CN1048832A - 制造高压超纯氢用的贮氢合金 - Google Patents
制造高压超纯氢用的贮氢合金 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 rare earth compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018007 MmNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018561 MmNi5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
一种制造高压超纯氢用的贮氢合金,其化学式为
Mn0.95Cu0.05Ni5-XAlXZry,式中x=0.05~0.15,
y=0.05~0.20,优先选用:
Mn0.95Cu0.05Ni4.95Al0.05Zr0.10,其金属氢化物加温
至97~100℃,氢分解压达到13MPa以上,满足市售
高压瓶氢的压力要求;以纯度为99.99%纯氢为原料,
经本贮氢合金一次净化,可获得纯度为99.9999%的
超纯氢。
Description
本发明涉及一种稀土金属化合物。
氢是一种重要的工业原料,也是未来的主要能源之一。氢的主要技术指标是它的压力和纯度,市售的瓶氢,要求其压力不低于12.3MPa(125kg/cm2),对于纯度,随氢的应用场合不同而不同。
关于氢的增压,传统的方式是采用往复式压缩机压缩,如采用机械压缩机,可用于压缩纯度不高于99.99%的氢,膜压机可用于压缩纯度不高于99.999%的氢。应用往复式压缩机其缺陷是能耗高,且存在振动、磨损、噪音、油污以及使氢纯度降级等弊病。
目前,贮氢合金被广泛应用于氢的净化、贮运、压缩,利用贮氢合金-氢系的分解压随温度升高而增大的特性,将贮氢合金在室温下吸氢而形成金属氢化物,给金属氢化物加热便可获得较高压力的解吸氢。例如:
(1)、1971年,美国布鲁克海文国家实验室(简称BNL)的J·Reilly等人用氢化物VH2在18℃吸氢,50℃解吸压缩,氢压由7atm提高到24atm(Rev.Sci.Instrum.42,1495)。
(2)、随后,荷兰Van Mal用贮氢合金LaNi5制成用于制冷的氢压缩器,15℃吸氢,160℃解吸压缩,氢压由4atm压缩到45atm(Philips.Res.Repts.Suppl.,1976,No.1 P67)。
(3)、1981年,美国Ergenics公司研制的氢压缩器,用贮氢合金LaNi4.5Al0.5,升温到300℃,使氢增压到75atm(Am.Chem.Soc.Symp.Ser.164,223)。
(4)、日本专利JP55-149104提供的多级压缩方案,其最高压力级用贮氢合金MmNi5,加热至80℃,压力为5.9MPa。
上述方案的共同缺陷是:现有的贮氢合金材料都不能将氢压提高到12.3MPa以上,达不到市售高压瓶氢的压力要求。
本发明的任务在于提供一种制造高压超纯氢用的贮氢合金,在室温下吸氢净化,加热到97~100℃解吸增压,获得纯度为99.9999%及压力为13MPa的高压超纯氢,满足市售瓶氢氢压达到12.3MPa以上的需求。
本发明的贮氢合金含有混合稀土金属元素,其特征在于:分子式为:
式中x=0.05~0.15,y=0.05~0.20,混合稀土金属Mm采用国家牌号RECe-45,它的总稀土金属含量不小于98%,在稀土金属中Ce含量不小于45%,杂质含量Fe不大于1.0%,Si不大于0.15%,S不大于0.02%,P不大于0.01%。
本贮氢合金分子式优先选用:
本贮氢合金氢化物加热解吸增压压缩的分解压表达式为:
LnPH2=10.35- 2889/(T)
式中PH2单位为MPa,T为绝对温度。根据不同的压力要求选择相应的加热温度。氢分解压为15MPa时,其加热温度为97~100℃。图1为氢分解压-温度关系图,图中:
A-采用现有的MmNi5氢化物。
B-采用Mm0.95Cu0.05Ni5-xAlxZry氢化物。
本贮氢合金为单相组织。
应用本贮氢合金实现氢气净化,可根据净化后的纯度要求,选择合适的原料氢以及解吸氢的消耗量来达到。如要求净化后纯度达到99.9999%的超纯氢,则选用纯度为99.99%的纯氢为原料,经过本贮氢合金一次净化,获得纯度为99.9999%的超纯氢,净化过程,解吸氢消耗量为10%;若在本贮氢合金一次净化前,先经过一个内装钯分子筛和5A分子筛的催化脱氧干燥器预净化,以纯度为99%、压力为2.0~3.0MPa普氢为原料,可获得纯度为99.9999%、压力为13MPa的高压超纯氢,净化过程,解吸氢消耗量为5%。
实施例:
制造贮氢合金Mm0.95Cu0.05Ni4.95Al0.05Zr0.10,混合稀土金属Mm采用国家牌号RECe-45,Ni-1电解镍,Cu-纯度≥99%电解铜,Al-工业纯铝,Zr-纯度≥95%棒料或片料。Mm、Cu、Ni、Zr置于真空感应炉的高纯氧化铝坩埚中,Al留在料仓内,感应炉经抽空排气,在充氩保护气氛下进行熔炼,Mm、Cu、Ni、Zr熔化后加入Al,在氩气氛下浇注成铸锭。冷却至100℃以下取出,破碎成粒状或块状,表面具有很亮的银灰色金属光泽,很容易破碎。
活化步骤:破碎后的贮氢合金装入耐压容器,抽空排气至1~10Pa,导入纯度不低于99.9%、压力为6.0MPa氢气,与贮氢合金接触几分钟至几十分钟的孕育期,贮氢合金开始吸氢并膨胀开裂,表面积增大,活化加快,经若干小时,活化完成,即可投入正常使用。
根据所需氢压高低,确定加热温度,一旦升温,吸氢饱和的合金氢化物解吸增压释放充氢。合金冷却至室温,导入2.0~3.0MPa氢气,重复吸氢、解吸增压过程。
根据对净化后氢气纯度的需求,选择原料氢和解吸氢的消耗量,如要求净化后的纯度为99.9999%,则原料氢选用纯度为99.99%的纯氢,经本贮氢合金一次净化,驱除杂质气体,解吸氢消耗量为10%。
同现有技术比较,本发明具有以下优点:
1、氢分解压高。只需用热水加热至97~100℃,分解压即可达到13MPa,足够满足市售钢瓶氢的压力要求,而现有技术则无法实现。
2、活化简便。本贮氢合金在室温下与6.0MPa氢接触数小时即完成活化,并可投入使用;而MmNi5需在200℃下脱气,再在室温下与6.0MPa氢接触,接着向1atm大气释放,如此重复2~10次,活化才告完成。
3、吸氢量大,放氢率高。活化后的合金试样,在20℃时吸氢3分钟达到饱和,合金含氢量达到1.4wt%,对1atm大气释放,6分钟放出95%,而现有的MmNi58分钟放出80%。
Claims (2)
1、一种制造高压超纯氢用的贮氢合金,含有混合稀土金属元素,其特征在于:该贮氢合金的化学式为:
式中X=0.05~0.15,y=0.05~0.20,混合稀土金属Mm采用国家牌号RECe-45。
2、根据权利要求1的贮氢合金,其特征在于:优先选用的化学式为
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CN1048832A true CN1048832A (zh) | 1991-01-30 |
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CN110157951A (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-23 | 宜宾天原集团股份有限公司 | 储氢合金材料的制备方法 |
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CN110157951A (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-23 | 宜宾天原集团股份有限公司 | 储氢合金材料的制备方法 |
CN110157951B (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-08-18 | 宜宾天原集团股份有限公司 | 储氢合金材料的制备方法 |
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