CN104921230A - 一种紫甘薯乳饮及其加工工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
发明一种紫甘薯乳饮及其加工工艺,属于保健食品技术领域。特点是采用天然食材,不添加人工合成香精、人工合成色素、人工合成防腐剂。该产品以新鲜紫甘薯为主要原料,经蒸煮糊化、高压均质、调配、杀菌、包装而成紫甘薯保健乳饮品。原料处理采用先蒸煮后破碎,以水隔氧,避免紫甘薯花色苷的酶促氧化褐变;加工方法采用高压均质,避免产品分层沉淀提高产品稳定性;另外,引入辅料奶粉,使紫甘薯饮品的质构、口感、风味和营养价值得以明显改善和提高。所得紫甘薯乳饮色泽鲜艳诱人、组织结构细腻滑润、紫甘薯牛乳风味相得益章,糖的含量低于传统饮料,热量低且保健价值高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种紫甘薯乳饮的加工方法,属于保健食品技术领域,也属于农产品精深加工技术领域。
背景技术
紫甘薯(Purple Sweet Potato)又名黑薯、紫薯、紫心红薯等,属一年生旋花科草本植物,薯肉颜色呈紫色至深紫色。紫甘薯中维生素A和维生素C以及膳食纤维的含量丰富。其中维生素A能够改善人体视力,维生素C可促进胶元蛋白正常合成,防治坏血病的发生,紫甘薯中的膳食纤维多为可溶性膳食纤维,具有质感好,口感细腻等特点,研究发现,膳食纤维对糖尿病、心脏病、高胆固醇症和肥胖病等多种疾病种疾病都有预防和治疗作用。此外,紫甘薯还是一种药食兼用的理想食物来源,有研究表明,从紫甘薯中提取的花青素清除自由基的能力要高于维生素C和维生素E,可视为一种纯天然的人体自由基清除剂,经常食用富含花青素的紫甘薯食品可以延缓人体衰老。另有研究发现,花青素还可以通过多种途径诱导多种肿瘤细胞的凋亡。紫甘薯中还含有一定量的蛋白质及氨基酸,而蛋白质中有一种多被称作黏蛋白的物质可明显减轻疲劳,提高人体免疫力。综上所述,紫甘薯不仅营养丰富,而且具有特殊的保健功效。
近些年随着来国民生活水平的不断提高,人们的饮食习惯逐渐趋于高能量、高热量化,随之而来与饮食相关的“富贵病”如:高血压、高血脂、糖尿病等疾病也越来越常见。而紫甘薯低热量,高营养的食用价值符合现代人们对低热量、低脂肪、高蛋白的健康饮食追求。因此,来源于天然植物资源的紫甘薯功能性食品及其副产品的研究开发具有广阔的前景。
关于紫甘薯在饮料方面的研究开发目前国内尚少见,且由于紫甘薯饮料淀粉含量较大,稳定性不易控制,易产生在货架期内产品出现分层、凝块、析水等现象。本发明以紫甘薯为主要原料,通过添加一定量的脱脂乳粉增加了紫甘薯饮料的营养价值,通过选择适宜的糖酸比、优化胶体磨及高压均质的制备条件,确保紫甘薯饮料拥有较好的酸甜风味和稳定性,开发出一种风味、营养价值及稳定性能俱佳的功能性保健饮料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是降低花色苷在加工过程中的损失、提高紫甘薯浊汁饮料的稳定性、提高紫甘薯乳饮的营养价值、优化紫甘薯乳饮的风味,提供一种紫甘薯含乳饮品的快速加工方法。本方法色素保存率高、工艺简单、生产效率高。
本发明的核心工艺设计在于:
(1)以新鲜紫甘薯为原料,原料不经过去皮破碎打浆,直接蒸煮,以水隔氧,不仅使紫甘薯中催化色素褐变反应的PPO酶失去活性,而且减少花色苷与氧气接触的几率,抑制花色苷的酶促褐变,提高了花色苷的保存率;
(2)蒸制后的原料打浆方式采用胶体磨,胶体磨处理过程与常规刀片式打浆机原理相比较,优势在于前者能够大幅度减少卷入物料的空气量,避免紫甘薯花色苷的氧化损失;
(3)打浆用水采用酸化水,柠檬酸的存在不仅可以降低物料的pH值,同时也有利于降低紫甘薯花色苷的热降解活化能,提高产品加工过程中色素的稳定性;
(4)避免高温长时间操作引起花色苷的热降解反应,产品的淀粉糊化阶段温度控制80℃,杀菌采用高温瞬时灭菌,通过缩短热作用时间达到提高花色苷保存率的目的;
(5)采用均质技术提高产品的稳定系数,减少粒子的直径、减小粒子和分散介质的密度差,增加分散介质的粘度系数,解决紫甘薯产品在货架期出现分层、析水、沉淀等现象。
(6)采用感官评价方法优化紫甘薯含乳饮品配方,最后得到的无糖型最优配方为:脱脂乳粉2.0%、果脯糖浆8.0%、柠檬酸添加量0.2%、pH值4.7、其蛋白质含量大于1.0%。按此配方调配而成的紫甘薯含乳饮品,可以补充人体对膳食纤维、蛋白质、花色苷类化合物等物质的需要,产品色泽鲜艳诱人、组织结构细腻滑润、紫甘薯牛乳风味相得益章,糖的含量低于传统饮料,热量低且保健价值高。
本发明的创新之处在于,一是整套工艺过程采用整薯蒸煮,低温糊化、柠檬酸水溶液打浆,从酶活、氧气、pH三方面角度,抑制紫甘薯天然色素的氧化褐变,保持产品的抗氧化功能活性;三是甘薯原料中添加脱脂乳粉,提高产品的蛋白含量,达到提高产品营养价值和风味的目的。
具体实施方式
以下具体步骤,对紫甘薯含乳饮品的加工工艺作做进一步说明:
(1)紫甘薯挑选:挑选新鲜良好,薯肉颜色均一,花色苷含量>120mg/100gmf、无霉变、无异味、无机械破损的优质紫甘薯。破损或霉变的紫甘薯常携带有大量的杂菌,容易给产品带来杂味和异味。
(2)原料的清洗、蒸制:用流动的清水反复冲洗紫甘薯,以洗尽紫甘薯表面的泥沙和污垢,切去两端残留根纤维,置于蒸煮栏内,蒸煮20~25min,达到灭酶活目的。
(3)打浆:蒸制后的紫甘薯,加入等量的0.2%柠檬酸水溶液来提高色素的稳定性,冷却至约35~40℃,然后置于打浆机中,打浆成细腻均匀的糊状紫甘薯浆。
(4)糊化:由于紫甘薯中淀粉含量很高,不经处理的生淀粉在水溶液中性状很不稳定,极易出现产品在货架期内性状的改变,为避免其性状发生改变应使紫甘薯浆液充分地糊化。加热至80℃,保持20min,以达到糊化要求,注意边加热边搅拌,避免沉淀糊底,糊化结束后用纯水补足糊化过程中损失水分。
准确称取6份30g黑豆于500mL的烧杯中,编号依次为1、2、3、4、5、6,各加入300mL去离子水,同时加入0.1%的NaHCO3,置于60℃恒温水浴锅内,分别浸泡2h、4h、6h、8h、10h、12h,用去离子水将浸泡液补足至330g(使得黑豆与水的比例为1∶10)。磨浆,然后分别计算出浆率。
(5)调配:将糊化后的紫甘薯浆液分别加入脱脂奶粉2.0%、果葡糖浆8%、CMC-Na 0.05%、柠檬酸进行调配,最终产品的pH值为4.7。
(6)胶体磨、均质:为防止饮料中大分子粒子沉提高饮料的稳定性,可以通过减少粒子的直径从而降低粒子和分散介质的密度差,将经调配的紫甘薯乳饮料,先经胶体磨进行三次胶磨以减小饮料中颗粒的尺寸,再使用高压均质机均质进一步分散、乳化饮料中淀粉、蛋白质等大颗粒,均质条件为30MPa,3次。
(7)脱气:饮料经均质后卷入大量空气不但会改变紫甘薯乳饮料的色泽而且会促进饮料中色素加速分解,从而影响紫甘薯乳饮料的整体品质,因此,产品均质过后必须进行脱气,将饮料倒入真空脱气罐中脱气5分钟,真空度0.09Mpa。
(8)灌装、杀菌、冷却:脱气后的饮料经121℃高温瞬时杀菌1min,进行称重灌装,冷却后即为成品。
Claims (2)
1.一种紫甘薯乳饮及其加工工艺,其特征在于
采用天然食材,不添加人工合成香精、人工合成色素、人工合成防腐剂,是以新鲜紫甘薯为主要原料,经蒸煮糊化、高压均质、调配、杀菌、包装而成紫甘薯保健乳饮品。原料处理采用先蒸煮后破碎,以水隔氧,避免紫甘薯花色苷的酶促氧化褐变;加工方法采用高压均质,避免产品分层沉淀提高产品稳定性;另外,引入辅料奶粉,使紫甘薯饮品的质构、口感、风味和营养价值得以明显改善和提高。所得紫甘薯含乳乳饮品色泽鲜艳诱人、组织结构细腻滑润、紫甘薯牛乳风味相得益章,糖的含量低于传统饮料,热量低且保健价值高。
2.如权利要求1所述,具体生产过程中步骤:
(1)紫甘薯挑选:挑选新鲜良好,薯肉颜色均一,花色苷含量>120mg/100g鲜薯、无霉变、无异味、无机械破损的优质紫甘薯。
(2)原料的清洗、蒸制:用流动的清水反复冲洗紫甘薯,以洗尽紫甘薯表面的泥沙和污垢,切去两端残留根纤维,置于蒸煮栏内,蒸煮20~25min,达到灭酶活目的。
(3)打浆:蒸制后的紫甘薯,加入等量的0.2%柠檬酸水溶液来提高色素的稳定性,冷却至约35~40℃,然后置于打浆机中,打浆成细腻均匀的糊状紫甘薯浆。
(4)糊化:由于紫甘薯中淀粉含量很高,不经处理的生淀粉在水溶液中性状很不稳定,极易出现产品在货架期内性状的改变,为避免其性状发生改变应使紫甘薯浆液充分地糊化,将紫甘薯浆倒入314不锈钢糊化器加热至80℃保持20min,以达到糊化要求,注意用边加热边搅拌,避免糊底,糊化结束后补足糊化过程中损失水分。
(5)调配:将糊化后的紫甘薯浆液分别加入脱脂奶粉2.0%、果葡糖浆8%、CMC-Na0.05%、柠檬酸进行调配,最终产品的pH值为4.7。
(6)胶体磨、均质:为防止饮料中大分子粒子沉提高饮料的稳定性,可以通过减少粒子的直径从而降低粒子和分散介质的密度差,将经调配的紫甘薯乳饮料,先经胶体磨进行三次胶磨以减小饮料中颗粒的尺寸,再使用高压均质机均质进一步分散、乳化饮料中淀粉、蛋白质等大颗粒,均质条件为30MPa,3次。
(7)脱气:饮料经均质后卷入大量空气不但会改变紫甘薯乳饮料的色泽而且会促进饮料中色素加速分解,从而影响紫甘薯乳饮料的整体品质,因此,产品均质过后必须进行脱气,将饮料倒入真空脱气罐中脱气5分钟,真空度0.09Mpa。
(8)灌装、杀菌、冷却:脱气后的饮料经121℃高温瞬时杀菌1min,进行称重灌装,冷却后即为成品。
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CN106262902A (zh) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-04 | 徐州工程学院 | 一种紫甘薯能量饮料及其制备方法 |
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