CN104906337B - A kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and preparation method thereof, Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis processed is concocted into by Radix Glycyrrhizae pear, described compatibility of drugs, make Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae and the pear mutual reinforcement between mutual-assistance, jointly prove effective, improve Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis clearing heat and moistening lung, eliminate the phlegm, cough-relieving effect, have certain antiasthmatic effect simultaneously. Three taste medicines pass through compatibility, after prepared by the present invention, reach to be effectively increased Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis clearing heat and moistening lung, eliminate the phlegm, cough-relieving, while antiasthmatic effect, make again the performance of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis tend to sweet flat, improve the mouthfeel of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, make the crowd of taking be more easy to and take.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, the preparation method simultaneously additionally providing said preparation, belong to food and field of pharmaceutical technology.
Background technology
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis is the dry bulb of liliaceous plant Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis FritillariaussuriensisMaxim.. Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis has another name called level ground shellfish, Bulbus Fritillariae Uninbracteatae, flat shellfish. There are clearing heat and moistening lung, the effect of relieving cough and resolving phlegm, for a kind of conventional Chinese medicine, Fritillaria is belonged to together with Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii, but pharmaceutically there is certain difference, being distributed mainly on the Mountain Areas of Southern, the normal pulse Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, Changbai Mountain of the Northeast, main product Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei etc. are economized.
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis reason act as: 1, experimental animal models is had central inhibitory action by Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis extractum. Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis total alkaloids, pingpeimine A all have and significantly eliminate the phlegm and hypotensive activity. Indometacin type ulcer and stress ulcer are all had certain inhibitory action by pyloric ligation ulcers ulcer, lumbar injection by 2 Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis total alkali 3mg/100g, 1.5mg/100g rat skin lower injections, and these effects are likely to suppress pepsin activity relevant with it.
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis meridian distribution of property and flavor: bitter, sweet, is slightly cold. Return lung, heart channel. Function cures mainly: clearing heat and moistening lung, preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing. For lung-heat type cough, the few expectorant of dry cough, deficiency of YIN chronic cough, sputum with blood. Its effect is close with Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, and medicinal effects is weak compared with Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, and in recent years owing to Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae belongs to wild rare medicinal herbs, resource is exhausted year by year. Because of the existing ripe artificial cultivation technique of its Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, can plant in a large number, for improving the medicinal effects of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, improve Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis effect in lung moistening, relieving cough and asthma by traditional Chinese medicine processing method, reach the effect close with Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. Wild Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is protected to have positive meaning thus improving medical value.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, can strengthen Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis effect in clearing heat and moistening lung, cough-relieving with crossing the present invention, be provided with certain antiasthmatic effect simultaneously.
A kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis of the present invention, it is characterised in that be made up by ratio of weight and the number of copies of following medicine:
Sucus Glycyrrhizae 5��40, snow pear juice 5��80, Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis 5��100.
The preparation method of a kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) make even Bulbus Fritillariae Uninbracteatae raw material, pick decontamination, clean by the method for wash quickly, be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, through dry 1 hour of low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content less than 20%;
2) dry rhizome and the root of choosing glycyrrhizic legume clean, infiltrate, cut into slices, and add 3��6 times of soak by water 2��3 times, each 15��30 minutes, filter, collecting decoction and Sucus Glycyrrhizae;
3) choose the squeezing of fresh pear, filter, add 1��3 times of clear water and obtain snow pear juice;
4) by step 2) and 3) to obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice standby for mix homogeneously;
5) Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis being put into temperature in Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice prepared by step 4) and controls 10��30 DEG C of leaching systems 2��48 hours, period stirred 1 time every 6 hours so that it is is evenly distributed, soaks into Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and fully absorb Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice;
6) Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis after leaching system is dried to water content less than 15%, to obtain final product.
In above-mentioned any technical scheme, Sucus Glycyrrhizae is 5��40 weight portions, it is preferable that 5��30 weight portions, further preferably 5��20 weight portion, more preferably 10��20 weight portion; Snow pear juice is 5��80 weight portions, it is preferable that 5��70 weight portions, further preferably 40��70 weight portion, more preferably 50��70 weight portion; Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis raw material is 5��100 weight portions, it is preferable that 20��100 weight portions, further preferably 30��70 weight portion, more preferably 40��70 weight portion;
The preparation method that the preparation method of the present invention may be used without the conventional formulation of medicine and pharmacology.
[usage and dosage] 3��9g; Levigation is taken after mixing it with water, a 1��2g.
[function cures mainly] clearing heat and moistening lung, reduce phlegm, cough-relieving.
[indication] is for lung-heat type cough, dry cough insufficiency of blood, deficiency of YIN chronic cough, sputum with blood.
[attention] should not with Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti Preparata, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Preparata, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata with should not same with Aconitum medical material use.
The pharmacological effect side of the present invention solves as follows:
Radix Glycyrrhizae, another name: state is old, Herba Hedyotis cantonensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., sweet root. Pulse family, Glycyrrhiza perennial herb, root is sturdy with root stock, is a kind of tonification Chinese herbal medicine. To human body well a kind of medicine, medicinal part is root and rhizome. Sweet in the mouth, flat, GUIXIN, lung, spleen, stomach warp, have invigorating the spleen and replenishing QI, heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, expelling phlegm for arresting cough, the effect of relieving spasm to stop pain. Medicine can relax the property of medicine after Sucus Glycyrrhizae system, reduces toxicity. As Sucus Glycyrrhizae boils Radix Polygalae, Fructus Evodiae.
Pear, pears, also eat also medicine, nature and flavor acid sweet, micro-, cold; Attach to the lung and stomach meridians. Have and moisturize, promote the production of body fluid, heat clearing away, effect of reducing phlegm, it is usually used in hyperactivity of fire caused by deficiency of YIN, dryness-heat impairing the lung, dry cough expectorant sticks, the auxiliary treatment that Tianjin wound is thirsty. Recording according to Compendium of Material Medica, " pears person, also, its property is descending fluently for profit. " there is the effect of lung moistening clearing away dryness, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, nourishing blood and promoting granulation. Therefore the throat patient of pharyngitis, acute tracheitis and upper respiratory tract infection occurred does, itches, bitterly, hoarseness, expectorant are thick etc. all good effect. Pear sweet in the mouth, cold in nature, tool promote the production of body fluid moisturizes, effect of removing heat-phlegm, nourishing blood and promoting granulation, be particularly suitable for eating autumn. Pears can be eaten something rare, and squeezes the juice and drinks, it is also possible to for increasing the processing aids of medicine lung moistening function.
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, performance: bitter, sweet, it is slightly cold. Return lung, heart channel. Clearing heat and moistening lung, reduce phlegm, cough-relieving. For lung-heat type cough, dry cough insufficiency of blood, deficiency of YIN chronic cough, sputum with blood.
The present invention is based on theory of Chinese medical science basis, utilizes said medicine compatibility, makes Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae and the pear mutual reinforcement between mutual-assistance, jointly proves effective, improve Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis clearing heat and moistening lung, eliminate the phlegm, cough-relieving effect, have certain antiasthmatic effect simultaneously. Three taste medicines pass through compatibility, after prepared by the present invention, reach to be effectively increased Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis clearing heat and moistening lung, eliminate the phlegm, cough-relieving, while antiasthmatic effect, make again the performance of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis tend to sweet flat, improve the mouthfeel of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, make the crowd of taking be more easy to and take.
Effectiveness for proving this invention has carried out pharmacological evaluation from pharmacodynamics aspect, is reported as follows:
1, following table is shown in cough-relieving experiment (ammonia draws the method for coughing):
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, liquorice liquid, Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis cough-relieving Benefit Transfer
Note: compare with model control group: * p < 0.05.
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, liquorice liquid, Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis all can reduce mouse cough response rate as seen from the above table, with model control group comparing difference significance (p < 0.05), and Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group antitussive action is better than Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group and liquorice liquid group, and suitable with codeine group.
2, eliminate the phlegm experiment (phenol red method)
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, liquorice liquid, Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis phlegm-dispelling functions compare ()
Compare with model control group: * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01; Compare with Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group: #p < 0.05
As seen from the above table: the OD value of each administration group compares with model control group that there were significant differences (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and illustrative experiment group all has good phlegm-dispelling functions, and the phlegm-dispelling functions of Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group is substantially better than Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group and Radix Glycyrrhizae group.
3, relieving asthma experiment (spraying causes the method for breathing heavily)
Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, liquorice liquid, Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis antiasthmatic effect compare ()
Compare with model group: * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01; Compare with Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group: #p < 0.05
As seen from the above table: Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group and Radix Glycyrrhizae group mice occur Order reaction has prolongation trend an incubation period, but inconspicuous with model control group comparing difference (p > 0.05), Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group then can be obviously prolonged mice Order reaction incubation period (p < 0.05), points out its antiasthmatic effect to be substantially better than Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis group and Radix Glycyrrhizae group.
The cough-relieving of comprehensive above 3 pharmacological action contrast experiments Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis after the present invention concocts, eliminate the phlegm, antiasthmatic effect has the effect being obviously enhanced compared with Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis primary crude drug and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
The positive effect of the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with clinic:
One, diagnostic criteria:
According to " Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine " diagnosis it is: lung-heat type cough, dry cough insufficiency of blood, deficiency of YIN chronic cough, sputum with blood.
Two, inclusive criteria:
The above-mentioned standard of all genus all can include clinic in. Three, using method:
In composition of prescription, compatibility uses or folk prescription use. Four, curative effect judging standard:
All reach to improve patients symptomatic after being treated by Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis processed.
The positive effect of the present invention is in that: the present invention is based on theory of Chinese medical science basis, utilize said medicine compatibility relationship the nourishing the lung to arrest cough of Radix Glycyrrhizae and pear are promoted the production of body fluid moisturize, removing heat-phlegm mutual reinforcement between mutual-assistance effect, jointly prove effective, improving the lung moistening of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, heat clearing away, eliminate the phlegm, cough-relieving effect. Three taste medicines pass through compatibility, after prepared by the present invention, reached to be effectively increased Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis lung moistening, heat clearing away, eliminate the phlegm, while antitussive action, have made again the performance of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis tend to sweet flat, improve the mouthfeel of Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, make the crowd of taking be more easy to and take. Under same dose, it is possible to reach the purpose of potentiation, to protecting and utilizing rare medicine resource to have very big meaning.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments below and case application, be only for clearly demonstrating example of the present invention, and be not limitation of the invention. For those of ordinary skill in the field, other multi-form change or variations can also be made on the basis of the above description. And the apparent change thus amplified out or variation are still among protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
1, take 50g Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis medical material, the removal of impurity, clean by the method for wash quickly, be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 1 hour through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 20%;
2, choose the cleaning of 30g Radix Glycyrrhizae, infiltrate, cut into slices, add 120g soak by water 2 times, each 15 minutes, filter, collecting decoction and Radix Glycyrrhizae;
3, choose the fresh pear of 40g to clean, squeeze, add the filtration of 40g clear water, and obtain snow pear juice;
4, step 2 and 3 mix homogeneously are obtained Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice standby;
5, being placed in step 4) Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice by the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis raw material that step 1 is dry and stir soak system 8 hours constant temperature 25 DEG C, period stirred 1 time every 4 hours so that it is is evenly distributed, soaks into Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and fully absorb Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice;
6, step 5 is processed the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis obtained and be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 3 hours through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 12%, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 2:
1, take 300g Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis medical material, the removal of impurity, clean by the method for wash quickly, be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 1 hour through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 20%;
2, choose the cleaning of 90g Radix Glycyrrhizae, infiltrate, cut into slices, add 200g soak by water 2 times, each 15 minutes, filter, collecting decoction and Radix Glycyrrhizae;
3, choose the fresh pear of 240g to clean, squeeze, add the filtration of 400g clear water, and obtain snow pear juice;
4, step 2 and 3 mix homogeneously are obtained Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice standby;
5, being placed in step 4) Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice by the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis raw material that step 1 is dry and stir soak system 12 hours constant temperature 25 DEG C, period stirred 1 time every 4 hours so that it is is evenly distributed, soaks into Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and fully absorb Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice;
6, step 5 is processed the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis obtained and be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 4 hours through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 15%, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 3:
1, take 100g Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis medical material, the removal of impurity, clean by the method for wash quickly, be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 1 hour through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 20%;
2, choose the cleaning of 50g Radix Glycyrrhizae, infiltrate, cut into slices, add 150g soak by water 2 times, each 15 minutes, filter, collecting decoction and Radix Glycyrrhizae;
3, choose the fresh pear of 50g to clean, squeeze, add the filtration of 100g clear water, and obtain snow pear juice;
4, step 2 and 3 mix homogeneously are obtained Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice standby;
5, being placed in step 4) Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice by the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis raw material that step 1 is dry and stir soak system 8 hours constant temperature 18 DEG C, period stirred 1 time every 4 hours so that it is is evenly distributed, soaks into Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and fully absorb Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice;
6, step 5 is processed the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis obtained and be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 2 hours through low temperature 23 DEG C, be dried to water content 14%, to obtain final product.
The therapeutic effect of medicine of the present invention is further demonstrated that by following model case:
Case 1
Certain man, 17 years old, tcm diagnosis: dry cough, without expectorant, sooner or later increase the weight of, hectic fever, night sweat, rapid pulse is thin; Red tongue with thin fur is white; Tcm diagnosis is deficiency of lung-YIN, lung-heat type cough.
Treatment: the Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis 2 grams of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, grinding is taken after mixing it with water, every day 3 times.
Effect: symptom of coughing after taking 5 days alleviates, holds on and fully recovers after taking 3 weeks.
Case 2
Certain female, 55 years old; Tcm diagnosis: shortness of breath and fatigue, scorching, thready and weak pulse, the dry HongShaoJin(SIC) of tongue fur, belong to deficiency of lung-YIN and cause chronic cough, dry cough is with cough with asthma sound.
Treatment: the Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis 2 grams of the embodiment of the present invention 2 preparation, grinds the every day 3 times of taking after mixing it with water, 14 days courses for the treatment of into powder.
Effect: invention enhances antitussive action, pear has effect of lung heat clearing, Radix Glycyrrhizae relieving cough and asthma simultaneously, and after taking 7 days, cough with asthma symptom alleviates, and after taking two courses for the treatment of, chronic cough symptom is fully recovered, and shortness of breath and fatigue obtains good improvement.
Case 3
Certain man, 45 years old;Tcm diagnosis, red tongue with a little fluid, thready pulse sinks, dry cough without phlegm, weak, poor appetite, dry cough, belongs to YIN-deficiency of the lung and kidney, prolonged illness impairment of YIN cough caused by dryness.
Treatment: the Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis 2 grams of the embodiment of the present invention 3 preparation, grinds into powder and takes after mixing it with water, and 3 times on the one, 14 days be a course for the treatment of.
Effect: after taking this product, 3 days dry cough symptoms alleviate, adhere to taking 2 the course for the treatment of all deficiency of YIN transference cures, recovery from illness.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of a Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
1) take 50g Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis medical material, the removal of impurity, clean by the method for wash quickly, be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 1 hour through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 20%;
2) choose the cleaning of 30g Radix Glycyrrhizae, infiltrate, cut into slices, add 120g soak by water 2 times, each 15 minutes, filter, collecting decoction and Sucus Glycyrrhizae;
3) choose the fresh pear of 40g to clean, squeeze, add the filtration of 40g clear water, and obtain snow pear juice;
4) by step 2) and 3) to obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice standby for the juice mix homogeneously of gained;
5) Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis raw material step 1) dried is placed in step 4) Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice and stirs makes 8 hours in constant temperature 25 DEG C leaching, and period stirred 1 time every 4 hours so that it is is evenly distributed, soaks into Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and fully absorb Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice;
6) step 5) is processed the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis obtained and be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 3 hours through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 12%, to obtain final product.
2. the preparation method of a Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
1) take 300g Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis medical material, the removal of impurity, clean by the method for wash quickly, be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 1 hour through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 20%;
2) choose the cleaning of 90g Radix Glycyrrhizae, infiltrate, cut into slices, add 200g soak by water 2 times, each 15 minutes, filter, collecting decoction and Sucus Glycyrrhizae;
3) choose the fresh pear of 240g to clean, squeeze, add the filtration of 400g clear water, and obtain snow pear juice;
4) by step 2) and 3) to obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice standby for the juice mix homogeneously of gained;
5) by step 1) dry Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis raw material is placed in step 4) Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice to stir constant temperature 25 DEG C leaching system 12 hours, and period stirred 1 time every 4 hours so that it is is evenly distributed, soaks into Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and fully absorb Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice;
6) by step 5) process the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis that obtains and be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, through dry 4 hours of low temperature 30 DEG C, it is dried to water content 15%, to obtain final product.
3. the preparation method of a Radix Glycyrrhizae pear Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
1) take 100g Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis medical material, the removal of impurity, clean by the method for wash quickly, be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, dry 1 hour through low temperature 30 DEG C, be dried to water content 20%;
2) choose the cleaning of 50g Radix Glycyrrhizae, infiltrate, cut into slices, add 150g soak by water 2 times, each 15 minutes, filter, collecting decoction and Sucus Glycyrrhizae;
3) choose the fresh pear of 50g to clean, squeeze, add the filtration of 100g clear water, and obtain snow pear juice;
4) by step 2) and 3) to obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice standby for the juice mix homogeneously of gained;
5) by step 1) dry Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis raw material is placed in step 4) Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice to stir constant temperature 18 DEG C leaching system 8 hours, and period stirred 1 time every 4 hours so that it is is evenly distributed, soaks into Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis and fully absorb Radix Glycyrrhizae snow pear juice;
6) by step 5) process the Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis that obtains and be placed in low-temperature vacuum drying case, through dry 2 hours of low temperature 23 DEG C, it is dried to water content 14%, to obtain final product.
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