CN104982168A - Vegetation configuration method for reducing soil erosion - Google Patents
Vegetation configuration method for reducing soil erosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN104982168A CN104982168A CN201510314621.1A CN201510314621A CN104982168A CN 104982168 A CN104982168 A CN 104982168A CN 201510314621 A CN201510314621 A CN 201510314621A CN 104982168 A CN104982168 A CN 104982168A
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- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009894 physiological stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010010 raising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vegetation configuration method for reducing soil erosion. The method is to select a slope surface with slope of 2 to 5 degree and the slope surface is fertilized before planting; soybeans are planted along a contour line of the slope surface; soil surface tillage is performed for three times and then oil sunflowers are planted in bunch vertical to the contour line of the slope surface; and the soil surface tillage is performed three times again. According to the method, the solidification of vegetation roots to the soil, the obstruction of rake-shaped vegetation and hedge-type structure to the runoff transfer, and the interception of the vegetation coverage degree to the rainfall are utilized to reduce water current and solidify the soil at maximum, thus the sediment carrying capacity of the water current is decreased; the organic content of the soil is increased; the purposes of slowing down the water current velocity and decreasing the sediment carrying capacity of the water current are realized; the soil erosion at slope surface with slope of 2 to 5 degree at newly reclaimed area in Yili river basin is reduced; and the problems of water and soil loss and sharp decrease in soil productivity after large area exploitation are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vegetation arrangement method reducing the soil erosion, be specifically related to the vegetation arrangement method reducing the Yili River valley soil erosion.
Background technology
The soil erosion refers to that soil and matrix thereof are under the exogenic force effects such as waterpower, wind-force, freeze thawing or gravity, the process being destroyed, degrading, carrying and depositing.The division of soil erosion type for foundation, is divided into water erosion, gravitational erosion, freeze-thaw erosion and wind erosion etc. with external force character usually.The soil erosion will cause soil degradation, and reduce the production capacity of soil and the ability of regulation and control to environment, this has caused the extensive concern of people.According to Remote sensing centre of Ministry of Water Resources nineteen ninety investigation statistics, national soil erosion area reaches 4,920,000 km
2, account for 51% of area, wherein, Xinjiang is one of region that soil erosion in China is more serious.Full boundary is slight, and above soil erosion area is 98.64 ten thousand KM2, accounts for 59.42% of ground, the full territory gross area.In the past between 10 years, In The Soil of Xinjiang erosion area adds 22.25 ten thousand KM2, and erosion intensity is further strong.This no doubt has the impacts such as snow line retrogressing, glacier reinforcement, but majority of case is because the aggravation effect of human factor to the soil erosion is growing more intense, and then productivity of land is constantly declined, and ecotope is absorbed in vicious circle.
The 2006 annual national used in land use change survey results displays that Ministry of Land and Resources of China announces, China's quantity of cultivated land from 1996 19.51 hundred million mu reduce to 18.37 hundred million mu in 2006, annual reduces 1,550 ten thousand mu, approaches the red line of 1,800,000,000 mu.By current trends analysis, to the year two thousand twenty, China's arable land breach will reach more than 100,000,000 mu, and arable area reduces year by year, directly affect the sustainable growth of grain-production.Yili River valley is the important grain depot of China, is also important grain production bases, Xinjiang simultaneously.Become increasingly conspicuous as the Soil Erosion in one of large land exploitation-renovation Important Project enforcement ground, the whole nation seven its large area soil of Xinjiang Yili of China river valley in flakes development process, the soil erosion not only have lost effective Land_use change area, also makes the validity of existing Land_use change greatly reduce simultaneously.
Water and soil resources large area developing zone, Yili River valley new reclamation area mainly concentrates on 2 ° to 5 ° domatic, and by different agriculture Conservation tillage measures, the experimental study that gentle slope land produces husky runoff yield feature is shown, no matter this region pours water, and uninterrupted is domatic all can produce commonplace Soil Erosion.
Vegetation, as guide's factor of accelerated soil erosion, has a significant effect in the long-acting minimizing soil erosion.Consider Yili River valley soil erosion type and characteristic distributions, and consider that vegetation arrangement reduces economy and the technical validity of soil erosion method, utilize vegetation root system to the obstruction of soil consolidation, vegetation rake, the transmission of hedge formula structure diameter stream and vegetation coverage retaining rainfall, and then minimizing current, slow down flow velocity, reduce the silt carrying capacity of current, thus reach the object reducing the soil erosion.Soybean and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers intersect alternate cloth seedling, rake structure is formed in the horizontal direction after maturation, form hedge formula vegetation structure in vertical direction, this rake structure effectively can stop current in the horizontal direction, slow down flow velocity, reduce the silt carrying capacity of current, rill is also not easily formed, thus reduces the soil erosion; This hedge shape vegetation structure high-low staggered-floor in vertical direction, effectively reduce the sputter of rainfall to earth's surface, reduce because raindrop impact the soil degradation and transport phenomena caused, effectively reduce the soil erosion, simultaneously, the root density that this hedge shape vegetation structure makes vegetation be formed in underground carries out effective consolidation to soil, particularly rhizobium of bean fixes atmospheric nitrogen, and then increase soil nitrogen concentrations, improve the soil organic matter, while improving soil productivity, reach the object reducing the soil erosion.In addition, by coercing and restriction of adding that composite fertilizer reduces that soil depletion grows soybean and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, both promotions are grown, and both raisings reduce the ability of the soil erosion.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, provide a kind of vegetation arrangement method reducing the soil erosion, the method selects the gradient to be that 2-5 ° domatic carries out preceding dressing, plantation soybean is carried out along domatic contour, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, then perpendicular to domatic contour program request oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming.The method utilizes vegetation root system to the obstruction of soil consolidation, vegetation rake, the transmission of hedge formula structure diameter stream and vegetation coverage retaining rainfall, reduce current to greatest extent, slow down flow velocity, consolidated soil, reduce the silt carrying capacity of current, increase soil organic matter content, thus reach current, slow down flow velocity, reduce the object of the silt carrying capacity of current, to reduce the domatic soil erosion that is 2-5 ° in the Yili River valley new reclamation area gradient, the water and soil loss after avoiding large area to develop and soil productivity decline to a great extent problem.
A kind of vegetation arrangement method reducing the soil erosion of the present invention, follows these steps to carry out:
A, in late April, the gradient is selected to be that 2-5 ° domatic carries out preceding dressing, by 15-20kg/hm
2sealing fertilizer Stanley nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18;
B, carry out plantation soybean along domatic contour, adopt artificial dibbling, line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 8-10cm, degree of depth 4-5cm;
C, at the beginning of 6 months, perpendicular to domatic contour program request oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, line-spacing 60-65cm, spacing in the rows 35-40cm, degree of depth 4-5cm, every bunch planting kind 1-2 grain;
D, within 20-25 days after soybean planting, to start, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, the surface tillage time is respectively first time and carries out in conjunction with thinning, and second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, and the 6-7 month presses 15-20kg/hm
2impose composite fertilizer's Stanley nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18 twice;
E, within 20-25 days after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers program request, to start, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, the surface tillage time is respectively first time and carries out in conjunction with thinning, and second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, then carries out other field management according to a conventional method.
Surface tillage in steps d and step e is " shallow-dark-shallow ", and first time is shallow, degree of depth 5-10cm, and second time is dark, degree of depth 20-30cm, and third time is shallow, degree of depth 5-10cm.
A kind of vegetation arrangement method reducing the soil erosion of the present invention, the method is: one, selection gradient 2-5 ° is domatic, determines that this region easily causes large-area water and soil loss owing to irrigating; Two, for Yili River valley weather, respectively at program request soybean, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers at the beginning of late April, 6 months, give full play to the advantage that below root system is grown, its ladder is grown, finally form the hedge formula plant structure of rake in level and vertical direction on earth's surface; Three, after treating that soybean and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers germinate, carry out three subsurface soil farming respectively, surface tillage must grasp shallow-dark-shallow principle, first time should be shallow, and degree of depth 5-10cm, in order to avoid hinder root, second time should be dark, and degree of depth 20-30cm promotes root system development, third time should be shallow, degree of depth 5-10cm, hardens based on broken, should avoid hindering root, keep soil from packing together again, to promote the formation of vegetation rake, hedge formula structure; Four, for promoting soybean, the growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, alleviating the physiological stress that lean soil grows it, adding composite fertilizer.
A kind of vegetation arrangement method reducing the soil erosion of the present invention, its feature is: the present invention is directed to the new reclamation area of Yili River valley and irrigate the general Soil Erosion easily caused, by utilizing vegetation root system to the obstruction of soil consolidation, vegetation rake, the transmission of hedge formula structure diameter stream and vegetation coverage retaining rainfall, strengthen surface water and retain reduction of speed, improve underground consolidation increased quality, thus reduce the soil erosion to greatest extent.Experiment results proved, the vegetation arrangement scheme of this minimizing soil erosion can have and subtracts stream significantly and subtract husky effect, and mean sediment discharge comparatively bare area reduces about 93.6%, and average runoff coefficient reduces about 63.5%.
A kind of vegetation arrangement method reducing the soil erosion of the present invention, the composite fertilizer's Stanley three eutocia product described in the method are commercially available prod, are produced by Stanley Fertilizer Co., Ltd.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A, selecting the newly-ploughed district of Xinjiang Yili of China river valley, in late April, is that 2 ° domatic carries out preceding dressing, by 15kg/hm in the gradient
2apply composite fertilizer's Stanley three and pacify product nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18;
B, carry out soybean artificial dibbling along gradient contour, line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 8cm, degree of depth 4cm;
C, at the beginning of 6 months, perpendicular to the program request of the gradient contour oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, degree of depth 4cm, every bunch planting kind 1;
After d, soybean planting 20 days start, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, and first time is shallow, degree of depth 5cm, second time is dark, degree of depth 20cm, and third time is shallow, degree of depth 5cm, first time carries out in conjunction with thinning, and second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, and the 6-7 month presses 15kg/hm
2impose composite fertilizer's Stanley three and pacify product nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18 twice;
E, beginning in 20 days after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers program request, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, first time is shallow, degree of depth 5cm, second time is dark, degree of depth 20cm, third time is shallow, degree of depth 5cm, first time carries out in conjunction with thinning, second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, and remaining field management is carried out according to a conventional method.
Embodiment 2:
A, selecting the newly-ploughed district of Xinjiang Yili of China river valley, in late April, is that 3 ° domatic carries out preceding dressing, by 20kg/hm in the gradient
2apply composite fertilizer's Stanley three and pacify product nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18;
B, carry out soybean artificial dibbling along gradient contour, line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 9cm, degree of depth 5cm;
C, at the beginning of 6 months, perpendicular to contour program request oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, line-spacing 65cm, spacing in the rows 40cm, degree of depth 5cm, every bunch planting kind 2;
After d, soybean planting 20 days start, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, and first time is shallow, degree of depth 10cm, second time is dark, degree of depth 30cm, and third time is shallow, degree of depth 10cm, first time carries out in conjunction with thinning, and second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, and the 6-7 month presses 20kg/hm
2impose composite fertilizer's Stanley three and pacify product nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18 twice;
E, beginning in 25 days after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers program request, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, first time is shallow, degree of depth 10cm, second time is dark, degree of depth 30cm, third time is shallow, degree of depth 10cm, first time carries out in conjunction with thinning, second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, and remaining field management is carried out according to a conventional method.
Embodiment 3
A, select the newly-ploughed district of Xinjiang Yili of China river valley, in late April, select the gradient to be that 5 ° domatic carries out preceding dressing, by 18kg/hm
2apply composite fertilizer's Stanley nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18;
B, carry out plantation soybean along contour, adopt artificial dibbling, line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 9cm, degree of depth 5cm;
C, at the beginning of 6 months, perpendicular to contour program request oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, line-spacing 63cm, spacing in the rows 38cm, degree of depth 4cm, every bunch planting kind 2;
D, beginning in 23 days after soybean planting, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, first time is shallow, degree of depth 8cm, second time is dark, degree of depth 25cm, and third time is shallow, degree of depth 8cm, first time carries out in conjunction with thinning, and second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, and the 6-7 month presses 20kg/hm
2impose composite fertilizer's Stanley three and pacify product nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18 twice;
E, beginning in 23 days after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers program request, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, first time is shallow, degree of depth 8cm, second time is dark, degree of depth 25cm, third time is shallow, degree of depth 8cm, first time carries out in conjunction with thinning, second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, and remaining field management is carried out according to a conventional method.
A kind of vegetation arrangement method reducing the soil erosion of the present invention, the method is at Xinjiang Yili of China river valley newly-ploughed district experiment results proved: have and subtract stream significantly and subtract husky effect, and mean sediment discharge comparatively bare area reduces 93.6%, and average runoff coefficient reduces 63.5%.
Claims (2)
1. reduce a vegetation arrangement method for the soil erosion, it is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:
A, in late April, the gradient is selected to be that 2-5 ° domatic carries out preceding dressing, by 15-20kg/hm
2sealing fertilizer Stanley nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18;
B, carry out plantation soybean along domatic contour, adopt artificial dibbling, line-spacing 35cm, spacing in the rows 8-10cm, degree of depth 4-5cm;
C, at the beginning of 6 months, perpendicular to domatic contour program request oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, line-spacing 60-65cm, spacing in the rows 35-40cm, degree of depth 4-5cm, every bunch planting kind 1-2 grain;
D, within 20-25 days after soybean planting, to start, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, the surface tillage time is respectively first time and carries out in conjunction with thinning, and second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, and the 6-7 month presses 15-20kg/hm
2impose composite fertilizer's Stanley nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium=18: 18: 18 twice;
E, within 20-25 days after oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers program request, to start, carry out 3 subsurface soil farming, the surface tillage time is respectively first time and carries out in conjunction with thinning, and second time final singling was carried out after one week, and third time carries out before buddingging, then carries out other field management according to a conventional method.
2. want the method described in 1 according to right, it is characterized in that the surface tillage in steps d and step e is " shallow-dark-shallow ", first time is shallow, degree of depth 5-10cm, and second time is dark, degree of depth 20-30cm, and third time is shallow, degree of depth 5-10cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115336515A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating soybean cover crops for northeast slope farmland vegetables |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115336515A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating soybean cover crops for northeast slope farmland vegetables |
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| CN104982168B (en) | 2017-05-03 |
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