CN104907728B - 环保型药皮铜钎料 - Google Patents

环保型药皮铜钎料 Download PDF

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CN104907728B
CN104907728B CN201510269716.6A CN201510269716A CN104907728B CN 104907728 B CN104907728 B CN 104907728B CN 201510269716 A CN201510269716 A CN 201510269716A CN 104907728 B CN104907728 B CN 104907728B
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copper
solder
coating
copper solder
brazing flux
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CN104907728A (zh
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龙伟民
吕登峰
朱坤
黄俊兰
宋友宝
李秀朋
王星星
潘世师
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Ningbo Academy of Intelligent Machine Tool Co Ltd of China Academy of Machinery
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Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/302Cu as the principal constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0227Rods, wires
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3603Halide salts
    • B23K35/3605Fluorides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3606Borates or B-oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/365Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B23K35/404Coated rods; Coated electrodes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保型药皮铜钎料,包括铜钎料内芯和粘附其外的铜钎剂药皮,铜钎剂药皮的原料包括无机氟化物、氟硼酸钾、硼酐、硼酸、硼酸盐、氟铝酸盐、单质硼中的至少一种;将铜钎剂原料、聚乙烯醇、甲基纤维素和水按照一定的比例配制成钎剂液后,直接涂覆在所述铜钎料内芯的表面,干燥后即可得到药皮铜钎料。本发明的优点在于生产工艺简单、生产成本低、成品钎料环保无污染、使用方便,药皮粘结强度高等优点,实现了钎剂方便、快捷、定量、高效的预加入,有效降低了焊剂的使用量;由于不含有机粘结剂,符合ROHS标准,钎焊燃烧时大大减轻了对环境的污染,进而保护了操作员工的身体健康,并大大减轻了钎焊过程的劳动强度。

Description

环保型药皮铜钎料
技术领域
本发明涉及带有药皮的铜钎料,尤其是涉及一种环保型药皮铜钎料。
背景技术
传统的钎焊工艺是采用丝或条状铜钎料手工火焰钎焊的方式,火焰钎焊温度高、加热快,但容易出现加热不均匀、过烧等问题,并且钎焊铜等导热快的金属时加热时间较长。钎焊时用丝或条状铜钎料粘钎剂使用或加热前预先将钎剂涂覆在工件上,钎料用量无法保证,容易出现焊漏、焊堵等问题,随之而来的返工、返修甚至报废均会造成铜钎料和原材料的浪费,增加制造成本。此外,钎料粘钎剂或预先涂覆钎剂的过程增加了一次焊前操作,增加了工序和操作时间,并在钎焊工艺中增加一个变量,从而影响焊接的一致性和质量的稳定性。此种钎焊工艺复杂、生产效率低、不易准确控制钎剂的用量,经常出现钎剂添加过多或不均匀现象,造成钎剂浪费,钎剂残渣还较难清洗,易腐蚀接头。
针对上述问题,国内也有一些相关的报道,如中国专利CN202804495 U就公开了“一种涂有药皮的钎料”,是将药皮压涂到钎料棒上,但此种方法只能生产药皮较厚的钎料棒,不能用于生产非条或棒状的药皮钎料;中国专利CN101190479 A也公开了一种“带有焊剂药皮层的紫铜钨极氩弧焊用焊丝”,是采用丙烯酸树脂粘接剂粘结焊剂,然后将焊剂压涂到焊丝上;署名文章“药皮黄铜钎料的研制”也介绍了丝状黄铜钎料表面压涂一层药皮,药皮是通过有机胶粘剂将焊剂粘结在一起。由于上述方法均是通过有机粘接剂将焊剂压涂到焊丝上,焊接时的燃烧不仅污染环境,还损害操作员的身体健康,非常不环保。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种不用粘结剂的环保型药皮铜钎料。
为实现上述目的,本发明可采取下述技术方案:
本发明所述的环保型药皮铜钎料,包括铜钎料内芯和粘附其外的铜钎剂药皮,所述铜钎剂药皮的原料包括无机氟化物、氟硼酸钾、硼酐、硼酸、硼酸盐、氟铝酸盐、单质硼中的至少一种;将所述铜钎剂原料、聚乙烯醇、甲基纤维素和水按照50%~80% : 0%~20%: 0%~20%: 20%~50%之比例配制成钎剂液后,直接涂覆在所述铜钎料内芯的表面,干燥后即可得到药皮铜钎料。
当钎焊含铝、锰、硅等元素的铜合金时,由于合金表面的氧化铝、氧化锰等难以去除,所述铜钎剂原料中可根据被焊母材添加去除铝、锰、硅等元素氧化物的钎剂组分:如钎焊含铝元素的铜合金时,所述铜钎剂药皮的原料中可加入5%~20%的硅氟酸钠或氟铝酸钾;钎焊含锰、硅等元素的铜合金时,所述铜钎剂药皮的原料中可加入5%~20%的硼酸锂。
所述铜钎料内芯各组分的重量百分比为:铜Cu 40.0~70.0%,锌Zn 30.0~60.0%,锡Sn 0~5.0%,镉Cd 0~5.0%,镍Ni 0~5.0%,锰Mn 0~8.0%,硅Si 0~6.0%,银Ag 0%~2.0%,微量元素 0~1.0%;所述微量元素取自Pd、Ga、In、Zr、Sb、Li、Re中的至少一种。
所述铜钎料内芯各组分的重量百分比为:铜Cu 70.0%~96.0%,银Ag 0%~26.0%,磷P 3.0%~8.2%,锡Sn 0%~10.0%,镍Ni 0%~9.0%,微量元素 0~1.0%;所述微量元素取自Pd、Ga、In、Zr、Sb、Li、Re中的至少一种。
所述药皮占药皮铜钎料总重量的0.5%~15.0%,所述药皮的厚度为0.06mm~0.65mm。
所述铜钎料内芯的横断面为圆形、扁圆形、多边形、椭圆形或L形、T形、十字形结构;所述铜钎料内芯的外表面为粗糙面,可通过喷砂、机械摩擦或直接滚压成凹槽等方法处理。
所述铜钎料内芯为长度100~1000 mm的条形体,或是具有中空结构的单圈环状体,或是沿轴向绕制的至少两圈的螺旋环形体,相邻环圈之间的间距≤1.0mm
本发明的优点在于生产工艺简单、生产成本低、成品钎料环保无污染、使用方便,药皮粘结强度高等优点,实现了钎剂方便、快捷、定量、高效的预加入,有效降低了焊剂的使用量;钎剂原料仅添加水即可直接涂覆在细长的钎料内芯表面形成药皮(当钎剂原料加水形成钎剂的饱和溶液或过饱和溶液时,钎剂溶液会发生结晶,相邻晶核联接在一起,晶体交互生长,最后形成具有一定强度和硬度的药皮),由于不含任何有机物,钎焊时药皮与钎料能更好的融合,特别适用于机械、空调及制冷等多个行业的铜薄壁管路的钎焊。配合感应或炉中加热,可实现定量供给钎料,以及高效自动化生产,得到的接头质量统一;通过与火焰钎焊工艺采用的钎料粘钎剂或预涂钎剂的方法进行对比,采用本发明生产的环保型药皮铜钎料,降低了焊接缺陷的发生率,提高了产品质量。本发明的环保型药皮铜钎料,由于不含有机粘结剂,符合ROHS标准,钎焊燃烧时大大减轻了对环境的污染,进而保护了操作员工的身体健康,并大大减轻了钎焊过程的劳动强度。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
本发明所述的环保型药皮黄铜钎料,其制备方法为:
a)将铜、锌、锡、硅、锰按比例配好并进行熔炼,浇铸成Φ50 mm的棒状BCu59.5Zn39Sn1Si0.3Mn0.2钎料合金铸锭,切去冒口然后将铸锭车削去除氧化皮待用;
b)将钎料挤压设备升温至750 ℃,将车好的铸锭置于马弗炉内预热,预热温度为600 ℃,将预热好的铸锭放入挤压设备的模筒内,挤压成Φ1.7 mm的钎料丝,并拉拔成Φ0.7 mm的铜钎料细丝;
c)将拉拔好的铜钎料细丝清洗后放入制环设备的料盘内,绕制成中径Φ4.0 mm、节距(相邻两圈对应点在中径上的轴向距离)0.7 mm的三圈环状黄铜钎料芯;
d)将含有15%硼砂、5%氟化钙、80%硼酸的银钎剂置于容器内并加入2%聚乙烯醇和30%水制成有粘度的饱和钎剂液,然后将其涂覆到环状黄铜钎料芯的外部;干燥后即可得到成品药皮黄铜钎料。
制得的药皮铜钎料环可用于钎焊普通钢-钢接头。
实施例2
本发明所述的环保型药皮黄铜钎料,其制备方法为:
a)将Cu、Cu-P中间合金、Sn、Cu-Si中间合金、Zr和稀土按比例配好并进行熔炼,浇铸成Φ50 mm的棒状BCu90P7Sn2.5ZrSi钎料合金铸锭(合金成分为:6.8%~7.2%的P,0.4%~3%的Sn,0.02%~0.5%的Zr,0.01%~0.4%的Si,0.01%~0.025%的稀土,其余为Cu),切去冒口然后将铸锭车削去除氧化皮,待用;
b)将钎料挤压设备升温至460 ℃,将车削去除氧化皮后的铸锭置于马弗炉内预热,预热温度为470 ℃,将预热好的铸锭放入挤压设备的模筒内,挤压成Φ1.1 mm的钎料丝,并拉拔至Φ0.8 mm铜磷锡钎料丝;
c)将拉拔好的铜磷锡钎料丝用稀酸清洗,并钝化处理,清洗后放入制环设备的料盘内,绕制成具有中空结构、中径为Φ6.0 mm、节距(相邻两圈对应点在中径上的轴向距离)为1.1 mm的四圈环状铜磷锡钎料芯;
d)将含40%氟化钾、25%氟硼酸钾、35%硼酐的钎剂置于容器内并加入3%甲基纤维素和40%,制成钎剂钎剂饱和溶液,然后将其涂覆到环状铜磷锡钎料芯的外部,干燥后即可得到成品铜磷锡药皮钎料环。
制得的药皮铜钎料环可用于钎焊紫铜、黄铜合金接头。
实施例3
本发明所述的环保型药皮黄铜钎料,其制备方法为:
a)将Cu、Cu-P中间合金和稀土按比例配好并进行熔炼,浇铸成Φ50 mm的棒状BCu93P7钎料合金铸锭,切去冒口然后将铸锭车削去除氧化皮待用;
b)将钎料挤压设备升温至450 ℃,将车削去除氧化皮后的铸锭置于马弗炉内预热,预热温度为460 ℃,将预热好的铸锭放入挤压设备的模筒内,挤压成Φ2.2 mm的钎料丝,并拉拔至Φ2.0 mm钎料丝;
c)将拉拔好的钎料丝经过摩擦毛化处理,然后用稀酸清洗,并钝化处理,清洗后放入校直切断机内,将钎料丝切制成50 mm长的钎料条;
d)将含35%氟化钾、42%氟硼酸钾、23%硼酐的钎剂置于容器内并加入一定量的水,制成钎剂饱和溶液,然后将钎剂液涂覆到条状铜磷钎料芯的外部,干燥后即可得到成品药皮铜磷焊条。
制得的药皮铜磷焊条可用于钎焊含铝元素的铜合金。
实施例4
四圈环状铜磷锡钎料芯的制备方法同实施例2,调整其中的钎剂含量:增加8%的硼酸锂,则由33%氟化钾、23%氟硼酸钾、35%硼酐,9%的硅氟酸钠或氟铝酸钾配制的钎剂加水后形成的钎剂饱和溶液涂覆到环状铜磷锡钎料芯的外部,干燥后得到的成品铜磷锡药皮钎料环可钎焊含锰、硅元素的铜合金。
制得的药皮铜磷焊条可用于钎焊含铝元素的铜合金。
实施例5
四圈环状铜磷锡钎料芯的制备方法同实施例2,调整其中的钎剂含量:增加8%的硼酸锂,则由36%氟化钾、24%氟硼酸钾、32%硼酐,8%的硼酸锂配制的钎剂加水后形成的钎剂饱和溶液涂覆到环状铜磷锡钎料芯的外部,干燥后得到的成品铜磷锡药皮钎料环可钎焊含锰、硅元素的铜合金。
实施例6
如果调整实施例1中黄铜钎料丝的预热温度及成型加热温度并合理调整模具,可制成中径为Φ8.0 mm的单圈环状钎料,增加压平工艺后,可用于铜合金管路钎焊。

Claims (4)

1.一种环保型药皮铜钎料,包括铜钎料内芯和粘附其外的铜钎剂药皮,其特征在于:所述铜钎剂药皮的原料包括无机氟化物、氟硼酸钾、硼酐、硼酸、硼酸盐、氟铝酸盐、单质硼中的至少一种;将所述铜钎剂原料、聚乙烯醇、甲基纤维素和水按照50%~80% : 0%~20%: 0%~20%: 20%~50%之比例配制成钎剂饱和溶液后,直接涂覆在所述铜钎料内芯的表面,干燥后即可得到药皮铜钎料;所述药皮占药皮铜钎料总重量的0.5%~15.0%,所述药皮的厚度为0.06mm~0.65mm;所述铜钎料内芯为具有中空结构的单圈环状体,或是沿轴向绕制的至少两圈的螺旋环形体,相邻环圈之间的间距≤1.0mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型药皮铜钎料,其特征在于:所述铜钎料内芯各组分的重量百分比为:铜Cu 40.0~70.0%,锌Zn 30.0~60.0%,锡Sn 0~5.0%,镉Cd 0~5.0%,镍Ni 0~5.0%,锰Mn 0~8.0%,硅Si 0~6.0%,银Ag 0%~2.0%,微量元素 0~1.0%;所述微量元素取自Pd、Ga、In、Zr、Sb、Li、Re中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型药皮铜钎料,其特征在于:所述铜钎料内芯各组分的重量百分比为:铜Cu 70.0%~96.0%,银Ag 0%~26.0%,磷P 3.0%~8.2%,锡Sn 0%~10.0%,镍Ni 0%~9.0%,微量元素 0~1.0%;所述微量元素取自Pd、Ga、In、Zr、Sb、Li、Re中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型药皮铜钎料,其特征在于:所述铜钎料内芯的横断面为圆形、扁圆形、多边形、椭圆形或L形、T形、十字形结构;所述铜钎料内芯的外表面为粗糙面。
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