺转移酶2(TG 2)的抑制剂,以及抗TNFα药剂。
另一方面,本发明提供一种用于治疗有此需要的患者体内的麸质不耐受或相关病症的方法,所述病症例如,乳糜泻、小麦过敏症、麸质敏感和疱疹样皮炎,所述方法包括在所述患者食用含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品之前用有效量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物处理含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品。在一些实施方式中,所述食品在其制备过程中,优选地在任何加热步骤之后,与有效量的猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物结合。
另一方面,本发明提供一种食品,其包含猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物。在一些实施方式中,所述食品含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质,所述食品例如,烘烤产品(例如,蛋糕、松饼、甜甜圈、甜糕饼、面包卷以及面包),意大利面,咸饼干,墨西哥炸玉米片,麦片粥等等,它们由小麦、黑麦和大麦制成。在一些实施方式中,所述食品可与另一含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品一同食用。这些食品的非限定性实例包括面粉、涂抹料,喷雾,酱料,蘸料,搅打奶油,糖果,口香糖,糖浆,糖,盐,沙拉酱,调味剂,奶酪,黄油,人造奶油,涂抹料,黄油,煎炸起酥油,蛋黄酱,乳制品,坚果酱,种子酱,桃仁酱,花生酱,等等。
在一些实施方式中,猪笼草蛋白酶或其衍生物与食品混合或用于预先处理含有麸质的食物。食品中存在的猪笼草蛋白酶可通过酶解的方式被活化以在消化食物之前或消化食物过程中降低食物中的麸质水平。
III.实施例
除非另有说明,说明书中使用的缩写具有如下含义:
g=克
kDa=千道尔顿
kg=千克
L=升
LC=液相色谱
mg=毫克
min=分钟
mL=毫升
mM=豪摩尔
MS=质谱
nM=纳摩尔
pM=微微摩尔
s.d.=标准偏差
μCi=微居里
μL=微升
μM=微摩尔
μm=微米
℃=摄氏度
这些单个字母符号在代表氨基酸时具有下列含义:
A=丙氨酸
R=精氨酸
N=天冬酰胺
D=天冬氨酸
C=半胱氨酸
E=谷氨酸
Q=谷氨酰胺
G=甘氨酸
H=组氨酸
I=异亮氨酸
L=亮氨酸
K=赖氨酸
M=蛋氨酸
F=苯丙氨酸
P=脯氨酸
S=丝氨酸
T=苏氨酸
W=色氨酸
Y=酪氨酸
V=缬氨酸
材料和方法
化学品
HPLC级的水和乙腈形成Burdick和Jackson,购自VWR。甲酸、Tris、甘氨酸购自Sigma Aldrich。
植物培养
莱佛士猪笼草(Nepenthes rafflesiana)、苹果猪笼草(Nepenthes ampularia)、奇异猪笼草(Nepenthes mirabilis)和海盗猪笼草(Nepenthes globosa)的移植株购自Keehns Carnivores(http://www.keehnscarnivores.ca)。这些移植株用木皮、珍珠岩、泥煤苔和腐殖土栽培(分别为40%、35%、10%、5%)。生长条件包括每天14小时光照,80%湿度和23℃至28℃的温度以及每周浇水两次至三次。在猪笼草成熟之后,向每株植物供给一个或两个果蝇并且一周之后收获猪笼草液体。留下猪笼草及其分泌物进行回收持续一周,随后进行第二轮供给和提取。
液体制备
从所有四种植物中收集猪笼草液体并将其合并。粗猪笼草液体首先通过0.22μm的过滤器进行澄清,随后使用Amicon Ultra离心10kDa分子量截留过滤器(均来自Millipore)使液体浓缩80倍至100倍。在用于消化之前,用100mM甘氨酸HCl(pH 2.5)酸活化浓缩液持续3小时,随后在过滤设备中用100mM甘氨酸-HCl(pH 2.5)洗涤3次,每次洗涤使用10X液体体积。最后的分离物随后基于猪笼草液体的原始采样再次稀释至11倍浓度。
通过质谱绘制猪笼草蛋白酶的消化
蛋白质的消化使用LEAP HTX-PAL自动采样仪和设计为氢/重氢交换(HDX)应用的分配系统在溶液中进行,并且使用AB Sciex Triple-TOF 5600QqTOF质谱仪收集数据。使用Mascot(v2.3)通过MS/MS数据识别肽。简言之,在10℃,将8μL,8μM蛋白质(XRCC4,XLF,连接酶IV-串联BRCT结构域,PNK,肌红蛋白或细胞色素C)与10μL,11倍浓缩的液体混合2分钟。肌红蛋白和细胞色素C购自Sigma。在稀释至1μM底物浓度之后,将15μL注射至冷冻反相LC系统中(4℃),该系统连接至质谱仪。肽被捕获在5cm,200μm i.d.Onyx C18整体式柱(Phenomenex Inc.)上并且在10分钟内用梯度为3%至40%的乙腈洗脱。选择这些分析中检测到的肽的MS/MS光谱的多个信息依赖性获得物中的CID片段,类似于气相分馏策略。Blonder J,等人,Proteomic investigation of natural killer cell microsomesusing gas-phase fractionation by mass spectrometry.Biochimica Et BiophysicaActa-Proteins and Proteomics1698(1):87-95(2004)。根据包含所有六个蛋白质的小型数据库搜索光谱。测序结果由人工核实。
DNA-损伤修复中所涉及的络合物的HD交换
含有BRCT的XRCC4(1-200)的母液以及含有BRCT的XRCC4(全长)的母液在缓冲液(10mM Tris-HCl,pH7.5)中稀释至等摩尔浓度(10mM)并且在4℃下孵育最少30分钟以提升络合作用。样品保持在4℃下直至进行HDX分析。等份样品在20℃下通过加入D2O(25%v/v)进行氘化持续2分钟。随后以两种方式对等份样品进行消化。在第一消化策略中,蛋白质氘化作用通过将样品加至冷冻的100mM甘氨酸-HCl(pH2.5)中进行淬灭,并且淬灭的蛋白质溶液被注入胃蛋白酶微反应器中。该微反应器安装在注射器阀和C18柱之间的HTX-PAL系统中。蛋白质消化物捕获在整体式C18毛细柱上并且洗脱至质谱仪中。所有液体元素,包括微反应器,冷冻在4℃下以在分析时间期间(<15min)最小化氘化返回交换。在第二消化策略中,在10℃下,等量的氘化蛋白质分别被3μL或5μL的11倍浓度的猪笼草液体同时淬灭和消化持续3min或5min。样品被注入连接至质谱仪的冷冻LC-系统中。
进行一式两份的质量位移测量(4或更多)并且参比对照蛋白质状态—游离XRCC4(1-200),游离XRCC4(全长)以及游离LigIV-BRCT。每种肽的平均氘水平使用Mass SpecStudio测定,Mass Spec Studio是Hydra v1.5重建的。Slysz GW,et al.,Hydra:softwarefor tailored processing of H/D exchange data from MS or tandem MSanalyses.Bmc Bioinformatics 10(2009)。(a)如果质量位移中的微小扰动使用来自每种状态的分析结果的汇集的标准偏差通过了双尾t测试(p<0.05)那么被认为是显著的;(b)如果质量位移中的微小扰动通过了分配分析防止光谱重叠那么被认为是显著的,以及(c)如果质量位移中的微小扰动超过了基于位移噪音的测量值的且假设其正常分配的阈值位移值(±2s.d.)那么被认为是显著的。Bennett MJ,等人,Discovery and Characterizationof the Laulimalide-Microtubule Binding Mode by Mass Shift PerturbationMapping.Chemistry&Biology 17(7):725-734(2010)。
结果
猪笼草液体提取物
猪笼草植物的液体分泌物被浓缩并且通过降低pH(pH 2.5)活化消化酶。富集过程的影响以及对液体蛋白质组的活化使用蛋白质组学方法测定。首先,为了确定猪笼草蛋白酶的存在,通过SDS-PAGE分离惰性浓缩物。带有非常微弱的考马斯染料的七个邻近的凝胶区用胰蛋白酶消化并且使用标准方法通过nanoLC-MS/MS分析。这并未被预期是活化的液体蛋白质组的全部类别,但是分析确认了天冬氨酸蛋白质酶猪笼草蛋白酶I/II的存在,以及植物来源的葡聚糖酶、壳多糖酶、羧肽酶以及过氧化酶的存在,以及适当水平的果蝇属污染和细菌污染的存在。液体蛋白质组的低络合性与最近的分析一致,Hatano N,Hamada T(2012)Proteomic analysis of secreted protein induced by a component of preyin pitcher fluid of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata.Journal ofProteomics 3;75(15):4844-52(Epub Jun.15,2012),但是在该分析中,I型猪笼草蛋白酶被发现在宽得多的质量范围内分配(40-70kDa)。酸活化的液体随后以类似的方式处理并分析。活化过程降低了整个蛋白质产率并且还看起来简化了组合物。除了I型猪笼草蛋白酶之外,只有来自角蛋白和肌动蛋白的少量污染物存在。这些分析着眼于富集的液体的低络合性,在所述富集的液体中猪笼草蛋白酶是主要成分。活化的且80X富集的液体的总蛋白质浓度通过BCA分析法测量,其为22ng/μL。该值与描述液体的富集的在前研究一致。Tokes ZA,等人,Digestive Enzymes Secreted by Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes-Macferlanei-L.Planta 119(1):39-46(1974)。
在适于HDX-MS实验的条件下用富集的液体消化一系列蛋白质。浓缩物的消化特异性在P1和P1’位置(图1)表征,从而支持与应用于胃蛋白酶的类似研究的比较。Hamuro Y,etal.,Specificity of immobilized porcine pepsin in H/D exchange compatibleconditions.Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 22(7):1041-1046(2008)。在该实施例中,基于如下假设:富集的液体中所有测量的蛋白质是猪笼草蛋白酶,即便明显存在一些污染性蛋白质,酶-底物的比例是1:85。
猪笼草蛋白酶数据表示1612个残基的评估,虽然没有对应的胃蛋白酶数据(13,766个残基)那么广泛,但是蛋白质中序列多样性足够高以确保在P1和P1’位置水平的比较。胃蛋白酶的最大特异性看起来位于P1位置。胃蛋白酶对疏水性残基F,L和M表现出高效裂解,但是对P,H,K和R之后的位点的裂解基本上被禁止。猪笼草蛋白酶裂解除了G,S,T,V,I和W之外的大部分残基之后的位点。这支持了对在预期的胃蛋白酶P1残基之后的位点的高速裂解,但是也支持了对在胃蛋白酶消化过程中对被禁止的残基进行高速裂解,尤其是K,R和P处的高速裂解。在P1’位置,胃蛋白酶表现出总体上优选疏水残基,包括具有芳香性的任何残基。相反,猪笼草蛋白酶表现出在P1’位置几乎没有选择性方式,除了可能对G,P和H有选择性。总体而言,猪笼草蛋白酶相对于胃蛋白酶在P1位置表现出显著松弛的特异性并且提供非常高效的象征。
为了测定松弛的特异性是否翻译成用于HDX-MS应用的序列绘图中的改善,表征全长XRCC4(一种包含球状结构域的蛋白质和延长的螺旋杆以及长的失调的C末端的蛋白质)。Hammel M,等人,XLF Regulates Filament Architecture of the XRCC4.Ligase IVComplex.Structure 18(11):1431-1442(2010);以及Junop MS,等人,Crystal structureof the Xrcc4DNA repair protein and implications for end joining.Embo J 19(22):5962-5970(2000)。在单一消化规程中,尝试包含这种多结构域蛋白质,并且具体而言,本质上失调的区域趋向于胃蛋白酶消化不良,因为它们在疏水残基中相对耗尽并且富集于脯氨酸和带电荷的残基中。Dunker AK,et al.Intrinsically disorderedprotein.Journal of Molecular Graphics&Modelling 19(1):26-59(2001)。用于该蛋白质的胃蛋白酶和猪笼草蛋白酶绘图在图2中显示。在该比较中,使用多种不同的蛋白酶量以及回归MS/MS实验寻求两种酶的全面绘图。猪笼草蛋白酶提供更优的全长蛋白质覆盖:相对于胃蛋白酶的187个肽,猪笼草蛋白酶具有357个肽。(11个残基的平均肽长度与这两个酶相同)。这两个酶代表了球状和杆状区域,带有大量重叠肽,但是猪笼草蛋白酶提供的互补性是明显的。例如,猪笼草蛋白酶提供对球状结构域(残基1-30)中β-片状区域显著更深的覆盖。以大得多的程度覆盖失调的C-末端区域并且覆盖至显著较高水平的冗余。使用猪笼草蛋白酶在该失调的尾部区域中的每个残基容纳16X的覆盖并且对于胃蛋白酶仅有4.7X的覆盖。
肽检测中任何偏差的存在通过选择平均检索分数作为度量标准进行检测(图3)。该方法强调了作为基本方法的序列识别中的置信度,通过该方法限定序列绘图。一个视图是R。末端在R的肽的较高的分数可能反映较高的平均肽强度和更好的片段的组合,这与基于胰蛋白酶的倒置的蛋白质组学所获知的一致。Warwood S,等人,Guanidinationchemistry for qualitative and quantitative proteomics.Rapid Communications inMass Spectrometry20(21):3245-3256(2006)。
更加详细地检测酶的效率。简单地通过改变酶-底物比例而改变或调节肽质量图谱的程度在图4中显示。猪笼草蛋白酶负载在溶液中的消化在50倍的范围内变化。对于胃蛋白酶实验而言,使用以浆状物形式固定的胃蛋白酶,而非游离的胃蛋白酶以避免大量胃蛋白酶自体溶解。酶负载在8倍范围内变化,较低的量导致较差的肽强度并且较高的量对绘图没有作用。即使在较高负载条件下,也会发现猪笼草蛋白酶产生非常低的自体溶解特点。聚集肽离子色谱图(PIC)用作有效消化的测量。在0.38:1(猪笼草蛋白酶:底物)与520:1(胃蛋白酶:底物)条件下发现的相对类似的分布的比较代表相对于HDX-样应用中的胃蛋白酶,猪笼草蛋白酶效率显著改善1400倍。
猪笼草蛋白酶消化物更易于通过改变酶负载以及产生XRCC4的变量表示从大片段调节至小片段。这在图4A中显示,通过在PIC中从低负载条件下的长滞留时间转变至高负载条件下的低滞留时间。该转变与最丰富的肽的平均肽长度有关,在低酶负载条件下从>12位移至高负载条件下的10。相反,改变的胃蛋白酶负载没有显著改变PIC或平均肽长度(图4B)。强制流动的胃蛋白酶微反应器可改善调节,但是可能不会产生较小的片段。
由猪笼草蛋白酶消化麦胶蛋白
由猪笼草蛋白酶消化麦胶蛋白通过使用LEAP HTX-PAL自动采样仪以及设计为氢/氘交换(HDX)应用的分配系统在溶液中进行。数据使用AB Sciex Triple-TOF 5600QqTOF质谱仪收集。肽使用Mascot(v2.3)通过MS/MS数据识别。简言之,将12pmol粗麦胶蛋白(购自Sigma Aldrich)与2μL 100倍浓缩的液体混合。在消化之后,将整个量注入连接至质谱仪的反相LC系统。在7cm,150μm i.d.Magic C18柱上捕获肽并在10分钟或30分钟内用10%至40%梯度的乙腈洗脱。选择在这些分析中所检测到的肽的MS/MS图谱的多种信息依赖性获得物的CID片段。在包含所有识别的小麦麦胶蛋白(α、β、γ、ω)蛋白质以及低分子量和高分子量的谷蛋白的微小数据库中检索图谱。图5显示了在37℃下,在1分钟、5分钟、10分钟、15分钟、30分钟、60分钟、130分钟、360分钟或810分钟之后,使用LC-MS/MS,来自消化来自小麦的麦胶蛋白的猪笼草蛋白酶的所识别的所有肽的平均长度。在分数方面,95%置信度(p<0.05)切割用于除去假阳性识别。肽长度的相关标准偏差在内插图中显示。
图6显示了在37℃下消化1分钟、5分钟、10分钟、15分钟、30分钟、60分钟、130分钟、360分钟或810分钟之后由LC-MS/MS识别的肽的数目,由长度分组。数据在图5中显示。
图7显示了与图5相同的数据,在37℃下消化10分钟、60分钟、120分钟、360分钟或810分钟之后获得某一长度的可能性。
虽然为了更加清楚地理解本发明,上述内容以举例说明的方式描述了一些细节和实例,但是本领域技术人员会理解的是,某些改变或改良可再后附的权利要求的范围内实施。此外,本文提供的每个参考文献其全部内容通过引用并入本文,这与将每个参考文献通过引用独立地并入本文的程度相同。
Claims (4)
1.猪笼草蛋白酶在制备用于调节患有麸质不耐受的患者体内的麸质不耐受的药物或用于调节患者体内由麸质不耐受介导的病症的药物方面的应用,其中,所述猪笼草蛋白酶是I型猪笼草蛋白酶、II型猪笼草蛋白酶和/或其盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述药物在消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品之前给药于所述患者。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述药物在消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品的同时给药于所述患者。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述药物在消化含有麸质或怀疑含有麸质的食品之后给药于所述患者。
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JP2011049697A (ja) | 2009-08-25 | 2011-03-10 | Panasonic Corp | フリッカ検出装置、撮像装置、フリッカ検出プログラム、及び、フリッカ検出方法 |
JP2013518589A (ja) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-05-23 | アマノ エンザイム ユーエスエー,リミテッド | グルテン不耐性に対するプロテアーゼの使用 |
WO2011126873A2 (en) | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-13 | Alvine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Proteases for degrading gluten |
US9023345B2 (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2015-05-05 | Novus International, Inc. | Methods for improving gut health |
US9005610B2 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2015-04-14 | Nepetx, Llc | Treatment of gluten intolerance and related conditions |
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