CN104982074B - 用于在多rat异构网络中选择节点的方法和用户设备 - Google Patents
用于在多rat异构网络中选择节点的方法和用户设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于多无线电接入技术(多RAT)异构网络(HetNet)中的用户设备(UE)的、可操作来从多RAT HetNet中的多个节点接收节点选择定价信息的技术。可以使用节点选择定价信息来为多RAT HetNet中的多个节点确定有效的归一化速率。可以选择多RAT HetNet中的节点来与之通信以便基于有效的归一化速率最大化被选偏好。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及用于异构网络中的网络选择的方法和用户设备。
背景技术
摩尔定律允许移动设备中的处理器被用于更复杂的处理,如用于在移动设备上显示的全运动视频的处理。然而,虽然摩尔定律使得处理器在处理能力上指数级增长,但是数据传输却不是这样。全运动视频的传输需要比文本乃至语音的传输多数千倍的数据。发送和接收每个被传输比特仍花费几乎同样的功率量。另外,数据通信的可用带宽仍然相对固定。为了适应数据传输的巨大增长,可用的无线电网络资源的有效利用至关重要。为了处理增加的用户数目的增加的无线业务和数据传输量,可用的无线电网络资源的有效利用已变得重要。
在同质网络中,也被称为宏节点的发送站可以通过发送较高功率信号来向广阔地理区域上的移动设备提供基本无线覆盖。然而,由于高度使用、地理变化、大建筑物等等,地理区域仍可能具有无线通信慢或难的区域。异构网络(HetNet)被引入以对其中通信慢或不存在通信的区域进行补偿并降低由移动设备的增加的效用和功能造成的对宏节点的增加的流量负载。 HetNet可以包括叠加了较低功率节点(微(micro)节点、微微(pico)节点、毫微微(femto)节点、家庭节点、中继站等等)的层的、有计划的高功率宏节点或宏演进节点B(eNodeB)的层,所述较低功率节点可以以计划不良乃至完全未经协调的方式被部署在宏节点的覆盖区域内。宏节点可以被用于基本覆盖,而低功率节点可以被用于填充覆盖孔洞,以提高热区或宏节点的覆盖区域之间的边界处的容量并改善其中建筑结构阻挡信号传输的室内覆盖。
然而,即使有了较低功率节点的针对性部署,大多用户仍将因宏节点的较高功率信号接收较强信号或具有较大下行链路容量。为了使HetNet中的节点更平衡地被使用以便例如平衡给定节点的流量负载,用户设备(UE) 与被选节点关联可以降低诸如宏节点之类的节点上的负载,使得用户被更好地服务。
对于多无线电接入技术(多RAT)HetNet架构的不同实施例,已出现节点关联和无线电接入技术(RAT)选择的若干方法以更好地在整个网络上分布流量。多RAT HetNet架构是包括支持不同类型的无线电接入技术的多个节点的HetNet。RAT可在许可的和/或未经许可的频带上操作。多RAT HetNet可以支持许可频带技术(如第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)技术)和未经许可的频带技术(如电气电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11WiFi技术)。其他类型的许可和未经许可频带也可以被支持,如前面段落中讨论的那些。
节点范围扩展方案已被设计为与单RAT HetNet一起工作,其中基于信噪比(SNR)的节点关联方案被扩展以将流量从宏节点引导至小节点。为合并了多个RAT的HetNet设计的节点关联通常被发展为负责节点关联中的服务质量(QoS)。其他负载均衡技术已针对多RAT HetNet被设计。用于集成式多RAT HetNet的、优化集成式小节点的跨多个RAT的负载的网络控制的节点选择和分配机制已被研发。用于宏辅助的HetNet的节点关联和 RAT选择的集中式解决方案也已被设计。全分布式UE中心方案已被设计,其中RAT选择在没有来自网络的任何帮助的情况下被执行。
另外,对于这些设计,网络合作的可用性和可行性非常有限。例如,多RAT HetNet的计划的运营商部署包括分布式部署,其中接入点(AP)或 eNodeB不一定共位置并且它们之间不存在直接网络接口,例如,第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)节点和无线局域网(WLAN)AP之间不存在网络接口。另外的UE辅助带来了与这些方案相关的开销。
每个节点选择方案具有对网络辅助信息进行信号传输的独特方法并在它们的网络选择决定中采用不同方法供UE借助来使用该信息。另外,这些设计的性能大大偏离了完全网络合作情况下可用的最优解决方案。另外,由于设计上的所有变化,UE合并和/或使用来自不同设计的信息变得很麻烦。
发明内容
本发明的一种实施例涉及一种用户设备,用于选择多无线电接入技术异构网络即多RAT HetNet中的节点,所述用户设备具有计算机电路,所述计算机电路被配置成:接收来自所述多RAT HetNet中的多个节点的节点选择定价信息;使用所述节点选择定价信息来为所述多RAT HetNet中的多个节点确定有效的归一化速率;选择所述多RAT HetNet中要与之通信的节点,以基于所述有效的归一化速率使被选偏好最大化,其中所述被选偏好是由Ueff=f(uuser,uoperator,Network Price)表示的有效效用,其中Ueff是所述有效效用,uuser是对用户的效用,uoperator是对运营商的效用,并且Network Price 是所述节点选择定价信息。
本发明的另一种实施例涉及一种用于用户设备UE选择多无线电接入技术异构网络即多RAT HetNet中的HetNet节点的方法,所述方法包括:接收来自所述多RAT HetNet中的多个节点的节点选择定价信息;使用所述节点选择定价信息来为所述多个节点确定有效的归一化速率;使用所述节点选择定价信息选择所述多RAT HetNet中的节点,以相对于所述有效的归一化速率使被选偏好最大化,其中,所述有效的归一化速率由表示,其中Reff是所述有效的归一化速率,R(SNR)是信噪比的函数,并且 Price表示所述节点选择定价信息。
附图说明
本公开的特征和优势将通过以下详细说明结合附图变得明显,详细说明和附图一起通过示例方式例示本公开的特征,其中:
图1描绘了根据示例,具有叠加了较低功率节点的层的宏小区的多RAT HetNet;
图2a描绘了根据示例的合作网络;
图2b示出了根据示例的核心网络;
图3描绘了根据示例的网络定价(pricing)框架;
图4a例示了根据示例的共位的HetNet和WLAN节点;
图4b例示了根据示例与WLAN节点邻近的HetNet节点;
图5a示出了根据示例其中每个节点将不同类型的网络辅助信息传递给 UE的非标准化系统;
图5b示出了根据示例其中每个节点将标准化网络选择定价信息传递给 UE的标准化系统;
图6例示了根据示例的基本网络定价框架;
图7描绘了根据示例可操作来选择多RAT HetNet中的节点的UE的计算机电路的功能;
图8描绘了根据示例可操作来将节点选择定价信息提供给UE的多RAT HetNet中的节点的计算机电路的功能;
图9例示了根据示例UE在多RAT HetNet中选择HetNet节点的方法;
图10例示了根据示例用于将HetNet中的节点的节点选择定价信息提供给UE的方法;并且
图11例示了根据示例的用户设备(UE)的图示。
现在将参考所例示的示例性实施例,并且本文将使用特定语言来描述示例性实施例。然而将理解,不因此打算限制发明的范围。
具体实施方式
在公开和描述本发明之前,要理解的是本发明不限于本文公开的具体结构、处理步骤或素材,而是扩展到本领域普通技术人员将认识到的它们的等同物。还应理解,本文采用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体示例而使用的,而不打算成为限制性的。不同附图中的相同标号代表同一元素。流程图中提供的号码和处理是为了清楚地例示步骤和操作而提供的,不一定指示特定顺序或次序。
网络中增加的合作能够提供改善的网络辅助信息,所述改善的网络辅助信息能够将用户设备(UE)朝着最大化系统中心度量的决定引导,所述系统中心度量例如是每节点/每服务区域公平比例的吞吐量或总吞吐量。集中且合作的节点关联设计可以产生简单网络辅助信息,所述简单网络辅助信息带动针对基于UE的网络选择方案的最优结果。UE中心方案可能是期望的,因为UE可以将用户偏好作为因素计入其无线电接入技术(RAT)选择决定。传递分配决定时的信令开销也能被大大降低。
另外,可以跨各种多RAT HetNet场景一致地应用并伸缩的、用于网络辅助的UE中心节点关联/RAT选择的常用框架随着网络中合作级别的增加而提供改进的性能。该框架的一个实施例是在多RAT HetNet中使用基于定价的网络选择。图1描绘的多RAT HetNet具有叠加了较低功率节点的层的宏小区110和宏节点120,所述较低功率节点包括微节点130、微微节点140、毫微微节点150和WiFi接入点(AP)160。虽然多RAT HetNet架构是使用用于无线电谱的授权部分中的通信的第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)技术和用于无线电谱的未经授权部分中的通信的电气电子工程师协会(IEEE) 802.11WiFi技术来例示的,但这不应理解为限制性的。其他类型的授权和未经授权技术也可被使用,如蓝牙、Zigbee、近场通信(NFC)和其他通信技术。
在多RAT HetNet架构的一个实施例中,该架构包括集成式多RAT小节点,其中诸如WiFi和3GPP之类的多无线电接口被集成为单个基础设施设备的一部分。在另一实施例中,多RAT HetNet架构包括基础设施节点之间或节点和UE之间的增加的合作级别。
图2a例示了合作网络的一个示例。在图2a中,UE 210与包括宏节点 220、多个毫微微节点230和WiFi AP 240的多个节点通信。在一个实施例中,不同节点类型可以彼此通信、辅助计算并共享信息。图2a还描绘了宏节点220、多个毫微微节点230和WiFi AP 240也彼此通信并和UE 210通信。在另一实施例中,多RAT HetNet架构包括集中式架构,在该集中式架构中,大片区域的宏网络提供用于管理设备的控制链路并支持移动性功能,并且宏网络利用较小节点的层进行高数据速率传输。
在一个实施例中,基于定价的网络选择框架可以跨各种多RAT HetNet 部署(如分布式、集成式和宏辅助的多RAT HetNet)统一网络辅助信息。定价信息可跨不同类型的网络并且在各种情形中被计算,以随着网络中增加的合作提供改进水平的性能。在一个实施例中,RAN级定价机制被使用。在另一实施例中,定价信息可由核心网提供。
图2b示出核心网的一个示例性实施例,如演进的分组核心(EPC)280。图2b还示出通过诸如蜂窝网之类的通信网络220连接到EPC 280的UE 210。 eNodeB 230可以是通信网络220中的基站。eNodeB 230可以与EPC 280通信。EPC 280可以包括一个或多个网络元件,如服务网关(服务GW)240、分组数据网络网关(PDN GW)250和移动性管理实体(MME)260和归属订户服务器(HSS)270。EPC 280可以经由PDN GW连接到外部网络282。在一个实施例中,外部网络282可以包括因特网协议(IP)多媒体核心网子系统(IMS)290。诸如图1例示的宏小区110之类的多RAT HetNet通信的 UE可以经由诸如EPC 280之类的核心网与外部网络282通信。
HSS 270可以是包含EPC 280的用户相关和/或订户相关信息的数据库。
服务GW 240和PDN GW 250可以在UE 210和外部网络282之间传递数据流量。服务GW 240可以在UE 210和EPC 280之间传递数据分组。PDN GW 250可以与服务GW 240通信。PDN GW 250可以从服务GW 240接收数据并将该数据传递到外部网络282。
除了进行其他任务之外,MME 260还可以在UE 210处于空闲模式时跟踪UE 210并且寻呼UE 210。
网络定价框架可以用作分布式和全集中式多RAT HetNet二者中节点、 RAT或节点选择的统一方法。定价框架可用于所有类型的节点,如3GPP 宏节点(eNodeB)、3GPP小节点、集成多RAT小节点或WLAN接入点。在一个实施例中,网络定价框架可以由3GPP网络中的节点管理。在另一实施例中,用于多RAT UE的网络定价框架可以逻辑地关联3GPP网络和未经授权频谱技术(如WLAN节点或小区)二者。在一个实施例中,如果UE 决定将WLAN节点或小区唯一地用于数据流量,则UE仍可保持与最优 3GPP节点的空闲模式关联。
图3描绘了网络定价框架的一个实施例。在图3中,HetNet节点310 被配置成计算(330)定价信息,所述定价信息可以被UE 320用来确定是否关联HetNet节点。在一个实施例中,定价信息是独立于其他节点、小区或集中式控制实体来计算的。在另一实施例中,定价信息是通过其他节点、小区或集中式控制实体的完全或部分合作来计算的。HetNet节点310随后可以向UE广播网络或节点选择价格。例如,节点选择价格可以使用系统信息块(340)或通过另一广播或单播手段(如无线电资源控制(RRC)信令) 来广播。在一个实施例中,HetNet节点310还可以向UE 320广播相邻、相近或共位的WLAN节点的节点选择价格。相邻、相近或共位的WLAN节点的节点选择价格可以经由专用网络级合作(350)或经由诸如X2接口的节点到节点连接被传递到HetNet节点。
图4a示出当HetNet节点430和440不具有共位的WLAN节点时,共位的HetNet和WLAN节点420和450的示例。图4a还描绘了共位的HetNet 和WLAN节点420和450中的HetNet节点被配置成将网络选择价格传递给 UE 410。图4b示出当HetNet节点432和442不具有邻近的WLAN节点时,分别与WLAN节点424和454邻近的HetNet节点422和452的示例。图 4b还描绘了HetNet节点422和452从WLAN节点424和454接收网络选择价格并将HetNet节点422和452网络选择价格二者和WLAN节点424 和454网络选择价格二者分别传递给UE 412。
在另一实施例中,图3的示例中例示的HetNet节点310可以使用关于相邻或相近WLAN AP的UE辅助信息集合来广播节点选择定价。UE 320 使用节点选择定价来为其附近的每个节点或小区计算有效的归一化速率 (360)。在一个实施例中,UE 320可以将有效的归一化速率与捕获UE 320 偏好和效用和/或运营商偏好的其他度量相结合。在一个实施例中,有效的归一化速率是基于包括UE偏好和运营商偏好二者的网络选择价格信息针对网络或节点的效用或偏好整体被确定或优化的。例如,当邻近UE的节点过载时,UE可将节点邻近度和传输链路质量设置为其最高偏好。在该示例中,网络选择价格信息被调整以负责节点过载并反映更高的价格,例如UE 与之形成连接的次优节点。在一个实施例中,有效的归一化速率是针对基于网络选择价格信息组合的UE和网络或节点的效用或偏好被确定或优化的。
在一个实施例中,UE 320可将归一化速率计算为信噪比(SNR)或信干噪比(SINR)的函数,例如其中Reff是有效的归一化速率, R(SNR)是信噪比(SNR)的函数,并且Price表示节点选择定价信息。UE 320 可基于定价信息370选择诸如3GPP或WLAN节点或其他节点之类的一个或多个HetNet节点310。
在一个实施例中,UE 320可以选择HetNet节点310以最大化其总传输速率或上行链路和/或下行链路速率。在另一实施例中,UE 320可以选择一个或多个HetNet节点310以最大化其总效用。UE可将净效用或总效用计算为网络选择价格的函数来进行RAT选择决定,例如Ueff=f(uuser,uoperator, Network Price),其中Ueff是有效效用,uuser是对用户的效用,uoperator是对运营商的效用,并且Network Price是节点选择定价信息。效用可以包含网络速率,用户服务质量(QoS),功率水平,延迟率等等。
网络选择定价可以跨具有不同合作级别的不同多RAT架构来计算。另外,网络选择定价可被计算以向UE提供跨不同架构、场景和HetNet节点的标准化定价方案。图5a示出非标准化系统的示例,其中每个节点520-550 将不同类型的网络辅助信息传递给UE 510以供UE 510用来确定节点选择。图5a的被传递的网络辅助信息不是标准化的,因为每个节点发送不同的网络辅助信息。图5b示出标准化系统的一个示例,其中每个节点522-552向 UE传递定价信息,其中定价信息是标准化信息结构。标准化定价允许UE 跨不同架构、场景和HetNet节点一致地解释网络选择定价信息。在一个实施例中,RAT或节点选择可随着网络中增加的合作而改进。在一个实施例中,RAT或节点选择是以对空中接口和UE实现方式透明的方式执行的。在一个示例中,在不改变信令或UE实现方式的情况下,同样的框架可以跨分布式多RAT HetNet部署和集成式多RAT HetNet部署被重用,虽然当与集成式架构一起使用时可获得改进的性能。
图6例示了应用网络定价框架的基本机制。另外,图6的块620示出节点与WLAN AP或其他3GPP节点的不同程度的合作。例如,服务3GPP 移动宽带服务(MBS)、3GPP小节点和/或多RAT小节点612可以实现与网络中的WLAN AP和其他3GPP节点的不同程度的合作以确定它们的无线电资源的网络选择价格。一种程度的节点合作是用于分布式WLAN的信息的 UE辅助的交换。另一种程度的节点合作是与共位的WLAN AP的完全合作。另一种程度的节点合作是跨宏辅助的HetNet中的网络节点的完全合作。另一种程度的节点合作是通过诸如LTE无线电接入X2接口之类的接口与其他节点的合作。
图6还描绘了服务3GPP MBS/3GPP小节点/多RAT小节点612可以在系统信息块中向多RAT UE 610广播630用于3GPP和相邻WLAN节点二者的网络选择价格。图6另外描绘了其他3GPP节点316在系统信息块中广播640用于3GPP和相邻或相近WLAN节点二者的网络选择价格。多RAT UE 610随后将网络选择价格信息与对和每个节点的连接速率的本地估计相结合以计算有效的归一化速率650。多RAT UE 610随后可以基于有效的归一化速率启动与一组最佳RAT和节点660的节点关联。
图7提供了用于例示可操作来选择多RAT HetNet中的节点的UE的计算机电路的一个实施例的功能的流程图700。该功能可被实施为方法或该功能可作为机器上的指令被执行,其中所述指令被包含在至少一个计算机可读介质或至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质上。计算机电路可以被配置成接收来自多RAT HetNet中的多个节点的节点选择定价信息,如在块710中那样。计算机电路还可以被配置成使用节点选择定价信息来为多RAT HetNet中的多个节点确定有效的归一化速率,如在块720中那样。计算机电路还可以被配置成在多RAT HetNet中选择要与之通信的节点以基于有效的归一化速率最大化被选偏好,如块730中那样。
在一个实施例中,被选偏好是UE用来与多RAT HetNet中的被选节点通信的数据传输速率。被选偏好可以包括UE用来与多RAT HetNet中的被选节点通信的数据传输速率、有效数据速率、延迟、功率水平、吞吐量、服务质量、功率效率中的一个。在另一实施例中,被选偏好被计算为节点选择定价信息的函数。在另一实施例中,被选偏好是由Ueff=f(uuser,uoperator, Network Price)表示的有效效用,其中是Ueff有效效用,uuser是对用户的效用,uoperator是对运营商的效用,并且Network Price是节点选择定价信息。
图8提供了用于例示可操作来将节点选择定价信息提供给UE的多RAT HetNet中的节点的计算机电路的一个实施例的功能的流程图800。该功能可被实施为方法或该功能可作为机器上的指令被执行,其中所述指令被包含在至少一个计算机可读介质或至少一个非暂态机器可读存储介质上。计算机电路可以被配置成确定节点处的优化参数,如在块810中那样。计算机电路还可以被配置成基于优化参数计算节点的节点选择定价信息,如在块820中那样。在一个实施例中,优化参数是节点处的负载。计算机电路还可以被配置成将多RAT HetNet中的节点的节点选择定价信息传递给UE,如块830中那样。在一个实施例中,多RAT HetNet包括一个或多个蜂窝网络节点和一个或多个电气电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11-2012配置的接入点。在一个实施例中,一个或多个蜂窝网络可以是3GPP LTERel.8,9,10,11或 12网络和/或IEEE 802.16p,802.16n,802.16m-2011,802.16h-2010,802.16j-2009,802.16-2009。在一个实施例中,使用的RAT可包括多个不同的RAT,如3GPPRAT,WLAN RAT,毫米波RAT,D2D RAT,60Hz RAT, IEEE 802.15RAT等等。
在一个实施例中,计算机电路可以被配置成计算多RAT HetNet中多个节点的节点选择定价信息以供UE进行节点选择。在一个实施例中,计算机电路可被配置成接收多RATHetNet中多个节点的用于供UE进行节点选择的节点选择定价信息。在一个实施例中,宏节点可从网络接收定价信息,其中每个节点将定价信息报告给物流。在另一实施例中,每个节点将其定价信息经由有线或无线通信传递给宏节点。
在一个实施例中,多RAT HetNet中的节点的计算机电路可以被配置成将多RATHetNet中的多个节点的节点选择定价信息从节点传递到UE以使得UE能够选择多RATHetNet中的节点。在另一实施例中,节点选择定价信息使用系统信息块(SIB)被从节点广播到多个UE。在另一实施例中,节点选择定价信息可以通过与集中式控制实体或多RATHetNet中的其他节点的完全或部分合作被确定。在一个实施例中,节点可以是与多个电气电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11-2012接入点集成的或邻近多个非集成IEEE 802.11-2012接入点的第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)长期演进(LTE)增强型节点B(eNodeB)。集中式控制实体可以是诸如3GPP LTE Rel.8,9,10,11 或12网络和/或IEEE 802.16p,802.16n,802.16m-2011,802.16h-2010, 802.16j-2009,802.16-2009之类的3GPP LTE网络中的核心网。在另一实施例中,节点与具有不同RAT的一个或多个节点相集成。在另一实施例中,节点是与多个电气电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11-2012接入点相集成或邻近多个非集成IEEE 802.11-2012接入点的第三代合作伙伴项目(3GPP)长期演进(LTE)增强型节点B(eNodeB)。
另一示例提供了UE在多RAT HetNet中选择HetNet节点的方法900,如图9中的流程图所示。该方法包括从多RAT HetNet中的多个节点接收节点选择定价信息的操作,如块910中那样。该方法还包括使用节点选择定价信息确定多个节点的有效的归一化速率的操作,如块920中那样。该方法还包括使用节点选择定价信息选择多RAT HetNet中的节点以相对于有效的归一化速率最大化被选偏好的操作,如块930中那样。
在一个实施例中,有效的归一化速率是信噪比(SNR)或信干噪比(SINR) 的函数。在另一实施例中,有效的归一化速率由表示,其中Reff是有效的归一化速率,R(SNR)是信噪比(SNR)的函数,并且Price表示节点选择定价信息。在另一实施例中,该方法还包括将有效的归一化速率与 UE偏好、UE效用或运营商偏好相结合以选择多RAT HetNet中的节点。
在另一实施例中,有效的归一化速率与UE偏好、UE效用或运营商偏好可以被用来选择多RAT HetNet中的节点。在另一实施例中,被选偏好可通过选择最高的有效归一化数据发送或数据接收率来最大化。在另一实施例中,节点关联可通过多RAT HetNet中的被选节点来启动。在一个实施例中,节点选择定价信息时从多RAT HetNet中的单无线电接入技术(RAT) 接收的。在一个实施例中,来自多RAT HetNet中的单RAT的节点选择定价信息是使用节点范围扩展方案来确定的。在另一实施例中,节点范围扩展方案可通过将功率偏移添加到来自小节点的被测信噪比上来确定。在另一实施例中,有效的归一化速率由R(SNRoriginal)=PowerOffsetdB Price/(1-Price)表示,其中R(SNRoriginal)是有效的归一化速率,PowerOffsetdB 表示以分贝为单位的功率偏移值,并且Price是节点选择定价信息。
在另一实施例中,形成UE和多RAT HetNet中的多个节点之间的连接可以通过确定用于关联的最优节点来完成。用于关联的最优节点可以通过对与每个节点相关联的归一化有效速率进行等级排序并基于该等级排序形成与多个节点的连接而被选择。
另一示例提供了用于向UE提供HetNet中的节点的节点选择定价信息的方法1000,如图10中的流程图所示。该方法包括为多RAT HetNet中的多个节点从核心网计算节点选择定价信息的操作,如块1010中那样。该方法还包括将节点选择定价信息广播给多个UE,如块1020中那样。该方法还包括当节点在可操作来服务多个UE中的UE的节点中具有最低节点选择价格时形成该节点与多个UE中的特定UE之间的连接,如块1030中那样。
在一个实施例中,节点选择定价信息时从核心网接收的,其中核心网提供包括分布式多RAT HetNet,集成式多RAT HetNet以及/或者宏辅助的多RAT HetNet的接入网。在另一实施例中,分布式多RAT HetNet中的节点的节点选择定价信息是基于UE的信噪比(SNR)度量或信干噪比(SINR) 度量、多RAT HetNet中的节点的目标负载以及多RAT HetNet中的节点的实际负载来确定的。在另一实施例中,信噪比(SNR)度量或信干噪比(SINR) 由UE报告或针对UE被测量。在另一实施例中,信噪比(SNR)度量或信干噪比(SINR)是基于诸如UE和多RAT HetNet中的节点之间的数据的总吞吐量之类的度量的。在另一实施例中,该方法还包括使用1/(Target Load-Actual Load)来计算分布式多RAT HetNet中的每个节点的节点选择定价信息,其中Target Load是与最优总吞吐量相关联的用户的数目(所述最优总吞吐量是针对与多RAT HetNet中的节点相关联的选定数目的用户的),并且其中Actual Load表示当前与多RAT HetNet中的节点相关联的用户的实际数目或者当前与多RAT HetNet中的节点相关联的用户的吞吐量。
在另一实施例中,集成式多RAT HetNet的节点选择定价信息是基于根据电气电子工程师协会(IEEE)802.11-2012的核心网中的节点的价格以及核心网中的蜂窝网络节点的节点选择价格来确定的。蜂窝网络节点可包括诸如3GPP LTE Rel.8,9,10,11或12网络和/或IEEE 802.16p,802.16n, 802.16m-2011,802.16h-2010,802.16j-2009,802.16-2009之类的节点。在另一实施例中,集成式多RAT HetNet的节点选择定价信息可包括将核心网中的蜂窝网络节点的节点选择定价信息计算为(K-m)/log(K-m)并将核心网中的 Wi-Fi节点的节点选择定价信息计算为(m/log(m))。在一个实施例中,m是要与Wi-Fi节点关联的用户的最优数目并且K是多RAT HetNet中的用户数目,并且K-m是蜂窝网络节点的用户数目。在另一实施例中,m是要与 Wi-Fi节点关联以优化跨Wi-Fi接入点和蜂窝网络的总效用的用户的最优数目。
在一个实施例中,UE使用网络选择定价信息来计算有效数据速率。在另一实施例中,UE使用网络选择定价信息来计算其他效用,如延迟或功率。
在一个实施例中,网络选择定价信息可针对单RAT HetNet来计算。单 RAT HetNet可使用节点范围扩展来使关联向小节点偏斜。在一个实施例中, UE使用添加到从小节点层测量的SNR的固定的或每节点的功率偏移。当固定的或每节点的关联偏移为正时,UE将人为地关联小节点层。节点范围扩展方案还可扮演如下定价机制,借助该定价机制,小节点层的价格被降低以便更好地平衡负载。在一个实施例中,不是广播功率偏移,而是网络/ 小节点或小区可广播零和一之间的如下价格(0<Price<1),该价格可抬高与节点或小区相关联的感知或归一化速率。
在另一实施例中,网络选择价格可这样计算,其中基于网络选择定价的方法的有效的归一化速率等于基于SNR偏移的偏斜方法。例如,如果R ≈log(SNR),则求解以下方程将得到与基于功率偏移的偏斜相同的有效速率: R(SNRoriginal)=PowerOffsetdB Price/(1-Price),其中R(SNRoriginal)是有效的归一化速率,PowerOffsetdB表示以分贝为单位的功率偏移值,并且Price是节点选择定价信息。在该示例中,如果网络选择价格增长到超过1,则UE可以被指示与宏节点相关联。
在一个实施例中,网络选择定价信息可针对分布式多RAT HetNet被计算。在一个实施例中,分布式多RAT框架中的网络选择价格的计算取决于跨目标节点或节点可得到的合作级别。在另一实施例中,UE辅助可被用来计算实现更好的跨节点的负载平衡的每节点价格。在缺少任何合作的情况下,每个节点可简单地广播该节点或小区上的当前物理负载,这可以帮助UE评估它们在目标节点或节点上的吞吐量。在该示例中,每个节点或小区的价格将等于与每个节点或小区相关联的用户的当前数目。在该示例中,计算方案不总是产生好的性能,除非与额外的控制机制一起使用。
在另一示例中,简单的启发式方法可被用来改善关于节点内的竞争定价的性能基础。在该示例中,每个节点或小区从潜在用户收集SNR/SINR 度量。每个节点或小区的目标负载可以基于基站投射最佳总吞吐量的 SNR/SINR度量(或替代度量)来计算,如果K个最为期望的用户与节点相关联的话。
节点或小区随后广播关于该节点或小区的被计算为1/(Target Load-ActualLoad)的价格。在一个实施例中,Target Load是与如下最优总吞吐量相对应的用户的最优数目,所述最优总吞吐量是针对与多RAT HetNet 中的节点相关联的选定数目的用户的,并且其中Actual Load表示当前与多 RAT HetNet中的节点相关联的用户的实际数目。这种情况下,UE选择节点的概率随着实际负载接近目标负载而下降。
在一个实施例中,网络选择定价信息可针对集成式多RAT HetNet来计算。在一个实施例中,一旦UE与集成式小节点或小区相关联,则最大化用户跨WiFi和LTE RAT的分配的公平比例(prop-fair)吞吐量满足用于分配到WiFi RAT的用户的以下条件:
在该实施例中,是WiFi或LTE链路上的用户的平均速率,c(K-m)= m/log(m),其中m是可以被分配或关联到WiFi的用户的最优数目,并且K 是选择或定义的常数。在一个示例中,m是在假设跨关于小节点或小区的 RAT的完全合作的情况下,基于跨WLAN和3GPP接口二者的UE速率的全部知识来计算的。在一个实施例中,WiFi节点或小区的节点价格被计算为(m/log(m)),并且LTE节点或小区的节点价格被计算为(K-m)/log(K-m)。在一个实施例中,所示比率可以是在已执行了节点范围扩展以将UE引导至集成式小节点之后计算的归一化速率。相应地在该实施例中,有效的网络选择价格是WLAN和3GPP节点或小区网络选择价格的乘积。在一个实施例中,WLAN和3GPP节点或小区可以是共位的,以实现最优网络选择定价的计算。
在一个实施例中,网络选择定价信息可针对宏辅助的多RAT HetNet来计算。在一个实施例中,与集中式宏辅助的HetNet的完全合作导致可产生最优节点关联的网络选择定价。在一个实施例中,网络选择定价是通过使用拉格朗日乘子来最大化跨系统中用户的最小吞吐量或总吞吐量而被解决的。在一个实施例中,为了最大化静态网络中的对数和吞吐量(资源公平),优化问题可以是:
并且0≤xi,(k,r)≤1,
拉格朗日对偶问题是:
并且μi>0,这是对应于约束
的拉格朗日乘子,并且μi是对应于约束
的拉格朗日乘子,并且
在一个实施例中,为了最大化静态网络中的每用户最小吞吐量(速率公平),优化问题可以是:Max Rmin
s.t.
并且0≤xi,(k,r)≤1,
拉格朗日对偶问题是:
并且μi≥0,λ(k,r)≥0,这是对应于约束
的拉格朗日乘子,并且μi是对应于约束
的拉格朗日乘子。
在一个实施例中,每节点或小区的网络选择价格是与每个节点相关联的拉格朗日乘子。在另一实施例中,宏辅助的多RAT HetNet的节点选择定价信息包括根据宏辅助的多RAT HetNet架构安排节点并在集中式节点处使用拉格朗日乘子来计算节点选择价格信息。在一个实施例中,宏辅助的多 RAT HetNet架构包括一个或多个锚节点和一个或多个多RAT小小区节点。
在一个实施例中,网络选择定价信息可使用多归属/多节点选择来计算。在一个实施例中,单RAT HetNet、分布式多RAT HetNet、集成式多RAT HetNet和宏辅助的多RATHetNet的定价框架可以被用来计算网络选择定价并供UE同时与多于一个节点相关联。在一个实施例中,UE可以对与每个节点或小区相关联的归一化有效速率进行等级排序以选择用于关联的最优节点的选择或定义的数目。
在另一实施例中,在为诸如单RAT HetNet、分布式多RAT HetNet、集成式多RATHetNet和宏辅助的多RAT HetNet之类的HetNet计算网络选择定价时,网络选择定价可被用来计算归一化速率度量或效用度量,如网络延迟、功率、服务质量等等。在一个实施例中,UE可将网络定价信息与其他度量相结合,其他度量例如是UE或运营商对最终节点、节点或RAT选择的偏好。
在一个实施例中,其他价格运算可被计算,如多运营商网络中的竞争定价。在另一实施例中,核心网或基于应用的网络选择定价可被计算。在一个示例中,用户为在蜂窝网络中发送更多数据支付罚金。
在一个实施例中,使用的RAT可包括多个不同的RAT,如3GPP RAT, WLAN RAT,毫米波RAT,D2D RAT,60Hz RAT等等。在另一实施例中,蜂窝网络可以是3GPP LTE Rel.8,9,10,11或12网络和/或IEEE 802.16p, 802.16n,802.16m-2011,802.16h-2010,802.16j-2009,802.16-2009。
图11还提供了可以被用于无线设备的音频输入和输出的麦克风和一个或多个扬声器的图示。显示屏可以是液晶显示(LCD)屏或其他类型的显示屏,如有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器。显示屏可以被配置成触摸屏。触摸屏可使用电容、电阻或另一种类型的触摸屏技术。应用处理器和图形处理器可以被耦合到内部存储器以提供处理和显示能力。非易失性存储端口也可以被用于向用户提供数据输入/输出选项。非易失性存储端口还可以被用于扩展无线设备的存储能力。键盘可与无线设备相集成或无线地连接到无线设备以提供附加的用户输入。虚拟键盘也可使用触摸屏被提供。
各种技术或其某些方面或部分可采取诸如软盘、CD-ROM、硬驱动器、非暂态计算机可读存储介质或任何其他机器可读存储介质之类的有形介质中体现的程序代码的形式,其中当程序代码被加载到诸如计算机之类的机器中并由该机器运行时,所述机器成为用于实施各种技术的设备。在程序代码运行在可编程计算机上的情况下,计算设备可包括处理器、处理器可读的存储介质(包括易失性和非易失性存储器和/或存储元件)、至少一个输入设备和至少一个输出设备。易失性和非易失性存储器和/或存储元件可以是RAM、EPROM、闪驱、光驱、磁硬驱或用于存储电子数据的其他介质。基站和移动台还可包括收发器模块、计数器模块、处理模块和/或时钟模块或计时器模块。可实施或利用本文描述的各种技术的一个或多个程序可使用应用编程接口(API)、可重用控件等等。这种程序可用高级过程或面向对象编程语言实现以与计算机系统通信。然而,(一个或多个)程序可用汇编或机器语言实现,如果期望的话。任何情况下,语言可以是编译或解释型语言,并与硬件实现方式相结合。
应该理解,为了更具体地强调其实现方式独立性,本说明书中描述的很多功能单元已被标记为模块。例如,模块可被实现为包括定制VLSI电路或门阵列、诸如逻辑芯片、晶体管或其他离散组件之类的现成半导体的硬件电路。模块还可用诸如现场可编程门阵列、可编程阵列逻辑、可编程逻辑设备等可编程硬件设备实现。
模块还可用由各种类型的处理器执行的软件来实现。可执行代码的被识别模块例如可包括例如可被组织成对象、过程或功能的计算机指令的一个或多个物理或逻辑块。然而,被识别模块的可执行体无需物理上在一起,而是可包括在不同位置存储的不同指令,这些指令当逻辑上结合在一起时,包括所述模块并实现该模块的宣称的目标。
实际上,可执行代码的模块可以是单个指令或多个指令,并且甚至可以分布在若干不同的代码段上、不同程序之间和若干存储设备上。简单地,操作数据可在本文中被识别并例示在模块内,并且可以提供任何适当的形式来体现并被组织在任何适当类型的数据结构内。操作数据可被收集为单个数据集,或者可分布在包括不同存储设备的不同位置上,并且可至少部分地仅作为系统或网络上的电子信号存在。模块可以是被动或主动的,包括可操作来执行期望的功能的代理。
本说明书各处对“示例”的引用意味着结合该示例描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包括在本发明的至少一个实施例中。因此,本说明书各处出现的短语“在一个示例中”不一定全部指代同一实施例。
如本文所使用的,为了方便起见,多个项目、结构元素、组成元素和/ 或素材可被呈现在共同的列表中。然而,这些列表应被解释成仿佛该列表的每个成员各自被识别为分开且唯一的成员。因此,在没有相反指示的情况下,这种列表的任何一个成员不应仅基于它们与同一列表的任何其他呈现呈现在共同的群中而被解释成该其他成员的实际上的等同物。另外,本发明的各种实施例和示例在本文中可与它们的各种组件的替代物一起被指代。将理解,这种实施例、示例和替代物不被解释为彼此的实际上的等同物,而是被考虑成本发明的分开且自治的表示。
另外,所描述的特征、结构或特性可通过任何适当方式在一个或多个实施例中组合。在一些说明书中,提供了许多具体细节(如布局示例、距离、网络示例等)以提供对发明的实施例的完整理解。然而,本领域技术人员将认识到发明可以不用一个或多个具体细节或利用其他方法、组件、布局等等来实施。在其他实例中,已知的结构、素材或操作未被示出或详细描述以免模糊发明的方面。
虽然前述示例在一个或多个特定应用中例示了本发明的原理,但是本领域普通技术人员将明白,可以在不发挥发明能力并且不脱离发明的原理和概念的情况下进行形式、用法和实施细节的很多修改。因此,不打算对发明进行下述权利要求以外的限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种用户设备,用于选择多无线电接入技术异构网络即多RAT HetNet中的节点,所述用户设备具有计算机电路,所述计算机电路被配置成:
接收来自所述多RAT HetNet中的多个节点的节点选择定价信息;
使用所述节点选择定价信息来为所述多RAT HetNet中的多个节点确定有效的归一化速率;
选择所述多RAT HetNet中要与之通信的节点,以基于所述有效的归一化速率使被选偏好最大化,
其中所述被选偏好是由Ueff=f(uuser,uoperator,Network Price)表示的有效效用,其中Ueff是所述有效效用,uuser是对用户的效用,uoperator是对运营商的效用,并且Network Price是所述节点选择定价信息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用户设备,其中,所述被选偏好是以下一项:有效数据速率、延迟、功率水平、吞吐量、服务质量、功率效率、所述用户设备与所述多RAT HetNet中的被选节点通信的数据传输速率。
3.一种用于用户设备UE选择多无线电接入技术异构网络即多RAT HetNet中的HetNet节点的方法,所述方法包括:
接收来自所述多RAT HetNet中的多个节点的节点选择定价信息;
使用所述节点选择定价信息来为所述多个节点确定有效的归一化速率;
使用所述节点选择定价信息选择所述多RAT HetNet中的节点,以相对于所述有效的归一化速率使被选偏好最大化,
其中,所述有效的归一化速率由表示,其中Reff是所述有效的归一化速率,R(SNR)是信噪比的函数,并且Price表示所述节点选择定价信息。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括将所述有效的归一化速率与UE偏好、UE效用或运营商偏好相结合以选择所述多RAT HetNet中的节点。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括通过选择最高的有效归一化数据发送或数据接收速率来使所述被选偏好最大化。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括启动节点与所述多RAT HetNet中的被选节点的关联。
7.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括从所述多RAT HetNet中的单一无线电接入技术RAT接收所述节点选择定价信息。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,来自所述多RAT HetNet中的单一RAT的节点选择定价信息是使用节点范围扩展方案确定的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述有效的归一化速率由R(SNRoriginal)=PowerOffsetdB Price/(1-Price)表示,其中R(SNRoriginal)是所述有效的归一化速率,PowerOffsetdB表示以分贝为单位的功率偏移值,并且Price是所述节点选择定价信息。
10.根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括通过以下操作形成所述UE与所述多RAT HetNet中的多个节点之间的连接:
通过对与每个节点相关联的归一化有效速率进行等级排序来确定用于关联的最优节点;以及
基于所述等级排序形成与所述多个节点的连接。
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