CN104400258B - 一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂 - Google Patents

一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂 Download PDF

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CN104400258B
CN104400258B CN201410611123.9A CN201410611123A CN104400258B CN 104400258 B CN104400258 B CN 104400258B CN 201410611123 A CN201410611123 A CN 201410611123A CN 104400258 B CN104400258 B CN 104400258B
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solder
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樊志彬
刘爽
李辛庚
岳增武
王晓明
王学刚
闫风洁
郭凯
曹建梅
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，原料重量百分比如下：ZnCl2 50‑60%、亚锡盐25‑40%、氟化物4‑6%、氯化稀土3‑5%、乙醇3‑5%、余量为水，所述亚锡盐为SnCl2、SnF2 或 SnBr2中的一种；所述的氟化物为NaF、KF、LiF、CuF2或CaF2中的一种；氯化稀土为LaCl3、CeCl2或 PrCl3中的一种。本发明的钎剂可以很好地对热镀锌破坏区域进行修复，涂敷均匀，改善锌基焊料的修复效果，避免漏镀。

Description

一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钎剂，具体是适用于锌基焊料修复热镀锌层的软钎焊钎剂。
背景技术
钎焊是采用比母材熔化温度低的钎料，操作温度采取低于母材固相线而高于钎料液相线的一种焊接技术。根据国家标准将使用钎料液相线温度450℃以上的钎焊称作硬钎焊，钎料液相线温度在450℃以下的称为软钎焊。
GB/T 13912-2002《金属覆盖层钢铁制件热浸镀锌层技术要求及试验方法》中规定，镀锌钢结构在运输、安装以及使用过程中出现磕碰等导致的镀锌层破坏，可以使用锌基焊料修复。在锌基焊料修复过程中，为了不使周围镀锌层遭受高温破坏（400℃以上），锌基焊料熔点要低于400℃。因此，锌基焊料修复热镀锌层属于碳钢的软钎焊。
锌基焊料决定了修复涂层的强度和耐蚀性能，但钎焊过程中熔态钎料与母材的润湿主要取决于钎剂的作用。锌基焊料在空气中极易氧化，与钢基体润湿性很差，必须使用钎剂。由于氧化铁不溶于无腐蚀性钎剂和弱腐蚀性钎剂中，传统碳钢的软钎钎剂为腐蚀性钎剂，即氯化锌和氯化铵的混合液。钎剂残渣具有很强的腐蚀性，钎焊后要求对接头进行严格的清洗：先用稀盐酸（1%HCl）清洗，再用水冲洗掉锌的氯氧化物。
ZnCl2是腐蚀性钎剂的主要成分。氯化锌与水作用形成络合酸，它能溶解金属氧化物，以达到去除氧化膜的目的。但其熔点偏高，添加NH4Cl可降低钎剂熔点，又能减小钎剂与钎料间的界面张力，促进钎料的铺展。但传统钎剂对锌基焊料的钎焊效果并不理想，且在使用过程中会有氨气、氯气释放，对作业人员和环境有害。
发明内容
为解决以上技术上的不足，本发明提供了一种环保且适合锌基焊料对热镀锌层的修复的钎剂，在锌基焊料修复过程中不存在有害气体释放，对环境无污染，安全环保。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，其特征在于，所述的软钎焊钎剂原料重量百分比如下：
ZnCl2 50-60% 、亚锡盐25-40%、氟化物4-6%、氯化稀土3-5%、乙醇3-5%、余量为水，
所述亚锡盐为SnCl2、SnF2 或 SnBr2中的一种；所述的氟化物为NaF、KF、LiF、CuF2或CaF2中的一种；氯化稀土为LaCl3、CeCl2或 PrCl3中的一种。
本发明优选的，所述的亚锡盐为SnCl2。
本发明优选的，所述的氟化物为NaF。
本发明优选的，所述的氯化稀土为CeCl2。
根据本发明优选的，一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，所述的软钎焊钎剂原料重量百分比如下：
ZnCl2 55-60% 、SnCl2 25-36%、NaF 4.5-5.2%、CeCl2 3.5-4%、乙醇3.5-4%、余量为水。
本发明还提供一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂的制备方法，包括步骤如下：
将ZnCl2、亚锡盐、氟化物、氯化稀土一起加入到乙醇中搅拌均匀，然后再加入水搅拌均匀，即得本发明的适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂。
本发明的适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂性能参数见下表1：
表1适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂的性能
性能参数 适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂
润湿率 良好
铺展率 60-68%
焊点外观 平整
是否水溶性 是
对周围镀锌层是否遭到破坏 否
本发明的技术特点及优点：
本发明在软钎焊钎剂中加入适量SnCl2，来降低钎剂的熔点，由于SnCl2的熔点只有40℃左右。锌基焊料中往往掺杂Al等其他合金元素，以降低焊料在空气中的氧化。SnCl2的加入使锡元素与钢基体的铁发生置换反应，在工件表面先析出一层很薄的Sn膜，Sn膜有利于热镀锌层的铺展，可以在其表面上得到完好的锌层修复层，可以避免铝等其他合金元素加入，导致延缓Fe - Zn合金层的形成，而造成漏镀问题。
NaF在助镀剂中的主要作用是剥离钢基表面的氧化皮，并将剥离的氧化皮包围起来，排除到熔剂的表面，同时使钢基表面产生界面活化。
乙醇和氯化稀土的加入不仅能使熔剂涂敷均匀，而且还可以促进熔剂的快速蒸发和有效地抑制熔剂与熔融合金中的反应，从而改善锌基焊料的修复效果。
附图说明
图1为实验例1钎剂修复后热镀锌盐雾试验结果对比图，其中a为以Zn-Sn-Cu为焊料，将软钎焊钎剂和焊料混合涂覆在待修复层（碳钢）上0h的盐雾图；b为将软钎焊钎剂和焊料混合涂覆在待修复层（碳钢）上48h后的盐雾图；c为将软钎焊钎剂和焊料混合涂覆在待修复层（碳钢）上120h后的盐雾图；d为将软钎焊钎剂和焊料混合涂覆在待修复层（碳钢）上240h后的盐雾图。
图2为实验例2钎剂修复后热镀锌盐雾试验结果对比图，其中a为以Zn-Sn-Al为焊料，将软钎焊钎剂和焊料混合涂覆在待修复层（碳钢）上0h的盐雾图；b为将软钎焊钎剂和焊料混合涂覆在待修复层（碳钢）上48h后的盐雾图；c为将软钎焊钎剂和焊料混合涂覆在待修复层（碳钢）上120h后的盐雾图；d为将软钎焊钎剂和焊料混合涂覆在待修复层（碳钢）上240h后的盐雾图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细的描述：
实施例1
一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，软钎焊钎剂原料重量百分比如下：
ZnCl2 55% 、SnCl2 27%、NaF 5%、CeCl2 3%、乙醇5%、余量为水。
制备方法：按照上述质量分数依次称取ZnCl2、SnCl2、NaF、CeCl2，加入烧杯，最后加入乙醇和水，充分搅拌均匀，调制成糊状。
实验例1：
将软钎焊钎剂用于锌基焊料热镀锌层的修复，以Zn-Sn-Cu为焊料，焊料中Zn、Sn、Cu所占的重量百分比分别为50%、48%和2%。
待修复热镀锌试样，经过除锈除油，钢丝刷打磨处理后，预热至350℃处理。把焊料粉末与软钎焊钎剂混合均匀后，涂抹在待修复区域，抹匀，冷却1min后，用冷水冲掉残渣。再使用稀盐酸（1%HCl）清洗残留的钎剂残渣，最后再用水清洗。
实施例2
一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，软钎焊钎剂原料重量百分比如下：
ZnCl2 60% 、SnCl2 25%、NaF 3.5%、CeCl23.5%、乙醇5%、余量为水。
制备方法：按照上述质量分数依次称取ZnCl2、SnCl2、NaF、CeCl2，加入烧杯，最后加入乙醇和水，充分搅拌均匀，调制成糊状。
实验例2：
将软钎焊钎剂用于锌基焊料热镀锌层的修复，以Zn-Sn-Al为焊料，焊料中Zn、Sn、Al所占的重量百分比分别为50%，49%和1%。
待修复热镀锌试样，经过除锈除油，钢丝刷打磨处理后，预热至350℃处理。把焊料粉末与钎剂混合均匀后，涂抹在待修复区域，抹匀，冷却1min后，用冷水冲掉残渣。再使用稀盐酸（1%HCl）清洗残留的钎剂残渣，最后再用水清洗。
实验例1及实验例2钎剂修复后热镀锌盐雾试验结果
将实验例1及实验例2钎剂修复后进行盐雾试验，盐雾试验参数根据GB/T 10125-1997《人造气氛腐蚀试验-盐雾试验》（等同于ISO 9227-2006）执行，沉降量控制在1.4ml/h。
热镀锌试样修复后盐雾试验结果如下图1及图2所示。使用上述方法和钎剂可以很好地对热镀锌破坏区域进行修复。盐雾实验结果显示，修复区域的耐蚀性能也要好于周围完好镀锌层，完全满足修复要求。

Claims (6)

1.一种适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，其特征在于，所述的软钎焊钎剂原料重量百分比如下：
ZnCl2 50-60% 、亚锡盐25-40%、氟化物4-6%、氯化稀土3-5%、乙醇3-5%、余量为水；
所述亚锡盐为SnCl2、SnF2 或 SnBr2中的一种；所述的氟化物为NaF、KF、LiF、CuF2或CaF2中的一种；氯化稀土为LaCl3、CeCl2或 PrCl3中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，其特征在于，所述的亚锡盐为SnCl2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，其特征在于，所述的氟化物为NaF。
4.根据权利要求1所述的适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，其特征在于，所述的氯化稀土为CeCl2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂，其特征在于，所述的软钎焊钎剂原料重量百分比如下：
ZnCl2 55-60% 、SnCl2 25-36%、NaF 4.5-5.2%、CeCl2 3.5-4%、乙醇3.5-4%、余量为水。
6.权利要求1所述的适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂的制备方法，包括步骤如下：
将ZnCl2、亚锡盐、氟化物、氯化稀土一起加入到乙醇中搅拌均匀，然后再加入水搅拌均匀，即得适用于锌基焊料热镀锌层修复的软钎焊钎剂。
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