CN104910342B - 一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104910342B
CN104910342B CN201510387165.3A CN201510387165A CN104910342B CN 104910342 B CN104910342 B CN 104910342B CN 201510387165 A CN201510387165 A CN 201510387165A CN 104910342 B CN104910342 B CN 104910342B
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陈大俊
吴键儒
万婷
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:第一步:在聚醚二元醇或/和聚酯二元醇中加入二异氰酸酯和扩链剂,在70‑80℃,搅拌反应1‑4小时,降温至30‑40℃,加入中和剂进行中和,用丙酮调节粘度,得到预聚物;第二步:向预聚物中加入蒸馏水,搅拌乳化分散,加入磺酸型扩链剂,搅拌反应0.5‑4小时,减压蒸馏,脱去丙酮,即得到水性聚氨酯。本发明制得的新型水性聚氨酯强度高,乳液分散稳定性好,操作工艺简单,对环境友好,并且易于规模化生产。

Description

一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法,属于化学合成技术领域。
背景技术
自20世纪90年代工业化以来,水性聚氨酯以其优良的性能在轻纺、皮革加工行业应用广泛。随着人们环保意识以及环保法规的加强,环境友好的水性聚氨酯的研究、开发日益受到重视,正在逐步占领溶剂型聚氨酯的市场,代表着涂料、黏合剂的发展方向。
目前,工业上制备羧酸盐型水性聚氨酯,最常用的是阴离子型扩链剂2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)。下式是DMPA的分子结构式:
但DMPA熔点高(160-175℃),很难加热溶解,这就需加入助溶剂,如N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。([1]Zhang GX,Zou MX,Wang SJ,Zhang ZC.Radiationinduced dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate using waterbornepolyurethane as stabilizer.Polym Int2006;55(9):1099-103.[2]Lee H-T,H wang J-J,Liu H-J.Effects of ionic interactions between clay and waterbornepolyurethanes on the structure and physical properties of their nanocompositedispersions.J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2006;44(19):5801-7.[3]Yen M-S,KuoS-C.PCL-PEG-PCL triblock ester-ether copolydiol-based waterbornepolyurethane.II.Effect of NCO/OH mole ratio and DMPA content on the physicalproperties.J Appl Polym Sci 1998;67(7):130-11)。由于NMP、DMF的沸点高,制备的水性聚氨酯很难除去,给生产过程带来安全隐患.[4]许戈文.水性聚氨酯材料[M].北京:化学化工出版社,2006。
为此,申请人利用开环加成原理:在一定条件下,活泼基团(-OH或-NH2)引发环状活泼单体开环反应。以2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为起始剂,引发环状活泼单体开环反应。将活泼单体:CL(己内酯),EO(环氧乙烷),PO(环氧丙烷),THF(四氢呋喃)与DMPA(DMBA)的活泼基团(-OH)发生开环反应,从而改变DMPA的结晶形态,使其易溶于聚醚或聚酯多元醇体系,从而提升产品的环保性能和生产工艺的安全性。该技术已获国家发明专利(CN103214668B:一种用于水性聚氨酯的新型扩链剂的制备方法)。但用其制备的水性聚氨酯的力学强度相比于由DMPA制备的水性聚氨酯明显偏低。
与羧酸盐型水性聚氨酯相比,磺酸型水性聚氨酯由于磺酸基团为强酸强碱盐,离子化强度高,可以制得的水性聚氨酯固含量比较高,并且贮存稳定,并且磺酸型水性聚氨酯具备更高的强度、且耐水性和耐热性更好。([4]Yen Meng shung,Tsai Ping yuan.Effectsof soft segments on the surface properties of polydimethylsiloxane waterbornepolyurethane prepolymer blends and treated nylon fabrics[J].Journal ofApplied Polymer Science,2010,115(6):3550-3558.[5]李伟.高固含量水性聚氨酯的合成与性能研究[D].太原:中北大学,2012.1-9.[3]Vilas D Athawale,Drmakant VNimbalkar.Emulsifyable air drying urethane alkyds[J].Progress in OrganicCoatings,2010,67(1):66-71.)。但是磺酸型扩链剂目前在工业中使用不多。主要因为磺酸型扩链剂中所含的水分会导致水性聚氨酯制备过程的不易控制。([6]美国专利US-5432228.[5]陈军,磺酸基/羧基复合型水性聚氨酯研究进展,热固性树脂[J].2014,29(1):61-65)[7]黄中元,孙东成.基于磺酸盐的水性聚氨酯研究进展[J].中国胶粘剂,2008,17(10):50-54.[8]Yen Meng shung,Tsai Ping yuan.Effects of soft segments on thesurface properties of polydimethylsiloxane waterborne polyurethane prepolymerblends and treated nylon fabrics[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2010,115(6):3550-3558.[9]Vilas hawale,Drmakant Nimbalkar.Emulsify-able air dryingurethane alkyds[J].Progress in Organic Coatings,2010,67(1):66-71.[10]李伟.高固含量水性聚氨酯的合成与性能研究[D].太原:中北大学,2012.1-9)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种固含量高,分散稳定性好,强度高的水性聚氨酯的制备方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
第一步:在聚醚二元醇或/和聚酯二元醇中加入二异氰酸酯和扩链剂,在70-80℃,搅拌反应1-4小时,降温至30-40℃,加入中和剂进行中和,用丙酮调节粘度,得到预聚物;
第二步:向预聚物中加入蒸馏水,搅拌乳化分散,加入磺酸型扩链剂,搅拌反应0.5-4小时,减压蒸馏,脱去丙酮,即得到水性聚氨酯。
优选地,所述的第一步中的扩链剂由公开号为CN103214668B、名称为《一种用于水性聚氨酯的扩链剂的制备方法》所记载的制备方法制备得到。
优选地,所述的第一步中的扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸与己内酯的加成产物或2,2-二羟甲基丁酸与己内酯的加成产物。
优选地,所述的聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯、聚己二酸-1,6-丁二醇酯、聚ε-己内酯和聚碳酸酯二元醇中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的聚醚二元醇是聚四氢呋喃醚和聚丙二醇中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的二异氰酸酯为脂肪族的二异氰酸酯、脂环族的二异氰酸酯和芳香族的二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
更优选地,所述的脂肪族的二异氰酸酯为ONC-(CH2)4-NCO、ONC-(CH2)6-NCO、ONC-(CH2)8-NCO、ONC-(CH2)12-NCO、1,5-二异氰酸-2-甲基戊烷中的一种或几种的组合。
更优选地,所述的脂环族的二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)。
更优选地,所述的芳香族的二异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的磺酸型亲水扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠,乙二胺双-2-羟基丙磺酸钠,1,2-二羟基丙磺酸钠和1,4-丁二醇二甲烷磺酸盐中的至少一种。
优选地,所述的中和剂为三乙胺。
优选地,所述的聚醚二元醇和聚酯二元醇的数均分子量的范围皆为400-10000。
本发明涉及一种新型水性聚氨酯的制备方法,该方法是以二异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇或(和)聚酯二元醇、新型扩链剂和磺酸型扩链剂等为原料,加热反应后减压蒸馏得到水性聚氨酯。本发明利用公开号为CN103214668B、名称为《一种用于水性聚氨酯的扩链剂的制备方法》所记载的方法制备的水性聚氨酯扩链剂上的羧酸盐,得到易分散水性聚氨酯预聚体,然后用磺酸盐扩链剂扩链,制备新型水性聚氨酯,实现优势互补,制备出固含量高,分散稳定性好,强度高的水性聚氨酯,从而提高水性聚氨酯的性能和扩大其应用领域。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明生产的水性聚氨酯过程不含有毒助溶剂(N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺等),对环境友好。
(2)工艺简单,易于规模化生产。
(3)水性聚氨酯乳液分散稳定性好,固含量高,且膜强度高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
本发明中,所用的英文缩写的含义如下:
PCL是指:聚己内酯二醇;
TEA是指:三乙胺;
PBA是指:聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯;
PTMEG是指:聚四氢呋喃二醇;
IPDI是指:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,化学名3-异氰酸酯基亚甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯;
HDI是指:六亚甲基二异氰酸酯;
TDI是指:甲苯二异氰酸酯;
MDI是指:二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;
新型扩链剂:液化DMPA(LDMPA)是2,2-二羟甲基丙酸与己内酯的加成产物;液化DMBA(LDMBA)是2,2-二羟甲基丁酸与己内酯的加成产物,由公开号为CN103214668B、名称为《一种用于水性聚氨酯的扩链剂的制备方法》所记载的制备方法制备得到。
EDHPS是指:乙二胺双-2-羟基丙磺酸钠;
DHPA是指:1,2-二羟基丙磺酸钠。
AAS-Na是指:乙二胺基乙磺酸钠。
实施例1
一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法,具体步骤为:
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PCL(数均分子量3000)1Kg,再加入HDI 0.2Kg和LDMPA 0.1Kg(羟值550KOH mg/g、酸值355KOHmg/g),搅拌均匀后,缓慢升温,80℃下搅拌反应2h。然后降温35℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,得到预聚物;然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入11g EDHPS的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度50Mpa,断裂伸长率500%。
实施例2
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PTMEG(数均分子量2000)1.1Kg,再加入IPDI 0.2Kg和LDMPA0.1Kg(羟值550KOH mg/g、酸值355KOHmg/g),搅拌均匀后,缓慢升温,80℃下搅拌反应2h。然后降温35℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,得到预聚物;然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入11g AAS-Na的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度55Mpa,断裂伸长率530%。
实施例3
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PTMEG(数均分子量2000)1.1Kg,再加入IPDI0.2Kg和LDMBA0.1Kg(羟值500KOH mg/g、酸值345KOHmg/g),搅拌均匀后,缓慢升温,80℃下搅拌反应2h。然后降温35℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,得到预聚物;然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入11g DHPA的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度55Mpa,断裂伸长率530%。
实施例4
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PBA(数均分子量1000)1.3Kg,再加入IPDI0.2Kg和LDMBA0.1Kg(羟值500KOH mg/g、酸值345KOHmg/g),搅拌均匀后,缓慢升温,80℃下搅拌反应2h。然后降温45℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,得到预聚物,然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入11g DHPA的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度47Mpa,断裂伸长率600%。
实施例5
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PTMEG(数均分子量500)1.3Kg,再加入TDI0.21Kg和LDMBA0.1Kg(羟值600KOH mg/g、酸值245KOHmg/g),搅拌均匀后,缓慢升温,80℃下搅拌反应2h。然后降温45℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,得到预聚物,然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入11g DHPA的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度45Mpa,断裂伸长率580%。
实施例6
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PTMEG(数均分子量8000)1.3Kg,再加入MDI0.21Kg和LDMPA0.1Kg(羟值600KOH mg/g、酸值245KOHmg/g),搅拌均匀后,缓慢升温,80℃下搅拌反应2h。然后降温45℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,得到预聚物,然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入11g DHPA的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度47Mpa,断裂伸长率550%。
实施例7
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PBA(数均分子量3000)1.3Kg,再加入HDI0.1Kg,IPDI0.1Kg和LDMBA0.1Kg(羟值500KOH mg/g、酸值345KOHmg/g),搅拌均匀后,缓慢升温,80℃下搅拌反应2h。然后降温45℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,得到预聚物,然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入12g DHPA的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度55Mpa,断裂伸长率580%。
对比例1
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PCL(数均分子量3000)1Kg,再加入HDI0.2Kg和LDMPA0.1Kg(羟值550KOH mg/g、酸值355KOHmg/g),80℃下反应2h。然后降温35℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入11g乙二胺的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度25Mpa,断裂伸长率550%。
对比例2
在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中,加入PTMEG(数均分子量2000)1.1Kg,再加入IPDI0.2Kg和LDMPA0.1Kg(羟值550KOH mg/g、酸值355KOHmg/g),80℃下反应2h。然后降温35℃下,加入20gTEA,30℃下中和,并加入丙酮调节粘度,搅拌0.5h,然后缓慢加入1.3Kg蒸馏水到体系中,强力搅拌乳化分散。然后加入11g乙二胺的水溶液,继续搅拌反应1h,最后,减压蒸馏脱去低沸点溶剂丙酮,得到固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯。
水性聚氨酯薄膜的力学性能:拉伸断裂强度20Mpa,断裂伸长率630%。

Claims (4)

1.一种水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:第一步:在装有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器的反应设备中加入聚醚二元醇或/和聚酯二元醇,聚醚二元醇和聚酯二元醇的数均分子量的范围皆为400-10000,加入二异氰酸酯和扩链剂,所述的扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸与己内酯的加成产物或2,2-二羟甲基丁酸与己内酯的加成产物;在70-80℃,搅拌反应1-4小时,降温至30-40℃,加入中和剂进行中和,用丙酮调节粘度,得到预聚物;第二步:向预聚物中加入蒸馏水,搅拌乳化分散,加入磺酸型亲水扩链剂,所述的磺酸型亲水扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠,乙二胺双-2-羟基丙磺酸钠,1,2-二羟基丙磺酸钠和1,4-丁二醇二甲烷磺酸盐中的至少一种;搅拌反应0.5-4小时,减压蒸馏,脱去丙酮,即得到水性聚氨酯。
2.如权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯、聚己二酸-1,6-丁二醇酯、聚ε-己内酯和聚碳酸酯二元醇中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的聚醚二元醇是聚四氢呋喃醚和聚丙二醇中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的二异氰酸酯为脂肪族的二异氰酸酯、脂环族的二异氰酸酯和芳香族的二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
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